213 lines
21 KiB
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213 lines
21 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.252.3588" ID-GBIF-Dataset="a4366e50-a271-44c0-bdef-b52c8cad0b85" ID-PMC="PMC3560839" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-252-1" ID-PubMed="23378811" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2012" ModsDocID="1313-2970-252-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 252" ModsDocTitle="Phylogenetic treatment and taxonomic revision of the trapdoor spider genus Aptostichus Simon (Araneae, Mygalomorphae, Euctenizidae)" checkinTime="1451247847790" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Bond, Jason E." docDate="2012" docId="DE5AFAF5E15EA2B9966E44FF0E590CFD" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 252: 1-209" docOrigin="ZooKeys 252" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.252.3588" docTitle="Aptostichus stephencolberti Bond 2008" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="43" masterDocId="FFAD871BFFD4FF8CFFED1A5CFFE7FFA0" masterDocTitle="Phylogenetic treatment and taxonomic revision of the trapdoor spider genus Aptostichus Simon (Araneae, Mygalomorphae, Euctenizidae)" masterLastPageNumber="209" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="38" updateTime="1668155039594" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Phylogenetic treatment and taxonomic revision of the trapdoor spider genus Aptostichus Simon (Araneae, Mygalomorphae, Euctenizidae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Bond, Jason E.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2012</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>252</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>209</mods:end>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.252.3588</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.252.3588</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-252-1</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152039277" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DE5AFAF5E15EA2B9966E44FF0E590CFD" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/DE5AFAF5E15EA2B9966E44FF0E590CFD" lastPageId="42" lastPageNumber="43" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
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<subSubSection pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
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<taxonomicName LSID="‘The Stephen Colbert Trapdoor Spider’" authority="Bond, 2008" authorityName="Bond" authorityYear="2008" class="Arachnida" family="Euctenizidae" genus="Aptostichus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aptostichus stephencolberti" order="Araneae" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stephencolberti">Aptostichus stephencolberti Bond, 2008</taxonomicName>
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Figures 82-90Maps 4, 5
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Euctenizidae" genus="Aptostichus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aptostichus stephencolberti" order="Araneae" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stephencolberti">Aptostichus stephencolberti</taxonomicName>
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Bond, 2008: 646. Male holotype (MY3515, EU570029) and female paratype (MY3513, EU570028), California, San Mateo Co., Pescadero State Beach, 37.26598, -122.41219 1, elev. 3m, coll. A. Stockman & P. Marek, 29.i.2008, in CAS, examined.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="38" lastPageNumber="39" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="38" lastPageNumber="39" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
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Individuals of this species are difficult to distinguish from other
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<taxonomicName genus="Atomarius" lsidName="Atomarius" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" rank="genus">Atomarius</taxonomicName>
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Sibling Species Complex members on the basis of morphological features (Figs 82-90) alone but can be diagnosed on the basis of a set of unique mtDNA site substitutions (see
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<bibRefCitation author="Bond, JE" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Biology" pageId="163" pageNumber="164" pagination="628 - 646" title="An Integrative Method for Delimiting Cohesion Species: Finding the Population-Species Interface in a Group of Californian Trapdoor Spiders with Extreme Genetic Divergence and Geographic Structuring." url="10.1080/10635150802302443" volume="57" year="2008">Bond and Stockman 2008</bibRefCitation>
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). The species is restricted in distribution to the coastal
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<pageBreakToken pageId="38" pageNumber="39" start="start">dune</pageBreakToken>
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habitats of Monterey, Santa Cruz, San Mateo, and San Francisco Counties (California; Maps 4, 5) and is much lighter in coloration (Figs 88-90) than species found in inland habitats (e.g.,
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Euctenizidae" genus="Aptostichus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aptostichus atomarius" order="Araneae" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atomarius">Aptostichus atomarius</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Euctenizidae" genus="Aptostichus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aptostichus angelinajolieae" order="Araneae" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="angelinajolieae">Aptostichus angelinajolieae</taxonomicName>
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, and
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Euctenizidae" genus="Aptostichus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aptostichus stanfordianus" order="Araneae" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stanfordianus">Aptostichus stanfordianus</taxonomicName>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Descriptions.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Described by Bond (2008).</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="40" lastPageNumber="41" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="material examined">
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<paragraph pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="40" lastPageNumber="41" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
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United States: California: Monterey Co.: Asilomar St Beach, 36.6221, -121.9391 3, 8m, W Icenogle 14.x.1971 [AP463-64, 3♀, 7juv, CAS]; Asilomar St Beach, 36.6236, -121.9405 1, 3m, J Bond 15.v.1997, [AP800-802, 812-13, 2♀4juv, AUMNH]; 2.5km S Marina Ranger Station, 36.6969, -121.8088 1, 14m, J Bond 16.v.1997 [AP803, 814-16, 4juv, AUMNH]; end Dunes Rd, N Marina St Beach, 36.7068, -121.807 1, 8m, J Bond, W Bond 27.vii.2008 [MY3750-51, 2♀, AUMNH]; dunes Marina Beach, 36.705, -121.8077 1, 3m, J Bond 4.v.1997 [AP772-74, 13♀, AUMNH]; Marina Beach (dunes across from RV park), 36.7033, -121.8063 1, 7m, J Bond 2-3.iv.1996 [AP711 722, 739-40, 748,, 4♀, 1juv, AUMNH]; Marina Beach dunes, 36.703, -121.808 1, 13m, J Bond 2.iv.1996 [AP736, 1♀, AUMNH]; Marina State Beach, 36.6973, -121.8092 4, 12m, M Ramirez 16.v.1983 [AP278, 1juv, AMNH], 28.x.1984 [AP468, 1♀, AMNH], E Schlinger 23.iv.1970 [AP485, 2♀, SCW]; Marina Dunes Natural Preserve, 36.6905, -121.8105 2, 3m, J Bond, D Beamer, A Stockman 17.iii.2005 [MY3069-70, 1♀ 1juv, AUMNH]; Moss Landing St Beach, 36.8086, -121.7883 1, 3m, J Bond 14.iv.1997 [AP1265, 1♀, AUMNH]; Moss Landing St Beach, 36.8155, -121.79 1, 0m, M Hedin, M Lowder 28.vi.2000 [AP1267, 1♀, AUMNH], J Bond 21.xii.1997 [AP706, 1♀, AUMNH]; Point Sur Lighthouse, 36.3062, -121.8971 1, 0m, M Hedin, M Lowder 29.vi.2000 [AP1252, MY699-MY701, 3♀, 2juv, AUMNH]; Salinas River St Beach, 36.7823, -121.7939 1, 9m, W Icenogle 14.x.1999 [MY0713, 1♀, CAS]; Salinas River St Beach, 36.7831, -121.7944 1, 3m, J Bond 17.v.1997 [AP758-60, AP804, 4juv, AUMNH], 6.v.1997 [AP778, 1juv, AUMNH]; Salinas River St Beach, Molera Rd Parking Lot, 36.7752, -121.796 4, 6m, M Ramirez 16.iv.1983 [AP258, AP306, 2♀, AMNH]; Salinas River St Beach, 36.7855, -121.7945 3, 3m, A Stockman, P Marek 28.i.2006 [MY3489-91, 3juv, AUMNH]; Salinas River St Beach, 36.7907, -121.7919 1, 3m, J Bond 8.xii.2005 [MY3455-57, 2♀, 1juv, AUMNH]; Zmudowski St Beach, 36.8436, -121.8041 2, 3m, J Bond 15.v.1997 [AP797-99, 809-11, 5♀, 1juv, AUMNH]; Zmudowski St Beach, 36.8358, -121.802 1, 3m, J Bond 8.xii.2005 [MY3461-63, 2♀, 1juv, AUMNH]; Pfeiffer Beach, 36.2384, -121.8154 2, 6m, J Bond 7.xii.2005 [MY3451, 1juv, AUMNH]; San Francisco Co.: Ft Funston National Recreation Area, 37.7231, -122.5043 3, 31m, M Ramirez 23.vi.1988 [AP196, 1♀, CAS]; Ft Funston National Recreation Area, 37.7121, -122.5014 1, 48m, A Stockman, P Marek 30.i.2006 [MY3517-20, 1♀, 3juv, AUMNH]; San Francisco, near jct Lincoln Way & 46 Ave, 37.7642, -122.5062 3, 16m, L Trautz 1.x.1969 [AP1273, 1♀, SCW)]; Petrel Bluff, 37.6978, -123.0017 7, 3m, M Ramirez 30.vii.1986 [AP156, 1♂, CAS]; San Francisco, Baker Beach, 37.792, -122.484 4, 7m, D Ubick 8.iii.1980 [AP301, 3♀, CAS]; San Francisco, Sunset District, 37.7601, -122.4877 5, 71m, J McNally 3.x.1969 [AP255, 1♀, CAS]; San Mateo Co.: Gazos Creek Coastal Access off HWY
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<pageBreakToken pageId="39" pageNumber="40" start="start">1</pageBreakToken>
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, 37.1659, -122.3625 3, 10m, M Thompson 17.ix.1976 [AP1278, 2♀, 1♂, CAS]; Ano Nuevo St Reserve, 37.1165, -122.3277 1, 1m, M Hedin, M Lowder 28.vi.2000 [MY698, AP1253, 1♀, 3juv, AUMNH]; Ano Nuevo St Reserve, Cascade Creek
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<pageBreakToken pageId="40" pageNumber="41" start="start">Trail</pageBreakToken>
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, 37.139, -122.3403 2, 3m, A Stockman, P Marek 29.i.2006 [MY3509, 1♀, AUMNH]; Ano Nuevo St Reserve, Franklin Point Trail, 37.1551, -122.3555 1, 7m, A Stockman, P Marek 29.i.2006 [MY3510-12, 2♀, 4juv, AUMNH; 1juv, AUMNH]; Pescadero St Beach, 37.2659, -122.4121 1, 4m, A Stockman, P Marek 29.i.2006 [MY3513-16, 2♀, 2♂, AUMNH]; San Luis Obispo Co.: S Morro Bay, 0.64km N parking lot, 35.3136, -120.7679 4, 24m, W Icenogle 16.x.1999 [MY712, 1♀, CAS]; Santa Cruz Co.: Younger Lagoon, 36.9508, -122.0658 4, 11m, M Ramirez 27.vii.1987 [AP437, 1juv, CAS]; Bonny Doon Beach W Bonny Doon Rd, 37.0003, -122.181 1, 8m, A Stockman, P Marek 29.i.2006 [MY3501-04, 2♀ 2juv, AUMNH]; Sunset St Beach, 36.878, -121.8261 1, 1m, A Stockman, P Marek 28.i.2006 [MY3492-97 1♀, 5juv, AUMNH]; Waddell Creek Beach, 37.0953, -122.277 1, 11m, A Stockman, P Marek 29.i.2006 [MY3505, 08, 3♀ 1juv, AUMNH]; Wilder Ranch St Park, parking area N main entrance, 36.9668, -122.1228 1, 4m, A Stockman, P Marek 29.i.2006 [MY3498-500, 3♀, AUMNH; MY3499, 1♀, AUMNH].
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
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Variation, males (3). Cl 5.65-6.38, 6.09
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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0.22; Cw 4.85-5.63, 5.37
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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0.26; STRl 3.10-3.60, 3.28
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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0.16; STRw 2.76-3.25, 3.00
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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0.14; LBw 0.85-0.94, 0.91
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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0.03; LBl 0.51-0.53, 0.52
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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0.01; leg I: 5.10-5.50, 5.33
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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0.12; 3.25-3.75, 3.53
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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0.15; 3.25-3.75, 3.53
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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0.15; 2.00-2.35, 2.23
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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0.12; 1.75-2.25, 2.08
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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0.17; leg IV: 5.00-5.25, 5.15
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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0.08; 2.35-3.00, 2.70
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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0.19; PTl 2.25-2.50, 2.42
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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0.08; PTw 0.85-1.00, 0.93
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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0.04; Bl 1.05-1.45, 1.29
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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0.12; TSp 3-6, 4.33
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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0.88; TSr 0-6, 3.00
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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1.73; TSrd 4-8, 5.67
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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1.20.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
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Variation, females (5). Cl 7.20-9.00, 7.98
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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0.32; Cw 6.56-7.90, 7.39
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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0.23; STRl 3.90-5.15, 4.63
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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0.22; STRw 3.70-4.75, 4.31
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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0.17; LBw 1.28-1.70, 1.50
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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0.07; LBl 0.85-1.02, 0.94
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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0.04; Leg I: 14.05-20.51, 17.74
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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1.08; ANTd 6-10, 7.60
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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0.81; PTLs 16-29, 20.40
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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2.38; TBs 5-11, 7.20
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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1.11.
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
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<paragraph pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
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Figures 82-87.
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Euctenizidae" genus="Aptostichus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aptostichus stephencolberti" order="Araneae" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stephencolberti">Aptostichus stephencolberti</taxonomicName>
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Bond, 2008. 82 male habitus from San Francisco Co. (AP156) [805762] 83-85 male holotype from San Mateo Co., Pescadero State Beach (MY3515); scale bar = 1.0mm 83 retrolateral aspect leg I [805751] 84 prolateral aspect leg I [805747] 85 retrolateral aspect pedipalp [805753] 86 female habitus from Santa Cruz Co., Waddell Creek Beach (MY3508) [805758] 87 cleared spermathecae, from San Luis Obispo Co., Wilder Ranch State Beach (MY3500) [805754]; scale bar = 0.25mm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
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<paragraph pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
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Figures 88-90.
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Euctenizidae" genus="Aptostichus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aptostichus stephencolberti" order="Araneae" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stephencolberti">Aptostichus stephencolberti</taxonomicName>
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specimens, live photographs. 88 male holotype from San Mateo Co., Pescadero State Beach (MY3515) 89, 90 specimens from Monterey Co., Marina Dunes State Park (AUMS20).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="40" pageNumber="41" type="genbank accessions">
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<paragraph pageId="40" pageNumber="41">GenBank accessions.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="40" pageNumber="41">16S-tRNAval-12S: EU569930-EU569939, EU570008-EU570021, EU570028-EU570031, JX103357- JX103366; 18S (partial)-ITS1-5.8S-ITS2: EU569888-EU569892.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="40" pageNumber="41" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Distribution and natural history.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Euctenizidae" genus="Aptostichus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aptostichus stephencolberti" order="Araneae" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stephencolberti">Aptostichus stephencolberti</taxonomicName>
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is distributed throughout the coastal dune habitats of San Francisco, San Mateo, Santa Cruz, and Monterey Counties with a single population recorded from San Luis Obispo County (Map 4). Individuals are found in relatively deep burrows on the steep faces of sand dunes and at the base of coastal vegetation. Burrows comprise a thick silk lining and are covered by a very cryptic trapdoor constructed of silk and sand. Dune habitats disturbed by high concentrations of the invasive
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Aizoaceae" genus="Carpobrotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Carpobrotus edulis" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="edulis">Carpobrotus edulis</taxonomicName>
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(ice plant) tend to lack
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Euctenizidae" genus="Aptostichus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aptostichus stephencolberti" order="Araneae" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stephencolberti">Aptostichus stephencolberti</taxonomicName>
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individuals entirely. The DM for this species (Map 5) follows closely with the known distribution to include the southernmost-recorded locality for the species. Wandering males (2) have been collected in August and September; two males have been collected from burrows in January.
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
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<paragraph pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
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Maps 4, 5.
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Euctenizidae" genus="Aptostichus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aptostichus stephencolberti" order="Araneae" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stephencolberti">Aptostichus stephencolberti</taxonomicName>
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, Bond 2008. 4 distribution of known specimens 5 predicted distribution; cooler
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<normalizedToken originalValue="colors–blue">colors-blue</normalizedToken>
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<normalizedToken originalValue="shades–represent">shades-represent</normalizedToken>
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areas of high probability of occurrence, warmer
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<normalizedToken originalValue="colors–yellow">colors-yellow</normalizedToken>
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and orange
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<normalizedToken originalValue="shades–represent">shades-represent</normalizedToken>
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areas of low probability of occurrence.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="42" lastPageNumber="43" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" type="conservation status">
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<paragraph pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Conservation status.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="42" lastPageNumber="43" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Euctenizidae" genus="Aptostichus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aptostichus stephencolberti" order="Araneae" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stephencolberti">Aptostichus stephencolberti</taxonomicName>
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is generally abundant at localities along the California coast (Map 4). However, the species is particularly vulnerable to invasive plant species (e.g., ice plant,
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Aizoaceae" genus="Carpobrotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Carpobrotus edulis" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="edulis">Carpobrotus edulis</taxonomicName>
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) and is highly structured
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<pageBreakToken pageId="41" pageNumber="42" start="start">genetically</pageBreakToken>
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across its distribution thus many populations contain unique alleles (
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<bibRefCitation author="Bond, JE" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Biology" pageId="163" pageNumber="164" pagination="628 - 646" title="An Integrative Method for Delimiting Cohesion Species: Finding the Population-Species Interface in a Group of Californian Trapdoor Spiders with Extreme Genetic Divergence and Geographic Structuring." url="10.1080/10635150802302443" volume="57" year="2008">Bond and Stockman 2008</bibRefCitation>
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). Moreover, divergent populations at the southernmost extent of the distribution comprise very few individuals (specimens are rare, despite extensive
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<pageBreakToken pageId="42" pageNumber="43" start="start">searching</pageBreakToken>
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). Consequently, I would consider this species to be apparently secure or vulnerable, contingent upon future delimitation of divergent lineages as nominal taxa.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="42" pageNumber="43" type="species concept applied">
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<paragraph pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Species concept applied.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
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Cohesion.
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Euctenizidae" genus="Aptostichus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aptostichus stephencolberti" order="Araneae" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stephencolberti">Aptostichus stephencolberti</taxonomicName>
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is considered to be ecological non-interchangeable from other closely related
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<normalizedToken originalValue="lineages–it">lineages-it</normalizedToken>
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is restricted to coastal dune habitat and has psammophilic features (e.g., lighter coloration).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |