911 lines
100 KiB
XML
911 lines
100 KiB
XML
<document id="155E72FFEB7C1524598B24E60D756DF9" ID="10.11646/zootaxa.4208.1.4" ID-CLB-Dataset="37546" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.202022" ID-GBIF-Dataset="1b333291-b0ed-4d05-868e-2cfe9c470deb" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="202022" ID-ZooBank="149D7C44-F3CC-4FA3-B79F-E639C09CC637" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1481701059178" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Epler, J. H." docDate="2016" docId="352E87CFFF8C9C6EFF31FF3F37CF1E1B" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4208.1.4.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4208 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Dicrotendipes hulberti Epler, sp. n." docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="83" masterDocId="C917FFB7FF8D9C68FFA6FFE8333E1C2D" masterDocTitle="A new species of Dicrotendipes (Diptera: Chironomidae) from Florida" masterLastPageNumber="83" masterPageNumber="77" pageNumber="78" updateTime="1698434288942" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods id="9A4C81AF79ACA419872839378A15AD5C" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="DC788D6358C78CD88306EC29E9867F0B">
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<mods:title id="C509DF136AA8CE50DB9157FA056D1233">A new species of Dicrotendipes (Diptera: Chironomidae) from Florida</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="6DA33BCC6F0635BCB011089FDA05B2D5" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="EC419B8F7995CF454F1B331B52324DCE">Epler, J. H.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="2FE98DCB721DA43177393B71604A8CF9">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="E95F60ADE574BC5E950905E4781247A6">2016</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="C5BBB28DC839D46DC61219157845CA31">4208</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="E6A0915EADB77DBB6E0A1F3205EC170C" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="352E87CFFF8C9C6EFF31FF3F37CF1E1B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5672169" ID-GBIF-Taxon="125131672" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5672169" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:352E87CFFF8C9C6EFF31FF3F37CF1E1B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/352E87CFFF8C9C6EFF31FF3F37CF1E1B" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="83" pageId="1" pageNumber="78">
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<subSubSection id="F59D6552FF8C9C69FF31FF3F37031D03" pageId="1" pageNumber="78" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="BD3836D9FF8C9C69FF31FF3F317F1CDC" blockId="1.[151,577,215,242]" box="[151,577,215,242]" pageId="1" pageNumber="78">
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<heading id="E67081B5FF8C9C69FF31FF3F317F1CDC" bold="true" box="[151,577,215,242]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="78" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="8FF3EACBFF8C9C69FF31FF3F317F1CDC" bold="true" box="[151,577,215,242]" pageId="1" pageNumber="78">
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<taxonomicName id="7A874D5AFF8C9C69FF31FF3F32CC1CDF" ID-CoL="9HRK5" authority="Epler" authorityName="Epler" box="[151,498,215,242]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Dicrotendipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hulberti" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="8FF3EACBFF8C9C69FF31FF3F32981CDC" bold="true" box="[151,422,215,241]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="78">Dicrotendipes hulberti</emphasis>
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Epler
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="94C057B0FF8C9C69FE59FF30317F1CDC" box="[511,577,215,242]" pageId="1" pageNumber="78" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="BD3836D9FF8C9C69FF31FEF037031D03" blockId="1.[151,1085,280,302]" box="[151,1085,280,302]" pageId="1" pageNumber="78">
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<taxonomicName id="7A874D5AFF8C9C69FF31FEF032181D03" box="[151,294,280,302]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Dicrotendipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="8FF3EACBFF8C9C69FF31FEF032181D03" box="[151,294,280,302]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="78">Dicrotendipes</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. A
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<bibRefCitation id="D9164B28FF8C9C69FEC1FEF032E41D03" author="Epler" box="[359,474,280,302]" pageId="1" pageNumber="78" refString="Epler, J. H. (1992) Identification Manual for the Larval Chironomidae (Diptera) of Florida. Florida Department of Environmental Regulation, Orlando, Florida, 302 pp." type="book" year="1992">Epler 1992</bibRefCitation>
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: 7.43, 7.47; 1995: 7.43, 7.47; 2001: 8.60, 8.64 (larva in key)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="F59D6552FF8C9C6AFF31FEBC30881834" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="79" pageId="1" pageNumber="78" type="description">
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<paragraph id="BD3836D9FF8C9C69FF31FEBC37F71DFA" blockId="1.[151,1437,340,864]" pageId="1" pageNumber="78">
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<emphasis id="8FF3EACBFF8C9C69FF31FEBC32201D40" bold="true" box="[151,286,340,365]" pageId="1" pageNumber="78">Adult male</emphasis>
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(n=10).
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<emphasis id="8FF3EACBFF8C9C69FE24FEBC32C31D40" box="[386,509,340,365]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="78">Coloration</emphasis>
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||
. In life pale green to light brown; in alcohol stramineous/light brown, sometimes with light brown anal point and base; some species with abdomen almost completely pale brown, others with light brown band on posterior margin of tergites I–IV; others with abdomen entirely stramineous; thoracic vittae light brown/orange, preepisternum light brown, postnotum brown. Wings unmarked, with pale veins.
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</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="BD3836D9FF8C9C69FF61FE0930651E33" blockId="1.[151,1437,340,864]" pageId="1" pageNumber="78">
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<emphasis id="8FF3EACBFF8C9C69FF61FE0932941DD7" box="[199,426,481,506]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="78">General dimensions</emphasis>
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. Thorax 857–925, 770 (8); abdomen 1.97–2.84,
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<quantity id="7A7F9B3CFF8C9C69FC7DFE09377F1DD4" box="[987,1089,481,506]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.36" pageId="1" pageNumber="78" unit="mm" value="2.36">2.36 mm</quantity>
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(9); total 2.52–3.73,
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<quantity id="7A7F9B3CFF8C9C69FA90FE0A36A31DD4" box="[1334,1437,482,506]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.08" pageId="1" pageNumber="78" unit="mm" value="3.08">3.08 mm</quantity>
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(7); wing 1.22–1.48,
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<quantity id="7A7F9B3CFF8C9C69FE25FDEE32D91E30" box="[387,487,518,542]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.32" pageId="1" pageNumber="78" unit="mm" value="1.32">1.32 mm</quantity>
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long (5), 360–440, 406 wide (5).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="BD3836D9FF8C9C69FF61FDC031C31EA5" blockId="1.[151,1437,340,864]" pageId="1" pageNumber="78">
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<emphasis id="8FF3EACBFF8C9C69FF61FDC0323A1E6C" box="[199,260,552,577]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="78">Head</emphasis>
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. Temporal setae 13–22, 18 (4); clypeal setae 9–12, 11 (6); cibarial sensilla 3–12, 10 (6). AR 1.87–2.18, 2.06 (5). Frontal tubercles L 2.5–15, 10 (4); W 2.5–10, 6.3 (4). Maxillary palp with 5 palpomeres; lengths of palpomeres (3): 27–30; 28–30; 63–70; 80–92; 90–128.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="BD3836D9FF8C9C69FF61FD7B31001EE3" blockId="1.[151,1437,340,864]" pageId="1" pageNumber="78">
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<emphasis id="8FF3EACBFF8C9C69FF61FD7B32261E81" box="[199,280,659,684]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="78">Thorax</emphasis>
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. Setae: acrostichals 8–11, 9 (5); dorsocentrals 5–10, 7; scutellars 1–9, 5(8); prealars 2–5, 4 (8);
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<specimenCount id="AB81FD50FF8C9C69FA28FD7B323F1EE2" pageId="1" pageNumber="78" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
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with a single supraalar seta.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="BD3836D9FF8C9C69FF61FD3330241F3B" blockId="1.[151,1437,340,864]" pageId="1" pageNumber="78">
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<emphasis id="8FF3EACBFF8C9C69FF61FD3333C11EDF" box="[199,255,731,754]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="78">Wing</emphasis>
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||
. Wing length 1.22–1.48,
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<quantity id="7A7F9B3CFF8C9C69FD86FD3231BB1EDF" box="[544,645,730,754]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.32" pageId="1" pageNumber="78" unit="mm" value="1.32">1.32 mm</quantity>
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(5), width 360–440, 406 (5). Wing setae: squama 2–7, 4 (9); R 12–16 (3), R
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<date id="C9391019FF8C9C69FF7EFCE432211F3B" box="[216,287,765,794]" pageId="1" pageNumber="78" value="2010-06-01">1 6–10</date>
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(3), R4+
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<date id="C9391019FF8C9C69FEDEFCE432FE1F3B" box="[376,448,766,794]" pageId="1" pageNumber="78" value="2013-02-05">5 2–13</date>
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, 7 (5). VR 1.12–1.11, 1.18 (5).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="BD3836D9FF8C9C69FF61FCCD328B1F4D" blockId="1.[151,1437,340,864]" pageId="1" pageNumber="78">
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<emphasis id="8FF3EACBFF8C9C69FF61FCCD33C21F11" box="[199,252,805,828]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="78">Legs</emphasis>
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. Lengths and ratios in
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<tableCitation id="F0050362FF8C9C69FDB5FCCB31521F11" box="[531,620,803,828]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,239,904,927]" captionTargetBox="[159,1421,955,1195]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="TABLE 1. Leg measurements (µm) and ratios for male Dicrotendipes hulberti." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/E9F86651FF8C9C69FF31FC6030DD1FB2" pageId="1" pageNumber="78" tableUuid="E9F86651FF8C9C69FF31FC6030DD1FB2">Table 1</tableCitation>
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. Fore tarsi without beard. Metatarsus of middle leg with 4–12, 8 (6) palmate sensilla chaetica.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="E9F86651FF8C9C69FF31FC6030DD1FB2" ID-Table-UUID="E9F86651FF8C9C69FF31FC6030DD1FB2" box="[151,995,903,927]" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/E9F86651FF8C9C69FF31FC6030DD1FB2" pageId="1" pageNumber="78" targetBox="[159,1421,955,1195]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="1">
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<paragraph id="BD3836D9FF8C9C69FF31FC6030DD1FB2" blockId="1.[151,995,903,927]" box="[151,995,903,927]" pageId="1" pageNumber="78">
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<emphasis id="8FF3EACBFF8C9C69FF31FC6032341FB2" bold="true" box="[151,266,904,927]" pageId="1" pageNumber="78">TABLE 1.</emphasis>
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Leg measurements (µm) and ratios for male
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<taxonomicName id="7A874D5AFF8C9C69FD4AFC6F30E11FB2" box="[748,991,903,927]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Dicrotendipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hulberti">Dicrotendipes hulberti</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="BD3836D9FF8C9C69FF03FC5336461886" pageId="1" pageNumber="78">
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<table id="CF87C479FF8C6397FF39FC5336B31886" box="[159,1421,955,1195]" gridcols="11" gridrows="4" pageId="1" pageNumber="78">
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<tr id="03B7349BFF8C6397FF39FC5336B31FF9" box="[159,1421,955,980]" gridrow="0" pageId="1" pageNumber="78">
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<th id="40665DE7FF8C6397FF39FC5333E31FF9" box="[159,221,955,980]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="1" pageNumber="78">(n=6)</th>
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<th id="40665DE7FF8C6397FEA6FC5332641FF9" box="[256,346,955,980]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="1" pageNumber="78">fe</th>
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<th id="40665DE7FF8C6397FED2FC5332F31FF9" box="[372,461,955,980]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="1" pageNumber="78">ti</th>
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<th id="40665DE7FF8C6397FE40FC5331011FF9" box="[486,575,955,980]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="1" pageNumber="78">ta1</th>
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||
<th id="40665DE7FF8C6397FDFAFC53318B1FF9" box="[604,693,955,980]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="1" pageNumber="78">ta2</th>
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||
<th id="40665DE7FF8C6397FD77FC5330151FF9" box="[721,811,955,980]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="1" pageNumber="78">ta3</th>
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||
<th id="40665DE7FF8C6397FCE1FC53309E1FF9" box="[839,928,955,980]" gridcol="6" gridrow="0" pageId="1" pageNumber="78">ta4</th>
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||
<th id="40665DE7FF8C6397FC1AFC5337361FF9" box="[956,1032,955,980]" gridcol="7" gridrow="0" pageId="1" pageNumber="78">ta5</th>
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<th id="40665DE7FF8C6397FB94FC5337A91FF9" box="[1074,1175,955,980]" gridcol="8" gridrow="0" pageId="1" pageNumber="78">LR</th>
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||
<th id="40665DE7FF8C6397FB0BFC53362D1FF9" box="[1197,1299,955,980]" gridcol="9" gridrow="0" pageId="1" pageNumber="78">BV</th>
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<th id="40665DE7FF8C6397FA8EFC5336B31FF9" box="[1320,1421,955,980]" gridcol="10" gridrow="0" pageId="1" pageNumber="78">SV</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="03B7349BFF8C6397FF39FC0E36B31836" box="[159,1421,998,1051]" gridrow="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="78">
|
||
<th id="40665DE7FF8C6397FF39FC0E33E31836" box="[159,221,998,1051]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="78">p1</th>
|
||
<td id="40665DE7FF8C6397FEA6FC0E32641836" box="[256,346,998,1051]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="78">530–710 602</td>
|
||
<td id="40665DE7FF8C6397FED2FC0E32F31836" box="[372,461,998,1051]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="78">420–540 475</td>
|
||
<td id="40665DE7FF8C6397FE40FC0E31011836" box="[486,575,998,1051]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="78">660–850 746 (5)</td>
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<td id="40665DE7FF8C6397FDFAFC0E318B1836" box="[604,693,998,1051]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="78">330–375 349 (5)</td>
|
||
<td id="40665DE7FF8C6397FD77FC0E30151836" box="[721,811,998,1051]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="78">260–340 285 (5)</td>
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||
<td id="40665DE7FF8C6397FCE1FC0E309E1836" box="[839,928,998,1051]" gridcol="6" gridrow="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="78">170–260 202 (5)</td>
|
||
<td id="40665DE7FF8C6397FC1AFC0E37361836" box="[956,1032,998,1051]" gridcol="7" gridrow="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="78">80–120 98 (5)</td>
|
||
<td id="40665DE7FF8C6397FB94FC0E37A91836" box="[1074,1175,998,1051]" gridcol="8" gridrow="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="78">1.56–1.77 1.61 (5)</td>
|
||
<td id="40665DE7FF8C6397FB0BFC0E362D1836" box="[1197,1299,998,1051]" gridcol="9" gridrow="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="78">1.76–2.04 1.92 (5)</td>
|
||
<td id="40665DE7FF8C6397FA8EFC0E36B31836" box="[1320,1421,998,1051]" gridcol="10" gridrow="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="78">1.27–1.44 1.40 (5)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="03B7349BFF8C6397FF39FBC636B3184E" box="[159,1421,1070,1123]" gridrow="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="78">
|
||
<th id="40665DE7FF8C6397FF39FBC633E3184E" box="[159,221,1070,1123]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="78">p2</th>
|
||
<td id="40665DE7FF8C6397FEA6FBC63264184E" box="[256,346,1070,1123]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="78">480–620 557</td>
|
||
<td id="40665DE7FF8C6397FED2FBC632F3184E" box="[372,461,1070,1123]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="78">430–550 502</td>
|
||
<td id="40665DE7FF8C6397FE40FBC63101184E" box="[486,575,1070,1123]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="78">200–320 250</td>
|
||
<td id="40665DE7FF8C6397FDFAFBC6318B184E" box="[604,693,1070,1123]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="78">130–170 149</td>
|
||
<td id="40665DE7FF8C6397FD77FBC63015184E" box="[721,811,1070,1123]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="78">90–120 103</td>
|
||
<td id="40665DE7FF8C6397FCE1FBC6309E184E" box="[839,928,1070,1123]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="78">50–70 58</td>
|
||
<td id="40665DE7FF8C6397FC1AFBC63736184E" box="[956,1032,1070,1123]" gridcol="7" gridrow="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="78">50–60 58</td>
|
||
<td id="40665DE7FF8C6397FB94FBC637A9184E" box="[1074,1175,1070,1123]" gridcol="8" gridrow="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="78">0.45–0.58 0.49</td>
|
||
<td id="40665DE7FF8C6397FB0BFBC6362D184E" box="[1197,1299,1070,1123]" gridcol="9" gridrow="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="78">3.35–3.84 3.54</td>
|
||
<td id="40665DE7FF8C6397FA8EFBC636B3184E" box="[1320,1421,1070,1123]" gridcol="10" gridrow="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="78">3.63–4.67 4.30</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="03B7349BFF8C6397FF39FB9E36B31886" box="[159,1421,1142,1195]" gridrow="3" pageId="1" pageNumber="78">
|
||
<th id="40665DE7FF8C6397FF39FB9E33E31886" box="[159,221,1142,1195]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="1" pageNumber="78">p3</th>
|
||
<td id="40665DE7FF8C6397FEA6FB9E32641886" box="[256,346,1142,1195]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="1" pageNumber="78">530–690 610</td>
|
||
<td id="40665DE7FF8C6397FED2FB9E32F31886" box="[372,461,1142,1195]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="1" pageNumber="78">590–750 670</td>
|
||
<td id="40665DE7FF8C6397FE40FB9E31011886" box="[486,575,1142,1195]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="1" pageNumber="78">360–500 438 (5)</td>
|
||
<td id="40665DE7FF8C6397FDFAFB9E318B1886" box="[604,693,1142,1195]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="1" pageNumber="78">210–260 233 (5)</td>
|
||
<td id="40665DE7FF8C6397FD77FB9E30151886" box="[721,811,1142,1195]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="1" pageNumber="78">150–220 185 (5)</td>
|
||
<td id="40665DE7FF8C6397FCE1FB9E309E1886" box="[839,928,1142,1195]" gridcol="6" gridrow="3" pageId="1" pageNumber="78">80–120 96 (5)</td>
|
||
<td id="40665DE7FF8C6397FC1AFB9E37361886" box="[956,1032,1142,1195]" gridcol="7" gridrow="3" pageId="1" pageNumber="78">60–80 70 (5)</td>
|
||
<td id="40665DE7FF8C6397FB94FB9E37A91886" box="[1074,1175,1142,1195]" gridcol="8" gridrow="3" pageId="1" pageNumber="78">0.58–0.68 0.64 (5)</td>
|
||
<td id="40665DE7FF8C6397FB0BFB9E362D1886" box="[1197,1299,1142,1195]" gridcol="9" gridrow="3" pageId="1" pageNumber="78">2.90–3.08 3.00 (5)</td>
|
||
<td id="40665DE7FF8C6397FA8EFB9E36B31886" box="[1320,1421,1142,1195]" gridcol="10" gridrow="3" pageId="1" pageNumber="78">2.82–3.28 3.02 (5)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BD3836D9FF8C9C69FF61FB013062192C" blockId="1.[151,1437,1257,2038]" box="[199,860,1257,1282]" pageId="1" pageNumber="78">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FF3EACBFF8C9C69FF61FB013206192F" box="[199,312,1257,1282]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="78">Abdomen.</emphasis>
|
||
S VI with (0?)1–5, 1 (6) ventral accessory setae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BD3836D9FF8C9C69FF61FAE6328519D0" blockId="1.[151,1437,1257,2038]" pageId="1" pageNumber="78">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FF3EACBFF8C9C69FF61FAE632681908" box="[199,342,1294,1317]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="78">Hypopygium</emphasis>
|
||
(Fig. 1). Phallapodeme length 63–98, 83. Gonostylus normal (not inflated), moderately curved, with 6–8, 7 larger setae apicomedially, apical seta about ½ length of preceding setae; setae sometimes with bifid or fimbriate apex. Superior volsella pediform (Fig. 2); length 40–63, 54 (7); width 35–45, 39 (7); with 6–8, 7 (9) large ventral setae, volsella mostly covered with microtrichia, with small bare area posteriorly. Inferior volsella with apex of club slightly expanded, slightly indented apically; club dorsally with 2–3 longitudinal rows of 2–11, 6 large setae, setae sometimes with bifid/fimbriate apex. Anal point bare, pyriform, moderately deflexed apically; with 3– 9, 5 (7) dorsal basal setae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BD3836D9FF8C9C69FF61F9E137D11A0F" blockId="1.[151,1437,1257,2038]" box="[199,1263,1545,1570]" pageId="1" pageNumber="78">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FF3EACBFF8C9C69FF61F9E1325C1A0F" bold="true" box="[199,354,1545,1570]" pageId="1" pageNumber="78">Adult female</emphasis>
|
||
(n =2). Only pharate material available; most counts/measurements not possible.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BD3836D9FF8C9C69FF61F9C531701A6B" blockId="1.[151,1437,1257,2038]" box="[199,590,1581,1606]" pageId="1" pageNumber="78">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FF3EACBFF8C9C69FF61F9C5327C1A6B" box="[199,322,1581,1606]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="78">Coloration</emphasis>
|
||
. Apparently as in male.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BD3836D9FF8C9C69FF61F9B930BE1A47" blockId="1.[151,1437,1257,2038]" box="[199,896,1617,1642]" pageId="1" pageNumber="78">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FF3EACBFF8C9C69FF61F9B932261A47" box="[199,280,1617,1642]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="78">Thorax</emphasis>
|
||
. Setae: dorsocentrals 10–12; scutellars 5–9; prealars 4.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BD3836D9FF8C9C69FF61F99E31271AA0" blockId="1.[151,1437,1257,2038]" box="[199,537,1653,1678]" pageId="1" pageNumber="78">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FF3EACBFF8C9C69FF61F99E33C11AA0" box="[199,255,1654,1677]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="78">Wing</emphasis>
|
||
. Squama with 5–7 setae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BD3836D9FF8C9C69FF61F971324C1AD7" blockId="1.[151,1437,1257,2038]" pageId="1" pageNumber="78">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FF3EACBFF8C9C69FF61F97132071A9F" box="[199,313,1689,1714]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="78">Genitalia.</emphasis>
|
||
Typical for Nearctic members of the genus, as figured in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D9164B28FF8C9C69FC65F97137CD1A9F" author="Epler" box="[963,1267,1689,1714]" pageId="1" pageNumber="78" refString="Epler, J. H. (1988) Biosystematics of the genus Dicrotendipes Kieffer, 1913 (Diptera: Chironomidae: Chironominae) of the World. Memoirs of the American Entomological Society, 36, 1 - 214." type="journal article" year="1988">Epler (1988: Figs. 4A, 4B)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, apodeme lobe weakly sclerotized (Fig. 3). Each side of S VIII with 11–17 setae; T IX with 34–48 setae; T X with 2–3 setae. Cercus 88–98 long.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BD3836D9FF8C9C69FF61F8ED30D81B30" blockId="1.[151,1437,1257,2038]" box="[199,998,1797,1822]" pageId="1" pageNumber="78">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FF3EACBFF8C9C69FF61F8ED32381B33" bold="true" box="[199,262,1797,1822]" pageId="1" pageNumber="78">Pupa</emphasis>
|
||
(n = 9). Typical
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7A874D5AFF8C9C69FE67F8ED31611B33" box="[449,607,1797,1822]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Dicrotendipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FF3EACBFF8C9C69FE67F8ED31611B33" box="[449,607,1797,1822]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="78">Dicrotendipes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
pupa, very similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7A874D5AFF8C9C69FCF2F8EE30E01B33" box="[852,990,1797,1822]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Dicrotendipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="modestus">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FF3EACBFF8C9C69FCF2F8EE30E01B33" box="[852,990,1797,1822]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="78">D. modestus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BD3836D9FF8C9C69FF61F8C131021B6F" blockId="1.[151,1437,1257,2038]" box="[199,572,1833,1858]" pageId="1" pageNumber="78">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FF3EACBFF8C9C69FF61F8C1327C1B6F" box="[199,322,1833,1858]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="78">Coloration</emphasis>
|
||
. Exuviae light brown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BD3836D9FF8C9C69FF61F8A532171BA7" blockId="1.[151,1437,1257,2038]" pageId="1" pageNumber="78">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FF3EACBFF8C9C69FF61F8A532971B4B" box="[199,425,1869,1894]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="78">General dimensions</emphasis>
|
||
. Cephalothorax
|
||
<quantity id="7A7F9B3CFF8C9C69FDC1F8A630351B48" box="[615,779,1870,1894]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.19" metricValueMax="1.24" metricValueMin="1.14" pageId="1" pageNumber="78" unit="mm" value="1.19" valueMax="1.24" valueMin="1.14">1.14–1.24 mm</quantity>
|
||
(2); abdomen 2.27–3.02,
|
||
<quantity id="7A7F9B3CFF8C9C69FB92F8A637A41B48" box="[1076,1178,1870,1894]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.79" pageId="1" pageNumber="78" unit="mm" value="2.79">2.79 mm</quantity>
|
||
(8); total length
|
||
<quantity id="7A7F9B3CFF8C9C69FAFBF8A633C51BA4" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.08" metricValueMax="4.26" metricValueMin="3.9" pageId="1" pageNumber="78" unit="mm" value="4.08" valueMax="4.26" valueMin="3.9">3.90– 4.26 mm</quantity>
|
||
(2).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BD3836D9FF8C9C69FF61F87D312E1BDB" blockId="1.[151,1437,1257,2038]" pageId="1" pageNumber="78">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FF3EACBFF8C9C69FF61F87D32511B83" box="[199,367,1941,1966]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="78">Cephalothorax</emphasis>
|
||
. With weak to moderate dorsal pebbling. Cephalic tubercles conical, 48–63, 56 (5) long; frontal setae 28–48 (3) long. With typical 4 dorsocentral setae; Dc1 33–45, 38 (5); Dc2 not measurable; Dc3 48 (1); Dc4 33–35 (2). Scutal tubercle absent.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BD3836D9FF8F9C6AFF61FF7F31211DD9" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2021]" pageId="2" pageNumber="79">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FF3EACBFF8F9C6AFF61FF7F320F1C9D" box="[199,305,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="79">Abdomen</emphasis>
|
||
. T II with posterior transverse row of 55–70, 65 hooklets. T I without shagreen; T II–IV with median subquadrate shagreen area, shagreen points small, subequal; T V and VI with narrower median subquadrate shagreen area, shagreen points larger, especially in center of patch. T VII with pair of weak ovoid shagreen areas anteriorly, points small; T VIII with pair of weak longitudinal shagreen areas, points small. Most sternites without shagreen, sometimes with small oval/circular areas of fine points anteriorly; S I with posterior transverse row of 30–72, 60 (7) fine, clear spinules>5 µm long. S II with anterior transverse row of 39–132, 84 (8) fine, clear spinules>5 µm long; with posterior transverse row of 39–97, 64 (8) fine, clear spinules>5 µm long. S III without anterior or posterior transverse rows of clear spinules>5 µm long. Each side of T VIII with single caudolateral spur, thorn–like to mostly straight to slightly curved (Figs. 4, 5). Anal lobe with uniserial fringe of 31–38, 35 taeniae. Disc ratio 1.94–2.69, 2.40.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BD3836D9FF8F9C6AFF61FE1731391E35" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2021]" box="[199,519,511,536]" pageId="2" pageNumber="79">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FF3EACBFF8F9C6AFF61FE1732931E35" bold="true" box="[199,429,511,536]" pageId="2" pageNumber="79">Fourth instar larva</emphasis>
|
||
(n = 8).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BD3836D9FF8F9C6AFF61FDCC31491E10" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2021]" box="[199,631,548,573]" pageId="2" pageNumber="79">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FF3EACBFF8F9C6AFF61FDCC327C1E10" box="[199,322,548,573]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="79">Coloration</emphasis>
|
||
. Head capsule light brown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BD3836D9FF8F9C6AFF61FDAF30FC1E72" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2021]" box="[199,962,583,608]" pageId="2" pageNumber="79">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FF3EACBFF8F9C6AFF61FDAF32961E4D" box="[199,424,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="79">General dimensions</emphasis>
|
||
. Medium sized larvae, total length about
|
||
<quantity id="7A7F9B3CFF8F9C6AFCDFFDAF30801E72" box="[889,958,583,608]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="79" unit="mm" value="6.0">6 mm</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BD3836D9FF8F9C6AFF61FD8430B11FFC" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2021]" pageId="2" pageNumber="79">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FF3EACBFF8F9C6AFF61FD84323A1EA8" box="[199,260,620,645]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="79">Head</emphasis>
|
||
. Frons with anterior margin mostly smooth, with 2–4 crenations on each anterolateral projection, with uvula-like medial frontal pit (Fig. 7); clypeal sclerite smooth posterodorsally. Postmentum length 198–235, 214. Antenna (Fig. 8) with 5 antennomeres, lengths (1–5):53–60, 58; 18–20, 19; 10–13, 11; 10–15, 13; 5. AR 1.03–1.33, 1.17. Antennal blade 45–58, 50, extending to middle or apex of 4th antennomere. Premandible 95–108, 100 long, with 2 apical teeth. Mandible (Fig. 9) 145–170, 155 (5) long; outer margin mostly smooth to crenulate/furrowed; with pale dorsal tooth, dark apical tooth and 3 dark inner teeth; proximal inner tooth directed medially to slightly posteriorly; seta subdentalis length 20–24, 22 (6); pecten mandibularis with 9–11, 10 setae. Mentum (Fig. 6) 113– 130, 124 (6) long; with 13 teeth, 2nd lateral tooth fused/appressed to 1st, 6th lateral tooth rounded and fused/ appressed to 5th. Ventromental plates with finely crenulate anterior margin, 88–98, 91 wide, 38–48, 44 long; with 24–30, 26 full-length strial ridges; interplate distance 48–50, 49 (6).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BD3836D9FF8F9C6AFF61FC3430881834" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2021]" pageId="2" pageNumber="79">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FF3EACBFF8F9C6AFF61FC3433C11FD8" box="[199,255,988,1013]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="79">Body</emphasis>
|
||
. Ventral and lateral tubules absent. Procerci 15–25, 18 long; longest anal seta 700–840, 759 long; supraanal seta 250–288 (2) long. Posterior parapods with simple claws.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="F59D6552FF8F9C6AFF61FBCC30261A18" pageId="2" pageNumber="79" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="BD3836D9FF8F9C6AFF61FBCC33C81938" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2021]" pageId="2" pageNumber="79">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="0DEF3C84FF8F9C6AFF61FBCC33D418A8" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1416632186" collectingDate="1991-09-03" collectorName="J. H. Epler & L. M. Epler. Slide" country="Canada" county="Palm Beach County" location="Lake Okeechobee" municipality="Kramer Island" pageId="2" pageNumber="79" specimenCount="2" stateProvince="FLORIDA" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FF3EACBFF8F9C6AFF61FBCC32D11810" bold="true" box="[199,495,1060,1085]" pageId="2" pageNumber="79">
|
||
<typeStatus id="623C887BFF8F9C6AFF61FBCC323C1810" box="[199,258,1060,1085]" pageId="2" pageNumber="79">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
material.
|
||
<typeStatus id="623C887BFF8F9C6AFE24FBCC32D11810" box="[386,495,1060,1085]" pageId="2" pageNumber="79" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, male with associated pupal and larval exuviae, U.S.A.:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="7F43F83BFF8F9C6AFB21FBCD363B1810" box="[1159,1285,1061,1085]" country="United States of America" name="Florida" pageId="2" pageNumber="79">FLORIDA</collectingRegion>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingCounty id="54594E55FF8F9C6AFAB5FBCC33D3184C" pageId="2" pageNumber="79">Palm Beach County</collectingCounty>
|
||
;
|
||
<location id="B8586002FF8F9C6AFF5AFBA032F7184C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:352E87CFFF8C9C6EFF31FF3F37CF1E1B:B8586002FF8F9C6AFF5AFBA032F7184C" box="[252,457,1096,1121]" country="Canada" county="Palm Beach County" municipality="Kramer Island" name="Lake Okeechobee" pageId="2" pageNumber="79" stateProvince="FLORIDA">Lake Okeechobee</location>
|
||
nr
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="5D5CACA3FF8F9C6AFE50FBA131A0184C" box="[502,670,1096,1121]" pageId="2" pageNumber="79">Kramer Island</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
;
|
||
<date id="C9391019FF8F9C6AFD0BFBA03021184C" box="[685,799,1096,1121]" pageId="2" pageNumber="79" value="1991-09-03">
|
||
<collectingDate id="D97DE9F1FF8F9C6AFD0BFBA03021184C" box="[685,799,1096,1121]" pageId="2" pageNumber="79" value="1991-09-03">3-ix-1991</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
; leg.
|
||
<collectorName id="1072530FFF8F9C6AFCC4FBA130E6184C" box="[866,984,1096,1121]" pageId="2" pageNumber="79">J.H. Epler</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="1072530FFF8F9C6AFC41FBA1378F184C" box="[999,1201,1096,1121]" pageId="2" pageNumber="79">L.M. Epler. Slide</collectorName>
|
||
mounted in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C5907649FF8F9C6AFAEEFBA036A2184C" box="[1352,1436,1096,1121]" name="Canada" pageId="2" pageNumber="79">Canada</collectingCountry>
|
||
balsam
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
. Holotype in FSCA.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="0DEF3C84FF8F9C6AFE75FB8436BD18A9" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1416632184" box="[467,1411,1132,1157]" collectingDate="1991-09-03" collectionCode="JHE" collectorName="Pex & Lex" country="Canada" county="Palm Beach County" location="Lake Okeechobee" municipality="Kramer Island" pageId="2" pageNumber="79" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="FLORIDA" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FF3EACBFF8F9C6AFE75FB84317518A8" bold="true" box="[467,587,1132,1157]" pageId="2" pageNumber="79">
|
||
<typeStatus id="623C887BFF8F9C6AFE75FB84317518A8" box="[467,587,1132,1157]" pageId="2" pageNumber="79" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<specimenCount id="AB81FD50FF8F9C6AFDFFFB85319A18A8" box="[601,676,1132,1157]" pageId="2" pageNumber="79" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
|
||
/
|
||
<collectorName id="1072530FFF8F9C6AFD0AFB8431E918A8" box="[684,727,1132,1157]" pageId="2" pageNumber="79">Pex</collectorName>
|
||
/
|
||
<collectorName id="1072530FFF8F9C6AFD46FB84303218A8" box="[736,780,1132,1157]" pageId="2" pageNumber="79">Lex</collectorName>
|
||
, 1 pharate male pupa/
|
||
<collectorName id="1072530FFF8F9C6AFBA4FB85371118A8" box="[1026,1071,1133,1157]" pageId="2" pageNumber="79">Lex</collectorName>
|
||
; same data as holotype; [
|
||
<collectionCode id="DB96AE1CFF8F9C6AFAE2FB85364218A9" box="[1348,1404,1133,1156]" pageId="2" pageNumber="79">JHE</collectionCode>
|
||
]
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="0DEF3C84FF8F9C6AFA28FB8530A518E1" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1416632183" collectingDate="1991-09-04" collectionCode="FSCA, JHE" collectorName="Lex, FL & J. H. Epler & L. M. Epler & D. Strom" country="Canada" county="Palm Beach County" location="Lex" municipality="Winnie's Cove" pageId="2" pageNumber="79" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="FLORIDA" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
3 pharate male pupae/
|
||
<location id="B8586002FF8F9C6AFE24FB7932901884" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:352E87CFFF8C9C6EFF31FF3F37CF1E1B:B8586002FF8F9C6AFE24FB7932901884" box="[386,430,1169,1193]" country="Canada" county="Palm Beach County" municipality="Winnie's Cove" name="Lex" pageId="2" pageNumber="79" stateProvince="FLORIDA">Lex</location>
|
||
, 2 pharate female pupae/
|
||
<collectorName id="1072530FFF8F9C6AFD71FB7930081885" box="[727,822,1169,1193]" pageId="2" pageNumber="79">Lex, FL</collectorName>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingCounty id="54594E55FF8F9C6AFCE3FB78370E1884" box="[837,1072,1168,1193]" pageId="2" pageNumber="79">Palm Beach County</collectingCounty>
|
||
;
|
||
<location id="B8586002FF8F9C6AFB98FB7836351884" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:352E87CFFF8C9C6EFF31FF3F37CF1E1B:B8586002FF8F9C6AFB98FB7836351884" box="[1086,1291,1168,1193]" country="Canada" county="Palm Beach County" municipality="Winnie's Cove" name="Lake Okeechobee" pageId="2" pageNumber="79" stateProvince="FLORIDA">Lake Okeechobee</location>
|
||
nr
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="5D5CACA3FF8F9C6AFA9EFB7833E818E0" pageId="2" pageNumber="79">Winnie’s Cove</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
;
|
||
<date id="C9391019FF8F9C6AFF47FB5C326D18E0" box="[225,339,1204,1229]" pageId="2" pageNumber="79" value="1991-09-04">
|
||
<collectingDate id="D97DE9F1FF8F9C6AFF47FB5C326D18E0" box="[225,339,1204,1229]" pageId="2" pageNumber="79" value="1991-09-04">4-ix-1991</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
; leg.
|
||
<collectorName id="1072530FFF8F9C6AFE28FB5D313E18E0" box="[398,512,1204,1229]" pageId="2" pageNumber="79">J.H. Epler</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="1072530FFF8F9C6AFDADFB5D31B618E0" box="[523,648,1204,1229]" pageId="2" pageNumber="79">L.M. Epler</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="1072530FFF8F9C6AFD32FB5D31C418E0" box="[660,762,1205,1229]" pageId="2" pageNumber="79">D. Strom</collectorName>
|
||
[
|
||
<collectionCode id="DB96AE1CFF8F9C6AFCA1FB5D306D18E0" box="[775,851,1205,1229]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/jekt-x82m" name="Florida State Collection of Arthropods, The Museum of Entomology" pageId="2" pageNumber="79">FSCA</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="DB96AE1CFF8F9C6AFCF8FB5D30AA18E1" box="[862,916,1205,1228]" pageId="2" pageNumber="79">JHE</collectionCode>
|
||
]
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="0DEF3C84FF8F9C6AFC00FB5C33C81938" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1416632185" collectingDate="2003-08-04" collectionCode="JHE" collectorName="D. R. Denson & Slide & Euparal." country="Canada" county="Marion Co." location="Marion Co." pageId="2" pageNumber="79" specimenCount="54" specimenCount-male="54" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<specimenCount id="AB81FD50FF8F9C6AFC00FB5C373418E0" box="[934,1034,1204,1229]" pageId="2" pageNumber="79" type="male">54 males</specimenCount>
|
||
(4 slide mounted), FL:
|
||
<collectingCounty id="54594E55FF8F9C6AFAB2FB5C36A918E0" box="[1300,1431,1204,1229]" pageId="2" pageNumber="79">Marion Co.</collectingCounty>
|
||
, Buck Pond near Moss Bluff,
|
||
<date id="C9391019FF8F9C6AFE5EFB30314718DC" box="[504,633,1240,1265]" pageId="2" pageNumber="79" value="2003-08-04">
|
||
<collectingDate id="D97DE9F1FF8F9C6AFE5EFB30314718DC" box="[504,633,1240,1265]" pageId="2" pageNumber="79" value="2003-08-04">4-viii-2003</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
, UV, leg.
|
||
<collectorName id="1072530FFF8F9C6AFD5EFB3130B018DD" box="[760,910,1241,1264]" pageId="2" pageNumber="79">D.R. Denson</collectorName>
|
||
[
|
||
<collectionCode id="DB96AE1CFF8F9C6AFC04FB3130E418DD" box="[930,986,1241,1264]" pageId="2" pageNumber="79">JHE</collectionCode>
|
||
].
|
||
<collectorName id="1072530FFF8F9C6AFC54FB30371218DC" box="[1010,1068,1240,1265]" pageId="2" pageNumber="79">Slide</collectorName>
|
||
mounted in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C5907649FF8F9C6AFB6EFB30362218DC" box="[1224,1308,1240,1265]" name="Canada" pageId="2" pageNumber="79">Canada</collectingCountry>
|
||
balsam or
|
||
<collectorName id="1072530FFF8F9C6AFF31FB1433C81938" box="[151,246,1276,1301]" pageId="2" pageNumber="79">Euparal.</collectorName>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BD3836D9FF8F9C6AFF61FAC830261A18" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2021]" pageId="2" pageNumber="79">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="0DEF3C84FF8F9C6AFF61FAC830741970" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1416632187" collectingDate="1989-05-03" collectorName="C. A. Bennett" county="Other" location="Manatee Springs State Park" municipality="Levy Co" pageId="2" pageNumber="79" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1">
|
||
<collectingCounty id="54594E55FF8F9C6AFF61FAC832371914" box="[199,265,1312,1337]" pageId="2" pageNumber="79">Other</collectingCounty>
|
||
, non-type, material examined:
|
||
<specimenCount id="AB81FD50FF8F9C6AFDCBFAC931831914" box="[621,701,1312,1337]" pageId="2" pageNumber="79" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
|
||
, FL:
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="5D5CACA3FF8F9C6AFD5BFAC9305D1914" box="[765,867,1313,1337]" pageId="2" pageNumber="79">Levy Co</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="B8586002FF8F9C6AFCD7FAC9378E1914" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:352E87CFFF8C9C6EFF31FF3F37CF1E1B:B8586002FF8F9C6AFCD7FAC9378E1914" box="[881,1200,1312,1337]" county="Other" municipality="Levy Co" name="Manatee Springs State Park" pageId="2" pageNumber="79">Manatee Springs State Park</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="C9391019FF8F9C6AFB18FAC936191914" box="[1214,1319,1313,1337]" pageId="2" pageNumber="79" value="1989-05-03">
|
||
<collectingDate id="D97DE9F1FF8F9C6AFB18FAC936191914" box="[1214,1319,1313,1337]" pageId="2" pageNumber="79" value="1989-05-03">3-v-1989</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
, leg.
|
||
<collectorName id="1072530FFF8F9C6AFAC1FAC933CF1971" pageId="2" pageNumber="79">C.A. Bennett</collectorName>
|
||
, ex “adult emerge in jars with
|
||
<emphasis id="8FF3EACBFF8F9C6AFDE9FAAD30741970" box="[591,842,1348,1373]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="79">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7A874D5AFF8F9C6AFDE9FAAD307D1970" box="[591,835,1348,1373]" class="Liliopsida" family="Hydrocharitaceae" genus="Najas" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="2" pageNumber="79" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="guadalupensis">Najas guadalupensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
”
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="0DEF3C84FF8F9C6AFCFDFAAD309A19AD" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1416632190" collectingDate="1989-05-03" collectionCode="JHE" collectorName="Gainesville" county="Other" location="Manatee Springs State Park" municipality="Levy Co" pageId="2" pageNumber="79" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1">
|
||
<specimenCount id="AB81FD50FF8F9C6AFCFDFAAD30941970" box="[859,938,1348,1373]" pageId="2" pageNumber="79" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
|
||
, same locality, xi-xii-1990,
|
||
<collectorName id="1072530FFF8F9C6AFB41FAAC36581970" box="[1255,1382,1348,1373]" pageId="2" pageNumber="79">Gainesville</collectorName>
|
||
DPI quarantine, ex
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7A874D5AFF8F9C6AFE99FA80329419AC" box="[319,426,1384,1409]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Hydrellia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FF3EACBFF8F9C6AFE99FA80329419AC" box="[319,426,1384,1409]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="79">Hydrellia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
rearing jars with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7A874D5AFF8F9C6AFDD2FA80306819AC" box="[628,854,1384,1409]" class="Liliopsida" family="Hydrocharitaceae" genus="Hydrilla" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="2" pageNumber="79" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="verticillata">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FF3EACBFF8F9C6AFDD2FA80306819AC" box="[628,854,1384,1409]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="79">Hydrilla verticillata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
[
|
||
<collectionCode id="DB96AE1CFF8F9C6AFCC2FA8130A219AD" box="[868,924,1385,1408]" pageId="2" pageNumber="79">JHE</collectionCode>
|
||
]
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="0DEF3C84FF8F9C6AFC16FA8137331989" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1416632191" collectingDate="2010-09-17" collectionCode="JHE" collectorName="K. Stratman" county="Osceola Co." latitude="28.24136" location="Lake Tohopekaliga" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-81.40636" municipality="Kissimmee" pageId="2" pageNumber="79" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1">
|
||
<specimenCount id="AB81FD50FF8F9C6AFC16FA81373E19AC" box="[944,1024,1384,1409]" pageId="2" pageNumber="79" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
|
||
, FL:
|
||
<collectingCounty id="54594E55FF8F9C6AFB9BFA8037F419AC" box="[1085,1226,1384,1409]" pageId="2" pageNumber="79">Osceola Co.</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="5D5CACA3FF8F9C6AFB71FA80366619AC" box="[1239,1368,1384,1409]" pageId="2" pageNumber="79">Kissimmee</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="B8586002FF8F9C6AFAC2FA80320C1988" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:352E87CFFF8C9C6EFF31FF3F37CF1E1B:B8586002FF8F9C6AFAC2FA80320C1988" county="Osceola Co." latitude="28.24136" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-81.40636" municipality="Kissimmee" name="Lake Tohopekaliga" pageId="2" pageNumber="79">Lake Tohopekaliga</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="D8B3501EFF8F9C6AFEE4FA6432FC1988" box="[322,450,1420,1445]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="79" precision="1" value="28.24136">28.24136N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="D8B3501EFF8F9C6AFE75FA6431691988" box="[467,599,1420,1445]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="79" precision="1" value="-81.40636">81.40636W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="C9391019FF8F9C6AFDCEFA6431D91988" box="[616,743,1420,1445]" pageId="2" pageNumber="79" value="2010-09-17">
|
||
<collectingDate id="D97DE9F1FF8F9C6AFDCEFA6431D91988" box="[616,743,1420,1445]" pageId="2" pageNumber="79" value="2010-09-17">17-ix-2010</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
, leg.
|
||
<collectorName id="1072530FFF8F9C6AFC88FA6530841988" box="[814,954,1421,1445]" pageId="2" pageNumber="79">K. Stratman</collectorName>
|
||
[
|
||
<collectionCode id="DB96AE1CFF8F9C6AFC68FA6537381989" box="[974,1030,1421,1444]" pageId="2" pageNumber="79">JHE</collectionCode>
|
||
]
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="0DEF3C84FF8F9C6AFBB8FA6537CD19C0" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1416632189" collectingDate="1967-07" collectingDateMax="2004-06-04" collectingDateMin="1967-07" collectionCode="USNM" collectorName="W. W. Wirth & Florida" country="Panama" county="Alachua Co." location="Gamboa" municipality="Canal Zone" pageId="2" pageNumber="79" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1">
|
||
<specimenCount id="AB81FD50FF8F9C6AFBB8FA65374C1988" box="[1054,1138,1420,1445]" pageId="2" pageNumber="79" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C5907649FF8F9C6AFB24FA6537C01988" box="[1154,1278,1421,1445]" name="Panama" pageId="2" pageNumber="79">PANAMA</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="5D5CACA3FF8F9C6AFAA8FA6436A61989" box="[1294,1432,1420,1445]" pageId="2" pageNumber="79">Canal Zone</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="B8586002FF8F9C6AFF31FA5833C719E4" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:352E87CFFF8C9C6EFF31FF3F37CF1E1B:B8586002FF8F9C6AFF31FA5833C719E4" box="[151,249,1456,1481]" country="Panama" county="Alachua Co." municipality="Canal Zone" name="Gamboa" pageId="2" pageNumber="79">Gamboa</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="B8586002FF8F9C6AFEA0FA5832FE19E4" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:352E87CFFF8C9C6EFF31FF3F37CF1E1B:B8586002FF8F9C6AFEA0FA5832FE19E4" box="[262,448,1456,1481]" country="Panama" county="Alachua Co." municipality="Canal Zone" name="Rio Agua Salud" pageId="2" pageNumber="79">Rio Agua Salud</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="C9391019FF8F9C6AFE68FA58317C19E4" box="[462,578,1456,1481]" pageId="2" pageNumber="79" value="1967-07">
|
||
<collectingDate id="D97DE9F1FF8F9C6AFE68FA58317C19E4" box="[462,578,1456,1481]" pageId="2" pageNumber="79" value="1967-07">July 1967</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="1072530FFF8F9C6AFDE9FA5931E419E4" box="[591,730,1456,1481]" pageId="2" pageNumber="79">W.W. Wirth</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMethod id="64C64ECEFF8F9C6AFD41FA58306E19E5" box="[743,848,1456,1481]" pageId="2" pageNumber="79">light trap</collectingMethod>
|
||
[
|
||
<collectionCode id="DB96AE1CFF8F9C6AFCC6FA59308419E4" box="[864,954,1457,1481]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="2" pageNumber="79">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
]. I’ve also seen larvae from the following locations in
|
||
<collectorName id="1072530FFF8F9C6AFE83FA3C324419C0" box="[293,378,1492,1517]" pageId="2" pageNumber="79">Florida</collectorName>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingCounty id="54594E55FF8F9C6AFE2EFA3C312419C0" box="[392,538,1492,1517]" pageId="2" pageNumber="79">Alachua Co.</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="B8586002FF8F9C6AFD8EFA3D31EA19C0" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:352E87CFFF8C9C6EFF31FF3F37CF1E1B:B8586002FF8F9C6AFD8EFA3D31EA19C0" box="[552,724,1492,1517]" country="Panama" county="Alachua Co." municipality="Canal Zone" name="Santa Fe River" pageId="2" pageNumber="79">Santa Fe River</location>
|
||
at
|
||
<location id="B8586002FF8F9C6AFD5BFA3D300D19C0" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:352E87CFFF8C9C6EFF31FF3F37CF1E1B:B8586002FF8F9C6AFD5BFA3D300D19C0" box="[765,819,1493,1517]" country="Panama" county="Alachua Co." municipality="Canal Zone" name="Hwy" pageId="2" pageNumber="79">Hwy</location>
|
||
21 nr
|
||
<location id="B8586002FF8F9C6AFC22FA3C374A19C0" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:352E87CFFF8C9C6EFF31FF3F37CF1E1B:B8586002FF8F9C6AFC22FA3C374A19C0" box="[900,1140,1492,1517]" country="Panama" county="Alachua Co." municipality="Canal Zone" name="Worthington Springs" pageId="2" pageNumber="79">Worthington Springs</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="C9391019FF8F9C6AFB27FA3C37CD19C0" box="[1153,1267,1492,1517]" pageId="2" pageNumber="79" value="2004-06-04">
|
||
<collectingDate id="D97DE9F1FF8F9C6AFB27FA3C37CD19C0" box="[1153,1267,1492,1517]" pageId="2" pageNumber="79" value="2004-06-04">4-vi-2004</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="0DEF3C84FF8F9C6AFAA7FA3C31611A3C" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1416632192" collectingDate="1996-03-13" country="United States of America" county="Gilchrist Co." location="Santa Fe River" pageId="2" pageNumber="79" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<collectingCounty id="54594E55FF8F9C6AFAA7FA3C36A919C0" box="[1281,1431,1492,1517]" pageId="2" pageNumber="79">Gilchrist Co.</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="B8586002FF8F9C6AFF31FA1132781A3C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:352E87CFFF8C9C6EFF31FF3F37CF1E1B:B8586002FF8F9C6AFF31FA1132781A3C" box="[151,326,1528,1553]" country="United States of America" county="Gilchrist Co." name="Santa Fe River" pageId="2" pageNumber="79">Santa Fe River</location>
|
||
at
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C5907649FF8F9C6AFED7FA1132AB1A3C" box="[369,405,1529,1553]" name="United States of America" pageId="2" pageNumber="79">US</collectingCountry>
|
||
129,
|
||
<date id="C9391019FF8F9C6AFE7BFA1031611A3C" box="[477,607,1528,1553]" pageId="2" pageNumber="79" value="1996-03-13">
|
||
<collectingDate id="D97DE9F1FF8F9C6AFE7BFA1031611A3C" box="[477,607,1528,1553]" pageId="2" pageNumber="79" value="1996-03-13">13-iii-1996</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="0DEF3C84FF8F9C6AFDC9FA1036A61A3C" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1416632188" box="[623,1432,1528,1553]" collectingDate="1995-06-14" country="United States of America" county="Gilchrist Co." location="Rock Bluff" municipality="Suwannee River" pageId="2" pageNumber="79" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<collectingCounty id="54594E55FF8F9C6AFDC9FA1030381A3C" box="[623,774,1528,1553]" pageId="2" pageNumber="79">Gilchrist Co.</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="5D5CACA3FF8F9C6AFCB0FA1130ED1A3C" box="[790,979,1528,1553]" pageId="2" pageNumber="79">Suwannee River</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
at SR 340 nr
|
||
<location id="B8586002FF8F9C6AFB22FA1036371A3C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:352E87CFFF8C9C6EFF31FF3F37CF1E1B:B8586002FF8F9C6AFB22FA1036371A3C" box="[1156,1289,1528,1553]" country="United States of America" county="Gilchrist Co." municipality="Suwannee River" name="Rock Bluff" pageId="2" pageNumber="79">Rock Bluff</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="C9391019FF8F9C6AFABEFA1036A61A3C" box="[1304,1432,1528,1553]" pageId="2" pageNumber="79" value="1995-06-14">
|
||
<collectingDate id="D97DE9F1FF8F9C6AFABEFA1036A61A3C" box="[1304,1432,1528,1553]" pageId="2" pageNumber="79" value="1995-06-14">14-vi-1995</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="0DEF3C84FF8F9C6AFF31F9F4302A1A18" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1416632182" box="[151,788,1564,1589]" collectingDate="2007-07-25" country="United States of America" location="Cypress Spring" pageId="2" pageNumber="79" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Washington">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="7F43F83BFF8F9C6AFF31F9F432221A18" box="[151,284,1564,1589]" country="United States of America" name="Washington" pageId="2" pageNumber="79">Washington</collectingRegion>
|
||
Co.,
|
||
<location id="B8586002FF8F9C6AFEFFF9F5313B1A18" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:352E87CFFF8C9C6EFF31FF3F37CF1E1B:B8586002FF8F9C6AFEFFF9F5313B1A18" box="[345,517,1564,1589]" country="United States of America" name="Cypress Spring" pageId="2" pageNumber="79" stateProvince="Washington">Cypress Spring</location>
|
||
spring run,
|
||
<date id="C9391019FF8F9C6AFD2AF9F4302A1A18" box="[652,788,1564,1589]" pageId="2" pageNumber="79" value="2007-07-25">
|
||
<collectingDate id="D97DE9F1FF8F9C6AFD2AF9F4302A1A18" box="[652,788,1564,1589]" pageId="2" pageNumber="79" value="2007-07-25">25-vii-2007</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="F59D6552FF8F9C6AFF61F9A8316A1A51" pageId="2" pageNumber="79" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="BD3836D9FF8F9C6AFF61F9A8316A1A51" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2021]" pageId="2" pageNumber="79">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FF3EACBFF8F9C6AFF61F9A832671A74" bold="true" box="[199,345,1600,1625]" pageId="2" pageNumber="79">Distribution</emphasis>
|
||
. Known from the Panhandle of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="7F43F83BFF8F9C6AFD79F9A8300E1A74" box="[735,816,1600,1625]" country="United States of America" name="Florida" pageId="2" pageNumber="79">Florida</collectingRegion>
|
||
south to Lake Okeechobee; I’ve seen a single male assignable to this species from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C5907649FF8F9C6AFE52F98D316E1A51" box="[500,592,1637,1660]" name="Panama" pageId="2" pageNumber="79">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="7F43F83BFF8F9C6AFE52F98D316E1A51" box="[500,592,1637,1660]" country="Panama" name="Panama" pageId="2" pageNumber="79">Panama</collectingRegion>
|
||
</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="F59D6552FF8F9C6AFF61F96032831B1D" pageId="2" pageNumber="79" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="BD3836D9FF8F9C6AFF61F96032831B1D" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2021]" pageId="2" pageNumber="79">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FF3EACBFF8F9C6AFF61F96032701A8C" bold="true" box="[199,334,1672,1697]" pageId="2" pageNumber="79">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
I am honored to name this species for my friend and colleague Jim Hulbert, formerly a biologist with the
|
||
<collectingRegion id="7F43F83BFF8F9C6AFF5CF94432751AE8" box="[250,331,1708,1733]" country="United States of America" name="Florida" pageId="2" pageNumber="79">Florida</collectingRegion>
|
||
Department of Environmental Protection. Jim’s foresight and knowledge of the state bureaucracy made the first of my larval midge identification manuals (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D9164B28FF8F9C6AFCC5F93830D41AC4" author="Epler" box="[867,1002,1744,1769]" pageId="2" pageNumber="79" refString="Epler, J. H. (1992) Identification Manual for the Larval Chironomidae (Diptera) of Florida. Florida Department of Environmental Regulation, Orlando, Florida, 302 pp." type="book" year="1992">Epler 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) possible. This began the series of identification manuals for Florida’s aquatic macroinvertebrates that today covers the majority of freshwater and some inshore marine taxa.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="F59D6552FF8F9C6BFF61F8D433F41BFC" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="80" pageId="2" pageNumber="79" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="BD3836D9FF8F9C6BFF61F8D431661CF8" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2021]" lastBlockId="3.[151,1436,151,213]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="80" pageId="2" pageNumber="79">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FF3EACBFF8F9C6AFF61F8D432711B78" bold="true" box="[199,335,1852,1877]" pageId="2" pageNumber="79">Comments.</emphasis>
|
||
Adults are extremely similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7A874D5AFF8F9C6AFD6DF8D530661B78" box="[715,856,1852,1877]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Dicrotendipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="modestus">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FF3EACBFF8F9C6AFD6DF8D530661B78" box="[715,856,1852,1877]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="79">D. modestus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; genitalia of the two species are indistinguishable from each other. Adult males will key to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7A874D5AFF8F9C6AFDC3F889309D1B54" authority="in Epler (1988)" authorityName="in Epler" authorityYear="1988" box="[613,931,1888,1913]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Dicrotendipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="modestus">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FF3EACBFF8F9C6AFDC3F88931CF1B54" box="[613,753,1888,1913]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="79">D. modestus</emphasis>
|
||
in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D9164B28FF8F9C6AFCB2F888309D1B54" author="Epler" box="[788,931,1888,1913]" pageId="2" pageNumber="79" refString="Epler, J. H. (1988) Biosystematics of the genus Dicrotendipes Kieffer, 1913 (Diptera: Chironomidae: Chironominae) of the World. Memoirs of the American Entomological Society, 36, 1 - 214." type="journal article" year="1988">Epler (1988)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
but may be separated by the lower counts of dorsocentral and squamal setae in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7A874D5AFF8F9C6AFD8DF86D31971BB0" box="[555,681,1924,1949]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Dicrotendipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hulberti">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FF3EACBFF8F9C6AFD8DF86D31971BB0" box="[555,681,1924,1949]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="79">D. hulberti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which has 5–10, mean of 7, dorsocentrals and 2–7, mean of 4, squamal setae. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7A874D5AFF8F9C6AFEF8F84132D91BEC" box="[350,487,1960,1985]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Dicrotendipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="modestus">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FF3EACBFF8F9C6AFEF8F84132D91BEC" box="[350,487,1960,1985]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="79">D. modestus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
these numbers are 12–44, mean of 26, dorsocentrals; and 7–21, mean of 13, squamal setae (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D9164B28FF8F9C6AFF79F82432A41BC8" author="Epler" box="[223,410,1996,2021]" pageId="2" pageNumber="79" refString="Epler, J. H. (1987 a) Revision of the Nearctic Dicrotendipes Kieffer, 1913 (Diptera: Chironomidae). Evolutionary Monographs 9, 102 pp. + 37 plates." type="book" year="1987" yearSuffix="a">Epler 1987a: 70</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In alcohol
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7A874D5AFF8F9C6AFD8FF825319B1BC8" box="[553,677,1996,2021]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Dicrotendipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hulberti">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FF3EACBFF8F9C6AFD8FF825319B1BC8" box="[553,677,1996,2021]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="79">D. hulberti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
may usually be separated from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7A874D5AFF8F9C6AFBB4F82537A01BC8" box="[1042,1182,1996,2021]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Dicrotendipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="modestus">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FF3EACBFF8F9C6AFBB4F82537A01BC8" box="[1042,1182,1996,2021]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="79">D. modestus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by their slightly more delicate habitus and the more restricted pigmentation of the anal point; at higher power it is possible to count the reduced setae of the squama and thorax.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BD3836D9FF8E9C6BFF31F89633F41BFC" blockId="3.[151,1436,1918,2001]" pageId="3" pageNumber="80">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FF3EACBFF8E9C6BFF31F896323D1BB9" bold="true" box="[151,259,1918,1940]" pageId="3" pageNumber="80">PLATE 1.</emphasis>
|
||
Fig. 1.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7A874D5AFF8E9C6BFEF4F89631091BB9" box="[338,567,1918,1940]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Dicrotendipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hulberti">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FF3EACBFF8E9C6BFEF4F89631091BB9" box="[338,567,1918,1940]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="80">Dicrotendipes hulberti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
male, genitalia. Fig. 2.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7A874D5AFF8E9C6BFC8EF89637331BB9" box="[808,1037,1918,1940]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Dicrotendipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hulberti">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FF3EACBFF8E9C6BFC8EF89637331BB9" box="[808,1037,1918,1940]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="80">Dicrotendipes hulberti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
male, superior volsella, ventral. Fig. 3.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7A874D5AFF8E9C6BFF31F87432421B9F" box="[151,380,1948,1970]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Dicrotendipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hulberti">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FF3EACBFF8E9C6BFF31F87432421B9F" box="[151,380,1948,1970]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="80">Dicrotendipes hulberti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
female, apodeme lobe. Figs. 4, 5.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7A874D5AFF8E9C6BFD78F87430FD1B9F" box="[734,963,1948,1970]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Dicrotendipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hulberti">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FF3EACBFF8E9C6BFD78F87430FD1B9F" box="[734,963,1948,1970]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="80">Dicrotendipes hulberti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
pupa, variation of caudolateral spur on tergite VIII.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="F59D6552FF899C6DFF31F87C30F71F77" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="82" pageId="4" pageNumber="81" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="BD3836D9FF899C6CFF31F87C32A41BC0" blockId="4.[151,1436,1940,2029]" pageId="4" pageNumber="81">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FF3EACBFF899C6CFF31F87C323B1B87" bold="true" box="[151,261,1940,1962]" pageId="4" pageNumber="81">PLATE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
Fig. 6.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7A874D5AFF899C6CFEFCF87C317F1B87" box="[346,577,1940,1962]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Dicrotendipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hulberti">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FF3EACBFF899C6CFEFCF87C317F1B87" box="[346,577,1940,1962]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="81">Dicrotendipes hulberti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
larva, mentum and ventromental plate. Fig. 7.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7A874D5AFF899C6CFB96F87C36291B87" box="[1072,1303,1940,1962]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Dicrotendipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hulberti">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FF3EACBFF899C6CFB96F87C36291B87" box="[1072,1303,1940,1962]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="81">Dicrotendipes hulberti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
larva, frons, anterior margin. Fig. 8.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7A874D5AFF899C6CFE29F85E31481BE1" box="[399,630,1974,1996]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Dicrotendipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hulberti">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FF3EACBFF899C6CFE29F85E31481BE1" box="[399,630,1974,1996]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="81">Dicrotendipes hulberti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
larva, antenna. fig. 9.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7A874D5AFF899C6CFCC5F85E37771BE1" box="[867,1097,1974,1996]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Dicrotendipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hulberti">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FF3EACBFF899C6CFCC5F85E37771BE1" box="[867,1097,1974,1996]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="81">Dicrotendipes hulberti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
larva, mandible (setae of pecten mandibularis not shown).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BD3836D9FF889C6DFF61FF7030B71C9D" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,2032]" box="[199,905,151,180]" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">On two males, R4+5 had only 2 setae, near the apex of the wing.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BD3836D9FF889C6DFF61FF5737B01D33" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,2032]" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">
|
||
Pupae may be impossible to separate from those of some
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7A874D5AFF889C6DFC31FF5737AE1CFA" authority="Kieffer" authorityName="Kieffer" box="[919,1168,190,215]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Dicrotendipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tritomus">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FF3EACBFF889C6DFC31FF5737201CFB" box="[919,1054,191,214]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">D. tritomus</emphasis>
|
||
(Kieffer)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with a single T VIII caudolateral spur. Pupae are also similar to those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7A874D5AFF889C6DFD44FF0B30521CD7" box="[738,876,225,250]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Dicrotendipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="modestus">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FF3EACBFF889C6DFD44FF0B30521CD7" box="[738,876,225,250]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">D. modestus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7A874D5AFF889C6DFC02FF0B37EC1CD7" authority="Malloch" authorityName="Malloch" box="[932,1234,225,250]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Dicrotendipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="neomodestus">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FF3EACBFF889C6DFC02FF0B37691CD7" box="[932,1111,225,250]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">D. neomodestus</emphasis>
|
||
(Malloch)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but those species usually possess a sinuate caudolateral spur on T VIII; that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7A874D5AFF889C6DFCE2FEEE30811D33" box="[836,959,261,286]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Dicrotendipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hulberti">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FF3EACBFF889C6DFCE2FEEE30811D33" box="[836,959,261,286]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">D. hulberti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is mostly straight.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BD3836D9FF889C6DFF61FEC131891D9C" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,2032]" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">
|
||
Larvae are keyed as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7A874D5AFF889C6DFE13FEC0316D1D6C" box="[437,595,296,321]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Dicrotendipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FF3EACBFF889C6DFE13FEC0316D1D6C" box="[437,595,296,321]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">Dicrotendipes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. A in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D9164B28FF889C6DFD64FEC030721D6C" author="Epler" box="[706,844,296,321]" pageId="5" pageNumber="82" refString="Epler, J. H. (1992) Identification Manual for the Larval Chironomidae (Diptera) of Florida. Florida Department of Environmental Regulation, Orlando, Florida, 302 pp." type="book" year="1992">Epler (1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D9164B28FF889C6DFCFFFEC030AA1D6C" author="Epler" box="[857,916,296,321]" pageId="5" pageNumber="82" refString="Epler, J. H. (1995) Identification Manual for the Larval Chironomidae (Diptera) of Florida. Revised edition. Florida Department of Environmental Protection, Tallahassee, Florida. 317 pp." type="book" year="1995">1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D9164B28FF889C6DFC07FEC130E31D6C" author="Epler" box="[929,989,297,321]" pageId="5" pageNumber="82" refString="Epler, J. H. (2001) Identification Manual for the larval Chironomidae (Diptera) of North and South Carolina. A guide to the taxonomy of the midges of the southeastern United States, including Florida. Special Publication SJ 2001 - SP 13. North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources, Raleigh, North Carolina, and St. Johns River Water Management District, Palatka, Florida, 526 pp." type="book" year="2001">2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). They are distinguished by having the second lateral teeth of the mentum closely appressed/fused to the first lateral teeth and the 6th lateral teeth are reduced or fused to the 5th lateral teeth. In addition, the proximal inner mandibular tooth is directed mediad, rather than slanting forward as the other inner teeth do.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BD3836D9FF889C6DFF61FE5532E71E13" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,2032]" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">
|
||
I have found larvae of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7A874D5AFF889C6DFE6CFE5531781DF8" box="[458,582,444,469]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Dicrotendipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hulberti">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FF3EACBFF889C6DFE6CFE5531781DF8" box="[458,582,444,469]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">D. hulberti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7A874D5AFF889C6DFDD8FE5530371DF8" box="[638,777,444,469]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Dicrotendipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="modestus">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FF3EACBFF889C6DFDD8FE5530371DF8" box="[638,777,444,469]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">D. modestus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the same sample. Little is known of the biology of this new species. Larvae have been associated with aquatic plants such as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7A874D5AFF889C6DFC72FE0836A21DD5" authority="(Spreng.) Magnus" authorityName="(Spreng.) Magnus" box="[980,1436,479,504]" class="Liliopsida" family="Hydrocharitaceae" genus="Najas" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="5" pageNumber="82" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="guadalupensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FF3EACBFF889C6DFC72FE0837FC1DD5" box="[980,1218,479,504]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">Najas guadalupensis</emphasis>
|
||
(Spreng.) Magnus
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(family
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7A874D5AFF889C6DFF56FDEB324D1E31" box="[240,371,515,540]" class="Liliopsida" family="Najadaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="5" pageNumber="82" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Najadaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7A874D5AFF889C6DFE16FDEB31AE1E31" box="[432,656,515,540]" class="Liliopsida" family="Hydrocharitaceae" genus="Hydrilla" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="5" pageNumber="82" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="verticillata">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FF3EACBFF889C6DFE16FDEB31AE1E31" box="[432,656,515,540]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">Hydrilla verticillata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(L.f.) Royale (family
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7A874D5AFF889C6DFC20FDEB376F1E31" box="[902,1105,515,540]" class="Liliopsida" family="Hydrocharitaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="5" pageNumber="82" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Hydrocharitaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
); they’ve been collected from lakes, rivers and spring runs.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BD3836D9FF889C6DFF61FDA230F71F77" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,2032]" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7A874D5AFF889C6DFF61FDA232F61E4E" box="[199,456,586,611]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Dicrotendipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hulberti">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FF3EACBFF889C6DFF61FDA232F61E4E" box="[199,456,586,611]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">Dicrotendipes hulberti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a member of a group of species (the “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7A874D5AFF889C6DFC16FDA237FE1E4E" box="[944,1216,586,611]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Dicrotendipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="modestus">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FF3EACBFF889C6DFC16FDA237FE1E4E" box="[944,1216,586,611]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">Dicrotendipes modestus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group”) that share similar morphology in the adult, pupal and larval stages. As adult males
|
||
<emphasis id="8FF3EACBFF889C6DFC67FD8636AB1EAB" box="[961,1429,621,646]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7A874D5AFF889C6DFC67FD8637011EAB" box="[961,1087,621,646]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Dicrotendipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hulberti">D. hulberti</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7A874D5AFF889C6DFBECFD8637E91EAB" box="[1098,1239,621,646]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Dicrotendipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="modestus">D. modestus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7A874D5AFF889C6DFB44FD8636AB1EAB" box="[1250,1429,621,646]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Dicrotendipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="neomodestus">D. neomodestus</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, and “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7A874D5AFF889C6DFF73FD7A328C1E84" authority="Walker" authorityName="Walker" box="[213,434,656,681]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Dicrotendipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pulsus">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FF3EACBFF889C6DFF73FD7A327D1E84" box="[213,323,656,681]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">D. pulsus</emphasis>
|
||
(Walker)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
” are the most similar, but in the Nearctic the group also includes
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7A874D5AFF889C6DFB15FD7A364C1E84" authority="Epler" authorityName="Epler" box="[1203,1394,656,681]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Dicrotendipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="adnilus">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FF3EACBFF889C6DFB15FD7A36141E84" box="[1203,1322,656,681]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">D. adnilus</emphasis>
|
||
Epler
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7A874D5AFF889C6DFA27FD7A32911EE0" authority="Johannsen" authorityName="Johannsen" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Dicrotendipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="californicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FF3EACBFF889C6DFA27FD7A32231EE0" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">D. californicus</emphasis>
|
||
(Johannsen)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7A874D5AFF889C6DFE1DFD5D31B61EE0" authority="Epler" authorityName="Epler" box="[443,648,692,717]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Dicrotendipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crypticus">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FF3EACBFF889C6DFE1DFD5D317A1EE1" box="[443,580,693,716]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">D. crypticus</emphasis>
|
||
Epler
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7A874D5AFF889C6DFD67FD5D30F81EE0" authority="Epler" authorityName="Epler" box="[705,966,692,717]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Dicrotendipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thanatogratus">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FF3EACBFF889C6DFD67FD5D30BF1EE0" box="[705,897,692,717]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">D. thanatogratus</emphasis>
|
||
Epler
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
based on genitalia similarities (all have a pediform superior volsella). Pupae of all of these species share the character of one to two horizontal bands of fine, clear spinules on sternites I–II, and sometimes III. Note that this pupal character is also found in at least two other species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7A874D5AFF889C6DFF53FCC8324A1F1A" box="[245,372,800,823]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Dicrotendipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tritomus">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FF3EACBFF889C6DFF53FCC8324A1F1A" box="[245,372,800,823]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">D. tritomus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7A874D5AFF889C6DFE0FFCC831B71F1A" authority="Kieffer" authorityName="Kieffer" box="[425,649,798,823]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Dicrotendipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lobiger">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FF3EACBFF889C6DFE0FFCC831221F1A" box="[425,540,798,823]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">D. lobiger</emphasis>
|
||
(Kieffer)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7A874D5AFF889C6DFD32FCC8302C1F1A" box="[660,786,800,823]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Dicrotendipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tritomus">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FF3EACBFF889C6DFD32FCC8302C1F1A" box="[660,786,800,823]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">D. tritomus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is closely related but lacks the pediform superior volsella;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7A874D5AFF889C6DFF31FCAB32341F76" box="[151,266,834,859]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Dicrotendipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lobiger">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FF3EACBFF889C6DFF31FCAB32341F76" box="[151,266,834,859]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">D. lobiger</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
belongs to a different clade within the genus (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D9164B28FF889C6DFC9AFCAA30821F77" author="Epler" box="[828,956,834,859]" pageId="5" pageNumber="82" refString="Epler, J. H. (1988) Biosystematics of the genus Dicrotendipes Kieffer, 1913 (Diptera: Chironomidae: Chironominae) of the World. Memoirs of the American Entomological Society, 36, 1 - 214." type="journal article" year="1988">Epler 1988</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="F59D6552FF889C6DFF61FC8D3622185B" pageId="5" pageNumber="82" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="BD3836D9FF889C6DFF61FC8D30A61FC4" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,2032]" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7A874D5AFF889C6DFF61FC8D328C1F53" ID-CoL="69V4D" box="[199,434,869,894]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Dicrotendipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pulsus">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FF3EACBFF889C6DFF61FC8D328C1F53" box="[199,434,869,894]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">Dicrotendipes pulsus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7A874D5AFF889C6DFE78FC8F31591F53" ID-CoL="6D64G" box="[478,615,869,894]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Dicrotendipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="modestus">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FF3EACBFF889C6DFE78FC8F31591F53" box="[478,615,869,894]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">D. modestus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, was last described in the adult male, pupa and larva stages by Contreras-
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D9164B28FF889C6DFF31FC6132481F8F" author="Lichtenberg" box="[151,374,905,930]" pageId="5" pageNumber="82" refString="Contreras-Lichtenberg, R. (1986) Revision der in der Westpalaarktis verbreiteten Arten des Genus Dicrotendipes Kieffer, 1913 (Diptera, Nematocera, Chironomidae). Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien, 88 / 89, 663 - 726." type="journal article" year="1986">Lichtenberg (1986)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; she used information from
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D9164B28FF889C6DFD60FC6130661F8C" author="Epler" box="[710,856,905,930]" pageId="5" pageNumber="82" refString="Epler, J. H. (1983) Taxonomic revision of the Nearctic Dicrotendipes Kieffer, 1913 (Diptera: Chironomidae). M. Sc. thesis, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, 283 pp." type="book" year="1983">Epler (1983)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and placed
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7A874D5AFF889C6DFC4DFC6237641F8F" ID-CoL="69V4D" box="[1003,1114,905,930]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Dicrotendipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pulsus">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FF3EACBFF889C6DFC4DFC6237641F8F" box="[1003,1114,905,930]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">D. pulsus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as a junior synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7A874D5AFF889C6DFA27FC6233C11FE8" ID-CoL="6D64G" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Dicrotendipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="modestus">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FF3EACBFF889C6DFA27FC6233C11FE8" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">D. modestus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. However,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D9164B28FF889C6DFE25FC44312C1FE8" author="Epler" box="[387,530,940,965]" pageId="5" pageNumber="82" refString="Epler, J. H. (1983) Taxonomic revision of the Nearctic Dicrotendipes Kieffer, 1913 (Diptera: Chironomidae). M. Sc. thesis, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, 283 pp." type="book" year="1983">Epler (1983)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
is an unpublished Master’s thesis; this information was eventually published as
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D9164B28FF889C6DFF31FC38320A1FC5" author="Epler" box="[151,308,976,1001]" pageId="5" pageNumber="82" refString="Epler, J. H. (1987 a) Revision of the Nearctic Dicrotendipes Kieffer, 1913 (Diptera: Chironomidae). Evolutionary Monographs 9, 102 pp. + 37 plates." type="book" year="1987" yearSuffix="a">Epler (1987a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, thus the date of synonymy of the two species is 1986.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BD3836D9FF889C6DFF61FC1C3622185B" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,2032]" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D9164B28FF889C6DFF61FC1C32DA1821" author="Langton" box="[199,484,1011,1036]" pageId="5" pageNumber="82" refString="Langton, P. H. & Visser, H. (2003) Chironomidae exuviae - a key to pupal exuviae of the West Palaearctic Region. CD - ROM, Expert Center for Taxonomic Information, Amsterdam." type="book" year="2003">Langton & Visser (2003)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
used the name
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7A874D5AFF889C6DFD3FFC1D30AD1821" ID-CoL="5XV3G" authority="Walker" authorityName="Walker" box="[665,915,1011,1036]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Dicrotendipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="objectans">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FF3EACBFF889C6DFD3FFC1D30171821" box="[665,809,1011,1036]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">D. objectans</emphasis>
|
||
(Walker)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
instead of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7A874D5AFF889C6DFBB2FC1D379E1821" ID-CoL="6D64G" box="[1044,1184,1011,1036]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Dicrotendipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="modestus">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FF3EACBFF889C6DFBB2FC1D379E1821" box="[1044,1184,1011,1036]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">D. modestus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
for this taxon in their key for West Palaearctic pupal exuviae, with no explanation of synonymy. In his previous key, upon which the key in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D9164B28FF889C6DFF12FBD332F2187E" author="Langton" box="[180,460,1082,1107]" pageId="5" pageNumber="82" refString="Langton, P. H. & Visser, H. (2003) Chironomidae exuviae - a key to pupal exuviae of the West Palaearctic Region. CD - ROM, Expert Center for Taxonomic Information, Amsterdam." type="book" year="2003">Langton & Visser (2003)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
is based,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D9164B28FF889C6DFD9CFBD331D6187E" author="Langton" box="[570,744,1083,1107]" pageId="5" pageNumber="82" refString="Langton, P. H. (1991) A key to pupal exuviae of West Palaearctic Chironomidae. Huntingdon (privately published), 386 pp." type="book" year="1991">Langton (1991)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
used “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7A874D5AFF889C6DFC90FBD330FE187E" ID-CoL="6D64G" box="[822,960,1082,1107]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Dicrotendipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="modestus">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FF3EACBFF889C6DFC90FBD330FE187E" box="[822,960,1082,1107]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">D. modestus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
” in a similar couplet. Note that later
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D9164B28FF889C6DFAF9FBD2326D185B" author="Spies" pageId="5" pageNumber="82" refString="Spies, M. & Saether, O. A. (2004) Notes and recommendations on taxonomy and nomenclature of Chironomidae (Diptera). Zootaxa, 752, 1 - 90." type="journal article" year="2004">Spies & Saether (2004)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
pointed out that the name “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7A874D5AFF889C6DFD2CFBB531CB185B" ID-CoL="5XV3G" box="[650,757,1117,1142]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Dicrotendipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="objectans">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FF3EACBFF889C6DFD2CFBB531CB185B" box="[650,757,1117,1142]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">objectans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
” was incorrect and that “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7A874D5AFF889C6DFBB5FBB53765185B" ID-CoL="69V4D" box="[1043,1115,1117,1142]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Dicrotendipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pulsus">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FF3EACBFF889C6DFBB5FBB53765185B" box="[1043,1115,1117,1142]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">pulsus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
” should be used.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="F59D6552FF889C6EFF61FB6937CF1E1B" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="83" pageId="5" pageNumber="82" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="BD3836D9FF889C6DFF61FB6937721929" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,2032]" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">
|
||
Apparently
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D9164B28FF889C6DFEEAFB6A315B18B7" author="Langton" box="[332,613,1153,1178]" pageId="5" pageNumber="82" refString="Langton, P. H. & Visser, H. (2003) Chironomidae exuviae - a key to pupal exuviae of the West Palaearctic Region. CD - ROM, Expert Center for Taxonomic Information, Amsterdam." type="book" year="2003">Langton & Visser (2003)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
based their synonymy on a couplet in an unpublished manuscript key for Nearctic pupal exuviae by “Langton, Coffman & Oliver” that has been available in one form or another for many years. There is a note on the front page that states “Publication expected in 1996”, but this key has yet to be published. In the manuscript’s
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7A874D5AFF889C6DFE49FB0331B11929" box="[495,655,1259,1284]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Chironominae">Chironominae</taxonomicName>
|
||
chapter, under couplet 81 it was stated:
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BD3836D9FF889C6DFF61FAE7306319BF" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,2032]" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">
|
||
“
|
||
<emphasis id="8FF3EACBFF889C6DFF75FAF8306319BF" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7A874D5AFF889C6DFF75FAF832021905" box="[211,316,1295,1320]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Dicrotendipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pulsus">D. pulsus</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been synonymized with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7A874D5AFF889C6DFDDDFAE731DD1905" box="[635,739,1295,1320]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Dicrotendipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="modestus">modestus</taxonomicName>
|
||
by Epler, but the pupae are consistently different in the size of the cephalic tubercle, which is over twice the size in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7A874D5AFF889C6DFCA5FADA30751966" box="[771,843,1330,1355]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Dicrotendipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pulsus">pulsus</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7A874D5AFF889C6DFCFAFADC30F71966" box="[860,969,1330,1355]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Dicrotendipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pulsus">D. pulsus</taxonomicName>
|
||
is also a much less variable taxon. The median point patches usually nearly reach D2 on IV and V, whereas in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7A874D5AFF889C6DFC15FABE37251942" box="[947,1051,1366,1391]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Dicrotendipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="modestus">modestus</taxonomicName>
|
||
they never (?) extend that far. The specimens recorded below accord well with Palaearctic
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7A874D5AFF889C6DFCA8FA91306719BF" box="[782,857,1401,1426]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Dicrotendipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pulsus">pulsus</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BD3836D9FF889C6DFF61FA753148199B" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,2032]" box="[199,630,1437,1462]" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FF3EACBFF889C6DFF61FA753154199B" box="[199,618,1437,1462]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">Lake. May. [WPC M48.97, M51.55]</emphasis>
|
||
”
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BD3836D9FF889C6DFF61FA28318B1A0D" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,2032]" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">
|
||
The last numbers refer to specimens in Coffman’s collection; material was from Somerset and Warren Counties in Pennsylvania (Carlos de la Rosa, pers. comm.
|
||
<date id="C9391019FF889C6DFCFBFA0C30F619D0" box="[861,968,1508,1533]" pageId="5" pageNumber="82" value="2016-10-05">5-x-2016</date>
|
||
). Thus, the authors considered both
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7A874D5AFF889C6DFA27FA0D33C11A0D" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Dicrotendipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="modestus">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FF3EACBFF889C6DFA27FA0D33C11A0D" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">D. modestus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7A874D5AFF889C6DFE93F9E032A11A0D" box="[309,415,1543,1568]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Dicrotendipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pulsus">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FF3EACBFF889C6DFE93F9E032A11A0D" box="[309,415,1543,1568]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">D. pulsus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to occur in the Nearctic.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BD3836D9FF889C6DFF61F9C3304A1AFC" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,2032]" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D9164B28FF889C6DFF61F9C3325B1A6E" author="Epler" box="[199,357,1579,1604]" pageId="5" pageNumber="82" refString="Epler, J. H. (1987 a) Revision of the Nearctic Dicrotendipes Kieffer, 1913 (Diptera: Chironomidae). Evolutionary Monographs 9, 102 pp. + 37 plates." type="book" year="1987" yearSuffix="a">Epler (1987a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
did not include measurements for pupal cephalic tubercles. I have re-examined some of the material used in the revision, from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="7F43F83BFF889C6DFD8BF9A631A61A4A" box="[557,664,1614,1639]" country="United States of America" name="Colorado" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">Colorado</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="7F43F83BFF889C6DFD00F9A631C91A4A" box="[678,759,1614,1639]" country="United States of America" name="Florida" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">Florida</collectingRegion>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="7F43F83BFF889C6DFC97F9A630F81A4A" box="[817,966,1614,1639]" country="United States of America" name="Pennsylvania" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">Pennsylvania</collectingRegion>
|
||
in the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C5907649FF889C6DFBBDF9A7376D1A4A" box="[1051,1107,1615,1639]" name="United States of America" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="7F43F83BFF889C6DFB28F9A637C21A4A" box="[1166,1276,1614,1639]" country="Canada" name="Manitoba" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">Manitoba</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C5907649FF889C6DFAAFF9A6365E1A4A" box="[1289,1376,1614,1639]" name="Canada" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">Canada</collectingCountry>
|
||
, plus additional more recent material. Utilizing only associated male/Pex/Lex material (n=6), I found a range of 63–193, mean 115 µm for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7A874D5AFF889C6DFEC6F97F32D41A83" box="[352,490,1685,1710]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Dicrotendipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="modestus">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FF3EACBFF889C6DFEC6F97F32D41A83" box="[352,490,1685,1710]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">D. modestus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
cephalic tubercle length.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D9164B28FF889C6DFCAAF97D37651A83" author="Contreras-Lichtenberg" box="[780,1115,1685,1710]" pageId="5" pageNumber="82" refString="Contreras-Lichtenberg, R. (1986) Revision der in der Westpalaarktis verbreiteten Arten des Genus Dicrotendipes Kieffer, 1913 (Diptera, Nematocera, Chironomidae). Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien, 88 / 89, 663 - 726." type="journal article" year="1986">Contreras-Lichtenberg (1986)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
gave measurements of 157– 223 µm for pupal cephalic tubercles in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7A874D5AFF889C6DFDE9F95231E71AFC" box="[591,729,1720,1745]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Dicrotendipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="modestus">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FF3EACBFF889C6DFDE9F95231E71AFC" box="[591,729,1720,1745]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">D. modestus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(= “
|
||
<emphasis id="8FF3EACBFF889C6DFCAAF950305A1AFC" box="[780,868,1720,1745]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7A874D5AFF889C6DFCAAF95030651AFC" box="[780,859,1720,1745]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Dicrotendipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pulsus">pulsus</taxonomicName>
|
||
”
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BD3836D9FF889C6DFF61F934312F1B12" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,2032]" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">The extent of the “median point patches” on IV and V was also investigated. The majority of specimens had the median point patches extending to the level of D2, even as far as D1; the patches also often contained the D2 seta within the area of the point patch.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BD3836D9FF889C6DFF61F8A132CB1BC2" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,2032]" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D9164B28FF889C6DFF61F8A1325F1B4F" author="Epler" box="[199,353,1865,1890]" pageId="5" pageNumber="82" refString="Epler, J. H. (1987 a) Revision of the Nearctic Dicrotendipes Kieffer, 1913 (Diptera: Chironomidae). Evolutionary Monographs 9, 102 pp. + 37 plates." type="book" year="1987" yearSuffix="a">Epler (1987a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
had examined “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7A874D5AFF889C6DFDBEF8A131611B4F" box="[536,607,1865,1890]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Dicrotendipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pulsus">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FF3EACBFF889C6DFDBEF8A131611B4F" box="[536,607,1865,1890]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">pulsus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
” material from Great Britain (the holotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7A874D5AFF889C6DFBC1F8A137911B4F" box="[1127,1199,1865,1890]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Dicrotendipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pulsus">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FF3EACBFF889C6DFBC1F8A137911B4F" box="[1127,1199,1865,1890]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">pulsus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), West Germany and Italy, which included some associated material. I also re-examined 3 males of “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7A874D5AFF889C6DFBF3F88637FB1BA8" box="[1109,1221,1900,1925]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Dicrotendipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pulsus">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FF3EACBFF889C6DFBF3F88637FB1BA8" box="[1109,1221,1900,1925]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">D. pulsus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
” from Germany’s Bodensee; they do not differ from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7A874D5AFF889C6DFD97F87931811B84" box="[561,703,1936,1961]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Dicrotendipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="modestus">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FF3EACBFF889C6DFD97F87931811B84" box="[561,703,1936,1961]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">D. modestus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as defined by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D9164B28FF889C6DFCD5F878372F1B84" author="Epler" box="[883,1041,1936,1961]" pageId="5" pageNumber="82" refString="Epler, J. H. (1987 a) Revision of the Nearctic Dicrotendipes Kieffer, 1913 (Diptera: Chironomidae). Evolutionary Monographs 9, 102 pp. + 37 plates." type="book" year="1987" yearSuffix="a">Epler (1987a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(i.e., they had numerous thoracic dorsocentral setae and squamal setae). Note that Contreras-Lichtenberg (1996) did not include adult thoracic setal counts or squamal setal counts.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BD3836D9FF8B9C6EFF61FF7F37401CF9" blockId="6.[151,1436,151,567]" pageId="6" pageNumber="83">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D9164B28FF8B9C6EFF61FF7F32591C9D" author="Epler" box="[199,359,151,176]" pageId="6" pageNumber="83" refString="Epler, J. H. (1987 a) Revision of the Nearctic Dicrotendipes Kieffer, 1913 (Diptera: Chironomidae). Evolutionary Monographs 9, 102 pp. + 37 plates." type="book" year="1987" yearSuffix="a">Epler (1987a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
recognized significant variation in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7A874D5AFF8B9C6EFCA9FF7130A11C9D" box="[783,927,151,176]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Dicrotendipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="modestus">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FF3EACBFF8B9C6EFCA9FF7130A11C9D" box="[783,927,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="83">D. modestus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, based on the study of over 80 associated specimens from much of the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C5907649FF8B9C6EFE7BFF53314D1CF9" box="[477,627,187,212]" name="United States of America" pageId="6" pageNumber="83">United States</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C5907649FF8B9C6EFD0FFF53303E1CF9" box="[681,768,187,212]" name="Canada" pageId="6" pageNumber="83">Canada</collectingCountry>
|
||
, in addition to hundreds of adults.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BD3836D9FF8B9C6EFF61FF3632D41D4F" blockId="6.[151,1436,151,567]" pageId="6" pageNumber="83">
|
||
Thus, if
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7A874D5AFF8B9C6EFE8FFF08328B1CDA" box="[297,437,222,247]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Dicrotendipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="modestus">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FF3EACBFF8B9C6EFE8FFF08328B1CDA" box="[297,437,222,247]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="83">D. modestus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is as variable as
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D9164B28FF8B9C6EFDD8FF3630251CDA" author="Epler" box="[638,795,222,247]" pageId="6" pageNumber="83" refString="Epler, J. H. (1987 a) Revision of the Nearctic Dicrotendipes Kieffer, 1913 (Diptera: Chironomidae). Evolutionary Monographs 9, 102 pp. + 37 plates." type="book" year="1987" yearSuffix="a">Epler (1987a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
stated, the characters given in the Langton, Coffman & Oliver manuscript key do not separate
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7A874D5AFF8B9C6EFDF4FEEB31E01D36" box="[594,734,258,283]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Dicrotendipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="modestus">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FF3EACBFF8B9C6EFDF4FEEB31E01D36" box="[594,734,258,283]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="83">D. modestus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7A874D5AFF8B9C6EFC83FEEB30AE1D36" box="[805,912,258,283]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Dicrotendipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pulsus">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FF3EACBFF8B9C6EFC83FEEB30AE1D36" box="[805,912,258,283]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="83">D. pulsus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. With no published criteria to justify splitting the species, especially with no inclusion of characters from other life stages, I consider the synonymy proposed by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D9164B28FF8B9C6EFF31FEA1320F1D4C" author="Epler" box="[151,305,329,354]" pageId="6" pageNumber="83" refString="Epler, J. H. (1987 a) Revision of the Nearctic Dicrotendipes Kieffer, 1913 (Diptera: Chironomidae). Evolutionary Monographs 9, 102 pp. + 37 plates." type="book" year="1987" yearSuffix="a">Epler (1987a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
to remain valid.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BD3836D9FF8B9C6EFF61FE8537CF1E1B" blockId="6.[151,1436,151,567]" pageId="6" pageNumber="83">
|
||
No doubt more cryptic species may occur within the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7A874D5AFF8B9C6EFCE9FE8630E11DA8" box="[847,991,364,389]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Dicrotendipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="modestus">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FF3EACBFF8B9C6EFCE9FE8630E11DA8" box="[847,991,364,389]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="83">D. modestus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group. In over 35 years of studying
|
||
<emphasis id="8FF3EACBFF8B9C6EFF31FE7832051D84" box="[151,315,400,425]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="83">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7A874D5AFF8B9C6EFF31FE7832061D84" box="[151,312,400,425]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Dicrotendipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Dicrotendipes</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
I have found that pupae offer the most ambiguous characters for species discrimination within the genus—here is just too much overlap of counts, measurements and shagreen patterns between some species, especially in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7A874D5AFF8B9C6EFEF3FE3032DE1DDD" box="[341,480,471,496]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Dicrotendipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="modestus">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FF3EACBFF8B9C6EFEF3FE3032DE1DDD" box="[341,480,471,496]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="83">D. modestus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group. This paper demonstrates that by using at least two life stages, in the instance of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7A874D5AFF8B9C6EFF13FE12326D1E3E" box="[181,339,506,531]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Dicrotendipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FF3EACBFF8B9C6EFF13FE12326D1E3E" box="[181,339,506,531]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="83">Dicrotendipes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the adult and larva, it may be possible to delimit new species within the group. An in-depth study of these taxa throughout the Holarctic would be necessary, a project beyond the scope of this paper.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |