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<document id="F68CA357AE1841587B39E0119E815E1C" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.176154" ID-GBIF-Dataset="809dd7d7-60a9-4f37-8bab-181e5ce4d2f0" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="176154" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1459828830773" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Kajihara, Hiroshi" docDate="2007" docId="03E32426FFDE8E27FF455644AE0EE005" docLanguage="en" docName="zt01446p058.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1446" docStyle="DocumentStyle:6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0.4:Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleId="6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Nemertopsis mitellicola Kajihara, 2007, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="56" masterDocId="FFDA5C5EFFD68E2AFFD25078AF5DE74F" masterDocTitle="Two species of Nemertopsis (Nemertea: Hoplonemertea: Monostilifera) living in association with Capitulum mitella (Crustacea: Cirripedia: Thoracica: Lepadomorpha)" masterLastPageNumber="58" masterPageNumber="43" pageNumber="51" updateTime="1698222638870" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="C22028BEF8FCC68348C6302A5B8172AC">Two species of Nemertopsis (Nemertea: Hoplonemertea: Monostilifera) living in association with Capitulum mitella (Crustacea: Cirripedia: Thoracica: Lepadomorpha)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="D1514EBC5539C8DE16DE7B784D04C18E" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="DE443A9EA9E5F61A229A154017941D91">Kajihara, Hiroshi</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="40A6846AB5EDAEDD599E95F2E76080C6">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:part id="43DD191D9E010B66CE9AB45B0179E84B">
<mods:date id="4C1AA6ABB50459DCD1C4EF8C6C21FA47">2007</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="122FF54F5EE626DE624F09C5D3099915">1446</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="5622EF71A9E092ECD4C97B6C43561F47">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="9E5288B9037C64356C045290B493F3BB" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.176154</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="7F87CF6A06E9100398FE1908BAF4C67C" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03E32426FFDE8E27FF455644AE0EE005" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6246625" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119357386" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6246625" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:8CBE37B7-4C39-4F77-8D97-077B888FA822" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E32426FFDE8E27FF455644AE0EE005" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="56" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">
<subSubSection id="C350C6BBFFDE8E22FF455644ADFAE119" box="[151,679,1596,1622]" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BF59530FFDE8E22FF455644ADFAE119" blockId="8.[151,679,1596,1622]" box="[151,679,1596,1622]" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">
<heading id="D0BD225CFFDE8E22FF455644ADFAE119" bold="true" box="[151,679,1596,1622]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B93E4922FFDE8E22FF455644ADFAE119" bold="true" box="[151,679,1596,1622]" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">
<taxonomicName id="4C4AEEB3FFDE8E22FF455644AEEEE119" box="[151,435,1596,1622]" class="Enopla" family="Emplectonematidae" genus="Nemertopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monostilifera" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" phylum="Nemertea" rank="species" species="mitellicola" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B93E4922FFDE8E22FF455644AEEEE119" bold="true" box="[151,435,1596,1622]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">Nemertopsis mitellicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20DF459FFDE8E22FE685644AD45E119" box="[442,536,1596,1622]" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(
<figureCitation id="137189B5FFDE8E22FDF55644ADC2E119" box="[551,671,1596,1622]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 7" captionStart-1="FIGURE 8" captionStart-2="FIGURE 9" captionStart-3="FIGURE 10" captionStart-4="FIGURE 11" captionStartId-0="9.[151,255,1592,1616]" captionStartId-1="10.[151,255,1195,1219]" captionStartId-2="11.[151,255,1828,1852]" captionStartId-3="13.[151,255,151,175]" captionStartId-4="14.[151,255,1092,1116]" captionTargetBox-0="[325,1262,350,1593]" captionTargetBox-1="[188,1398,634,1171]" captionTargetBox-2="[188,1398,194,1803]" captionTargetBox-4="[188,1398,194,1067]" captionTargetId-0="figure@9.[315,1273,343,1593]" captionTargetId-1="figure@10.[188,1398,634,1171]" captionTargetId-2="figure@11.[188,1398,194,1804]" captionTargetId-4="figure@14.[188,1398,194,1068]" captionTargetPageId-0="9" captionTargetPageId-1="10" captionTargetPageId-2="11" captionTargetPageId-4="14" captionText-0="FIGURE 7. Nemertopsis mitellicola sp. nov. A, drawing of complete specimen. B, enlargement of head viewed dorsally. C, enlargement of head viewed ventrally. D, drawing of central stylet and basis." captionText-1="FIGURE 8. Nemertopsis mitellicola sp. nov. Holotype, ZIHU- 3204. A, transverse section through stomach, showing general arrangement of internal organs. B, enlargement of A, showing mid-dorsal epidermal furrow." captionText-2="FIGURE 9. Nemertopsis mitellicola sp. nov. Holotype, ZIHU- 3204. A, transverse section through stomach region; black arrowheads show longitudinal muscle fibres from body-wall longitudinal muscle layer traversing through basophilic submuscular glands, white arrowhead indicates muscular bundle from body-wall longitudinal muscle layer. B, transverse section through posterior portion of brain; arrowheads indicating incomplete inner longitudinal muscle layer. C, transverse section through dorsal cerebral commissure; arrowheads indicating incomplete inner longitudinal muscle layer surrounding brain. D, E, transverse sections through proboscis insertion (indicated by arrowheads)." captionText-3="FIGURE 10. Nemertopsis mitellicola sp. nov. Holotype, ZIHU- 3204. A, transverse section showing apical organ and proboscis pore. B, transverse section through pre-cerebral region, showing anterior ocellus, cerebral organ, oesophagus, and rhynchodaeum; arrowhead indicating longitudinal muscle fibre around oesophagus. C, transverse section through intestinal region; arrowheads indicating proboscis nerves. D, transverse section through intestinal caecum; arrowhead indicating its lateral diverticulum. E, transverse section showing vascular plug. F, transverse section showing nephridiopore; arrowheads indicating spherical Orange-G-staining acidophilic glandular cells." captionText-4="FIGURE 11. Nemertopsis mitellicola sp. nov. A, holotype, ZIHU- 3204, transverse section through intestinal region showing two ova in ovary. B, paratype, ZIHU- 3205, transverse section through intestinal region showing testis." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/176159/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/176160/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/176161/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/176162/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">Figs 7–11</figureCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C350C6BBFFDE8E22FF4556FFAC85E186" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BF59530FFDE8E22FF4556FFAC85E186" blockId="8.[151,1436,1671,2017]" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">
<emphasis id="B93E4922FFDE8E22FF4556FFAE40E1EF" box="[151,285,1671,1696]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">Etymology:</emphasis>
The specific name indicates the host organism of the new species, the gooseneck barnacle,
<emphasis id="B93E4922FFDE8E22FA8356FFAE76E187" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">Capitulum mitella</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFDBE8C1FFDE8E22FEEB56D7AEACE186" author="Linnaeus" box="[313,497,1711,1737]" pageId="8" pageNumber="58" refString="Linnaeus, C. (1767) Systema Naturae, Tom. I. Pars II. Editio Duodecima, Reformata. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae, pp. 533 - 1327." type="book chapter" year="1767">Linnaeus, 1767</bibRefCitation>
) (Cirripedia: Thoracica: Lepadomorpha).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C350C6BBFFDE8E23FF1456AFAF8AE665" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="52" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BF59530FFDE8E22FF1456AFADF7E0DE" blockId="8.[151,1436,1671,2017]" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">
<emphasis id="B93E4922FFDE8E22FF1456AFAEFBE1BF" box="[198,422,1751,1776]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">Material examined</emphasis>
: Three specimens, collected among barnacles along with the above described specimens of
<taxonomicName id="4C4AEEB3FFDE8E22FED05687AD0EE057" box="[258,595,1791,1816]" class="Enopla" family="Emplectonematidae" genus="Nemertopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monostilifera" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" phylum="Nemertea" rank="species" species="quadripunctata">
<emphasis id="B93E4922FFDE8E22FED05687AD0EE057" box="[258,595,1791,1816]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">Nemertopsis quadripunctata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<date id="FFF4B3F0FFDE8E22FDB45687ADA5E056" box="[614,760,1791,1817]" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" value="1999-07-08">8 July 1999</date>
.
<typeStatus id="54F12B92FFDE8E22FCD45687AC2BE056" box="[774,886,1791,1817]" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
, ZIHU-3204, serial transverse sections of the complete body, total 52 slides: 6 µm, anterior end of body (
<quantity id="4CB238D5FFDE8E22FC8C575FACC5E00E" box="[862,920,1831,1857]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" unit="cm" value="1.0">1 cm</quantity>
long), 12 slides; 8 µm, rest of the body, 40 slides.
<typeStatus id="54F12B92FFDE8E22FF3B5737AE02E026" box="[233,351,1871,1897]" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
: ZIHU-3205, serial transverse sections of head (
<quantity id="4CB238D5FFDE8E22FC4E5737ACB3E026" box="[924,1006,1871,1897]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" unit="cm" value="1.5">1.5 cm</quantity>
long), 8 µm, 15 slides; ZIHU-3206, serial longitudinal sections, 12 µm, 12 slides.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF59530FFDE8E23FF1457E7AF8AE665" blockId="8.[151,1436,1671,2017]" lastBlockId="9.[151,1437,152,298]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="52" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">
<emphasis id="B93E4922FFDE8E22FF1457E7AEC6E0F7" box="[198,411,1951,1976]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">External features:</emphasis>
Body slender (
<figureCitation id="137189B5FFDE8E22FD8057E7ADC4E0F6" box="[594,665,1951,1977]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="9.[151,255,1592,1616]" captionTargetBox="[325,1262,350,1593]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[315,1273,343,1593]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 7. Nemertopsis mitellicola sp. nov. A, drawing of complete specimen. B, enlargement of head viewed dorsally. C, enlargement of head viewed ventrally. D, drawing of central stylet and basis." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/176159/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
A), up to
<quantity id="4CB238D5FFDE8E22FCDE57E7AC0BE0F6" box="[780,854,1951,1977]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" unit="cm" value="15.0">15 cm</quantity>
long,
<quantity id="4CB238D5FFDE8E22FC7157E7ACA3E0F6" box="[931,1022,1951,1977]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" unit="mm" value="0.4">0.4 mm</quantity>
wide. Head round diamond shape, wider than succeeding body. Four eyes arranged in corners of trapezium (
<figureCitation id="137189B5FFDE8E22FC3C57BFAB68E0AE" box="[1006,1077,1991,2017]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="9.[151,255,1592,1616]" captionTargetBox="[325,1262,350,1593]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[315,1273,343,1593]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 7. Nemertopsis mitellicola sp. nov. A, drawing of complete specimen. B, enlargement of head viewed dorsally. C, enlargement of head viewed ventrally. D, drawing of central stylet and basis." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/176159/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
B). Pair of cephalic furrows on ventral surface of head below anterior eyes, running medially from edge of head, then suddenly curving forward to meet each other near tip of head (
<figureCitation id="137189B5FFDF8E23FD5850B8AD8CE795" box="[650,721,192,218]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="9.[151,255,1592,1616]" captionTargetBox="[325,1262,350,1593]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[315,1273,343,1593]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 7. Nemertopsis mitellicola sp. nov. A, drawing of complete specimen. B, enlargement of head viewed dorsally. C, enlargement of head viewed ventrally. D, drawing of central stylet and basis." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/176159/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="52">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
C). Body colour cream-white. Dark brown cephalic pigment patch, from which two dorsal stripes running posteriorly; these stripes usually faint in posterior portion of body.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF35C5B8FFDF8E23FF455640ACB4E13C" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/176159/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="52" targetBox="[325,1262,350,1593]" targetPageId="9">
<paragraph id="8BF59530FFDF8E23FF455640ACB4E13C" blockId="9.[151,1437,1592,1651]" pageId="9" pageNumber="52">
<emphasis id="B93E4922FFDF8E23FF455640AE44E11F" bold="true" box="[151,281,1592,1616]" pageId="9" pageNumber="52">FIGURE 7.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C4AEEB3FFDF8E23FECD5641AD40E11F" box="[287,541,1593,1616]" class="Enopla" family="Emplectonematidae" genus="Nemertopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monostilifera" pageId="9" pageNumber="52" phylum="Nemertea" rank="species" species="mitellicola" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B93E4922FFDF8E23FECD5641AD40E11F" box="[287,541,1593,1616]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="52">Nemertopsis mitellicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20DF459FFDF8E23FDF15641AD2BE11F" box="[547,630,1593,1616]" pageId="9" pageNumber="52" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
A, drawing of complete specimen. B, enlargement of head viewed dorsally. C, enlargement of head viewed ventrally. D, drawing of central stylet and basis.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C350C6BBFFDF8E27FF1456DEACDDE225" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="56" pageId="9" pageNumber="52" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BF59530FFDF8E20FF1456DEAE02E50D" blockId="9.[151,1436,1702,2008]" lastBlockId="10.[151,1437,152,578]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="53" pageId="9" pageNumber="52">
<emphasis id="B93E4922FFDF8E23FF1456DEADE6E1F0" box="[198,699,1702,1727]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="52">Body wall, musculature, and parenchyma:</emphasis>
Ciliated epidermis (
<figureCitation id="137189B5FFDF8E23FC7C56DEACAEE18F" box="[942,1011,1702,1728]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="10.[151,255,1195,1219]" captionTargetBox="[188,1398,634,1171]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[188,1398,634,1171]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 8. Nemertopsis mitellicola sp. nov. Holotype, ZIHU- 3204. A, transverse section through stomach, showing general arrangement of internal organs. B, enlargement of A, showing mid-dorsal epidermal furrow." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/176160/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="52">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
A), mostly 40–50 µm thick in brain region. Dark staining glandular cells in proximal zone absent. Mid-dorsal epidermal furrow extending from tip of head, becoming shallow and inconspicuous in intestinal region; furrow usually containing acidophilic cells in its basal portion (
<figureCitation id="137189B5FFDF8E23FE165766AD51E077" box="[452,524,1822,1848]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="10.[151,255,1195,1219]" captionTargetBox="[188,1398,634,1171]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[188,1398,634,1171]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 8. Nemertopsis mitellicola sp. nov. Holotype, ZIHU- 3204. A, transverse section through stomach, showing general arrangement of internal organs. B, enlargement of A, showing mid-dorsal epidermal furrow." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/176160/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="52">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
B). Dermis well developed, mostly 3–10 µm thick, its distal surface forming cup-like structures (
<figureCitation id="137189B5FFDF8E23FE50573EAE95E02F" box="[386,456,1862,1888]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="10.[151,255,1195,1219]" captionTargetBox="[188,1398,634,1171]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[188,1398,634,1171]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 8. Nemertopsis mitellicola sp. nov. Holotype, ZIHU- 3204. A, transverse section through stomach, showing general arrangement of internal organs. B, enlargement of A, showing mid-dorsal epidermal furrow." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/176160/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="52">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
B). Body-wall musculature composed of outer circular and inner longitudinal muscle layers; diagonal muscle layer of lattice
<typeStatus id="54F12B92FFDF8E23FD465716AD9AE0C7" box="[660,711,1902,1928]" pageId="9" pageNumber="52">type</typeStatus>
present between outer circular and inner longitudinal muscle layers (
<figureCitation id="137189B5FFDF8E23FF3F57EEAE69E0FF" box="[237,308,1942,1968]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="10.[151,255,1195,1219]" captionTargetBox="[188,1398,634,1171]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[188,1398,634,1171]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 8. Nemertopsis mitellicola sp. nov. Holotype, ZIHU- 3204. A, transverse section through stomach, showing general arrangement of internal organs. B, enlargement of A, showing mid-dorsal epidermal furrow." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/176160/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="52">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
B). In foregut region outer circular layer up to 2–3 µm thick, inner longitudinal layer 10–20 µm thick. Dorsoventral muscles present in foregut and intestinal regions. In anterior foregut region, lateral portions of body-wall longitudinal muscle layer medio-anteriorly sending fibres traversing through basophilic sub-muscular glands to run adjacent to dorsal, lateral, and ventral sides of lateral nerve cord (
<figureCitation id="137189B5FFDC8E20FB0250B8AA48E795" box="[1232,1301,192,218]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="11.[151,255,1828,1852]" captionTargetBox="[188,1398,194,1803]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[188,1398,194,1804]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 9. Nemertopsis mitellicola sp. nov. Holotype, ZIHU- 3204. A, transverse section through stomach region; black arrowheads show longitudinal muscle fibres from body-wall longitudinal muscle layer traversing through basophilic submuscular glands, white arrowhead indicates muscular bundle from body-wall longitudinal muscle layer. B, transverse section through posterior portion of brain; arrowheads indicating incomplete inner longitudinal muscle layer. C, transverse section through dorsal cerebral commissure; arrowheads indicating incomplete inner longitudinal muscle layer surrounding brain. D, E, transverse sections through proboscis insertion (indicated by arrowheads)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/176161/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="53">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
A); in same region, or in its slightly anterior region, dorsal and ventral portions of body-wall longitudinal muscle layer becoming divided by inner and outer portions by posterior extension of basophilic cephalic glands, medially sending fibre bundles (
<figureCitation id="137189B5FFDC8E20FE7D5140AEA5E61D" box="[431,504,312,338]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="11.[151,255,1828,1852]" captionTargetBox="[188,1398,194,1803]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[188,1398,194,1804]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 9. Nemertopsis mitellicola sp. nov. Holotype, ZIHU- 3204. A, transverse section through stomach region; black arrowheads show longitudinal muscle fibres from body-wall longitudinal muscle layer traversing through basophilic submuscular glands, white arrowhead indicates muscular bundle from body-wall longitudinal muscle layer. B, transverse section through posterior portion of brain; arrowheads indicating incomplete inner longitudinal muscle layer. C, transverse section through dorsal cerebral commissure; arrowheads indicating incomplete inner longitudinal muscle layer surrounding brain. D, E, transverse sections through proboscis insertion (indicated by arrowheads)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/176161/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="53">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
A); these medial fibre bundles uniting to form incomplete inner longitudinal muscle layer covering rhynchocoel-brain-foregut complex (
<figureCitation id="137189B5FFDC8E20FC855118ACC3E635" box="[855,926,352,378]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="11.[151,255,1828,1852]" captionTargetBox="[188,1398,194,1803]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[188,1398,194,1804]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 9. Nemertopsis mitellicola sp. nov. Holotype, ZIHU- 3204. A, transverse section through stomach region; black arrowheads show longitudinal muscle fibres from body-wall longitudinal muscle layer traversing through basophilic submuscular glands, white arrowhead indicates muscular bundle from body-wall longitudinal muscle layer. B, transverse section through posterior portion of brain; arrowheads indicating incomplete inner longitudinal muscle layer. C, transverse section through dorsal cerebral commissure; arrowheads indicating incomplete inner longitudinal muscle layer surrounding brain. D, E, transverse sections through proboscis insertion (indicated by arrowheads)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/176161/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="53">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
B); in brain region, ventral portion of inner longitudinal layer penetrated by alimentary canal to situate between ventral commissure and alimentary canal (
<figureCitation id="137189B5FFDC8E20FF4D51C8AFBAE685" box="[159,231,432,458]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="11.[151,255,1828,1852]" captionTargetBox="[188,1398,194,1803]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[188,1398,194,1804]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 9. Nemertopsis mitellicola sp. nov. Holotype, ZIHU- 3204. A, transverse section through stomach region; black arrowheads show longitudinal muscle fibres from body-wall longitudinal muscle layer traversing through basophilic submuscular glands, white arrowhead indicates muscular bundle from body-wall longitudinal muscle layer. B, transverse section through posterior portion of brain; arrowheads indicating incomplete inner longitudinal muscle layer. C, transverse section through dorsal cerebral commissure; arrowheads indicating incomplete inner longitudinal muscle layer surrounding brain. D, E, transverse sections through proboscis insertion (indicated by arrowheads)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/176161/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="53">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
C, D); most fibres of inner longitudinal muscle layer contributing to proboscis insertion (
<figureCitation id="137189B5FFDC8E20FAD951C8AA0EE685" box="[1291,1363,432,458]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="11.[151,255,1828,1852]" captionTargetBox="[188,1398,194,1803]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[188,1398,194,1804]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 9. Nemertopsis mitellicola sp. nov. Holotype, ZIHU- 3204. A, transverse section through stomach region; black arrowheads show longitudinal muscle fibres from body-wall longitudinal muscle layer traversing through basophilic submuscular glands, white arrowhead indicates muscular bundle from body-wall longitudinal muscle layer. B, transverse section through posterior portion of brain; arrowheads indicating incomplete inner longitudinal muscle layer. C, transverse section through dorsal cerebral commissure; arrowheads indicating incomplete inner longitudinal muscle layer surrounding brain. D, E, transverse sections through proboscis insertion (indicated by arrowheads)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/176161/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="53">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
D, E); small portion of inner longitudinal muscle layer appearing to lead farther anteriorly beyond proboscis insertion running around rhynchodaeum and oesophagus. Parenchymatous connective tissues sparingly developed throughout body.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF35C5B8FFDC8E20FF4554D3AB9FE3AA" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/176160/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="53" targetBox="[188,1398,634,1171]" targetPageId="10">
<paragraph id="8BF59530FFDC8E20FF4554D3AB9FE3AA" blockId="10.[151,1435,1195,1253]" pageId="10" pageNumber="53">
<emphasis id="B93E4922FFDC8E20FF4554D3AE46E38C" bold="true" box="[151,283,1195,1219]" pageId="10" pageNumber="53">FIGURE 8.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C4AEEB3FFDC8E20FEF754D3AD7BE38D" box="[293,550,1195,1218]" class="Enopla" family="Emplectonematidae" genus="Nemertopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monostilifera" pageId="10" pageNumber="53" phylum="Nemertea" rank="species" species="mitellicola" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B93E4922FFDC8E20FEF754D3AD7BE38D" box="[293,550,1195,1218]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="53">Nemertopsis mitellicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20DF459FFDC8E20FDFD54D3ADD8E38D" box="[559,645,1195,1218]" pageId="10" pageNumber="53" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
Holotype, ZIHU-3204. A, transverse section through stomach, showing general arrangement of internal organs. B, enlargement of A, showing mid-dorsal epidermal furrow.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BF59530FFDC8E20FF145561AD55E1D4" blockId="10.[151,1437,1305,2011]" pageId="10" pageNumber="53">
<emphasis id="B93E4922FFDC8E20FF145561AEE6E27D" box="[198,443,1305,1330]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="53">Proboscis apparatus</emphasis>
: Proboscis pore opening subterminally (
<figureCitation id="137189B5FFDC8E20FC715561ACA4E27C" box="[931,1017,1305,1331]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="13.[151,255,151,175]" captionText="FIGURE 10. Nemertopsis mitellicola sp. nov. Holotype, ZIHU- 3204. A, transverse section showing apical organ and proboscis pore. B, transverse section through pre-cerebral region, showing anterior ocellus, cerebral organ, oesophagus, and rhynchodaeum; arrowhead indicating longitudinal muscle fibre around oesophagus. C, transverse section through intestinal region; arrowheads indicating proboscis nerves. D, transverse section through intestinal caecum; arrowhead indicating its lateral diverticulum. E, transverse section showing vascular plug. F, transverse section showing nephridiopore; arrowheads indicating spherical Orange-G-staining acidophilic glandular cells." pageId="10" pageNumber="53">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
A) and leading into rhynchodaeum (
<figureCitation id="137189B5FFDC8E20FF4D5539AFA4E214" box="[159,249,1345,1371]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="13.[151,255,151,175]" captionText="FIGURE 10. Nemertopsis mitellicola sp. nov. Holotype, ZIHU- 3204. A, transverse section showing apical organ and proboscis pore. B, transverse section through pre-cerebral region, showing anterior ocellus, cerebral organ, oesophagus, and rhynchodaeum; arrowhead indicating longitudinal muscle fibre around oesophagus. C, transverse section through intestinal region; arrowheads indicating proboscis nerves. D, transverse section through intestinal caecum; arrowhead indicating its lateral diverticulum. E, transverse section showing vascular plug. F, transverse section showing nephridiopore; arrowheads indicating spherical Orange-G-staining acidophilic glandular cells." pageId="10" pageNumber="53">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
B); rhynchodaeal epithelium about 3–8 µm thick; rhynchodaeal sphincter not found. Rhynchocoel extending for about 15% of body length, its wall composed of outer circular and inner longitudinal muscle layers. Proboscis short; its anterior chamber attaining up to 53% of body diameter and composed of three muscle layers (inner and outer circular, middle longitudinal); middle longitudinal layer containing 8 proboscis nerves (
<figureCitation id="137189B5FFDC8E20FF215599AE14E2B4" box="[243,329,1505,1531]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="13.[151,255,151,175]" captionText="FIGURE 10. Nemertopsis mitellicola sp. nov. Holotype, ZIHU- 3204. A, transverse section showing apical organ and proboscis pore. B, transverse section through pre-cerebral region, showing anterior ocellus, cerebral organ, oesophagus, and rhynchodaeum; arrowhead indicating longitudinal muscle fibre around oesophagus. C, transverse section through intestinal region; arrowheads indicating proboscis nerves. D, transverse section through intestinal caecum; arrowhead indicating its lateral diverticulum. E, transverse section showing vascular plug. F, transverse section showing nephridiopore; arrowheads indicating spherical Orange-G-staining acidophilic glandular cells." pageId="10" pageNumber="53">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
C). Anterior portion of anterior proboscis chamber possessing no circular muscles and glandular cells (
<figureCitation id="137189B5FFDC8E20FED15671AE04E16C" box="[259,345,1545,1571]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="13.[151,255,151,175]" captionText="FIGURE 10. Nemertopsis mitellicola sp. nov. Holotype, ZIHU- 3204. A, transverse section showing apical organ and proboscis pore. B, transverse section through pre-cerebral region, showing anterior ocellus, cerebral organ, oesophagus, and rhynchodaeum; arrowhead indicating longitudinal muscle fibre around oesophagus. C, transverse section through intestinal region; arrowheads indicating proboscis nerves. D, transverse section through intestinal caecum; arrowhead indicating its lateral diverticulum. E, transverse section showing vascular plug. F, transverse section showing nephridiopore; arrowheads indicating spherical Orange-G-staining acidophilic glandular cells." pageId="10" pageNumber="53">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
E). Stylet basis cylindrical, 100 µm long; central stylet spirally sculptured (
<figureCitation id="137189B5FFDC8E20FB1A5671AA53E16C" box="[1224,1294,1545,1571]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="9.[151,255,1592,1616]" captionTargetBox="[325,1262,350,1593]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[315,1273,343,1593]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 7. Nemertopsis mitellicola sp. nov. A, drawing of complete specimen. B, enlargement of head viewed dorsally. C, enlargement of head viewed ventrally. D, drawing of central stylet and basis." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/176159/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="53">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
D), up to 57 µm long; stylet/basis ratio 0.57; two accessory stylet pouches, each containing two to three accessory stylets. Posterior proboscis chamber possessing acidophilic glandular epithelium, inner longitudinal, and outer circular muscle layers (
<figureCitation id="137189B5FFDC8E20FEBF56F9AE9DE1D4" box="[365,448,1665,1691]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="14.[151,255,1092,1116]" captionTargetBox="[188,1398,194,1067]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[188,1398,194,1068]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 11. Nemertopsis mitellicola sp. nov. A, holotype, ZIHU- 3204, transverse section through intestinal region showing two ova in ovary. B, paratype, ZIHU- 3205, transverse section through intestinal region showing testis." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/176162/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="53">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
A, B).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF59530FFDC8E20FF1456D1ACB9E094" blockId="10.[151,1437,1305,2011]" pageId="10" pageNumber="53">
<emphasis id="B93E4922FFDC8E20FF1456D1AEF5E18D" box="[198,424,1705,1730]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="53">Alimentary system:</emphasis>
Oesophagus opening to ventral wall of rhynchodaeum just in front of proboscis insertion, distally invested with longitudinal muscle fibres (
<figureCitation id="137189B5FFDC8E20FCF756A9AC23E1A4" box="[805,894,1745,1771]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="13.[151,255,151,175]" captionText="FIGURE 10. Nemertopsis mitellicola sp. nov. Holotype, ZIHU- 3204. A, transverse section showing apical organ and proboscis pore. B, transverse section through pre-cerebral region, showing anterior ocellus, cerebral organ, oesophagus, and rhynchodaeum; arrowhead indicating longitudinal muscle fibre around oesophagus. C, transverse section through intestinal region; arrowheads indicating proboscis nerves. D, transverse section through intestinal caecum; arrowhead indicating its lateral diverticulum. E, transverse section showing vascular plug. F, transverse section showing nephridiopore; arrowheads indicating spherical Orange-G-staining acidophilic glandular cells." pageId="10" pageNumber="53">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
B); oesophageal epithelium up to 8 µm thick, lacking cilia and glandular cells. Stomach histologically divisible into two regions: short anterior region possessing epithelium dominated by acidophilic glandular cells (
<figureCitation id="137189B5FFDC8E20FCBF5759ACE8E074" box="[877,949,1825,1851]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="11.[151,255,1828,1852]" captionTargetBox="[188,1398,194,1803]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[188,1398,194,1804]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 9. Nemertopsis mitellicola sp. nov. Holotype, ZIHU- 3204. A, transverse section through stomach region; black arrowheads show longitudinal muscle fibres from body-wall longitudinal muscle layer traversing through basophilic submuscular glands, white arrowhead indicates muscular bundle from body-wall longitudinal muscle layer. B, transverse section through posterior portion of brain; arrowheads indicating incomplete inner longitudinal muscle layer. C, transverse section through dorsal cerebral commissure; arrowheads indicating incomplete inner longitudinal muscle layer surrounding brain. D, E, transverse sections through proboscis insertion (indicated by arrowheads)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/176161/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="53">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
C); main posterior region possessing epithelium mainly containing basophilic glandular cells (
<figureCitation id="137189B5FFDC8E20FCC45731AC00E02C" box="[790,861,1865,1891]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="11.[151,255,1828,1852]" captionTargetBox="[188,1398,194,1803]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[188,1398,194,1804]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 9. Nemertopsis mitellicola sp. nov. Holotype, ZIHU- 3204. A, transverse section through stomach region; black arrowheads show longitudinal muscle fibres from body-wall longitudinal muscle layer traversing through basophilic submuscular glands, white arrowhead indicates muscular bundle from body-wall longitudinal muscle layer. B, transverse section through posterior portion of brain; arrowheads indicating incomplete inner longitudinal muscle layer. C, transverse section through dorsal cerebral commissure; arrowheads indicating incomplete inner longitudinal muscle layer surrounding brain. D, E, transverse sections through proboscis insertion (indicated by arrowheads)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/176161/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="53">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
A). Stomach epithelium mostly 20–40 µm thick. Intestinal caecum extending forward to reach under posterior region of stomach, anteriorly not bifurcated, laterally possessing several pairs of small and shallow diverticula (
<figureCitation id="137189B5FFDC8E20FC4557E1ACB2E0FC" box="[919,1007,1945,1971]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="13.[151,255,151,175]" captionText="FIGURE 10. Nemertopsis mitellicola sp. nov. Holotype, ZIHU- 3204. A, transverse section showing apical organ and proboscis pore. B, transverse section through pre-cerebral region, showing anterior ocellus, cerebral organ, oesophagus, and rhynchodaeum; arrowhead indicating longitudinal muscle fibre around oesophagus. C, transverse section through intestinal region; arrowheads indicating proboscis nerves. D, transverse section through intestinal caecum; arrowhead indicating its lateral diverticulum. E, transverse section showing vascular plug. F, transverse section showing nephridiopore; arrowheads indicating spherical Orange-G-staining acidophilic glandular cells." pageId="10" pageNumber="53">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
D). Main intestinal canal possessing normal construction, bearing throughout its length shallow lateral lobes.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF35C5B8FFDD8E21FF45575CABC5E0A6" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/176161/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="54" targetBox="[188,1398,194,1803]" targetPageId="11">
<paragraph id="8BF59530FFDD8E21FF45575CABC5E0A6" blockId="11.[151,1436,1828,2025]" pageId="11" pageNumber="54">
<emphasis id="B93E4922FFDD8E21FF45575CAE44E073" bold="true" box="[151,281,1828,1852]" pageId="11" pageNumber="54">FIGURE 9.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C4AEEB3FFDD8E21FECD575DAD41E073" box="[287,540,1829,1852]" class="Enopla" family="Emplectonematidae" genus="Nemertopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monostilifera" pageId="11" pageNumber="54" phylum="Nemertea" rank="species" species="mitellicola" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B93E4922FFDD8E21FECD575DAD41E073" box="[287,540,1829,1852]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="54">Nemertopsis mitellicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20DF459FFDD8E21FDF0575CAD28E074" box="[546,629,1828,1851]" pageId="11" pageNumber="54" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
Holotype, ZIHU-3204. A, transverse section through stomach region; black arrowheads show longitudinal muscle fibres from body-wall longitudinal muscle layer traversing through basophilic submuscular glands, white arrowhead indicates muscular bundle from body-wall longitudinal muscle layer. B, transverse section through posterior portion of brain; arrowheads indicating incomplete inner longitudinal muscle layer. C, transverse section through dorsal cerebral commissure; arrowheads indicating incomplete inner longitudinal muscle layer surrounding brain. D, E, transverse sections through proboscis insertion (indicated by arrowheads).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF35C5B8FFDB8E27FF4550EFAB6FE613" pageId="13" pageNumber="56">
<paragraph id="8BF59530FFDB8E27FF4550EFAB6FE613" blockId="13.[151,1436,151,348]" pageId="13" pageNumber="56">
<emphasis id="B93E4922FFDB8E27FF4550EFAE75E7E0" bold="true" box="[151,296,151,175]" pageId="13" pageNumber="56">FIGURE 10.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C4AEEB3FFDB8E27FEE050E0AD6FE7E0" box="[306,562,152,175]" class="Enopla" family="Emplectonematidae" genus="Nemertopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monostilifera" pageId="13" pageNumber="56" phylum="Nemertea" rank="species" species="mitellicola" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B93E4922FFDB8E27FEE050E0AD6FE7E0" box="[306,562,152,175]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="56">Nemertopsis mitellicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20DF459FFDB8E27FDE950E0ADCDE7E0" box="[571,656,152,175]" pageId="13" pageNumber="56" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
Holotype, ZIHU-3204. A, transverse section showing apical organ and proboscis pore. B, transverse section through pre-cerebral region, showing anterior ocellus, cerebral organ, oesophagus, and rhynchodaeum; arrowhead indicating longitudinal muscle fibre around oesophagus. C, transverse section through intestinal region; arrowheads indicating proboscis nerves. D, transverse section through intestinal caecum; arrowhead indicating its lateral diverticulum. E, transverse section showing vascular plug. F, transverse section showing nephridiopore; arrowheads indicating spherical Orange-G-staining acidophilic glandular cells.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BF59530FFDB8E27FF1451C0AE78E5D5" blockId="13.[151,1437,440,1866]" pageId="13" pageNumber="56">
<emphasis id="B93E4922FFDB8E27FF1451C0AE8AE69E" box="[198,471,440,465]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="56">Blood vascular system:</emphasis>
Pair of cephalic vessels meeting anteriorly above rhynchodaeum, posteriorly passing through cerebral ring and leading to lateral vessels; mid-dorsal vessel branching off from either side of lateral vessel (left in
<typeStatus id="54F12B92FFDB8E27FEA65270AE83E56D" box="[372,478,520,546]" pageId="13" pageNumber="56" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
, ZIHU-3204; right in
<typeStatus id="54F12B92FFDB8E27FD345270AC13E56D" box="[742,846,520,546]" pageId="13" pageNumber="56" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
, ZIHU-3205), entering rhynchocoel just posterior to dorsal ganglia to form vascular plug, about 23 µm in diameter (
<figureCitation id="137189B5FFDB8E27FC075248AB72E505" box="[981,1071,560,586]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="13.[151,255,151,175]" captionText="FIGURE 10. Nemertopsis mitellicola sp. nov. Holotype, ZIHU- 3204. A, transverse section showing apical organ and proboscis pore. B, transverse section through pre-cerebral region, showing anterior ocellus, cerebral organ, oesophagus, and rhynchodaeum; arrowhead indicating longitudinal muscle fibre around oesophagus. C, transverse section through intestinal region; arrowheads indicating proboscis nerves. D, transverse section through intestinal caecum; arrowhead indicating its lateral diverticulum. E, transverse section showing vascular plug. F, transverse section showing nephridiopore; arrowheads indicating spherical Orange-G-staining acidophilic glandular cells." pageId="13" pageNumber="56">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
E), soon coming down to run between rhynchocoel and alimentary canal. No transverse metameric connectives between mid-dorsal and lateral vessels.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF59530FFDB8E27FF1452D0ABBBE45D" blockId="13.[151,1437,440,1866]" pageId="13" pageNumber="56">
<emphasis id="B93E4922FFDB8E27FF1452D0AEDAE58E" box="[198,391,680,705]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="56">Nervous system:</emphasis>
Brain covered by outer neurilemma, with neither inner neurilemma nor neurochord cells. Dorsal and ventral commissures about 13 µm and 20 µm thick, respectively (
<figureCitation id="137189B5FFDB8E27FBF152A8AB34E5A5" box="[1059,1129,720,746]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="11.[151,255,1828,1852]" captionTargetBox="[188,1398,194,1803]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[188,1398,194,1804]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 9. Nemertopsis mitellicola sp. nov. Holotype, ZIHU- 3204. A, transverse section through stomach region; black arrowheads show longitudinal muscle fibres from body-wall longitudinal muscle layer traversing through basophilic submuscular glands, white arrowhead indicates muscular bundle from body-wall longitudinal muscle layer. B, transverse section through posterior portion of brain; arrowheads indicating incomplete inner longitudinal muscle layer. C, transverse section through dorsal cerebral commissure; arrowheads indicating incomplete inner longitudinal muscle layer surrounding brain. D, E, transverse sections through proboscis insertion (indicated by arrowheads)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/176161/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="56">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
C, D). Lateral nerve cords containing single neuropile; single myofibril running along upper part of neuropile (
<figureCitation id="137189B5FFDB8E27FBA35280AB9AE45D" box="[1137,1223,760,786]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="13.[151,255,151,175]" captionText="FIGURE 10. Nemertopsis mitellicola sp. nov. Holotype, ZIHU- 3204. A, transverse section showing apical organ and proboscis pore. B, transverse section through pre-cerebral region, showing anterior ocellus, cerebral organ, oesophagus, and rhynchodaeum; arrowhead indicating longitudinal muscle fibre around oesophagus. C, transverse section through intestinal region; arrowheads indicating proboscis nerves. D, transverse section through intestinal caecum; arrowhead indicating its lateral diverticulum. E, transverse section showing vascular plug. F, transverse section showing nephridiopore; arrowheads indicating spherical Orange-G-staining acidophilic glandular cells." pageId="13" pageNumber="56">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
F).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF59530FFDB8E27FF145358ABA1E34D" blockId="13.[151,1437,440,1866]" pageId="13" pageNumber="56">
<emphasis id="B93E4922FFDB8E27FF145358AD00E476" box="[198,605,800,825]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="56">Apical organ and cephalic glands:</emphasis>
Single apical organ, 20–30 µm wide, opening at tip of head just above proboscis pore (
<figureCitation id="137189B5FFDB8E27FE835330AEFBE42D" box="[337,422,840,866]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="13.[151,255,151,175]" captionText="FIGURE 10. Nemertopsis mitellicola sp. nov. Holotype, ZIHU- 3204. A, transverse section showing apical organ and proboscis pore. B, transverse section through pre-cerebral region, showing anterior ocellus, cerebral organ, oesophagus, and rhynchodaeum; arrowhead indicating longitudinal muscle fibre around oesophagus. C, transverse section through intestinal region; arrowheads indicating proboscis nerves. D, transverse section through intestinal caecum; arrowhead indicating its lateral diverticulum. E, transverse section showing vascular plug. F, transverse section showing nephridiopore; arrowheads indicating spherical Orange-G-staining acidophilic glandular cells." pageId="13" pageNumber="56">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
A). Basophilic cephalic glands (
<figureCitation id="137189B5FFDB8E27FCC95330AC32E42D" box="[795,879,840,866]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="13.[151,255,151,175]" captionText="FIGURE 10. Nemertopsis mitellicola sp. nov. Holotype, ZIHU- 3204. A, transverse section showing apical organ and proboscis pore. B, transverse section through pre-cerebral region, showing anterior ocellus, cerebral organ, oesophagus, and rhynchodaeum; arrowhead indicating longitudinal muscle fibre around oesophagus. C, transverse section through intestinal region; arrowheads indicating proboscis nerves. D, transverse section through intestinal caecum; arrowhead indicating its lateral diverticulum. E, transverse section showing vascular plug. F, transverse section showing nephridiopore; arrowheads indicating spherical Orange-G-staining acidophilic glandular cells." pageId="13" pageNumber="56">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
B) extending post-cerebrally beneath body-wall longitudinal muscle layer on lateral sides of body (
<figureCitation id="137189B5FFDB8E27FCD05308AC05E4C5" box="[770,856,880,906]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="13.[151,255,151,175]" captionText="FIGURE 10. Nemertopsis mitellicola sp. nov. Holotype, ZIHU- 3204. A, transverse section showing apical organ and proboscis pore. B, transverse section through pre-cerebral region, showing anterior ocellus, cerebral organ, oesophagus, and rhynchodaeum; arrowhead indicating longitudinal muscle fibre around oesophagus. C, transverse section through intestinal region; arrowheads indicating proboscis nerves. D, transverse section through intestinal caecum; arrowhead indicating its lateral diverticulum. E, transverse section showing vascular plug. F, transverse section showing nephridiopore; arrowheads indicating spherical Orange-G-staining acidophilic glandular cells." pageId="13" pageNumber="56">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
F) back to pyloric region (
<figureCitation id="137189B5FFDB8E27FB495308ABA9E4C5" box="[1179,1268,880,906]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="13.[151,255,151,175]" captionText="FIGURE 10. Nemertopsis mitellicola sp. nov. Holotype, ZIHU- 3204. A, transverse section showing apical organ and proboscis pore. B, transverse section through pre-cerebral region, showing anterior ocellus, cerebral organ, oesophagus, and rhynchodaeum; arrowhead indicating longitudinal muscle fibre around oesophagus. C, transverse section through intestinal region; arrowheads indicating proboscis nerves. D, transverse section through intestinal caecum; arrowhead indicating its lateral diverticulum. E, transverse section showing vascular plug. F, transverse section showing nephridiopore; arrowheads indicating spherical Orange-G-staining acidophilic glandular cells." pageId="13" pageNumber="56">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
D). Small and spherical Orange-G-staining acidophilic glandular cells, 2–3 µm diameter, distributed throughout body length just below body-wall longitudinal muscle layer (
<figureCitation id="137189B5FFDB8E27FD1C53B8AC79E495" box="[718,804,960,986]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="13.[151,255,151,175]" captionText="FIGURE 10. Nemertopsis mitellicola sp. nov. Holotype, ZIHU- 3204. A, transverse section showing apical organ and proboscis pore. B, transverse section through pre-cerebral region, showing anterior ocellus, cerebral organ, oesophagus, and rhynchodaeum; arrowhead indicating longitudinal muscle fibre around oesophagus. C, transverse section through intestinal region; arrowheads indicating proboscis nerves. D, transverse section through intestinal caecum; arrowhead indicating its lateral diverticulum. E, transverse section showing vascular plug. F, transverse section showing nephridiopore; arrowheads indicating spherical Orange-G-staining acidophilic glandular cells." pageId="13" pageNumber="56">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
F). In foregut region, large acidophilic glandular cells, up to 20 µm long, aggregated on dorsolateral sides of body among basophilic glands (
<figureCitation id="137189B5FFDB8E27FB565390AB87E34D" box="[1156,1242,1000,1026]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="13.[151,255,151,175]" captionText="FIGURE 10. Nemertopsis mitellicola sp. nov. Holotype, ZIHU- 3204. A, transverse section showing apical organ and proboscis pore. B, transverse section through pre-cerebral region, showing anterior ocellus, cerebral organ, oesophagus, and rhynchodaeum; arrowhead indicating longitudinal muscle fibre around oesophagus. C, transverse section through intestinal region; arrowheads indicating proboscis nerves. D, transverse section through intestinal caecum; arrowhead indicating its lateral diverticulum. E, transverse section showing vascular plug. F, transverse section showing nephridiopore; arrowheads indicating spherical Orange-G-staining acidophilic glandular cells." pageId="13" pageNumber="56">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
E).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF59530FFDB8E27FF145468AA1FE335" blockId="13.[151,1437,440,1866]" pageId="13" pageNumber="56">
<emphasis id="B93E4922FFDB8E27FF145468AE37E366" box="[198,362,1040,1065]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="56">Sense organs:</emphasis>
Pigment cup ocelli (
<figureCitation id="137189B5FFDB8E27FD895468ADEDE365" box="[603,688,1040,1066]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="13.[151,255,151,175]" captionText="FIGURE 10. Nemertopsis mitellicola sp. nov. Holotype, ZIHU- 3204. A, transverse section showing apical organ and proboscis pore. B, transverse section through pre-cerebral region, showing anterior ocellus, cerebral organ, oesophagus, and rhynchodaeum; arrowhead indicating longitudinal muscle fibre around oesophagus. C, transverse section through intestinal region; arrowheads indicating proboscis nerves. D, transverse section through intestinal caecum; arrowhead indicating its lateral diverticulum. E, transverse section showing vascular plug. F, transverse section showing nephridiopore; arrowheads indicating spherical Orange-G-staining acidophilic glandular cells." pageId="13" pageNumber="56">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
B) about 50–70 µm in diameter; anterior pair situated near tip of head, posterior pair just in front of proboscis insertion. Cerebral sense organs about 50 µm wide and 70 µm tall (
<figureCitation id="137189B5FFDB8E27FF1E5418AE7FE335" box="[204,290,1120,1146]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="13.[151,255,151,175]" captionText="FIGURE 10. Nemertopsis mitellicola sp. nov. Holotype, ZIHU- 3204. A, transverse section showing apical organ and proboscis pore. B, transverse section through pre-cerebral region, showing anterior ocellus, cerebral organ, oesophagus, and rhynchodaeum; arrowhead indicating longitudinal muscle fibre around oesophagus. C, transverse section through intestinal region; arrowheads indicating proboscis nerves. D, transverse section through intestinal caecum; arrowhead indicating its lateral diverticulum. E, transverse section showing vascular plug. F, transverse section showing nephridiopore; arrowheads indicating spherical Orange-G-staining acidophilic glandular cells." pageId="13" pageNumber="56">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
B), situated in front of brain, opening ventrally to exterior at cephalic furrow on each side.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF59530FFDB8E27FF1454F0AB84E3BD" blockId="13.[151,1437,440,1866]" pageId="13" pageNumber="56">
<emphasis id="B93E4922FFDB8E27FF1454F0AEC5E3EE" box="[198,408,1160,1185]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="56">Excretory system:</emphasis>
Excretory system consisting of thin-walled collecting tubules, up to 20 µm in diameter, running along lateral nerve cords extending from brain region to anterior intestinal region. Pair of efferent canals passing ventrolaterally to open at nephridiopore in posterior foregut region (
<figureCitation id="137189B5FFDB8E27FBB154A0ABE4E3BD" box="[1123,1209,1240,1266]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="13.[151,255,151,175]" captionText="FIGURE 10. Nemertopsis mitellicola sp. nov. Holotype, ZIHU- 3204. A, transverse section showing apical organ and proboscis pore. B, transverse section through pre-cerebral region, showing anterior ocellus, cerebral organ, oesophagus, and rhynchodaeum; arrowhead indicating longitudinal muscle fibre around oesophagus. C, transverse section through intestinal region; arrowheads indicating proboscis nerves. D, transverse section through intestinal caecum; arrowhead indicating its lateral diverticulum. E, transverse section showing vascular plug. F, transverse section showing nephridiopore; arrowheads indicating spherical Orange-G-staining acidophilic glandular cells." pageId="13" pageNumber="56">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
F).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF59530FFDB8E27FF145578ACDDE225" blockId="13.[151,1437,440,1866]" pageId="13" pageNumber="56">
<emphasis id="B93E4922FFDB8E27FF145578AE9CE256" box="[198,449,1280,1305]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="56">Reproductive system:</emphasis>
Sexes separate. Gonads arranged laterally to intestine in row on each side; gonoduct passing above lateral nerve cord. Ovaries up to 170 µm tall, each containing two to three eggs, 80–90 µm in diameter (
<figureCitation id="137189B5FFDB8E27FEDF5528AE3DE225" box="[269,352,1360,1386]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="14.[151,255,1092,1116]" captionTargetBox="[188,1398,194,1067]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[188,1398,194,1068]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 11. Nemertopsis mitellicola sp. nov. A, holotype, ZIHU- 3204, transverse section through intestinal region showing two ova in ovary. B, paratype, ZIHU- 3205, transverse section through intestinal region showing testis." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/176162/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="56">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
A). Testes up to 50 µm in diameter (
<figureCitation id="137189B5FFDB8E27FCDB5528AC00E225" box="[777,861,1360,1386]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="14.[151,255,1092,1116]" captionTargetBox="[188,1398,194,1067]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[188,1398,194,1068]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 11. Nemertopsis mitellicola sp. nov. A, holotype, ZIHU- 3204, transverse section through intestinal region showing two ova in ovary. B, paratype, ZIHU- 3205, transverse section through intestinal region showing testis." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/176162/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="56">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
B).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C350C6BBFFDB8E27FF145500AE0EE005" pageId="13" pageNumber="56" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BF59530FFDB8E27FF145500AE0EE005" blockId="13.[151,1437,440,1866]" pageId="13" pageNumber="56">
<emphasis id="B93E4922FFDB8E27FF145500AE6BE2DE" box="[198,310,1400,1425]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="56">Remarks:</emphasis>
The anatomy of the present species, in particular the short rhynchocoel, the intestinal caecum without anterior bifurcation, the small and simple cerebral sensory organs located some distance in front of the brain, the four eyes, the lateral nerve cords with no accessory nerves, and the mid-dorsal epidermal furrow, closely resembles that described for
<taxonomicName id="4C4AEEB3FFDB8E27FD9C5588ACC2E146" box="[590,927,1520,1545]" class="Enopla" family="Emplectonematidae" genus="Nemertopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monostilifera" pageId="13" pageNumber="56" phylum="Nemertea" rank="species" species="quadripunctata">
<emphasis id="B93E4922FFDB8E27FD9C5588ACC2E146" box="[590,927,1520,1545]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="56">Nemertopsis quadripunctata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and the two species clearly belong to the same genus. The mid-dorsal epidermal furrow is less developed than that in
<taxonomicName id="4C4AEEB3FFDB8E27FBCE5660ABAEE17E" box="[1052,1267,1560,1585]" class="Enopla" family="Emplectonematidae" genus="Nemertopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monostilifera" pageId="13" pageNumber="56" phylum="Nemertea" rank="species" species="quadripunctata">
<emphasis id="B93E4922FFDB8E27FBCE5660ABAEE17E" box="[1052,1267,1560,1585]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="56">N. quadripunctata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; in a
<typeStatus id="54F12B92FFDB8E27FAE55660AAC1E17D" box="[1335,1436,1560,1586]" pageId="13" pageNumber="56" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
(ZIHU-3205) the furrow is not apparent in the pre-cerebral region.
<taxonomicName id="4C4AEEB3FFDB8E27FC165638AB80E116" box="[964,1245,1600,1625]" class="Enopla" family="Emplectonematidae" genus="Nemertopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monostilifera" pageId="13" pageNumber="56" phylum="Nemertea" rank="species" species="mitellicola" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B93E4922FFDB8E27FC165638AB80E116" box="[964,1245,1600,1625]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="56">Nemertopsis mitellicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20DF459FFDB8E27FB355638AA19E115" box="[1255,1348,1600,1626]" pageId="13" pageNumber="56" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
can be distinguished from all the congeners in having a spirally sculptured central stylet. The new species resembles
<taxonomicName id="4C4AEEB3FFDB8E27FF4556E8AD54E1E5" authority="Gibson, 1990" authorityName="Gibson" authorityYear="1990" box="[151,521,1680,1706]" class="Enopla" family="Emplectonematidae" genus="Nemertopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monostilifera" pageId="13" pageNumber="56" phylum="Nemertea" rank="species" species="tetraclitophila">
<emphasis id="B93E4922FFDB8E27FF4556E8AE3FE1E6" box="[151,354,1680,1705]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="56">N. tetraclitophila</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFDBE8C1FFDB8E27FEB856E8AD54E1E5" author="Gibson" box="[362,521,1680,1706]" pageId="13" pageNumber="58" refString="Gibson, R. (1990) The Macrobenthic Nemertean Fauna of Hong Kong. In: Morton, B. (Ed.), Proceedings of the Second International Marine Biological Workshop: the Marine Flora and Fauna of Hong Kong and Southern China, Hong Kong, 1986, Vol. 1. Hong Kong University Press, Hong Kong, pp. 33 - 212." type="book" year="1990">
Gibson,
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</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
in possessing a cephalic pigment patch and a symbiotic relationship between cirripedes, but differs from the latter in the following characteristics (those in brackets referring to the condition found in
<taxonomicName id="4C4AEEB3FFDB8E27FEE85698AD5BE1B6" box="[314,518,1760,1785]" class="Enopla" family="Emplectonematidae" genus="Nemertopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monostilifera" pageId="13" pageNumber="56" phylum="Nemertea" rank="species" species="tetraclitophila">
<emphasis id="B93E4922FFDB8E27FEE85698AD5BE1B6" box="[314,518,1760,1785]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="56">N. tetraclitophila</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
): body size
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long,
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wide [
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long,
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wide]; dorsal stripes continuous to the cephalic patch [not continuous]; and the central stylet/basis length is 57µm/100µm [30µm/120µm].
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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