413 lines
55 KiB
XML
413 lines
55 KiB
XML
<document id="DF041E52779DF9C74EA70F1677A4C93C" ID-CLB-Dataset="46255" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.203443" ID-GBIF-Dataset="67d0b573-3657-4e59-942a-fc9ad04eaa1b" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="203443" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460394387718" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Dorchin, Netta & Freidberg, Amnon" docDate="2011" docId="415887DF2656423EFF14FF4AFABDF94E" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03044p048.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3044" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Lasioptera umbelliferarum Kieffer 1909" docType="treatment" docVersion="11" lastPageNumber="37" masterDocId="BD61FFA7265E4237FF83FFDDFFC4FFAE" masterDocTitle="The gall midges (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) of Apiaceae in Israel" masterLastPageNumber="48" masterPageNumber="28" pageNumber="36" updateTime="1698298575385" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo id="36BDE62F6EBB44261E25397ED806D062">
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<mods:title id="B82502B4BCA2CBCC897DB1E7B32E70D4">The gall midges (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) of Apiaceae in Israel</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="7B2C39DF744B3EC8D06101500F600D8B">Dorchin, Netta</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="72103689D2B513F832F172DAF9460BA5">Freidberg, Amnon</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="8890827D6F6A76111BB1CF351B2D02A6">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="781DCDAA2FD4C57D8C260558B3D8019D">2011</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="C7508EAE3E515021E15DA504DA31A6B2">3044</mods:number>
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<treatment id="415887DF2656423EFF14FF4AFABDF94E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6194101" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119417811" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6194101" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:415887DF2656423EFF14FF4AFABDF94E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/415887DF2656423EFF14FF4AFABDF94E" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="37" pageId="8" pageNumber="36">
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<subSubSection id="81EB65422656423FFF14FF4AFDB4FF7C" pageId="8" pageNumber="36" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="C94E36C92656423FFF14FF4AFD44FF1F" blockId="8.[151,640,151,210]" box="[151,640,151,177]" pageId="8" pageNumber="36">
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<heading id="920681A52656423FFF14FF4AFD44FF1F" bold="true" box="[151,640,151,177]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="36" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="0EF14D4A2656423FFF14FF4AFD44FF1F" ID-CoL="3SG5T" authority="Kieffer 1909" authorityName="Kieffer" authorityYear="1909" box="[151,640,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Lasioptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="umbelliferarum">
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<emphasis id="FB85EADB2656423FFF14FF4AFD44FF1F" bold="true" box="[151,640,151,177]" pageId="8" pageNumber="36">
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<emphasis id="FB85EADB2656423FFF14FF4AFE1AFF1F" bold="true" box="[151,478,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="36">Lasioptera umbelliferarum</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="AD604B382656423FFE67FF4AFD44FF1F" author="Kieffer" box="[484,640,151,177]" pageId="8" pageNumber="36" refString="Kieffer, J. J. (1909) Contributions a la connaissance des insectes gallicoles. Bulletin de la Societe d'Histoire Naturelle de Metz (3) 2, 1 - 35." type="journal article" year="1909">Kieffer 1909</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C94E36C92656423FFF14FF67FDB4FF7C" blockId="8.[151,640,151,210]" box="[151,624,186,210]" pageId="8" pageNumber="36">
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(
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<figureCitation id="51CA2A4C2656423FFF1CFF67FF2AFF7C" box="[159,238,186,210]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 7" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1984,2007]" captionTargetBox="[196,1380,423,1948]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,377,1967]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 7. Lasioptera spp. 1. L. carophila, head. 2. L. foeniculi, head. 3. L. umbelliferarum, flagellomeres. 4. L. foeniculi, flagellomeres. 5. L. carophila, acropod. 6. L. foeniculi, acropod. 7. L. foeniculi, wing. Scale bars = 0.1 mm (fig. 7, 1 mm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/203444/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="36">Figs. 3</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="51CA2A4C2656423FFF79FF67FE87FF7C" box="[250,323,186,210]" captionStart="FIGURES 8 – 15" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1953,1976]" captionTargetBox="[194,1389,293,1952]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[193,1398,193,1988]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 8 – 15. Lasioptera spp. female abdomen. 8. L. carophila, tergite 7. 9. L. carophila, one of two sclerites of tergite 8. 10. L. eryngii, tergite 7. 11. L. eryngii, one of two sclerites of tergite 8. 12. L. umbelliferarum, tergite 7. 13. L. umbelliferarum, one of two sclerites of tergite 8. 14. L. carophila, ovipositor. 15. L. foeniculi, ovipositor. Scale bars = 0.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/203445/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="36">12–13</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="51CA2A4C2656423FFECDFF67FEA8FF7C" box="[334,364,186,210]" captionStart="FIGURES 16 – 21" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1929,1952]" captionTargetBox="[196,1367,200,1872]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[177,1401,193,1891]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 16 – 21. Lasioptera spp. 16. L. foeniculi, male abdomen (terminalia removed). 17. L. foeniculi, female tergite 7. 18. L. carophila, male terminalia, dorsal. 19. L. carophila, male aedeagus and mediobasal lobes, ventral. 20. L. umbelliferarum, male terminalia, dorsal. 21. L. foeniculi, male terminalia, dorsal. scale bars = 0.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/203446/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="36">20</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="51CA2A4C2656423FFEFBFF67FE05FF7C" box="[376,449,186,210]" captionStart="FIGURES 22 – 29" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1901,1924]" captionTargetBox="[212,1414,219,1816]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[173,1417,193,1864]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 22 – 29. Lasioptera spp. 22. L. carophila, larval spatula and associated papillae. 23. L. umbelliferarum, larval spatula and associated papillae. 24. L. foeniculi, larval spatula and associated papillae. 25. L. carophila, larval anal segment. 26. L. umbelliferarum, larval anal segment. 27. L. foeniculi, larval anal segment. 28. L. foeniculi, pupal exuviae, ventral. 29. L. foeniculi, pupal exuviae, lateral. Scale bars = 0.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/203447/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="36">23, 26</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="51CA2A4C2656423FFE4FFF67FDD1FF7C" box="[460,533,186,210]" captionStart="FIGURES 42 – 49" captionStartId="17.[151,264,1917,1940]" captionTargetBox="[258,1337,221,1876]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[230,1364,195,1903]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURES 42 – 49. Pupae. 42. Lasioptera umbelliferarum, head, ventral. 43. Lasioptera umbelliferarum, head, lateral. 44. Schizomyia botellus, head, ventral. 45. Schizomyia buboniae, head, ventral. 46. Schizomyia botellus, head, lateral. 47. Schizomyia buboniae, head lateral. 48. Schizomyia botellus, dorsum of abdominal segments, lateral. 49. Schizomyia buboniae, dorsum of abdominal segments, lateral. Scale bars = 200 μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/203450/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="36">42–43</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="51CA2A4C2656423FFDA3FF67FDA3FF7C" box="[544,615,186,210]" captionStart="FIGURES 50 – 57" captionStartId="18.[151,264,1911,1934]" captionTargetBox="[246,1355,219,1879]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[217,1386,193,1907]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURES 50 – 57. Galls. 50. Lasioptera carophila, umbel and umbelule galls on Foeniculum vulgare. (photo: Israel (Roly) Netiv). 51. Lasioptera foeniculi, fruit galls on Foeniculum vulgare. 52 – 53. Lasioptera umbelliferarum, stem galls on Bilacunaria boissieri. 54 – 55. Schizomyia botellus, jointed bud galls on Deverra triradiata. 56 - 57. Schizomyia buboniae, berry-like bud galls on Deverra tortuosa." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/203451/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="36">52–53</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="81EB65422656423FFF14FEDEFD20FA6F" pageId="8" pageNumber="36" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="C94E36C92656423FFF14FEDEFD93FEB6" blockId="8.[151,599,258,280]" box="[151,599,258,280]" pageId="8" pageNumber="36">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="E9E111E72656423FFF14FEDEFD93FEB6" box="[151,599,258,280]" pageId="8" pageNumber="36">
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<taxonomicName id="0EF14D4A2656423FFF14FEDEFD93FEB6" ID-CoL="3SG5T" authority="Kieffer 1909: 28" authorityName="Kieffer" authorityPageNumber="28" authorityYear="1909" box="[151,599,258,280]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Lasioptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="umbelliferarum">
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<emphasis id="FB85EADB2656423FFF14FEDEFE6CFEB6" box="[151,424,258,280]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="36">Lasioptera umbelliferarum</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="485010D82656423FFE2CFEDFFD93FEB6" author="Kieffer" box="[431,599,258,280]" page="28" pageId="8" pageNumber="36" year="1909">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="AD604B382656423FFE2CFEDFFDF0FEB6" author="Kieffer" box="[431,564,258,280]" pageId="8" pageNumber="36" refString="Kieffer, J. J. (1909) Contributions a la connaissance des insectes gallicoles. Bulletin de la Societe d'Histoire Naturelle de Metz (3) 2, 1 - 35." type="journal article" year="1909">Kieffer 1909</bibRefCitation>
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: 28
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C94E36C92656423FFF14FE9BFA45FD6B" blockId="8.[151,1437,325,2013]" pageId="8" pageNumber="36">
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<typeStatus id="164A886B2656423FFF14FE9BFF32FEF0" box="[151,246,326,350]" pageId="8" pageNumber="36" type="neotype">Neotype</typeStatus>
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of
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<taxonomicName id="0EF14D4A2656423FFE9EFE9BFD89FEF3" ID-CoL="3SG5T" box="[285,589,325,349]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Lasioptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="umbelliferarum">
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<emphasis id="FB85EADB2656423FFE9EFE9BFD89FEF3" box="[285,589,325,349]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="36">Lasioptera umbelliferarum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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designated here – Ƥ,
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<collectingCountry id="B1E676592656423FFCC4FE98FC4CFEF3" box="[839,904,325,349]" name="Israel" pageId="8" pageNumber="36">Israel</collectingCountry>
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, Giv’at Olga,
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<date id="BD4F10092656423FFBA9FE98FB6FFEF3" box="[1066,1195,325,349]" pageId="8" pageNumber="36" value="1996-03-19">19.III.1996</date>
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, A. Freidberg, reared from
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<taxonomicName id="0EF14D4A2656423FFF55FEB4FE01FE2F" ID-CoL="LTZZ" box="[214,453,361,385]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apiaceae" genus="Bilacunaria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Apiales" pageId="8" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="boissieri">
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<emphasis id="FB85EADB2656423FFF55FEB4FE01FE2F" box="[214,453,361,385]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="36">Bilacunaria boissieri</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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stem gall.
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<taxonomicName id="0EF14D4A2656423FFDC5FEB7FCB3FE2F" ID-CoL="3SG5T" box="[582,887,361,385]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Lasioptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="umbelliferarum">
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<emphasis id="FB85EADB2656423FFDC5FEB7FCB3FE2F" box="[582,887,361,385]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="36">Lasioptera umbelliferarum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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was originally recorded (
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<bibRefCitation id="AD604B382656423FFB1FFEB4FAA6FE2F" author="Rubsaamen" box="[1180,1378,361,385]" pageId="8" pageNumber="36" refString="Rubsaamen, E. H. (1895) Uber russische Zoocecidien und deren Erzeuger. Societe Imperiale des Naturalistes de Moscou 9, 396 - 488." type="journal article" year="1895">Rübsaamen 1895</bibRefCitation>
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) and subsequently described only from its gall (
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<bibRefCitation id="AD604B382656423FFDF2FE50FCC7FE0B" author="Kieffer" box="[625,771,397,421]" pageId="8" pageNumber="36" refString="Kieffer, J. J. (1909) Contributions a la connaissance des insectes gallicoles. Bulletin de la Societe d'Histoire Naturelle de Metz (3) 2, 1 - 35." type="journal article" year="1909">Kieffer 1909</bibRefCitation>
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) from
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<taxonomicName id="0EF14D4A2656423FFCCCFE50FC54FE0B" ID-CoL="7FZR" box="[847,912,397,421]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apiaceae" genus="Seseli" kingdom="Plantae" order="Apiales" pageId="8" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="FB85EADB2656423FFCCCFE50FC54FE0B" box="[847,912,397,421]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="36">Seseli</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. from
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<collectingCountry id="B1E676592656423FFC78FE50FB82FE0B" box="[1019,1094,397,421]" name="Russia" pageId="8" pageNumber="36">Russia</collectingCountry>
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(near the Caspian Sea) but the host plant could have been misidentified. The
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<typeStatus id="164A886B2656423FFD1FFE6FFD08FE64" box="[668,716,434,458]" pageId="8" pageNumber="36">type</typeStatus>
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is considered lost together with the majority of Kieffer’s collection. Möhn (1968) later described the larvae of this species in his revision of the Palaearctic species of
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<taxonomicName id="0EF14D4A2656423FFAA0FE0BFA58FE43" ID-CoL="639F9" box="[1315,1436,470,493]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Lasioptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="FB85EADB2656423FFAA0FE0BFA58FE43" box="[1315,1436,470,493]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="36">Lasioptera</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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based on material that he recovered from herbarium-preserved galls. He noted that he never found in these herbaria galls of
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<taxonomicName id="0EF14D4A2656423FFF70FDC3FE7BFD9B" ID-CoL="3SG5T" box="[243,447,541,565]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Lasioptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="umbelliferarum">
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<emphasis id="FB85EADB2656423FFF70FDC3FE7BFD9B" box="[243,447,541,565]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="36">L. umbelliferarum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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on
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<taxonomicName id="0EF14D4A2656423FFE6FFDC0FDE9FD9B" ID-CoL="7FZR" box="[492,557,541,565]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apiaceae" genus="Seseli" kingdom="Plantae" order="Apiales" pageId="8" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="FB85EADB2656423FFE6FFDC0FDE9FD9B" box="[492,557,541,565]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="36">Seseli</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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but did find them on three species of the closely related genus
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<taxonomicName id="0EF14D4A2656423FFB7FFDC0FF00FDF7" ID-CoL="4XFL" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apiaceae" genus="Hippomarathrum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Apiales" pageId="8" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="FB85EADB2656423FFB7FFDC0FF00FDF7" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="36">Hippomarathrum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. We found the galls in
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<collectingCountry id="B1E676592656423FFE5BFD9CFDD2FDF7" box="[472,534,577,601]" name="Israel" pageId="8" pageNumber="36">Israel</collectingCountry>
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||
on
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<taxonomicName id="0EF14D4A2656423FFDC6FD9CFD0FFDF7" ID-CoL="62FWK" box="[581,715,577,601]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apiaceae" genus="Bilacunaria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Apiales" pageId="8" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="FB85EADB2656423FFDC6FD9CFD0FFDF7" box="[581,715,577,601]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="36">Bilacunaria</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, a closely related genus to
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<taxonomicName id="0EF14D4A2656423FFB88FD9CFB89FDF7" ID-CoL="7FZR" box="[1035,1101,577,601]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apiaceae" genus="Seseli" kingdom="Plantae" order="Apiales" pageId="8" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="FB85EADB2656423FFB88FD9CFB89FDF7" box="[1035,1101,577,601]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="36">Seseli</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="0EF14D4A2656423FFB0BFD9CFA88FDF7" ID-CoL="4XFL" box="[1160,1356,577,601]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apiaceae" genus="Hippomarathrum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Apiales" pageId="8" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="FB85EADB2656423FFB0BFD9CFA88FDF7" box="[1160,1356,577,601]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="36">Hippomarathrum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
that is sometimes treated under the latter (Mabberley 2008). The recorded distribution of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0EF14D4A2656423FFBB0FDBBFB3AFDD3" ID-CoL="3SG5T" box="[1075,1278,613,637]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Lasioptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="umbelliferarum">
|
||
<emphasis id="FB85EADB2656423FFBB0FDBBFB3AFDD3" box="[1075,1278,613,637]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="36">L. umbelliferarum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
fits the distribution of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0EF14D4A2656423FFE84FD54FE49FD0F" ID-CoL="62FWK" box="[263,397,649,673]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apiaceae" genus="Bilacunaria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Apiales" pageId="8" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="FB85EADB2656423FFE84FD54FE49FD0F" box="[263,397,649,673]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="36">Bilacunaria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and the published descriptions of the galls and larvae leave little doubt that the species we found in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="B1E676592656423FFF7FFD70FEFEFD6B" box="[252,314,685,709]" name="Israel" pageId="8" pageNumber="36">Israel</collectingCountry>
|
||
is indeed
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0EF14D4A2656423FFE2FFD73FDBCFD6B" ID-CoL="3SG5T" box="[428,632,685,709]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Lasioptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="umbelliferarum">
|
||
<emphasis id="FB85EADB2656423FFE2FFD73FDBCFD6B" box="[428,632,685,709]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="36">L. umbelliferarum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Pupae and adults of this species are described here for the first time.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C94E36C92656423FFF44FD0CFA59FCA3" blockId="8.[151,1437,325,2013]" pageId="8" pageNumber="36">
|
||
The
|
||
<typeStatus id="164A886B2656423FFF79FD0FFE97FD44" box="[250,339,722,746]" pageId="8" pageNumber="36" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
|
||
is designated in order to fix the identification of the species and maintain the current usage of its name. It is deposited in the National Collection of Insects, Zoological Museum, Tel Aviv University,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="B1E676592656423FFB7EFD28FAFFFCA3" box="[1277,1339,757,781]" name="Israel" pageId="8" pageNumber="36">Israel</collectingCountry>
|
||
(TAUI).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C94E36C92656423FFF44FCC4FB57FB13" blockId="8.[151,1437,325,2013]" pageId="8" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<emphasis id="FB85EADB2656423FFF44FCC4FECFFC9C" bold="true" box="[199,267,793,818]" pageId="8" pageNumber="36">Adult</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="FB85EADB2656423FFE98FCC4FE93FC9F" box="[283,343,793,817]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="36">Head</emphasis>
|
||
: Frons, gena, scape, pedicel, and area along posterior margins of eyes densely covered by white scales and hairs. Eye facets circular. Gap between eyes on vertex 0–1 facet wide. Palpus 4-segmented; palpiger usually well developed; segments 1-3 successively longer; first segment as long as or slightly longer than wide; fourth segment same length or shorter than third. Labella slightly tapered, with few long setae. Antenna: Dark brown. Scape and pedicel covered by white scales. Flagellomeres:
|
||
<quantity id="0E099B2C2656423FFC0BFC74FC2FFC6F" box="[904,1003,937,961]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.572" metricValueMax="4.826" metricValueMin="4.318" pageId="8" pageNumber="36" unit="in" value="18.0" valueMax="19.0" valueMin="17.0">17–19 in</quantity>
|
||
female (n=13),
|
||
<quantity id="0E099B2C2656423FFB23FC74FAC0FC6F" box="[1184,1284,937,961]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.683" metricValueMax="4.064" metricValueMin="3.302" pageId="8" pageNumber="36" unit="in" value="14.5" valueMax="16.0" valueMin="13.0">13–16 in</quantity>
|
||
male (n=10), number occasionally varies between antennae of same individual; flagellomeres except for apical as long as wide or slightly wider than long, especially in proximal half of antenna; first two flagellomeres partially fused, last often longer than preceding, consisting of two fused flagellomeres; each flagellomere except for apical with two whorls of circumfila connected by 1–2 longitudinal branches, row of short, curved setae proximal to proximal circumfilum, and several strong and very long setae between circumfila whorls; otherwise evenly covered by microtrichia (
|
||
<figureCitation id="51CA2A4C2656423FFF1CFB5CFF20FB37" box="[159,228,1153,1177]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 7" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1984,2007]" captionTargetBox="[196,1380,423,1948]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,377,1967]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 7. Lasioptera spp. 1. L. carophila, head. 2. L. foeniculi, head. 3. L. umbelliferarum, flagellomeres. 4. L. foeniculi, flagellomeres. 5. L. carophila, acropod. 6. L. foeniculi, acropod. 7. L. foeniculi, wing. Scale bars = 0.1 mm (fig. 7, 1 mm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/203444/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="36">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
). Apical flagellomere often with 3–4 circumfila whorls. Circumfilar whorls on flagellomeres 1–2 closer to each other and often with more longitudinal connections than those on other flagellomeres.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C94E36C92656423FFF44FB14FD20FA6F" blockId="8.[151,1437,325,2013]" pageId="8" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<emphasis id="FB85EADB2656423FFF44FB14FEDCFB4F" box="[199,280,1225,1249]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="36">Thorax</emphasis>
|
||
: Dark brown, covered laterally by white scales and hairs, dorsally with two longitudinal lines of long white hairs. Wing: hyaline; length 2.00–
|
||
<quantity id="0E099B2C2656423FFDDFFB30FD7BFAAB" box="[604,703,1261,1285]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.53" pageId="8" pageNumber="36" unit="mm" value="2.53">2.53 mm</quantity>
|
||
in female (n=12),
|
||
<quantity id="0E099B2C2656423FFC12FB30FBF0FAAB" box="[913,1076,1261,1285]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.105" metricValueMax="2.37" metricValueMin="1.84" pageId="8" pageNumber="36" unit="mm" value="2.105" valueMax="2.37" valueMin="1.84">1.84–2.37 mm</quantity>
|
||
in male (n=8); R1 and R5 join C at about 0.4 and 0.6 of wing length, respectively; M present, Cu unforked. R1, R5 and C along anterior wing margin densely covered by dark brown scales except for white spot at merging point of R5 and C. Posterior wing margin with long, fine hairs. Haltere whitish-yellow. Legs: coxae with long white hairs, remaining parts covered by white scales dorsally, short black scales with sparse white scales ventrally. Tarsal claws evenly curved, each with short, thick basal tooth. Empodia longer than bend in claw.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="81EB65422656423EFF44FA13FC88FEEE" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="37" pageId="8" pageNumber="36" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="C94E36C92656423FFF44FA13FD43F9DB" blockId="8.[151,1437,325,2013]" pageId="8" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<emphasis id="FB85EADB2656423FFF44FA13FE4FFA48" box="[199,395,1486,1510]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="36">Female abdomen</emphasis>
|
||
: As in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0EF14D4A2656423FFE61FA12FDAAFA48" box="[482,622,1486,1510]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Lasioptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carophila">
|
||
<emphasis id="FB85EADB2656423FFE61FA12FDAAFA48" box="[482,622,1486,1510]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="36">L. carophila</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
except for the following: densely covered by silvery-white scales ventrally and laterally; tergites each with wide band of dense black scales occupying half to two thirds of tergite length, with small extension in mid-posterior part. Tergite 7 as in
|
||
<figureCitation id="51CA2A4C2656423FFCAAF9C8FCB8F983" box="[809,892,1557,1581]" captionStart="FIGURES 8 – 15" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1953,1976]" captionTargetBox="[194,1389,293,1952]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[193,1398,193,1988]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 8 – 15. Lasioptera spp. female abdomen. 8. L. carophila, tergite 7. 9. L. carophila, one of two sclerites of tergite 8. 10. L. eryngii, tergite 7. 11. L. eryngii, one of two sclerites of tergite 8. 12. L. umbelliferarum, tergite 7. 13. L. umbelliferarum, one of two sclerites of tergite 8. 14. L. carophila, ovipositor. 15. L. foeniculi, ovipositor. Scale bars = 0.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/203445/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="36">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
|
||
. Sclerites of tergite 8 long and slender, widened anteriorly and posteriorly (
|
||
<figureCitation id="51CA2A4C2656423FFE4DF9E4FDE2F9FF" box="[462,550,1593,1617]" captionStart="FIGURES 8 – 15" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1953,1976]" captionTargetBox="[194,1389,293,1952]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[193,1398,193,1988]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 8 – 15. Lasioptera spp. female abdomen. 8. L. carophila, tergite 7. 9. L. carophila, one of two sclerites of tergite 8. 10. L. eryngii, tergite 7. 11. L. eryngii, one of two sclerites of tergite 8. 12. L. umbelliferarum, tergite 7. 13. L. umbelliferarum, one of two sclerites of tergite 8. 14. L. carophila, ovipositor. 15. L. foeniculi, ovipositor. Scale bars = 0.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/203445/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="36">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
|
||
). Sternites evenly sclerotized. Ovipositor: long (segments 9+10 of abdomen 4.29–5.33 times as long as tergite 6 (n=12)).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C94E36C92656423FFF44F95FFEF8F94F" blockId="8.[151,1437,325,2013]" pageId="8" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<emphasis id="FB85EADB2656423FFF44F95FFEB4F934" box="[199,368,1666,1690]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="36">Male abdomen</emphasis>
