306 lines
41 KiB
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306 lines
41 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1018.61033" ID-GBIF-Dataset="6b752569-7f6e-4e32-8e0b-f7dc8b3711d4" ID-PMC="PMC7907054" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-1018-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="84B0D9BEE71D5171B80C3F4CBFDC7366" ID-PubMed="33664609" ID-ZooBank="7E9360A5A359437A91C004C74B1FE9D6" ModsDocID="1313-2970-1018-1" checkinTime="1613747250157" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Cumming, Royce T., Bank, Sarah, Bresseel, Joachim, Constant, Je ́ ro ̂ me, Tirant, Stephane Le, Dong, Zhiwei, Sonet, Gontran & Bradler, Sven" docDate="2021" docId="A16BAF5141C05232A40975226EEEBA20" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1018: 1-179" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1018" docPubDate="2021-02-18" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1018.61033" docTitle="Cryptophyllium chrisangi Cumming & Bank & Bresseel & Constant & Tirant & Dong & Sonet & Bradler 2021, comb. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="5" id="84B0D9BEE71D5171B80C3F4CBFDC7366" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="84B0D9BEE71D5171B80C3F4CBFDC7366" masterDocTitle="Cryptophyllium, the hidden leaf insects - descriptions of a new leaf insect genus and thirteen species from the former celebicum species group (Phasmatodea, Phylliidae)" masterLastPageNumber="179" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1668149808794" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Cryptophyllium, the hidden leaf insects - descriptions of a new leaf insect genus and thirteen species from the former celebicum species group (Phasmatodea, Phylliidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Cumming, Royce T.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7930-1292</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Montreal Insectarium, 4581 rue Sherbrooke est, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H 1 X 2 B 2 & Richard Gilder Graduate School, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY 10024, USA & Biology, Graduate Center, City University of New York, NY, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">roycecumming@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Bank, Sarah</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6952-1590</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Animal Evolution and Biodiversity, Johann-Friedrich-Blumenbach Institute for Zoology and Anthropology, University of Go ̈ ttingen, Untere Karspu ̈ le 2, 37073, Go ̈ ttingen, Germany</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">sarah.bank@uni-goettingen.de</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Bresseel, Joachim</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, O. D. Taxonomy and Phylogeny and JEMU, rue Vautier 29, B- 1000, Brussels, Belgium</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Constant, Je ́ ro ̂ me</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, O. D. Taxonomy and Phylogeny and JEMU, rue Vautier 29, B- 1000, Brussels, Belgium</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Tirant, Stephane Le</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Montreal Insectarium, 4581 rue Sherbrooke est, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H 1 X 2 B 2</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Dong, Zhiwei</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650223, China</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Sonet, Gontran</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, O. D. Taxonomy and Phylogeny and JEMU, rue Vautier 29, B- 1000, Brussels, Belgium</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Bradler, Sven</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9307-1032</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Animal Evolution and Biodiversity, Johann-Friedrich-Blumenbach Institute for Zoology and Anthropology, University of Go ̈ ttingen, Untere Karspu ̈ le 2, 37073, Go ̈ ttingen, Germany</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:date>2021</mods:date>
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<mods:number>2021-02-18</mods:number>
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<mods:number>1018</mods:number>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1018.61033</mods:url>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-1018-1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="177429202" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A16BAF5141C05232A40975226EEEBA20" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/A16BAF5141C05232A40975226EEEBA20" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName LSID="A16BAF51-41C0-5232-A409-75226EEEBA20" authority="(Seow-Choen, 2017)" authorityName="Cumming & Bank & Bresseel & Constant & Tirant & Dong & Sonet & Bradler" authorityYear="2021" baseAuthorityName="Seow-Choen" baseAuthorityYear="2017" class="Insecta" family="Phylliidae" genus="Cryptophyllium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cryptophyllium chrisangi" order="Phasmida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chrisangi" status="comb. nov.">Cryptophyllium chrisangi (Seow-Choen, 2017)</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="1">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Known eggs for the Cryptophyllium gen. nov. set in couplets of lateral and then dorsal views. All images except for K and L were taken by Bruno Kneubu ̈ hler (Switzerland), K and L images taken by the first author, Q and R images taken by Rene ́ Limoges (IMQC) A, B Cryptophyllium westwoodii comb. nov. C, D Cryptophyllium tibetense comb. nov. E, F Cryptophyllium bollensi gen. et sp. nov. G, H Cryptophyllium oyae comb. nov. I, J Cryptophyllium icarus gen. et sp. nov. K, L Cryptophyllium liyananae gen. et sp. nov. M, N Cryptophyllium chrisangi comb. nov. O, P Cryptophyllium celebicum comb. nov. Q, R Cryptophyllium limogesi gen. et sp. nov. Scale bars 2.0 mm long." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1018.61033.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/510472" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figures 8M</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Known eggs for the Cryptophyllium gen. nov. set in couplets of lateral and then dorsal views. All images except for K and L were taken by Bruno Kneubu ̈ hler (Switzerland), K and L images taken by the first author, Q and R images taken by Rene ́ Limoges (IMQC) A, B Cryptophyllium westwoodii comb. nov. C, D Cryptophyllium tibetense comb. nov. E, F Cryptophyllium bollensi gen. et sp. nov. G, H Cryptophyllium oyae comb. nov. I, J Cryptophyllium icarus gen. et sp. nov. K, L Cryptophyllium liyananae gen. et sp. nov. M, N Cryptophyllium chrisangi comb. nov. O, P Cryptophyllium celebicum comb. nov. Q, R Cryptophyllium limogesi gen. et sp. nov. Scale bars 2.0 mm long." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1018.61033.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/510472" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 8N</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Freshly hatched nymphs known for the Cryptophyllium gen. nov., all except for C bred and photographed by Bruno Kneubu ̈ hler (Switzerland) A Cryptophyllium celebicum comb. nov. B Cryptophyllium chrisangi comb. nov. C Cryptophyllium khmer gen. et sp. nov. bred and photographed by Tim Bollens (Belgium) D Cryptophyllium tibetense comb. nov. E Cryptophyllium oyae comb. nov. F Cryptophyllium westwoodii comb. nov. G Cryptophyllium phami gen. et sp. nov. H Cryptophyllium bollensi gen. et sp. nov. I Cryptophyllium icarus gen. et sp. nov." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1018.61033.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/510473" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 9B</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 24" captionStartId="F24" captionText="Figure 24. Live Cryptophyllium chrisangi comb. nov. A female bred and photographed by Bruno Kneubu ̈ hler (Switzerland) B male genitalia, ventral view, bred by Bruno Kneubu ̈ hler (Switzerland) C male observed and photographed by Mathieu MJP Van Goethem (South Africa) on Weh Island off the north shore of Sumatra D female observed and photographed in Thailand: Nakhon Si Thammarat Province, Thung Song District, by Tatsatorn Dharithai (Thailand) in August 2020." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1018.61033.figure24" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/510488" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 24</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 25" captionStartId="F25" captionText="Figure 25. Wood-Mason's 1875 plate XVII with the beautifully illustrated ' Phyllium westwoodii ' female syntype from South Andaman. Note the morphological similarity to Cryptophyllium chrisangi comb. nov. and given the wide range of Cryptophyllium chrisangi comb. nov. outside of the type locality of Singapore, this record may represent a range expansion. Public domain work downloaded from the Biodiversity Heritage Library (https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 114410 page / 227 / mode / 1 up)" figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1018.61033.figure25" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/510489" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 25</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 26" captionStartId="F26" captionText="Figure 26. Tentative female Cryptophyllium chrisangi comb. nov. from Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia which represents a range expansion for this species, photographs by Jerome Constant (RBINS) A habitus, dorsal B details of the anterior of the head, dorsal C habitus, ventral D front leg details, dorsal E details of the head and thorax, dorsal F details of the head and thorax, lateral G genitalia details, dorsal H genitalia details, ventral I data label." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1018.61033.figure26" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/510490" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 26</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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(7 ♀♀, 5 ♂♂, 10 eggs): 2 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀: "Singapore, ex breeding" (RBINS); 1 ♂: "Singapore (Pulau Ubin), Collected at light, by Francis Seow-Choen, January 5th, 2018 (0-75 m elv)" (Coll RC 18-279); 1 ♂: "Thailand: Satun Province, Tarutao Island" (UCR); 1 ♀: "Sarawak: Kuching, 12.12, J.M. Bryan., B.M.1931-150." (NHMUK); 1 ♀: "P.
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" class="Insecta" family="Phylliidae" genus="Phyllium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phyllium siccifolium" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="siccifolium">Phyllium siccifolium</taxonomicName>
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, 4.93 Tapah, Dr. Yeh" (LKCNHM); 10 eggs:
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<normalizedToken originalValue="“Singapore”">"Singapore"</normalizedToken>
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(Coll RC 18-332-18-341); 1 ♀: "Presented by Dr. Brooke, St.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="John’s">John's</normalizedToken>
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I. 26.4.09, Coll Freie Universitat Berlin Sammlung Exotische Insekten, DEI Hemimetabola #100117".
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Photographic records</emphasis>
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: 2 ♀♀: Thailand: Nakhon Si Thammarat Province, Thung Song District, August 2020 (photographed by Tatsatorn Dharithai, Thailand);
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">1 ♂: Indonesia, Pulau Weh Island off the coast of Sumatra (photographed by Mathieu MJP Van Goethem, South Africa).</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="remarks">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Remarks.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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This species is one which was brought into the breeding community (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 24" captionStartId="F24" captionText="Figure 24. Live Cryptophyllium chrisangi comb. nov. A female bred and photographed by Bruno Kneubu ̈ hler (Switzerland) B male genitalia, ventral view, bred by Bruno Kneubu ̈ hler (Switzerland) C male observed and photographed by Mathieu MJP Van Goethem (South Africa) on Weh Island off the north shore of Sumatra D female observed and photographed in Thailand: Nakhon Si Thammarat Province, Thung Song District, by Tatsatorn Dharithai (Thailand) in August 2020." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1018.61033.figure24" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/510488" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">24A</figureCitation>
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) and has therefore allowed thorough observation of the adults, nymph, and egg morphology. Molecularly,
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Cumming & Bank & Bresseel & Constant & Tirant & Dong & Sonet & Bradler" authorityYear="2021" baseAuthorityName="Seow-Choen" baseAuthorityYear="2017" class="Insecta" family="Phylliidae" genus="Cryptophyllium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cryptophyllium chrisangi" order="Phasmida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chrisangi">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Cryptophyllium chrisangi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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comb. nov. is sister species to
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Cumming & Bank & Bresseel & Constant & Tirant & Dong & Sonet & Bradler" authorityYear="2021" baseAuthorityName="Wood-Mason" baseAuthorityYear="1875" class="Insecta" family="Phylliidae" genus="Cryptophyllium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cryptophyllium westwoodii" order="Phasmida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="westwoodii">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Cryptophyllium westwoodii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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comb. nov. with these two species biogeographically separated by the Isthmus of Kra. The Isthmus of Kra is a notable line of biogeography for several organisms (e.g.,
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2018.05.014" author="Li, F" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="545 - 555" refId="B43" refString="Li, F, Li, S, 2018. Paleocene-Eocene and Plio-Pleistocene sea-level changes as "species pumps" in Southeast Asia: Evidence from Althepus spiders. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 127: 545 - 555, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2018.05.014" title="Paleocene-Eocene and Plio-Pleistocene sea-level changes as " species pumps " in Southeast Asia: Evidence from Althepus spiders." url="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2018.05.014" volume="127" year="2018">Li and Li 2018</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1756-1051.2012.00121.x" author="Parnell, J" journalOrPublisher="Nordic Journal of Botany" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 15" refId="B49" refString="Parnell, J, 2013. The biogeography of the Isthmus of Kra region: a review. Nordic Journal of Botany 31: 1 - 15, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1756-1051.2012.00121.x" title="The biogeography of the Isthmus of Kra region: a review." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1756-1051.2012.00121.x" volume="31" year="2013">Parnell 2013</bibRefCitation>
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) which separates the Ranong and Chumphon Provinces of Thailand (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Distribution map for the 24 Cryptophyllium gen. nov. species presently known (with solid lines from their name pointing to the type locality) as well as additional Cryptophyllium gen. nov. species which we could not herein describe / differentiate (indicated by dashed lines). Note that the line for Cryptophyllium westwoodii comb. nov. is pointing to the neotype locality and the type locality for Cryptophyllium athanysus comb. nov. is simply " Ceylon " therefore the line is pointing to the present-day localities we are aware of. Inset is of southern Vietnam showing the distributions of three additional species which could not fit within the main map. The colors in this map are noted to the left of the names within the phylogenetic tree in Fig. 4. Newly herein described species have names noted in bold. Note that with Cryptophyllium khmer sp. nov. not easily distinguishable from Cryptophyllium westwoodii comb. nov. from photos alone, only the locations for these two species where they were genetically sampled are solid colored, all observational images without genetic sampling have bicolored circles and could represent either of these species. Additionally, one symbol is split three ways for Cryptophyllium gen. nov. specimens from the Thai offshore islands of Ko Phangan and Ko Samui which could not be differentiated from C. chrisangi comb. nov., C. westwoodii comb. nov., and C. khmer sp. nov. from images alone. See Suppl. material 4 for a full list of the specimens / observations utilized to make the distribution map with deposition data for specimens and links to observational records>." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1018.61033.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/510466" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">2</figureCitation>
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). This isthmus appears to be significant for the
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<taxonomicName authority="(Phyllium)" class="Insecta" family="Phylliidae" genus="Phyllium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phyllium (Phyllium)" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Phyllium">Phyllium (Phyllium)</taxonomicName>
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as no species are presently known north of this line, but insignificant for the
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<taxonomicName authority="" class="Insecta" family="Phylliidae" genus="Phyllium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phyllium (Pulchriphyllium)" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Pulchriphyllium">Phyllium (Pulchriphyllium)</taxonomicName>
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as this group is found on both sides of this line.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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With our herein designation of a neotype for
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Cumming & Bank & Bresseel & Constant & Tirant & Dong & Sonet & Bradler" authorityYear="2021" baseAuthorityName="Wood-Mason" baseAuthorityYear="1875" class="Insecta" family="Phylliidae" genus="Cryptophyllium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cryptophyllium westwoodii" order="Phasmida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="westwoodii">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Cryptophyllium westwoodii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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comb. nov. we can help to clear up possible significant confusion which surrounds this species. When Wood-Mason described this species in 1875 he did so with a male and female pair of syntypes from two different localities. The female was from "South Andaman" and the male was from "near Pahpoon, ca. 150 miles north of Moulmein, in the Salween country" (
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<bibRefCitation author="Wood-Mason, J" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Asiatic Society Bengal" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="215 - 220" publicationUrl="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/37192152" refId="B62" refString="Wood-Mason, J, 1875. On new or little-known species of Phasmidae, with a brief preliminary notice of the occurrence of a clasping apparatus in the males throughout the family. Journal of the Asiatic Society Bengal 44: 215 - 220, https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/37192152" title="On new or little-known species of Phasmidae, with a brief preliminary notice of the occurrence of a clasping apparatus in the males throughout the family." url="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/37192152" volume="44" year="1875">Wood-Mason 1875</bibRefCitation>
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). It is almost certain biogeographically that these syntypes represent two different phylliid species, not a singular
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Cumming & Bank & Bresseel & Constant & Tirant & Dong & Sonet & Bradler" authorityYear="2021" baseAuthorityName="Wood-Mason" baseAuthorityYear="1875" class="Insecta" family="Phylliidae" genus="Cryptophyllium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cryptophyllium westwoodii" order="Phasmida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="westwoodii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Cryptophyllium westwoodii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
comb. nov. as he intended. Morphologically,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Wood-Mason’s">Wood-Mason's</normalizedToken>
|
||
description and wonderful illustration of the female syntype interestingly appears very similar morphologically to
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Cumming & Bank & Bresseel & Constant & Tirant & Dong & Sonet & Bradler" authorityYear="2021" baseAuthorityName="Seow-Choen" baseAuthorityYear="2017" class="Insecta" family="Phylliidae" genus="Cryptophyllium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cryptophyllium chrisangi" order="Phasmida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chrisangi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Cryptophyllium chrisangi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
comb. nov. with the correct femoral and abdominal shapes, and alae length (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 25" captionStartId="F25" captionText="Figure 25. Wood-Mason's 1875 plate XVII with the beautifully illustrated ' Phyllium westwoodii ' female syntype from South Andaman. Note the morphological similarity to Cryptophyllium chrisangi comb. nov. and given the wide range of Cryptophyllium chrisangi comb. nov. outside of the type locality of Singapore, this record may represent a range expansion. Public domain work downloaded from the Biodiversity Heritage Library (https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 114410 page / 227 / mode / 1 up)" figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1018.61033.figure25" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/510489" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">25</figureCitation>
|
||
). With our designation of a neotype
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Cumming & Bank & Bresseel & Constant & Tirant & Dong & Sonet & Bradler" authorityYear="2021" baseAuthorityName="Wood-Mason" baseAuthorityYear="1875" class="Insecta" family="Phylliidae" genus="Cryptophyllium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cryptophyllium westwoodii" order="Phasmida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="westwoodii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Cryptophyllium westwoodii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
comb. nov. from a male from the mainland, this leaves the Andaman female somewhat mysterious as few records> of phylliids have been noted from the Andaman Islands, all of which are
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Phylliidae" genus="Phyllium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phyllium (Pulchriphyllium) bioculatum" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bioculatum" subGenus="Pulchriphyllium">Phyllium (Pulchriphyllium) bioculatum</taxonomicName>
|
||
-like species, none representing a
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Cumming & Bank & Bresseel & Constant & Tirant & Dong & Sonet & Bradler" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Phylliidae" genus="Cryptophyllium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cryptophyllium" order="Phasmida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Cryptophyllium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
gen. nov. species. Hopefully one day a fresh specimen of this
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Cumming & Bank & Bresseel & Constant & Tirant & Dong & Sonet & Bradler" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Phylliidae" genus="Cryptophyllium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cryptophyllium" order="Phasmida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Cryptophyllium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
gen. nov. species from the Andamans can be located and molecularly compared with congenerics to identify if it is an additional
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Cumming & Bank & Bresseel & Constant & Tirant & Dong & Sonet & Bradler" authorityYear="2021" baseAuthorityName="Seow-Choen" baseAuthorityYear="2017" class="Insecta" family="Phylliidae" genus="Cryptophyllium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cryptophyllium chrisangi" order="Phasmida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chrisangi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Cryptophyllium chrisangi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
comb. nov. range expansion or an undescribed species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1018.61033.figure25" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/510489" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 25" startId="F25">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 25.</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Wood-Mason, J" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Asiatic Society Bengal" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="215 - 220" publicationUrl="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/37192152" refId="B62" refString="Wood-Mason, J, 1875. On new or little-known species of Phasmidae, with a brief preliminary notice of the occurrence of a clasping apparatus in the males throughout the family. Journal of the Asiatic Society Bengal 44: 215 - 220, https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/37192152" title="On new or little-known species of Phasmidae, with a brief preliminary notice of the occurrence of a clasping apparatus in the males throughout the family." url="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/37192152" volume="44" year="1875">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Wood-Mason’s">Wood-Mason's</normalizedToken>
|
||
1875
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
plate XVII with the beautifully illustrated '
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Wood-Mason" authorityYear="1875" class="Insecta" family="Phylliidae" genus="Phyllium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phyllium westwoodii" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="westwoodii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Phyllium westwoodii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
' female syntype from South Andaman. Note the morphological similarity to
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Cumming & Bank & Bresseel & Constant & Tirant & Dong & Sonet & Bradler" authorityYear="2021" baseAuthorityName="Seow-Choen" baseAuthorityYear="2017" class="Insecta" family="Phylliidae" genus="Cryptophyllium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cryptophyllium chrisangi" order="Phasmida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chrisangi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Cryptophyllium chrisangi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
comb. nov. and given the wide range of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Cumming & Bank & Bresseel & Constant & Tirant & Dong & Sonet & Bradler" authorityYear="2021" baseAuthorityName="Seow-Choen" baseAuthorityYear="2017" class="Insecta" family="Phylliidae" genus="Cryptophyllium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cryptophyllium chrisangi" order="Phasmida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chrisangi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Cryptophyllium chrisangi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
comb. nov. outside of the type locality of Singapore, this record may represent a range expansion. Public domain work downloaded from the Biodiversity Heritage Library (https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114410#page/227/mode/1up)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="differentiation">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Differentiation.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
Females can be differentiated by the following combination of features: spade-shaped abdomen (as segment VII lacks lobes), mesopleura which are distinctly narrower on the anterior half, and alae which are only ca.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="½">1/2</normalizedToken>
|
||
as long as the tegmina. Morphologically, this species is similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Cumming & Bank & Bresseel & Constant & Tirant & Dong & Sonet & Bradler" authorityYear="2021" baseAuthorityName="Wood-Mason" baseAuthorityYear="1875" class="Insecta" family="Phylliidae" genus="Cryptophyllium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cryptophyllium westwoodii" order="Phasmida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="westwoodii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Cryptophyllium westwoodii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
comb. nov. due to the femoral and mesopleura shape, but can be differentiated by the shorter alae (only half of the tegmina length) as
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Cumming & Bank & Bresseel & Constant & Tirant & Dong & Sonet & Bradler" authorityYear="2021" baseAuthorityName="Wood-Mason" baseAuthorityYear="1875" class="Insecta" family="Phylliidae" genus="Cryptophyllium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cryptophyllium westwoodii" order="Phasmida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="westwoodii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Cryptophyllium westwoodii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
comb. nov. has alae which are nearly the same length as the tegmina (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 68" captionStartId="F68" captionText="Figure 68. Live adult Cryptophyllium westwoodii comb. nov. bred and photographed by Bruno Kneubu ̈ hler (Switzerland) from stock collected in Tha Pla Duk subdistrict, Mae Tha district, Lamphun, Thailand, collected in May / June 2014 by Suttah Ek-Amnuay (Thailand) A female habitus B male habitus C female details of the thorax, dorsal D lateral view female with tegmina lifted to show long alae E female genitalia details, ventral." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1018.61033.figure68" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/510532" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">68D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Additionally,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Cumming & Bank & Bresseel & Constant & Tirant & Dong & Sonet & Bradler" authorityYear="2021" baseAuthorityName="Westwood" baseAuthorityYear="1859" class="Insecta" family="Phylliidae" genus="Cryptophyllium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cryptophyllium athanysus" order="Phasmida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="athanysus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Cryptophyllium athanysus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
comb. nov. is morphologically similar due to the femoral, mesopleura, and abdominal shape, but can immediately be differentiated by the metatibial exterior lobes which are lacking in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Cumming & Bank & Bresseel & Constant & Tirant & Dong & Sonet & Bradler" authorityYear="2021" baseAuthorityName="Seow-Choen" baseAuthorityYear="2017" class="Insecta" family="Phylliidae" genus="Cryptophyllium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cryptophyllium chrisangi" order="Phasmida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chrisangi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Cryptophyllium chrisangi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
comb. nov.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
Males are morphologically very similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Cumming & Bank & Bresseel & Constant & Tirant & Dong & Sonet & Bradler" authorityYear="2021" baseAuthorityName="Wood-Mason" baseAuthorityYear="1875" class="Insecta" family="Phylliidae" genus="Cryptophyllium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cryptophyllium westwoodii" order="Phasmida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="westwoodii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Cryptophyllium westwoodii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
comb. nov. and we have yet to find a reliable morphological feature to differentiate these two species. Both are morphologically variable and can even have a wide range of sizes which does not allow for confident differentiation when molecular markers and locality are unknown. One of the more consistent features however is the abdominal shape as
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Cumming & Bank & Bresseel & Constant & Tirant & Dong & Sonet & Bradler" authorityYear="2021" baseAuthorityName="Wood-Mason" baseAuthorityYear="1875" class="Insecta" family="Phylliidae" genus="Cryptophyllium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cryptophyllium westwoodii" order="Phasmida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="westwoodii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Cryptophyllium westwoodii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
comb. nov. tends to have a slightly more spade-shaped abdomen with segments V-IX converging, and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Cumming & Bank & Bresseel & Constant & Tirant & Dong & Sonet & Bradler" authorityYear="2021" baseAuthorityName="Seow-Choen" baseAuthorityYear="2017" class="Insecta" family="Phylliidae" genus="Cryptophyllium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cryptophyllium chrisangi" order="Phasmida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chrisangi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Cryptophyllium chrisangi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
comb. nov. having a slightly more ovoid abdomen with segments V-VI parallel or subparallel, but we have seen morphological intermediates which do not allow this as a diagnostic feature.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
The type locality for
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Cumming & Bank & Bresseel & Constant & Tirant & Dong & Sonet & Bradler" authorityYear="2021" baseAuthorityName="Seow-Choen" baseAuthorityYear="2017" class="Insecta" family="Phylliidae" genus="Cryptophyllium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cryptophyllium chrisangi" order="Phasmida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chrisangi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Cryptophyllium chrisangi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
comb. nov. is mainland Singapore and it has additionally been recorded from St.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="John’s">John's</normalizedToken>
|
||
Island from a record in the SDEI collections. Additionally, we have observed specimens and photographs from several areas, including several from Thailand: Nakhon Si Thammarat Province, Thung Song District (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 24" captionStartId="F24" captionText="Figure 24. Live Cryptophyllium chrisangi comb. nov. A female bred and photographed by Bruno Kneubu ̈ hler (Switzerland) B male genitalia, ventral view, bred by Bruno Kneubu ̈ hler (Switzerland) C male observed and photographed by Mathieu MJP Van Goethem (South Africa) on Weh Island off the north shore of Sumatra D female observed and photographed in Thailand: Nakhon Si Thammarat Province, Thung Song District, by Tatsatorn Dharithai (Thailand) in August 2020." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1018.61033.figure24" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/510488" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">24D</figureCitation>
|
||
) and Satun Province, Tarutao Island (UCR coll.); one tentative old record of a large female from Malaysia, Sarawak, Kuching, from the NHMUK collection (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 26" captionStartId="F26" captionText="Figure 26. Tentative female Cryptophyllium chrisangi comb. nov. from Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia which represents a range expansion for this species, photographs by Jerome Constant (RBINS) A habitus, dorsal B details of the anterior of the head, dorsal C habitus, ventral D front leg details, dorsal E details of the head and thorax, dorsal F details of the head and thorax, lateral G genitalia details, dorsal H genitalia details, ventral I data label." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1018.61033.figure26" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/510490" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">26</figureCitation>
|
||
); an adult female from Tapah, Malaysia (LKCNHM); and a record from Indonesia, Pulau Weh Island off the coast of Sumatra (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 24" captionStartId="F24" captionText="Figure 24. Live Cryptophyllium chrisangi comb. nov. A female bred and photographed by Bruno Kneubu ̈ hler (Switzerland) B male genitalia, ventral view, bred by Bruno Kneubu ̈ hler (Switzerland) C male observed and photographed by Mathieu MJP Van Goethem (South Africa) on Weh Island off the north shore of Sumatra D female observed and photographed in Thailand: Nakhon Si Thammarat Province, Thung Song District, by Tatsatorn Dharithai (Thailand) in August 2020." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1018.61033.figure24" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/510488" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">24C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Hopefully molecular samples from these far-reaching areas can one day be obtained to confirm the identification as
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Cumming & Bank & Bresseel & Constant & Tirant & Dong & Sonet & Bradler" authorityYear="2021" baseAuthorityName="Seow-Choen" baseAuthorityYear="2017" class="Insecta" family="Phylliidae" genus="Cryptophyllium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cryptophyllium chrisangi" order="Phasmida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chrisangi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Cryptophyllium chrisangi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
comb. nov. but for now morphologically this is what these records> appear to represent.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1018.61033.figure26" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/510490" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 26" startId="F26">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 26.</emphasis>
|
||
Tentative female
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Cumming & Bank & Bresseel & Constant & Tirant & Dong & Sonet & Bradler" authorityYear="2021" baseAuthorityName="Seow-Choen" baseAuthorityYear="2017" class="Insecta" family="Phylliidae" genus="Cryptophyllium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cryptophyllium chrisangi" order="Phasmida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chrisangi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Cryptophyllium chrisangi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
comb. nov. from Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia which represents a range expansion for this species, photographs by
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Jérôme">Jerome</normalizedToken>
|
||
Constant (RBINS)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
|
||
habitus, dorsal
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
|
||
details of the anterior of the head, dorsal
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
|
||
habitus, ventral
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
|
||
front leg details, dorsal
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E</emphasis>
|
||
details of the head and thorax, dorsal
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F</emphasis>
|
||
details of the head and thorax, lateral
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G</emphasis>
|
||
genitalia details, dorsal
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H</emphasis>
|
||
genitalia details, ventral
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">I</emphasis>
|
||
data label.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |