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<document id="9D2055BA15A6CFAAFE1A0125AF9675DD" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.5753778" ID-ISSN="1638-9387" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5753778" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1630331563133" checkinUser="marcus" docAuthor="Lourenço, Wilson R. &amp; Goodman, Steven M." docDate="2008" docId="DE2D87E5FFBEFF8B7658FAA54669FD3C" docLanguage="en" docName="Zoosystema.2008.30.3.665-679.pdf" docOrigin="Zoosystema 30 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:2A9C6F9EA5F90D98170D9E0D9CA29375.4:Zoosystema.2000-2008.journal_article.type1" docStyleId="2A9C6F9EA5F90D98170D9E0D9CA29375" docStyleName="Zoosystema.2000-2008.journal_article.type1" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Opisthacanthus pauliani Lourenço &amp; Goodman 2008, n. sp." docType="treatment" docUuid="D7E90306-A1A5-4C8F-9BDB-470E2EF01A20" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="677" masterDocId="2214FF9DFFB6FF877550FFA94207FF9F" masterDocTitle="Scorpions of the Réserve spéciale dAnkarana, Madagascar, with particular reference to cave-dwelling animals and the description of two new species (Arachnida, Scorpiones)" masterLastPageNumber="679" masterPageNumber="665" pageNumber="673" updateTime="1699230852284" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC0-1.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC0-1.0" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:title id="9EAAA49B4DEA900C0BD6186DB880FCB6">Scorpions of the Réserve spéciale dAnkarana, Madagascar, with particular reference to cave-dwelling animals and the description of two new species (Arachnida, Scorpiones)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="044E8E78BF4F0EA479A6EFDD144F2CC0" type="personal">
<mods:role id="22011CA9341C3A4AA235DBE63301978B">
<mods:roleTerm id="05DB7DF916D3A8F9A99DBF7656E58525">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="DF01FEAED6084147A5D3021952D549D4">Lourenço, Wilson R.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="E59E8AC4EFEEB32EC2B43919ED7D55CB">Muséum national dHistoire naturelle, Département Systématique et Évolution, USM 0602, section Arthropodes (Arachnologie), case postale 53, 57 rue Cuvier, F- 75231 Paris cedex 05 (France) arachne @ mnhn. fr</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="8D15F563CE636BF58D82FD0A0B7CCD39" type="email">arachne@mnhn.fr</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:role id="6F86574E2D0F6510BD71D8023A336DA3">
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<mods:namePart id="221EA221BA321DF601E3162FF8028217">Goodman, Steven M.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="9FCE4BAFC51D4D3D62F5F6612BB3241D">Field Museum of Natural History, 1400 South Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, Illinois 60605 (USA) and Vahatra, BP 3972, Antananarivo (101) (Madagascar) sgoodman @ fieldmuseum. org</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="575BED56C946DE7389883EA14B602E51">Zoosystema</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="D39F46B4AA835AACC7940B399D2B0FEF">
<mods:date id="9931170F2034C0F31AC65BB591B8AE9A">2008</mods:date>
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<subSubSection id="1E9E6578FFBEFF8F7658FAA54651FAB7" box="[776,1110,1292,1320]" pageId="8" pageNumber="673" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="563B36F3FFBEFF8F7658FAA54651FAB7" blockId="8.[776,1110,1292,1352]" box="[776,1110,1292,1320]" pageId="8" pageNumber="673">
<heading id="0D73819FFFBEFF8F7658FAA54651FAB7" box="[776,1110,1292,1320]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="673" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="91844D70FFBEFF8F7658FAA54613FAB8" ID-CoL="6SQTH" authority="Lourenço &amp; Goodman, 2008" authorityName="Lourenço &amp; Goodman" authorityYear="2008" box="[776,1044,1292,1319]" class="Arachnida" family="Hormuridae" genus="Opisthacanthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="8" pageNumber="673" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pauliani" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="64F0EAE1FFBEFF8F7658FAA54613FAB8" bold="true" box="[776,1044,1292,1319]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="673">Opisthacanthus pauliani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="7FC3579AFFBEFF8F714BFAA44651FAB7" box="[1051,1110,1293,1320]" pageId="8" pageNumber="673" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="1E9E6578FFBEFF8F762BFA8441E3FAD7" box="[891,996,1325,1352]" pageId="8" pageNumber="673" type="description">
<paragraph id="563B36F3FFBEFF8F762BFA8441E3FAD7" blockId="8.[776,1110,1292,1352]" box="[891,996,1325,1352]" pageId="8" pageNumber="673">
(
<figureCitation id="CEBF2A76FFBEFF8F76D2FA8441DCFAD7" box="[898,987,1325,1352]" captionStart-0="FIG" captionStart-1="FIG" captionStart-2="FIG" captionStartId-0="8.[333,344,1221,1238]" captionStartId-1="9.[113,124,1658,1675]" captionStartId-2="10.[113,124,1635,1652]" captionTargetBox-1="[207,1078,225,1588]" captionTargetBox-2="[291,1059,219,1594]" captionTargetId-1="figure-17@9.[149,1175,189,1623]" captionTargetId-2="figure-16@10.[229,1094,189,1623]" captionTargetPageId-1="9" captionTargetPageId-2="10" captionText-0="FIG. 5. — Opisthacanthus pauliani n. sp., ♂ holotype, habitus. Scale bar: 5 mm." captionText-1="FIG. 6. — Opisthacanthus pauliani n. sp., ♂ holotype: A, carapace; B, chelicera; C, ventral aspect, showing coxapophysis, sternum, genital operculum, pectines and sternite III; D, hemispermatophore, external aspect. Scale bars: 2 mm." captionText-2="FIG. 7. — Opisthacanthus pauliani n. sp., ♂ holotype, trichobothrial pattern: A-C, chela dorso-external, external and ventral aspects; D, femur, dorsal aspect; E, fixed finger, internal aspect; F-H, patella, dorsal, external and ventral aspects; I, cutting edge of movable finger with rows of granules. Scale bars: 2 mm." figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5753786" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5753788" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/5753786/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/5753788/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="673">Figs 5-7</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="1E9E6578FFBEFF8F77F5FAC34193FA4E" pageId="8" pageNumber="673" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="563B36F3FFBEFF8F77F5FAC34193FA4E" blockId="8.[675,1210,1386,1489]" pageId="8" pageNumber="673">
<collectionCode id="3095AE36FFBEFF8F77F5FAC34103FA1F" box="[677,772,1386,1409]" pageId="8" pageNumber="673">MATERIAL</collectionCode>
EXAMINED. —
<emphasis id="64F0EAE1FFBEFF8F76C3FAC3460CFA1D" bold="true" box="[915,1035,1386,1410]" pageId="8" pageNumber="673">
<collectingCountry id="2E937663FFBEFF8F76C3FAC3460FFA1D" box="[915,1032,1386,1410]" name="Madagascar" pageId="8" pageNumber="673">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
.
</emphasis>
<collectingRegion id="9440F811FFBEFF8F715FFAC340C9FA03" country="Madagascar" name="Antsiranana" pageId="8" pageNumber="673">Antsiranana Province</collectingRegion>
, Réserve spéciale dAnkarana, grotte dAmbatoharana,
<quantity id="917C9B16FFBEFF8F77F3FA3740D4FA29" box="[675,723,1438,1462]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="673" unit="m" value="30.0">30 m</quantity>
from the entry,
<date id="223A1033FFBEFF8F7633FA3741B3FA29" box="[867,948,1438,1462]" pageId="8" pageNumber="673" value="1949-11">XI.1949</date>
, J. Millot leg.,
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<typeStatus id="893F8851FFBEFF8F7132FA3746B0FA29" box="[1122,1207,1438,1462]" pageId="8" pageNumber="673" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
,
<specimenCount id="4082FD7AFFBEFF8F77F3FA1040CDFA4E" box="[675,714,1465,1489]" pageId="8" pageNumber="673" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
<typeStatus id="893F8851FFBEFF8F7780FA104124FA4E" box="[720,803,1465,1489]" pageId="8" pageNumber="673" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
(
<collectionCode id="3095AE36FFBEFF8F7661FA10418EFA4E" box="[817,905,1465,1489]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="8" pageNumber="673">MNHN</collectionCode>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="1E9E6578FFBEFF8C77F5FA444330FE11" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="676" pageId="8" pageNumber="673" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="563B36F3FFBEFF8F77F5FA4441A6F93C" blockId="8.[675,1212,1516,1699]" pageId="8" pageNumber="673">
DIAGNOSIS. — Medium size scorpions: male
<quantity id="917C9B16FFBEFF8F7109FA4546A7F99B" box="[1113,1184,1516,1540]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.2" pageId="8" pageNumber="673" unit="mm" value="52.0">52 mm</quantity>
in total length. Coloration yellowish to slightly reddishyellow, with some dark zones on pedipalp carinae.Pectines with 7-7 teeth in males. Hemispermatophore as in
<figureCitation id="CEBF2A76FFBEFF8F77F7F9FF4117F9F1" box="[679,784,1622,1646]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="9.[113,124,1658,1675]" captionTargetBox="[207,1078,225,1588]" captionTargetId="figure-17@9.[149,1175,189,1623]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIG. 6. — Opisthacanthus pauliani n. sp., ♂ holotype: A, carapace; B, chelicera; C, ventral aspect, showing coxapophysis, sternum, genital operculum, pectines and sternite III; D, hemispermatophore, external aspect. Scale bars: 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5753786" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5753786/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="673">Figure 6D</figureCitation>
. Male genital operculum large and slightly heart-like shaped (
<figureCitation id="CEBF2A76FFBEFF8F760FF9D841A9F916" box="[863,942,1649,1673]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="9.[113,124,1658,1675]" captionTargetBox="[207,1078,225,1588]" captionTargetId="figure-17@9.[149,1175,189,1623]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIG. 6. — Opisthacanthus pauliani n. sp., ♂ holotype: A, carapace; B, chelicera; C, ventral aspect, showing coxapophysis, sternum, genital operculum, pectines and sternite III; D, hemispermatophore, external aspect. Scale bars: 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5753786" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5753786/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="673">Fig. 6C</figureCitation>
). Trichobothrial pattern of
<typeStatus id="893F8851FFBEFF8F77F6F92240D7F93C" box="[678,720,1675,1699]" pageId="8" pageNumber="673">type</typeStatus>
C, orthobothriotaxy.
</paragraph>
<caption id="02FB667BFFBFFF8E7521F9D341CBF93E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5753786" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5753786" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5753786/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="674" startId="9.[113,124,1658,1675]" targetBox="[207,1078,225,1588]" targetPageId="9">
<paragraph id="563B36F3FFBFFF8E7521F9D341CBF93E" blockId="9.[113,1211,1657,1697]" pageId="9" pageNumber="674">
FIG. 6. —
<taxonomicName id="91844D70FFBFFF8E7592F9D0438DF915" authority="Lourenço &amp; Goodman, 2008" authorityName="Lourenço &amp; Goodman" authorityYear="2008" box="[194,394,1657,1674]" class="Arachnida" family="Hormuridae" genus="Opisthacanthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="9" pageNumber="674" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pauliani" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="64F0EAE1FFBFFF8E7592F9D0438DF915" box="[194,394,1657,1674]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="674">Opisthacanthus pauliani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="7FC3579AFFBFFF8E74DFF9D343C5F914" box="[399,450,1658,1675]" pageId="9" pageNumber="674" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, ♂ holotype:
<emphasis id="64F0EAE1FFBFFF8E7760F9D0403AF915" bold="true" box="[560,573,1657,1674]" pageId="9" pageNumber="674">A</emphasis>
, carapace;
<emphasis id="64F0EAE1FFBFFF8E77CFF9D040ABF915" bold="true" box="[671,684,1657,1674]" pageId="9" pageNumber="674">B</emphasis>
, chelicera;
<emphasis id="64F0EAE1FFBFFF8E765DF9D0411CF915" bold="true" box="[781,795,1657,1674]" pageId="9" pageNumber="674">C</emphasis>
, ventral aspect, showing coxapophysis, sternum, genital operculum, pectines and sternite III;
<emphasis id="64F0EAE1FFBFFF8E748EF93943EBF93E" bold="true" box="[478,492,1680,1697]" pageId="9" pageNumber="674">D</emphasis>
, hemispermatophore, external aspect. Scale bars: 2 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="563B36F3FFBCFF8D7453FF4E4313FE9F" blockId="10.[259,276,231,256]" box="[259,276,231,256]" pageId="10" pageNumber="675">A</paragraph>
<caption id="02FB667BFFBCFF8D7521F9CA43FDF93E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5753788" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5753788" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5753788/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="675" startId="10.[113,124,1635,1652]" targetBox="[291,1059,219,1594]" targetPageId="10">
<paragraph id="563B36F3FFBCFF8D7521F9CA43FDF93E" blockId="10.[113,1211,1635,1697]" pageId="10" pageNumber="675">
FIG. 7. —
<taxonomicName id="91844D70FFBCFF8D7591F9CA438EF9EB" authority="Lourenço &amp; Goodman, 2008" authorityName="Lourenço &amp; Goodman" authorityYear="2008" box="[193,393,1635,1652]" class="Arachnida" family="Hormuridae" genus="Opisthacanthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="10" pageNumber="675" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pauliani" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="64F0EAE1FFBCFF8D7591F9CA438EF9EB" box="[193,393,1635,1652]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="675">Opisthacanthus pauliani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="7FC3579AFFBCFF8D74DEF9CA43C7F9EB" box="[398,448,1635,1652]" pageId="10" pageNumber="675" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, ♂ holotype, trichobothrial pattern:
<emphasis id="64F0EAE1FFBCFF8D77B6F9CA410FF9EB" bold="true" box="[742,776,1635,1652]" pageId="10" pageNumber="675">A -C</emphasis>
, chela dorso-external, external and ventral aspects;
<emphasis id="64F0EAE1FFBCFF8D7521F9D04278F915" bold="true" box="[113,127,1657,1674]" pageId="10" pageNumber="675">D</emphasis>
, femur, dorsal aspect;
<emphasis id="64F0EAE1FFBCFF8D746EF9D0434DF915" bold="true" box="[318,330,1657,1674]" pageId="10" pageNumber="675">E</emphasis>
, fixed finger, internal aspect;
<emphasis id="64F0EAE1FFBCFF8D776FF9D04058F915" bold="true" box="[575,607,1657,1675]" pageId="10" pageNumber="675">F -H</emphasis>
, patella, dorsal, external and ventral aspects;
<emphasis id="64F0EAE1FFBCFF8D768FF9D041E2F915" bold="true" box="[991,997,1657,1674]" pageId="10" pageNumber="675">I</emphasis>
, cutting edge of movable finger with rows of granules. Scale bars: 2 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="563B36F3FFBDFF8C75D8FF7E4330FE11" blockId="11.[112,647,215,398]" pageId="11" pageNumber="676">
The new species can be distinguished from
<taxonomicName id="91844D70FFBDFF8C7744FF7E42BBFE96" authorityName="Kraepelin" authorityYear="1894" class="Arachnida" family="Hormuridae" genus="Opisthacanthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="11" pageNumber="676" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="madagascariensis">
<emphasis id="64F0EAE1FFBDFF8C7744FF7E42BBFE96" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="676">O. madagascariensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and the other Malagasy species of
<taxonomicName id="91844D70FFBDFF8C74AAFF584080FE96" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1861" box="[506,647,241,265]" class="Arachnida" family="Hormuridae" genus="Opisthacanthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="11" pageNumber="676" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="64F0EAE1FFBDFF8C74AAFF584080FE96" box="[506,647,241,265]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="676">Opisthacanthus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the following characters: 1) a very much paler general coloration; 2) reduction of the median and lateral eyes of about 25% of their size; and 3) hemispermatophore with the distal lamina shorter than in
<taxonomicName id="91844D70FFBDFF8C749FFEF54081FEEC" authorityName="Kraepelin" authorityYear="1894" box="[463,646,347,371]" class="Arachnida" family="Hormuridae" genus="Opisthacanthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="11" pageNumber="676" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="madagascariensis">
<emphasis id="64F0EAE1FFBDFF8C749FFEF54081FEEC" box="[463,646,347,371]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="676">O. madagascariensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and not as enlarged.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="1E9E6578FFBDFF8C7521FE0F43E2FDB8" pageId="11" pageNumber="676" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="563B36F3FFBDFF8C7521FE0F43E2FDB8" blockId="11.[112,648,421,551]" pageId="11" pageNumber="676">ETYMOLOGY. — Patronym in honour of the late Prof. Renaud Paulian, who devoted many years of his life to the study of numerous aspects of the Malagasy fauna. He was of paramount importance in launching the modern era of zoological studies on the island.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="1E9E6578FFBDFF8C7521FDFC4195FA38" pageId="11" pageNumber="676" type="description">
<paragraph id="563B36F3FFBDFF8C7521FDFC4305FDF2" blockId="11.[111,649,597,1066]" box="[113,258,597,623]" pageId="11" pageNumber="676">DESCRIPTION</paragraph>
<paragraph id="563B36F3FFBDFF8C7521FDDC42D8FD32" blockId="11.[111,649,597,1066]" pageId="11" pageNumber="676">
(based on
<specimenCount id="4082FD7AFFBDFF8C75B0FDDE42F1FD12" box="[224,246,631,653]" pageId="11" pageNumber="676" type="male"></specimenCount>
<typeStatus id="893F8851FFBDFF8C75ADFDDC435BFD10" box="[253,348,629,655]" pageId="11" pageNumber="676" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
and
<specimenCount id="4082FD7AFFBDFF8C74C2FDDE43AFFD12" box="[402,424,631,653]" pageId="11" pageNumber="676" type="male"></specimenCount>
<typeStatus id="893F8851FFBDFF8C74FFFDDD400AFD11" box="[431,525,628,654]" pageId="11" pageNumber="676" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
)
<emphasis id="64F0EAE1FFBDFF8C7521FD3A42D8FD32" box="[113,223,659,685]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="676">Coloration</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="563B36F3FFBDFF8C7521FD1A43B2FBB5" blockId="11.[111,649,597,1066]" pageId="11" pageNumber="676">
Basically yellowish with some dark zones on pedipalp carinae (
<figureCitation id="CEBF2A76FFBDFF8C7594FD7A4307FD71" box="[196,256,723,750]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[333,344,1221,1238]" captionText="FIG. 5. — Opisthacanthus pauliani n. sp., ♂ holotype, habitus. Scale bar: 5 mm." pageId="11" pageNumber="676">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
). Carapace yellowish with two slightly reddish zones laterally; median and lateral eyes surrounded with dark pigment.Tergites yellowish. Metasomal segments yellowish, with reddish zones on dorsal carinae and dorsal furrow of segments II to IV; vesicle pale yellow; aculeus reddish. Chelicerae pale yellow; fingers yellowish with pale reddish teeth. Pedipalps yellowish to reddish-yellow; most carinae dark. Venter and sternites yellowish; pectines and genital operculum pale yellow; legs yellowish with some internal carinae reddish.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="563B36F3FFBDFF8C7521FBE642EBFBF6" blockId="11.[111,649,1103,1447]" box="[113,236,1103,1129]" pageId="11" pageNumber="676">
<emphasis id="64F0EAE1FFBDFF8C7521FBE642EBFBF6" box="[113,236,1103,1129]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="676">Morphology</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="563B36F3FFBDFF8C7521FBC64152FB76" blockId="11.[111,649,1103,1447]" lastBlockId="11.[674,1212,216,1257]" pageId="11" pageNumber="676">
Carapace with some rare thin granulations laterally and with punctation; almost smooth; furrows shallow. Anterior margin with a strong concavity reaching the level of the second lateral eye (
<figureCitation id="CEBF2A76FFBDFF8C777BFB67407AFB76" box="[555,637,1230,1257]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="9.[113,124,1658,1675]" captionTargetBox="[207,1078,225,1588]" captionTargetId="figure-17@9.[149,1175,189,1623]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIG. 6. — Opisthacanthus pauliani n. sp., ♂ holotype: A, carapace; B, chelicera; C, ventral aspect, showing coxapophysis, sternum, genital operculum, pectines and sternite III; D, hemispermatophore, external aspect. Scale bars: 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5753786" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5753786/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="676">Fig. 6A</figureCitation>
). Median ocular tubercle flattened and almost in the center of the carapace; median eyes moderate, separated by less than one ocular diameter; three pairs of lateral eyes. Sternum pentagonal, wider than long (
<figureCitation id="CEBF2A76FFBDFF8C75E0FAC5430EFA18" box="[176,265,1388,1415]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="9.[113,124,1658,1675]" captionTargetBox="[207,1078,225,1588]" captionTargetId="figure-17@9.[149,1175,189,1623]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIG. 6. — Opisthacanthus pauliani n. sp., ♂ holotype: A, carapace; B, chelicera; C, ventral aspect, showing coxapophysis, sternum, genital operculum, pectines and sternite III; D, hemispermatophore, external aspect. Scale bars: 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5753786" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5753786/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="676">Fig. 6C</figureCitation>
). Genital operculum large formed by two semi-oval plates slightly heart-like shaped. Tergites with only a vestigial median carina, and with some minute granulations; almost smooth and with several punctations. Pectinal tooth count 7-
<quantity id="917C9B16FFBDFF8C77EBFE9E40E1FECD" box="[699,742,311,338]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.778" pageId="11" pageNumber="676" unit="in" value="7.0">7 in</quantity>
male
<typeStatus id="893F8851FFBDFF8C7676FE9E4182FECD" box="[806,901,311,338]" pageId="11" pageNumber="676" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
and male
<typeStatus id="893F8851FFBDFF8C76A3FE9E4654FECD" box="[1011,1107,311,338]" pageId="11" pageNumber="676" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
. Sternites smooth and shiny; VII acarinate with several punctations. Metasomal segments I to V longer than wide, with some rare and thin granulations. All carinae weakly marked in segments I-IV; segment V rounded with some spinoid granules on the ventral surface. All segments with weak setation. Telson with a pear-like shape; smooth and covered with strong setation (
<figureCitation id="CEBF2A76FFBDFF8C76D0FD9D41B8FDD0" box="[896,959,564,591]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[333,344,1221,1238]" captionText="FIG. 5. — Opisthacanthus pauliani n. sp., ♂ holotype, habitus. Scale bar: 5 mm." pageId="11" pageNumber="676">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
). Pedipalps: femur with dorsal internal, dorsal external, ventral internal, and ventral external carinae strong, tuberculate; dorsal face with very thin granulation; ventral face with some minute granulations, almost smooth; internal face moderately granulose. Patella with internal and external faces moderately granulated; dorsal and ventral faces smooth and lustrous; dorsal internal, dorsal external, ventral internal, ventral external, and external carinae strong; other carinae less wellmarked. Chela moderately to strongly granular on internal and external faces; dorsal marginal, external secondary, ventro-internal and ventral median carina strong; other carinae less well-marked. Chelicerae typical of Scorpionoidea (
<bibRefCitation id="32154B02FFBDFF8C769CFC59466CFB94" author="VACHON M." box="[972,1131,1008,1035]" pageId="11" pageNumber="676" pagination="161 - 166" refId="ref7003" refString="VACHON M. 1963. - De l'utilite, en systematique, d'une nomenclature des dents des cheliceres chez les Scorpions. Bulletin du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris, 2 e ser., 35 (2): 161 - 166." type="journal article" year="1963">Vachon 1963</bibRefCitation>
); teeth weakly sharp (
<figureCitation id="CEBF2A76FFBDFF8C7611FBB94192FBB4" box="[833,917,1040,1067]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="9.[113,124,1658,1675]" captionTargetBox="[207,1078,225,1588]" captionTargetId="figure-17@9.[149,1175,189,1623]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIG. 6. — Opisthacanthus pauliani n. sp., ♂ holotype: A, carapace; B, chelicera; C, ventral aspect, showing coxapophysis, sternum, genital operculum, pectines and sternite III; D, hemispermatophore, external aspect. Scale bars: 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5753786" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5753786/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="676">Fig. 6B</figureCitation>
). Trichobothriotaxy type C (
<figureCitation id="CEBF2A76FFBDFF8C77FDFB8640F7FBD5" box="[685,752,1071,1098]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="10.[113,124,1635,1652]" captionTargetBox="[291,1059,219,1594]" captionTargetId="figure-16@10.[229,1094,189,1623]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIG. 7. — Opisthacanthus pauliani n. sp., ♂ holotype, trichobothrial pattern: A-C, chela dorso-external, external and ventral aspects; D, femur, dorsal aspect; E, fixed finger, internal aspect; F-H, patella, dorsal, external and ventral aspects; I, cutting edge of movable finger with rows of granules. Scale bars: 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5753788" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5753788/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="676">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
); orthobothriotaxic (
<bibRefCitation id="32154B02FFBDFF8C7685FB864669FBD5" author="VACHON M." box="[981,1134,1071,1098]" pageId="11" pageNumber="676" pagination="857 - 958" refId="ref7084" refString="VACHON M. 1974. - Etude des caracteres utilises pour classer les familles et les genres de Scorpions (Arachnides). 1. La trichobothriotaxie en arachnologie. Sigles trichobothriaux et types de trichobothriotaxie chez les Scorpions. Bulletin du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris 3 e ser., nº 140, Zoologie 104: 857 - 958 (date 1973, publie en 1974)." type="journal article" year="1974">Vachon 1974</bibRefCitation>
). Legs: tarsi of legs III and IV with two prolateral and two retrolateral spines, surrounded by a few long setae. Spurs moderate. Hemispermatophore has the distal lamina short and moderately enlarged, as in
<figureCitation id="CEBF2A76FFBDFF8C778FFB674156FB76" box="[735,849,1230,1257]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="9.[113,124,1658,1675]" captionTargetBox="[207,1078,225,1588]" captionTargetId="figure-17@9.[149,1175,189,1623]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIG. 6. — Opisthacanthus pauliani n. sp., ♂ holotype: A, carapace; B, chelicera; C, ventral aspect, showing coxapophysis, sternum, genital operculum, pectines and sternite III; D, hemispermatophore, external aspect. Scale bars: 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5753786" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5753786/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="676">Figure 6D</figureCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="563B36F3FFBDFF8C77F5FAA441A6FAB8" blockId="11.[675,1210,1293,1447]" box="[677,929,1293,1319]" pageId="11" pageNumber="676">
<emphasis id="64F0EAE1FFBDFF8C77F5FAA441A6FAB8" box="[677,929,1293,1319]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="676">Ecology and distribution</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="563B36F3FFBDFF8C77F5FA844195FA38" blockId="11.[675,1210,1293,1447]" pageId="11" pageNumber="676">
In contrast to
<taxonomicName id="91844D70FFBDFF8C7664FA844190FAD8" authority="Lourenço &amp; Goodman, 2008" authorityName="Lourenço &amp; Goodman" authorityYear="2008" box="[820,919,1325,1351]" class="Arachnida" family="Hormuridae" genus="Opisthacanthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="11" pageNumber="676" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="milloti" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="64F0EAE1FFBDFF8C7664FA844190FAD8" box="[820,919,1325,1351]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="676">O. milloti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="7FC3579AFFBDFF8C76CBFA8441D2FAD7" box="[923,981,1325,1352]" pageId="11" pageNumber="676" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
,
<taxonomicName id="91844D70FFBDFF8C768EFA844654FAD8" authority="Lourenço &amp; Goodman, 2008" authorityName="Lourenço &amp; Goodman" authorityYear="2008" box="[990,1107,1325,1351]" class="Arachnida" family="Hormuridae" genus="Opisthacanthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="11" pageNumber="676" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pauliani" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="64F0EAE1FFBDFF8C768EFA844654FAD8" box="[990,1107,1325,1351]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="676">O. pauliani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="7FC3579AFFBDFF8C7108FA844688FAD7" box="[1112,1167,1325,1352]" pageId="11" pageNumber="676" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
was found inside the cave, and probably is an obligate cave-dwelling animal. Th is species is only known from the
<typeStatus id="893F8851FFBDFF8C765AFA25413FFA38" box="[778,824,1420,1447]" pageId="11" pageNumber="676">type</typeStatus>
locality.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="1E9E6578FFBDFF8B742BFA784669FD3C" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="677" pageId="11" pageNumber="676" type="key">
<paragraph id="563B36F3FFBDFF8C742BFA7841B7FA76" blockId="11.[113,1210,1489,1605]" box="[379,944,1489,1515]" pageId="11" pageNumber="676">
KEY TO THE MALAGASY SPECIES OF
<taxonomicName id="91844D70FFBDFF8C77A5FA7841B7FA76" ID-CoL="694T" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1861" box="[757,944,1489,1515]" class="Arachnida" family="Hormuridae" genus="Opisthacanthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="11" pageNumber="676" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="64F0EAE1FFBDFF8C77A5FA7841B7FA76" box="[757,944,1489,1515]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="676">OPISTHACANTHUS</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="563B36F3FFBDFF8C7521F9A341A2F9DA" blockId="11.[113,1210,1489,1605]" pageId="11" pageNumber="676">Note: the stability of the characters used in the key have been demonstrated in the study by Lourenço &amp; Goodman (2006), in which a few hundreds specimens have been examined.</paragraph>
<key id="221561C2FFBDFF8B75EDF9C54669FD3C" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="677" pageId="11" pageNumber="676">
<paragraph id="563B36F3FFBDFF8C75EDF9C54669F91B" blockId="11.[189,1134,1644,1697]" box="[189,1134,1644,1668]" pageId="11" pageNumber="676">
<keyLead id="ED7595C6FFBDFF8C75EDF9C54669F91B" box="[189,1134,1644,1668]" pageId="11" pageNumber="676">
<keyStep id="ED702E56FFBDFF8C75EDF9C54669F91B" box="[189,1134,1644,1668]" pageId="11" pageNumber="676">
1. Adult scorpions with
<quantity id="917C9B16FFBDFF8C7498F9C54056F91B" box="[456,593,1644,1668]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" metricValueMax="6.8" metricValueMin="5.2" pageId="11" pageNumber="676" unit="mm" value="60.0" valueMax="68.0" valueMin="52.0">52 to 68 mm</quantity>
in total length ...................................................... 2
</keyStep>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="563B36F3FFBDFF8B75EDF9204669FF6F" blockId="11.[189,1134,1644,1697]" lastBlockId="12.[189,1134,216,269]" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="677" pageId="11" pageNumber="676">
<keyLead id="ED7595C6FFBDFF8B75EDF9204669FF6F" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="677" pageId="11" pageNumber="676">
— Adult scorpions with
<quantity id="917C9B16FFBDFF8C7498F9204056F93F" box="[456,593,1673,1697]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" metricValueMax="4.5" metricValueMin="3.5" pageId="11" pageNumber="676" unit="mm" value="40.0" valueMax="45.0" valueMin="35.0">35 to 45 mm</quantity>
in total length ...................................................... 4
<keyStep id="ED702E56FFBAFF8B75EDFF714669FF6F" box="[189,1134,216,240]" pageId="12" pageNumber="677">2. Coloration reddish-brown to dark brown or globally blackish .................................... 3</keyStep>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="563B36F3FFBAFF8B75EDFF5C4669FE93" blockId="12.[189,1134,216,269]" box="[189,1134,245,269]" pageId="12" pageNumber="677">
<keyLead id="ED7595C6FFBAFF8B75EDFF5C4669FE93" box="[189,1134,245,269]" pageId="12" pageNumber="677">
— Coloration globally yellowish to pale yellow ......................................
<taxonomicName id="91844D70FFBAFF8B76EBFF5C4637FE92" ID-CoL="6SQTH" authority="Lourenço &amp; Goodman, 2008" authorityName="Lourenço &amp; Goodman" authorityYear="2008" box="[955,1072,245,269]" class="Arachnida" family="Hormuridae" genus="Opisthacanthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="12" pageNumber="677" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pauliani" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="64F0EAE1FFBAFF8B76EBFF5C4637FE92" box="[955,1072,245,269]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="677">O. pauliani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="7FC3579AFFBAFF8B7166FF5C4669FE93" box="[1078,1134,245,268]" pageId="12" pageNumber="677" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<keyStep id="ED702E56FFBAFF8B75EDFE814677FEE6" pageId="12" pageNumber="677">
<paragraph id="563B36F3FFBAFF8B75EDFE814669FEDF" blockId="12.[189,1136,296,377]" box="[189,1134,296,320]" pageId="12" pageNumber="677">
<keyLead id="ED7595C6FFBAFF8B75EDFE814669FEDF" box="[189,1134,296,320]" pageId="12" pageNumber="677">
3. Coloration reddish-brown to dark brown .......................................
<taxonomicName id="91844D70FFBAFF8B76F7FE814669FEDF" ID-CoL="7535J" authorityName="Kraepelin" authorityYear="1894" box="[935,1134,296,320]" class="Arachnida" family="Hormuridae" genus="Opisthacanthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="12" pageNumber="677" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="madagascariensis">
<emphasis id="64F0EAE1FFBAFF8B76F7FE814669FEDF" box="[935,1134,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="677">O. madagascariensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="563B36F3FFBAFF8B75EDFEEC4677FEE6" blockId="12.[189,1136,296,377]" pageId="12" pageNumber="677">
<keyLead id="ED7595C6FFBAFF8B75EDFEEC4677FEE6" pageId="12" pageNumber="677">
— Coloration globally blackish, including vesicle; blackish spots on pectines and genital operculum ......................................................................................................
<taxonomicName id="91844D70FFBAFF8B7145FECB4677FEE6" ID-CoL="6SR5H" authorityName="Lourenco &amp; Goodman" authorityYear="2006" box="[1045,1136,354,377]" class="Arachnida" family="Hormuridae" genus="Opisthacanthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="12" pageNumber="677" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="piceus">
<emphasis id="64F0EAE1FFBAFF8B7145FECB4677FEE6" box="[1045,1136,354,377]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="677">O. piceus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="ED702E56FFBAFF8B75EDFE3C4669FE56" pageId="12" pageNumber="677">
<paragraph id="563B36F3FFBAFF8B75EDFE3C466AFE32" blockId="12.[189,1134,405,458]" box="[189,1133,405,429]" pageId="12" pageNumber="677">
<keyLead id="ED7595C6FFBAFF8B75EDFE3C466AFE32" box="[189,1133,405,429]" pageId="12" pageNumber="677">
4. Coloration yellowish to reddish-yellow ....................................................
<taxonomicName id="91844D70FFBAFF8B76B7FE3C466AFE32" ID-CoL="74R5J" authorityName="Lourenco &amp; Goodman" authorityYear="2006" box="[999,1133,405,429]" class="Arachnida" family="Hormuridae" genus="Opisthacanthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="12" pageNumber="677" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lucienneae">
<emphasis id="64F0EAE1FFBAFF8B76B7FE3C466AFE32" box="[999,1133,405,429]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="677">O. lucienneae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="563B36F3FFBAFF8B75EDFE1B4669FE56" blockId="12.[189,1134,405,458]" box="[189,1134,433,458]" pageId="12" pageNumber="677">
<keyLead id="ED7595C6FFBAFF8B75EDFE1B4669FE56" box="[189,1134,433,458]" pageId="12" pageNumber="677">— Coloration dark; reddish-brown to dark brown .......................................................... 5</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="ED702E56FFBAFF8B75EDFE4C4669FDCC" pageId="12" pageNumber="677">
<paragraph id="563B36F3FFBAFF8B75EDFE4C4668FD85" blockId="12.[189,1135,485,595]" pageId="12" pageNumber="677">
<keyLead id="ED7595C6FFBAFF8B75EDFE4C4668FD85" pageId="12" pageNumber="677">5. Female genital operculum with an almost oval-shape, and without any incision in the base ............................................................................................................................ 6</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="563B36F3FFBAFF8B75EDFDB64669FDCC" blockId="12.[189,1135,485,595]" pageId="12" pageNumber="677">
<keyLead id="ED7595C6FFBAFF8B75EDFDB64669FDCC" pageId="12" pageNumber="677">
— Female genital operculum heart-like shaped with a small incision in the base ................ .................................................................................................................
<taxonomicName id="91844D70FFBAFF8B76B9FD954669FDCC" ID-CoL="752TJ" authorityName="Lourenco &amp; Goodman" authorityYear="2006" box="[1001,1134,571,595]" class="Arachnida" family="Hormuridae" genus="Opisthacanthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="12" pageNumber="677" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maculatus">
<emphasis id="64F0EAE1FFBAFF8B76B9FD954669FDCC" box="[1001,1134,571,595]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="677">O. maculatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="ED702E56FFBAFF8B75EDFDC74669FD3C" pageId="12" pageNumber="677">
<paragraph id="563B36F3FFBAFF8B75EDFDC74669FD19" blockId="12.[189,1134,622,675]" box="[189,1134,622,646]" pageId="12" pageNumber="677">
<keyLead id="ED7595C6FFBAFF8B75EDFDC74669FD19" box="[189,1134,622,646]" pageId="12" pageNumber="677">
6. Sternite VII without carinae ...................................................................
<taxonomicName id="91844D70FFBAFF8B76B0FDC64669FD19" ID-CoL="6T35K" authorityName="Lourenco &amp; Goodman" authorityYear="2006" box="[992,1134,622,646]" class="Arachnida" family="Hormuridae" genus="Opisthacanthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="12" pageNumber="677" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="darainensis">
<emphasis id="64F0EAE1FFBAFF8B76B0FDC64669FD19" box="[992,1134,622,646]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="677">O. darainensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="563B36F3FFBAFF8B75EDFD254669FD3C" blockId="12.[189,1134,622,675]" box="[189,1134,651,675]" pageId="12" pageNumber="677">
<keyLead id="ED7595C6FFBAFF8B75EDFD254669FD3C" box="[189,1134,651,675]" pageId="12" pageNumber="677">
— Sternite VII with four moderate carinae ..............................................
<taxonomicName id="91844D70FFBAFF8B769DFD254637FD3C" ID-CoL="6T2TH" authority="Lourenço &amp; Goodman, 2008" authorityName="Lourenço &amp; Goodman" authorityYear="2008" box="[973,1072,651,675]" class="Arachnida" family="Hormuridae" genus="Opisthacanthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="12" pageNumber="677" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="milloti" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="64F0EAE1FFBAFF8B769DFD254637FD3C" box="[973,1072,651,675]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="677">O. milloti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="7FC3579AFFBAFF8B7166FD254669FD3C" box="[1078,1134,652,675]" pageId="12" pageNumber="677" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
</key>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>