|
||
: as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0EF14D4A2656423FFE42F95EFD88F934" box="[449,588,1666,1690]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Lasioptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carophila">
|
||
<emphasis id="FB85EADB2656423FFE42F95EFD88F934" box="[449,588,1666,1690]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="36">L. carophila</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
except for the following: color and scale pattern as in female. Terminalia (
|
||
<figureCitation id="51CA2A4C2656423FFF1CF978FF30F913" box="[159,244,1701,1725]" captionStart="FIGURES 16 – 21" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1929,1952]" captionTargetBox="[196,1367,200,1872]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[177,1401,193,1891]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 16 – 21. Lasioptera spp. 16. L. foeniculi, male abdomen (terminalia removed). 17. L. foeniculi, female tergite 7. 18. L. carophila, male terminalia, dorsal. 19. L. carophila, male aedeagus and mediobasal lobes, ventral. 20. L. umbelliferarum, male terminalia, dorsal. 21. L. foeniculi, male terminalia, dorsal. scale bars = 0.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/203446/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="36">Fig. 20</figureCitation>
|
||
): gonostylus evenly narrow. Aedeagus blunt to slightly rounded apically. Hypoproct entire. Cerci separated by deep notch.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C94E36C92656423FFF44F933FCCAF873" blockId="8.[151,1437,325,2013]" pageId="8" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<emphasis id="FB85EADB2656423FFF44F933FED4F8A8" bold="true" box="[199,272,1774,1798]" pageId="8" pageNumber="36">Larva</emphasis>
|
||
(third instar): bright orange with dark brown spatula; length:
|
||
<quantity id="0E099B2C2656423FFC38F930FB9AF8AB" box="[955,1118,1773,1797]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.96" metricValueMax="3.56" metricValueMin="2.36" pageId="8" pageNumber="36" unit="mm" value="2.96" valueMax="3.56" valueMin="2.36">2.36–3.56 mm</quantity>
|
||
(n=20). Integument covered entirely by rounded to slightly pointed bumps. Antennae about twice as long as wide. Cephalic apodemes 1.5–2.8 times as long as head capsule (n=11). Spatula (
|
||
<figureCitation id="51CA2A4C2656423FFD21F8E8FD37F8E3" box="[674,755,1845,1869]" captionStart="FIGURES 22 – 29" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1901,1924]" captionTargetBox="[212,1414,219,1816]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[173,1417,193,1864]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 22 – 29. Lasioptera spp. 22. L. carophila, larval spatula and associated papillae. 23. L. umbelliferarum, larval spatula and associated papillae. 24. L. foeniculi, larval spatula and associated papillae. 25. L. carophila, larval anal segment. 26. L. umbelliferarum, larval anal segment. 27. L. foeniculi, larval anal segment. 28. L. foeniculi, pupal exuviae, ventral. 29. L. foeniculi, pupal exuviae, lateral. Scale bars = 0.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/203447/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="36">Fig. 23</figureCitation>
|
||
) with long shaft and two apically rounded anterior teeth separated by evenly rounded notch; shaft conspicuously widened immediately posterior to teeth and slightly widened at posterior end. On each side of spatula one sternal papilla and four lateral papillae, all asetose. Median pleural papilla asetose. Other pleural papillae and dorsal papillae with short setae. Terminal segment with two groups of three or four terminal papillae with short setae (
|
||
<figureCitation id="51CA2A4C2656423FFD2EF818FCC5F873" box="[685,769,1989,2013]" captionStart="FIGURES 22 – 29" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1901,1924]" captionTargetBox="[212,1414,219,1816]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[173,1417,193,1864]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 22 – 29. Lasioptera spp. 22. L. carophila, larval spatula and associated papillae. 23. L. umbelliferarum, larval spatula and associated papillae. 24. L. foeniculi, larval spatula and associated papillae. 25. L. carophila, larval anal segment. 26. L. umbelliferarum, larval anal segment. 27. L. foeniculi, larval anal segment. 28. L. foeniculi, pupal exuviae, ventral. 29. L. foeniculi, pupal exuviae, lateral. Scale bars = 0.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/203447/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="36">Fig. 26</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C94E36C92657423EFF44FF45FACCFF56" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,1760]" pageId="9" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<emphasis id="FB85EADB2657423EFF44FF45FEC1FF1E" bold="true" box="[199,261,152,176]" pageId="9" pageNumber="37">Pupa</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="51CA2A4C2657423EFE96FF4AFE65FF01" box="[277,417,151,175]" captionStart="FIGURES 42 – 49" captionStartId="17.[151,264,1917,1940]" captionTargetBox="[258,1337,221,1876]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[230,1364,195,1903]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURES 42 – 49. Pupae. 42. Lasioptera umbelliferarum, head, ventral. 43. Lasioptera umbelliferarum, head, lateral. 44. Schizomyia botellus, head, ventral. 45. Schizomyia buboniae, head, ventral. 46. Schizomyia botellus, head, lateral. 47. Schizomyia buboniae, head lateral. 48. Schizomyia botellus, dorsum of abdominal segments, lateral. 49. Schizomyia buboniae, dorsum of abdominal segments, lateral. Scale bars = 200 μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/203450/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="37">Figs. 42–43</figureCitation>
|
||
): orange. Antennal bases developed into short, pointed horns. Cephalic seta long, situated on elevated base. Frons without papillae. Prothoracic spiracle thin and elongate; trachea ends at apex. Abdominal segments covered by short, pointed spinules except for short crinkled posterior area on each segment.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C94E36C92657423EFF44FED9FC88FEEE" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,1760]" pageId="9" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<emphasis id="FB85EADB2657423EFF44FED9FEEDFEB2" bold="true" box="[199,297,260,284]" pageId="9" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<typeStatus id="164A886B2657423EFF44FED9FEEDFEB2" box="[199,297,260,284]" pageId="9" pageNumber="37" type="neotype">Neotype</typeStatus>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
: Ƥ,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="B1E676592657423EFEE4FED9FE6CFEB2" box="[359,424,260,284]" name="Israel" pageId="9" pageNumber="37">Israel</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Giv’at Olga,
|
||
<date id="BD4F10092657423EFDD9FED9FD12FEB2" box="[602,726,260,284]" pageId="9" pageNumber="37" value="1996-03-19">19.iii.1996</date>
|
||
, Freidberg A., reared from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0EF14D4A2657423EFBABFED9FADFFEB2" box="[1064,1307,260,284]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apiaceae" genus="Bilacunaria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Apiales" pageId="9" pageNumber="37" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="boissieri">
|
||
<emphasis id="FB85EADB2657423EFBABFED9FADFFEB2" box="[1064,1307,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="37">Bilacunaria boissieri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
stem gall. Mounted on permanent microscope slide. Deposited in TAUI.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="81EB65422657423EFF44FE96FE41FD06" pageId="9" pageNumber="37" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="C94E36C92657423EFF44FE96FE41FD06" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,1760]" pageId="9" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<emphasis id="FB85EADB2657423EFF44FE96FDC6FECA" bold="true" box="[199,514,331,356]" pageId="9" pageNumber="37">Other material examined.</emphasis>
|
||
<specimenCount id="DFF7FD402657423EFD8FFE91FDAFFECA" box="[524,619,332,356]" pageId="9" pageNumber="37" type="larva">3 larvae</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="B1E676592657423EFDF9FE91FD13FECA" box="[634,727,332,356]" name="Georgia" pageId="9" pageNumber="37">Georgia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Elisabethpol,
|
||
<date id="BD4F10092657423EFC01FE91FBD1FECA" box="[898,1045,332,356]" pageId="9" pageNumber="37" value="1934-07" valueMax="1934-08-31" valueMin="1934-07-00">vii–viii.1934</date>
|
||
, unspecified collector, ex.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0EF14D4A2657423EFACFFE90FE0FFE29" authority="Mohn" authorityName="Mohn" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apiaceae" genus="Hippomarathrum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Apiales" pageId="9" pageNumber="37" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="crispum">
|
||
<emphasis id="FB85EADB2657423EFACFFE90FEBCFE26" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="37">Hippomarathrum crispum</emphasis>
|
||
, Möhn
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
collection number 9382C, (mounted on permanent microscope slide by N. Dorchin),
|
||
<collectionCode id="AFE0AE0C2657423EFF14FE49FF23FE02" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34840" box="[151,231,404,428]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34840" name="Staatliches Museum fuer Naturkund Stuttgart" pageId="9" pageNumber="37">SMNS</collectionCode>
|
||
;
|
||
<specimenCount id="DFF7FD402657423EFF71FE49FE8BFE02" box="[242,335,404,428]" pageId="9" pageNumber="37" type="larva">2 larvae</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="B1E676592657423EFED8FE49FE5DFE02" box="[347,409,404,428]" name="Israel" pageId="9" pageNumber="37">Israel</collectingCountry>
|
||
[
|
||
<collectingCountry id="B1E676592657423EFE2BFE49FDD2FE02" box="[424,534,404,428]" name="Palestine" pageId="9" pageNumber="37">Palästina</collectingCountry>
|
||
], unspecified date and collector, ex.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0EF14D4A2657423EFC2DFE49FAE2FE02" authority="Mohn" authorityName="Mohn" box="[942,1318,404,428]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apiaceae" genus="Hippomarathrum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Apiales" pageId="9" pageNumber="37" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="crispum">
|
||
<emphasis id="FB85EADB2657423EFC2DFE49FB10FE02" box="[942,1236,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="37">Hippomarathrum crispum</emphasis>
|
||
, Möhn
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
collection number 9382B, (mounted on permanent microscope slide by N. Dorchin),
|
||
<collectionCode id="AFE0AE0C2657423EFC5FFE6AFBE8FE61" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34840" box="[988,1068,439,463]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34840" name="Staatliches Museum fuer Naturkund Stuttgart" pageId="9" pageNumber="37">SMNS</collectionCode>
|
||
; 5 Ƥ, 2 3, same data as
|
||
<typeStatus id="164A886B2657423EFABEFE65FA58FE7E" box="[1341,1436,440,464]" pageId="9" pageNumber="37" type="neotype">Neotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(1Ƥ
|
||
<collectionCode id="AFE0AE0C2657423EFF4FFE00FED9FE5A" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34613" box="[204,285,477,500]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34613" name="Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig" pageId="9" pageNumber="37">ZFMK</collectionCode>
|
||
, others
|
||
<collectionCode id="AFE0AE0C2657423EFEF4FE01FE79FE5A" box="[375,445,476,500]" pageId="9" pageNumber="37">TAUI</collectionCode>
|
||
); 2 Ƥ, Giv’at Olga,
|
||
<date id="BD4F10092657423EFD26FE01FCE4FE5A" box="[677,800,476,500]" pageId="9" pageNumber="37" value="1996-03-12">12.iii.1996</date>
|
||
, Dorchin N., ex.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0EF14D4A2657423EFC6AFE01FB14FE5A" box="[1001,1232,476,500]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apiaceae" genus="Bilacunaria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Apiales" pageId="9" pageNumber="37" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="boissier">
|
||
<emphasis id="FB85EADB2657423EFC6AFE01FB14FE5A" box="[1001,1232,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="37">Bilacunaria boissier</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
i (1 Ƥ
|
||
<collectionCode id="AFE0AE0C2657423EFA9CFE01FAA6FE5A" box="[1311,1378,476,500]" pageId="9" pageNumber="37">TAUI</collectionCode>
|
||
, 1 Ƥ
|
||
<collectionCode id="AFE0AE0C2657423EFF14FE22FF2EFDB9" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34613" box="[151,234,511,535]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34613" name="Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig" pageId="9" pageNumber="37">ZFMK</collectionCode>
|
||
); 4 Ƥ, 6 3, Park Hasharon,
|
||
<date id="BD4F10092657423EFDAEFE22FD5DFDB9" box="[557,665,511,535]" pageId="9" pageNumber="37" value="2000-01-22">22.i.2000</date>
|
||
, Freidberg A. and Freidberg P., ex.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0EF14D4A2657423EFBB0FDDDFADEFDB6" box="[1075,1306,512,536]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apiaceae" genus="Bilacunaria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Apiales" pageId="9" pageNumber="37" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="boissier">
|
||
<emphasis id="FB85EADB2657423EFBB0FDDDFADEFDB6" box="[1075,1306,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="37">Bilacunaria boissier</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
i (3 Ƥ, 4 3
|
||
<collectionCode id="AFE0AE0C2657423EFF14FDF9FF1FFD92" box="[151,219,548,572]" pageId="9" pageNumber="37">TAUI</collectionCode>
|
||
, 1 Ƥ, 2 3
|
||
<collectionCode id="AFE0AE0C2657423EFEDEFDF9FE74FD92" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34613" box="[349,432,548,572]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34613" name="Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig" pageId="9" pageNumber="37">ZFMK</collectionCode>
|
||
); 2 Ƥ, 1 3 (pinned), Park Hasharon,
|
||
<date id="BD4F10092657423EFCE7FDF9FC14FD92" box="[868,976,548,572]" pageId="9" pageNumber="37" value="2000-01-22">22.i.2000</date>
|
||
, Freidberg A., ex.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0EF14D4A2657423EFB2FFDF9FA50FD92" box="[1196,1428,548,572]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apiaceae" genus="Bilacunaria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Apiales" pageId="9" pageNumber="37" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="boissier">
|
||
<emphasis id="FB85EADB2657423EFB2FFDF9FA50FD92" box="[1196,1428,548,572]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="37">Bilacunaria boissier</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
i
|
||
<collectionCode id="AFE0AE0C2657423EFF14FD95FF1FFDCE" box="[151,219,584,608]" pageId="9" pageNumber="37">TAUI</collectionCode>
|
||
;
|
||
<specimenCount id="DFF7FD402657423EFF68FD9AFE9CFDF1" box="[235,344,583,607]" pageId="9" pageNumber="37" type="larva">12 larvae</specimenCount>
|
||
(on two microscope slides), 3 pupal exuviae (on one microscope slide), Hadera,
|
||
<date id="BD4F10092657423EFAA0FD9AFA53FDF1" box="[1315,1431,583,607]" pageId="9" pageNumber="37" value="2010-02-20">20.ii.2010</date>
|
||
, Freidberg A., ex.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0EF14D4A2657423EFED8FDB1FD8CFD2A" box="[347,584,620,644]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apiaceae" genus="Bilacunaria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Apiales" pageId="9" pageNumber="37" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="boissieri">
|
||
<emphasis id="FB85EADB2657423EFED8FDB1FD8CFD2A" box="[347,584,620,644]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="37">Bilacunaria boissieri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="AFE0AE0C2657423EFDD6FDB1FD5DFD2A" box="[597,665,620,644]" pageId="9" pageNumber="37">TAUI</collectionCode>
|
||
; 1 Ƥ, 2 3, Tel Baruch,
|
||
<date id="BD4F10092657423EFC1FFDB1FBCCFD2A" box="[924,1032,620,644]" pageId="9" pageNumber="37" value="2011-03-08">8.iii.2011</date>
|
||
, Freidberg A., ex.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0EF14D4A2657423EFB54FDB1FF0DFD06" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apiaceae" genus="Bilacunaria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Apiales" pageId="9" pageNumber="37" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="boissieri">
|
||
<emphasis id="FB85EADB2657423EFB54FDB1FF0DFD06" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="37">Bilacunaria boissieri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(pinned),
|
||
<collectionCode id="AFE0AE0C2657423EFEBFFD4DFE44FD06" box="[316,384,656,680]" pageId="9" pageNumber="37">TAUI</collectionCode>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="81EB65422657423EFF44FD6EFEC8FC99" pageId="9" pageNumber="37" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="C94E36C92657423EFF44FD6EFEC8FC99" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,1760]" pageId="9" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<emphasis id="FB85EADB2657423EFF44FD6EFEA4FD62" bold="true" box="[199,352,691,716]" pageId="9" pageNumber="37">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
South-west Asia, around the Caspian Sea (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="B1E676592657423EFCCDFD69FC5FFD62" box="[846,923,692,716]" name="Russia" pageId="9" pageNumber="37">Russia</collectingCountry>
|
||
[Petrowsk],
|
||
<collectingCountry id="B1E676592657423EFBAEFD68FB9EFD62" box="[1069,1114,693,716]" name="Iran" pageId="9" pageNumber="37">Iran</collectingCountry>
|
||
[Kurdistan],
|
||
<collectingCountry id="B1E676592657423EFB70FD69FA94FD62" box="[1267,1360,692,716]" name="Georgia" pageId="9" pageNumber="37">Georgia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="B1E676592657423EFADEFD69FF25FD41" name="Azerbaijan" pageId="9" pageNumber="37">Azerbaijan</collectingCountry>
|
||
). The discovery of this species in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="B1E676592657423EFDE7FD0AFD66FD41" box="[612,674,727,751]" name="Israel" pageId="9" pageNumber="37">Israel</collectingCountry>
|
||
suggests that it has a continuous distribution in the Irano-Turanian region. In
|
||
<collectingCountry id="B1E676592657423EFE8DFD21FE88FCBA" box="[270,332,764,788]" name="Israel" pageId="9" pageNumber="37">Israel</collectingCountry>
|
||
it is distributed along the coastal plain, presumably corresponding to the distribution range of its host plant.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="81EB65422657423EFF44FC9EFF18F9A6" pageId="9" pageNumber="37" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="C94E36C92657423EFF44FC9EFC3CFB46" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,1760]" pageId="9" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<emphasis id="FB85EADB2657423EFF44FC9EFEE3FCF2" bold="true" box="[199,295,835,860]" pageId="9" pageNumber="37">Biology.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0EF14D4A2657423EFEB0FC98FDA2FCF2" box="[307,614,836,860]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Lasioptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="umbelliferarum">
|
||
<emphasis id="FB85EADB2657423EFEB0FC98FDA2FCF2" box="[307,614,836,860]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="37">Lasioptera umbelliferarum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is univoltine. Galls develop into conspicuous swellings in stems and flower stalks (umbels) that may reach several centimeters in length and more than
|
||
<quantity id="0E099B2C2657423EFBBBFCBAFBABFC2E" box="[1080,1135,871,896]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="37" unit="cm" value="2.0">2 cm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter (
|
||
<figureCitation id="51CA2A4C2657423EFA85FCBAFA55FCD1" box="[1286,1425,871,895]" captionStart="FIGURES 50 – 57" captionStartId="18.[151,264,1911,1934]" captionTargetBox="[246,1355,219,1879]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[217,1386,193,1907]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURES 50 – 57. Galls. 50. Lasioptera carophila, umbel and umbelule galls on Foeniculum vulgare. (photo: Israel (Roly) Netiv). 51. Lasioptera foeniculi, fruit galls on Foeniculum vulgare. 52 – 53. Lasioptera umbelliferarum, stem galls on Bilacunaria boissieri. 54 – 55. Schizomyia botellus, jointed bud galls on Deverra triradiata. 56 - 57. Schizomyia buboniae, berry-like bud galls on Deverra tortuosa." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/203451/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="37">Figs. 52–53</figureCitation>
|
||
). Galls in umbels often prevent proper development of flowers. In
|
||
<collectingCountry id="B1E676592657423EFC06FC51FC02FC0A" box="[901,966,908,932]" name="Israel" pageId="9" pageNumber="37">Israel</collectingCountry>
|
||
, the galls begin to develop in late winter (February), are green, sometimes with darker longitudinal stripes, and reach their final size in March–April, when the larvae inside them are still first instars. Each gall may contain several dozen larval chambers embedded in woody tissue so that galls are extremely hard and difficult to dissect. At later stages of gall development, a thick layer of spongy tissue develops around the larval chambers. By summer, the galled stems dry out and turn grayishbrown but remain attached to the bases of the green plants. The fully grown larvae remain inactive inside the galls until the following winter. They pupate and emerge in February-March. The inside walls of the larval chambers in fully developed galls are covered by a conspicuous white layer of mycelia. The galls frequently contain inquilinous moth larvae that feed on the gall tissues and dig tunnels in them, thus killing some of the gall inducers indirectly. The gall-midge larvae are also attacked by several species of parasitic wasps.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C94E36C92657423EFF44FB29FF18F9A6" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,1760]" pageId="9" pageNumber="37">
|
||
Collecting the galls while they are still green results in the death of larvae inside them, thus the only way to rear this species is to collect the dried galls that contain pupae or diapausing larvae in February, shortly before adult emergence. This might be the reason why adults of this species have not been described to date. The above described phenology is in agreement with the data given by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD604B382657423EFCC6FABDFBD9FAD6" author="Rubsaamen" box="[837,1053,1376,1400]" pageId="9" pageNumber="37" refString="Rubsaamen, E. H. (1895) Uber russische Zoocecidien und deren Erzeuger. Societe Imperiale des Naturalistes de Moscou 9, 396 - 488." type="journal article" year="1895">Rübsaamen (1895)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, who noted that galls collected in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="B1E676592657423EFF14FA59FF26FA32" box="[151,226,1412,1436]" name="Russia" pageId="9" pageNumber="37">Russia</collectingCountry>
|
||
in mid June contained third-instar larvae. By contrast, Möhn (1968), who examined galls from various localities in Western Asia, noted that galls that were collected in July-August contained fully developed pupae. These pupation dates do not match our findings and appear to be erroneous, in particular Möhn’s record from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="B1E676592657423EFF14FA2DFF1DF9A6" box="[151,217,1520,1544]" name="Israel" pageId="9" pageNumber="37">Israel</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="81EB65422657423EFF44F9C9FABDF94E" pageId="9" pageNumber="37" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="C94E36C92657423EFF44F9C9FABDF94E" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,1760]" pageId="9" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<emphasis id="FB85EADB2657423EFF44F9C9FEFFF982" bold="true" box="[199,315,1556,1580]" pageId="9" pageNumber="37">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
The closest relative of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0EF14D4A2657423EFDCFF9C8FCDEF982" box="[588,794,1556,1580]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Lasioptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="umbelliferarum">
|
||
<emphasis id="FB85EADB2657423EFDCFF9C8FCDEF982" box="[588,794,1556,1580]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="37">L. umbelliferarum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
appears to be
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0EF14D4A2657423EFC46F9C8FBF0F982" box="[965,1076,1557,1580]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Lasioptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eryngii">
|
||
<emphasis id="FB85EADB2657423EFC46F9C8FBF0F982" box="[965,1076,1557,1580]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="37">L. eryngii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which induces similar galls in several
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0EF14D4A2657423EFF6EF9E4FE9FF9FE" box="[237,347,1593,1616]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apiaceae" genus="Eryngium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Apiales" pageId="9" pageNumber="37" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="FB85EADB2657423EFF6EF9E4FE9FF9FE" box="[237,347,1593,1616]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="37">Eryngium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species in Europe and the Mediterranean region, but we never found
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0EF14D4A2657423EFBE7F9E4FB16F9FE" box="[1124,1234,1593,1616]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Lasioptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eryngii">
|
||
<emphasis id="FB85EADB2657423EFBE7F9E4FB16F9FE" box="[1124,1234,1593,1616]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="37">L. eryngii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="B1E676592657423EFB77F9E5FAF2F9FE" box="[1268,1334,1592,1616]" name="Israel" pageId="9" pageNumber="37">Israel</collectingCountry>
|
||
. According to Möhn (1968), the two species differ in the length of setae on the larval ventral papillae, and the teeth of the larval spatula are usually not as widely separated in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0EF14D4A2657423EFD61F95CFC8BF936" box="[738,847,1665,1688]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Lasioptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eryngii">
|
||
<emphasis id="FB85EADB2657423EFD61F95CFC8BF936" box="[738,847,1665,1688]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="37">L. eryngii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0EF14D4A2657423EFC10F95CFB9AF936" box="[915,1118,1664,1688]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Lasioptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="umbelliferarum">
|
||
<emphasis id="FB85EADB2657423EFC10F95CFB9AF936" box="[915,1118,1664,1688]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="37">L. umbelliferarum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0EF14D4A2657423EFBEEF95CFA58F936" box="[1133,1436,1664,1688]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Lasioptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="umbelliferarum">
|
||
<emphasis id="FB85EADB2657423EFBEEF95CFA58F936" box="[1133,1436,1664,1688]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="37">Lasioptera umbelliferarum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a longer ovipositor and a significantly longer and slenderer sclerite 8 (compare
|
||
<figureCitation id="51CA2A4C2657423EFBB6F979FB7CF912" box="[1077,1208,1700,1724]" captionStart="FIGURES 8 – 15" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1953,1976]" captionTargetBox="[194,1389,293,1952]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[193,1398,193,1988]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 8 – 15. Lasioptera spp. female abdomen. 8. L. carophila, tergite 7. 9. L. carophila, one of two sclerites of tergite 8. 10. L. eryngii, tergite 7. 11. L. eryngii, one of two sclerites of tergite 8. 12. L. umbelliferarum, tergite 7. 13. L. umbelliferarum, one of two sclerites of tergite 8. 14. L. carophila, ovipositor. 15. L. foeniculi, ovipositor. Scale bars = 0.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/203445/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="37">Figs. 10–11</figureCitation>
|
||
to
|
||
<figureCitation id="51CA2A4C2657423EFB58F979FAA7F912" box="[1243,1379,1700,1724]" captionStart="FIGURES 8 – 15" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1953,1976]" captionTargetBox="[194,1389,293,1952]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[193,1398,193,1988]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 8 – 15. Lasioptera spp. female abdomen. 8. L. carophila, tergite 7. 9. L. carophila, one of two sclerites of tergite 8. 10. L. eryngii, tergite 7. 11. L. eryngii, one of two sclerites of tergite 8. 12. L. umbelliferarum, tergite 7. 13. L. umbelliferarum, one of two sclerites of tergite 8. 14. L. carophila, ovipositor. 15. L. foeniculi, ovipositor. Scale bars = 0.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/203445/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="37">Figs. 12–13</figureCitation>
|
||
). For additional differences between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0EF14D4A2657423EFE76F914FD05F94E" box="[501,705,1736,1760]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Lasioptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="umbelliferarum">
|
||
<emphasis id="FB85EADB2657423EFE76F914FD05F94E" box="[501,705,1736,1760]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="37">L. umbelliferarum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and related species see the remarks under
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0EF14D4A2657423EFB1DF914FAECF94E" box="[1182,1320,1736,1760]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Lasioptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carophila">
|
||
<emphasis id="FB85EADB2657423EFB1DF914FAECF94E" box="[1182,1320,1736,1760]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="37">L. carophila</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
above.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |