404 lines
49 KiB
XML
404 lines
49 KiB
XML
<document id="DE0AD423F7F3D164DE0498B65F8FE1FD" ID-CLB-Dataset="31175" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4363.4.11" ID-GBIF-Dataset="63e22a0c-a433-4d6a-97fc-d16d175fb3fd" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1114737" ID-ZooBank="409E6B7A-BC4F-47A0-B395-9AC9702B4BFC" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1513152305056" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Evenhuis, Neal L." docDate="2017" docId="4441454B55154460FF43FE78FCFCF852" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4363.4.10.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4363 (4)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Chrysanthrax pennyi Evenhuis 2017, n. sp." docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="587" masterDocId="B8783D3355144464FFD4FFD2FFABFFF4" masterDocTitle="A new species of Chrysanthrax Osten Sacken (Diptera: Bombyliidae) from Costa Rica parasitic on an ant lion (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae)" masterLastPageNumber="588" masterPageNumber="583" pageNumber="584" updateTime="1698509244544" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
|
||
<mods:mods id="90F9D9DDF89D9DD5CB104E93351994AA" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="D3885D2DA83FB740199F42042885D5CF">
|
||
<mods:title id="F1E807C1096551075C65D23D56F207E0">A new species of Chrysanthrax Osten Sacken (Diptera: Bombyliidae) from Costa Rica parasitic on an ant lion (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae)</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name id="F084DB07BD16050662680AEB9CA25687" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="47B8590936E43D4F6943EBEF55827088">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="D4C96E4C46413F3D46C28D45D980A0D5">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="5A503CA89459BF9E1CC31B2ACD6EB7A4">Evenhuis, Neal L.</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource id="45684126A2F56BDBF95564B3E2A7BC9A">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem id="F06CB1542E0EA0563C5BFD6108B9B359" type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="470E56AD8F1B986DBB4DC07665C3D402">
|
||
<mods:title id="8309A0F3E64EC0D562D0DAFFA3487986">Zootaxa</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part id="B3CA22A35B327941853F5FEB3EB2AFD1">
|
||
<mods:date id="E6C32CE4BB727E821C5DCF9A95B7BC1A">2017</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail id="1149CA901BBD6A9703CEEAB358643201" type="pubDate">
|
||
<mods:number id="502FEC3AE3FC345E990E9E46E384282D">2017-12-13</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail id="AC843150DD565CD43CFFD570C792E79C" type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number id="581F5CCC6DC9841BEA4D830D698E00DE">4363</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail id="3FE52DF42A3C74B9733D44373C430ADD" type="issue">
|
||
<mods:number id="E4E708354D584FB500A4928E89E96EF9">4</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent id="A8DD8F146E90689F1B1C9B9B272D8E95" unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start id="1D861DB10A248C90DEB678B8B2043E5A">583</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end id="71F2CB7B080EE3B8F8C3B15D2FE20BD2">588</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:classification id="CBD081E175115916B667A7B3F8230219">journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="363981430E6D7850BA16CDC8D8D7AACE" type="CLB-Dataset">31175</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="D288956E15EDFDE3E53947E34D2FD87A" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4363.4.11</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="234E24492146EA16A288EEA46E3E601E" type="GBIF-Dataset">63e22a0c-a433-4d6a-97fc-d16d175fb3fd</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="9C69339C3D07C36904E37A18FFD7479C" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="1EBB7D0BC894D9681DAFFCD99CAF1726" type="Zenodo-Dep">1114737</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="A92CA9B1E5D9C5208512BCDE8E0BEBF3" type="ZooBank">409E6B7A-BC4F-47A0-B395-9AC9702B4BFC</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment id="4441454B55154460FF43FE78FCFCF852" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5999850" ID-GBIF-Taxon="137679966" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5999850" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4441454B55154460FF43FE78FCFCF852" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/4441454B55154460FF43FE78FCFCF852" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="587" pageId="1" pageNumber="584">
|
||
<subSubSection id="84F2A7D655154465FF43FE78FEB9FE12" pageId="1" pageNumber="584" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph id="CC57F45D55154465FF43FE78FDC8FE30" blockId="1.[151,611,426,486]" box="[151,611,426,452]" pageId="1" pageNumber="584">
|
||
<heading id="971F433155154465FF43FE78FDC8FE30" bold="true" box="[151,611,426,452]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="584" reason="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="FE9C284F55154465FF43FE78FDC8FE30" bold="true" box="[151,611,426,452]" pageId="1" pageNumber="584">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0BE88FDE55154465FF43FE78FDBFFE30" ID-CoL="8BH8N" authority="Evenhuis" authorityName="Evenhuis" authorityYear="2017" box="[151,532,426,452]" class="Insecta" family="Bombyliidae" genus="Chrysanthrax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="584" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pennyi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="FE9C284F55154465FF43FE78FE3CFE30" bold="true" box="[151,407,426,452]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="584">Chrysanthrax pennyi</emphasis>
|
||
Evenhuis
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="E5AF953455154465FDF4FE78FDC8FE30" box="[544,611,426,452]" pageId="1" pageNumber="584" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="CC57F45D55154465FF43FE1FFEB9FE12" blockId="1.[151,611,426,486]" box="[151,274,461,486]" pageId="1" pageNumber="584">
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="54D3E8D855154465FF4BFE1FFEA2FE12" box="[159,265,461,486]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStart-2="FIGURE 3" captionStart-3="FIGURE 4" captionStart-4="FIGURES 5–6" captionStartId-0="1.[151,260,1777,1802]" captionStartId-1="2.[151,250,988,1010]" captionStartId-2="2.[151,250,2006,2028]" captionStartId-3="3.[151,250,1646,1668]" captionStartId-4="4.[151,264,1377,1400]" captionTargetBox-2="[168,1425,1060,1998]" captionTargetBox-3="[151,1436,733,1625]" captionTargetBox-4="[217,1369,437,1356]" captionTargetId-2="figure@2.[168,1425,1060,1998]" captionTargetId-3="figure@3.[151,1436,733,1625]" captionTargetId-4="figure@4.[217,1369,437,1356]" captionTargetPageId-2="2" captionTargetPageId-3="3" captionTargetPageId-4="4" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Chrysanthrax pennyiEvenhuis, n. sp., habitus, dorsal view." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. Chrysanthrax pennyi Evenhuis, n. sp., wing." captionText-2="FIGURE 3. Chrysanthrax pennyi Evenhuis, n. sp., pupal exuvium, lateral view." captionText-3="FIGURE 4. Chrysanthrax pennyi Evenhuis, n. sp., pupal exuvium, dorsal view." captionText-4="FIGURES 5–6. Chrysanthrax pennyi Evenhuis, n. sp., pupal armature. 5, cephalic armature, ventral view. 6, oblique view of caudal armature." httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/1114741/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/1114755/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/1114763/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="584">Figs. 1–6</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="84F2A7D655154465FF43FDC7FEAAFD16" pageId="1" pageNumber="584" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="CC57F45D55154465FF43FDC7FB25FD82" blockId="1.[151,1437,533,1242]" pageId="1" pageNumber="584">
|
||
<emphasis id="FE9C284F55154465FF43FDC7FEA1FDDA" bold="true" box="[151,266,533,558]" pageId="1" pageNumber="584">Diagnosis</emphasis>
|
||
. Appears closest to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0BE88FDE55154465FE27FDC4FC46FDDA" authority="Evenhuis & Greathead, 1999" authorityName="Evenhuis & Greathead" authorityYear="1999" box="[499,1005,533,558]" class="Insecta" family="Bombyliidae" genus="Chrysanthrax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="584" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="panamensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="FE9C284F55154465FE27FDC4FD32FDD9" box="[499,665,534,557]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="584">C. panamensis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A87989AC55154465FD77FDC7FC46FDDA" author="Evenhuis" box="[675,1005,533,558]" pageId="1" pageNumber="584" refString="Evenhuis, N. L. & Greathead, D. J. (1999) World catalog of bee flies (Diptera: Bombyliidae). Backhuys Publishers, Leiden, xlviii + 756 pp." type="book" year="1999">Evenhuis & Greathead, 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
based on the general body coloration and wing infuscation, but can be easily separated from it by the all black scutellum (reddish orange to rust-colored in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0BE88FDE55154465FF60FD8CFEF3FD81" authorityName="Evenhuis & Greathead" authorityYear="1999" box="[180,344,606,629]" class="Insecta" family="Bombyliidae" genus="Chrysanthrax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="584" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="panamensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="FE9C284F55154465FF60FD8CFEF3FD81" box="[180,344,606,629]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="584">C. panamensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and the all black pilose pleura (yellow pile on pleura in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0BE88FDE55154465FC0DFD8CFBD5FD81" authorityName="Evenhuis & Greathead" authorityYear="1999" box="[985,1150,606,629]" class="Insecta" family="Bombyliidae" genus="Chrysanthrax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="584" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="panamensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="FE9C284F55154465FC0DFD8CFBD5FD81" box="[985,1150,606,629]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="584">C. panamensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="CC57F45D55154465FF13FD50FEAAFD16" blockId="1.[151,1437,533,1242]" pageId="1" pageNumber="584">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="7C80FE0055154465FF13FD50FF56FD16" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1705513538" collectingDate="1991-03-19" collectingDateMax="1991-06-07" collectingDateMin="1991-03-19" collectorName="N. D. Penny" country="Costa Rica" location="California Academy of Sciences" municipality="Reserva Biologica Hitoy-Cerere" pageId="1" pageNumber="584" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Limon" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<typeStatus id="13534AFF55154465FF13FD50FEA3FD6D" box="[199,264,642,665]" pageId="1" pageNumber="584">
|
||
<emphasis id="FE9C284F55154465FF13FD50FEA3FD6D" bold="true" box="[199,264,642,665]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="584">Types</emphasis>
|
||
</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
<typeStatus id="13534AFF55154465FECFFD53FE28FD6E" box="[283,387,641,666]" pageId="1" pageNumber="584" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
<specimenCount id="DAEE3FD455154465FE59FD50FE09FD6D" box="[397,418,642,665]" pageId="1" pageNumber="584" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="B4FFB4CD55154465FE3AFD53FDDFFD6E" box="[494,628,641,666]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="1" pageNumber="584">
|
||
<emphasis id="FE9C284F55154465FE3AFD53FDDFFD6E" bold="true" box="[494,628,641,666]" pageId="1" pageNumber="584">Costa Rica</emphasis>
|
||
</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="0E2C3ABF55154465FD53FD53FD7EFD6E" box="[647,725,641,666]" country="Costa Rica" name="Limon" pageId="1" pageNumber="584">Limón</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="2C336E2755154465FD37FD50FBFCFD6E" box="[739,1111,641,666]" pageId="1" pageNumber="584">Reserva Biológica Hitoy-Cerere</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate id="A8122B7555154465FBB2FD50FAABFD6E" box="[1126,1280,642,666]" pageId="1" pageNumber="584" value="1991-03-19">
|
||
<date id="B856D29D55154465FBB2FD50FAABFD6E" box="[1126,1280,642,666]" pageId="1" pageNumber="584" value="1991-03-19">19 Mar 1991</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="611D918B55154465FADBFD50FA33FD6E" box="[1295,1432,642,666]" pageId="1" pageNumber="584">N.D. Penny</collectorName>
|
||
, reared from larval
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0BE88FDE55154465FEA8FD77FE50FD4A" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1767" box="[380,507,677,702]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Myrmeleon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="584" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="FE9C284F55154465FEA8FD77FE50FD4A" box="[380,507,677,702]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="584">Myrmeleon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, emerged
|
||
<collectingDate id="A8122B7555154465FDA9FD74FCBAFD4A" box="[637,785,678,702]" pageId="1" pageNumber="584" value="1991-06-07">
|
||
<date id="B856D29D55154465FDA9FD74FCBAFD4A" box="[637,785,678,702]" pageId="1" pageNumber="584" value="1991-06-07">7 June 1991</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
from pupal case.
|
||
<typeStatus id="13534AFF55154465FC27FD77FBF0FD4A" box="[1011,1115,677,702]" pageId="1" pageNumber="584" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
in
|
||
<location id="C937A28655154465FB58FD77FF56FD16" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4441454B55154460FF43FE78FCFCF852:C937A28655154465FB58FD77FF56FD16" country="Costa Rica" municipality="Reserva Biologica Hitoy-Cerere" name="California Academy of Sciences" pageId="1" pageNumber="584" stateProvince="Limon">California Academy of Sciences</location>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="84F2A7D655154467FF13FD3FFF5DFD5C" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="586" pageId="1" pageNumber="584" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="CC57F45D55154465FF13FD3FFD2EFBF6" blockId="1.[151,1437,533,1242]" pageId="1" pageNumber="584">
|
||
<emphasis id="FE9C284F55154465FF13FD3FFE1BFCF2" bold="true" box="[199,432,749,774]" pageId="1" pageNumber="584">Descriptions. Adult</emphasis>
|
||
. Measurements. Body:
|
||
<quantity id="0B1059B855154465FD6AFD3CFCB2FCF1" box="[702,793,750,774]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.8" pageId="1" pageNumber="584" unit="mm" value="7.8">7.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Wing: 8.0 mm.
|
||
<emphasis id="FE9C284F55154465FC0CFD3FFBBFFCF2" box="[984,1044,749,774]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="584">Head</emphasis>
|
||
. Black; occipital fringe with short black hairs with magenta highlights. Eyes separated at vertex by width of ocellar triangle. Front slightly tumid, black pilose, dense black tomentose immediately above antennae. Face produced, subconical, rounded apically, with black hairs, small spot of yellow ground color at extreme ventrolateral corner. Antenna with scape subcylindrical, flared at mesoapical margin, twice as long as pedicel, with black hairs; pedicel subspherical, with medial ring of black hairs; flagellomere longer than scape and pedicel combined; base subconical, tapering to styliform apical three-fourths, style minute, terminal. Proboscis short, black, not projecting beyond oral margin. Palpi black, with sparse, minute black hairs.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="CC57F45D55154465FF13FBDFFF54FB2E" blockId="1.[151,1437,533,1242]" pageId="1" pageNumber="584">
|
||
<emphasis id="FE9C284F55154465FF13FBDFFEB3FBD2" box="[199,280,1037,1062]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="584">Thorax</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="54D3E8D855154465FEFEFBDFFEC5FBD2" box="[298,366,1037,1062]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,260,1777,1802]" captionText="FIGURE 1. Chrysanthrax pennyiEvenhuis, n. sp., habitus, dorsal view." pageId="1" pageNumber="584">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
). Mesonotum and scutellum subshining black, with anterior and lateral margins dense black pilose, these hairs with magenta highlights; disc uniformly covered with black tomentum, hairs on disc black, short, minute, not dense, hairs long in prescutellar area. Scutellum with black hairs and tomentum, long hairs along posterior margin. Pleura black above, brown below, black pilose, hairs with magenta highlights. Post alar callus with dense patch of black tomentum and long macrochaetae. Halter stem brown (both knobs broken off and missing).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="9897A4D555154465FF43F923FC68F8FE" box="[151,963,1777,1802]" pageId="1" pageNumber="584">
|
||
<paragraph id="CC57F45D55154465FF43F923FC68F8FE" blockId="1.[151,963,1777,1802]" box="[151,963,1777,1802]" pageId="1" pageNumber="584">
|
||
<emphasis id="FE9C284F55154465FF43F923FE8BF8FE" bold="true" box="[151,288,1777,1802]" pageId="1" pageNumber="584">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0BE88FDE55154465FEF3F923FD2FF8FE" authority="Evenhuis" authorityName="Evenhuis" authorityYear="2017" box="[295,644,1777,1802]" class="Insecta" family="Bombyliidae" genus="Chrysanthrax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="584" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pennyi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="FE9C284F55154465FEF3F923FDB8F8FD" box="[295,531,1777,1802]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="584">Chrysanthrax pennyi</emphasis>
|
||
Evenhuis
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="E5AF953455154465FD5BF923FD65F8FE" box="[655,718,1777,1802]" pageId="1" pageNumber="584" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="FE9C284F55154465FD5BF923FD65F8FE" bold="true" box="[655,718,1777,1802]" pageId="1" pageNumber="584">n. sp.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, habitus, dorsal view.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="CC57F45D55154465FF13F8E7FEA5F861" blockId="1.[151,1436,1844,2013]" pageId="1" pageNumber="584">
|
||
<emphasis id="FE9C284F55154465FF13F8E7FEA8F8B8" box="[199,259,1845,1868]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="584">Legs.</emphasis>
|
||
Black except hind femora with brown mesoapically; all legs with black hairs and gray to brown tomentum (both midlegs broken off and missing); fore tibia without bristles, with minute thin hairs; all claws of equal size.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="CC57F45D55154466FF13F873FB93FF0C" blockId="1.[151,1436,1844,2013]" lastBlockId="2.[151,1437,151,248]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="585" pageId="1" pageNumber="584">
|
||
<emphasis id="FE9C284F55154465FF13F873FF54F84C" box="[199,255,1953,1976]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="584">Wing</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="54D3E8D855154465FEC5F84DFEF3F84C" box="[273,344,1951,1976]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[151,250,988,1010]" captionText="FIGURE 2. Chrysanthrax pennyi Evenhuis, n. sp., wing." pageId="1" pageNumber="584">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
). Infuscated dark brown to black basally, hyaline apically; veins dark brown to black; basicosta beaked with thick base and pointed apex; cells c, sc, br, bm, and anal and axillary lobes entirely infuscated; cell r1 infuscated at extreme base; cell dm with basal third infuscated; cell m3 infuscated at an angle from cell dm to end of vein CuA at wing margin; remainder of wing hyaline without spots; anal cell open in wing margin by width subequal to r-m crossvein. Alula and calypter fringed with yellowish brown scales.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="9897A4D555164466FF43FC0EFD74FC06" box="[151,735,988,1010]" pageId="2" pageNumber="585">
|
||
<paragraph id="CC57F45D55164466FF43FC0EFD74FC06" blockId="2.[151,735,988,1010]" box="[151,735,988,1010]" pageId="2" pageNumber="585">
|
||
<emphasis id="FE9C284F55164466FF43FC0EFEB9FC05" bold="true" box="[151,274,988,1010]" pageId="2" pageNumber="585">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0BE88FDE55164466FECDFC0EFDFEFC06" authority="Evenhuis" authorityName="Evenhuis" authorityYear="2017" box="[281,597,988,1010]" class="Insecta" family="Bombyliidae" genus="Chrysanthrax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="585" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pennyi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="FE9C284F55164466FECDFC0EFE45FC06" box="[281,494,988,1010]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="585">Chrysanthrax pennyi</emphasis>
|
||
Evenhuis
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="E5AF953455164466FD8BFC0FFD33FC06" box="[607,664,989,1010]" pageId="2" pageNumber="585" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="FE9C284F55164466FD8BFC0FFD33FC06" bold="true" box="[607,664,989,1010]" pageId="2" pageNumber="585">n. sp.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, wing.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="9897A4D555164466FF43F804FC6EF818" box="[151,965,2006,2028]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1114741/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="585" targetBox="[168,1425,1060,1998]" targetPageId="2">
|
||
<paragraph id="CC57F45D55164466FF43F804FC6EF818" blockId="2.[151,965,2006,2028]" box="[151,965,2006,2028]" pageId="2" pageNumber="585">
|
||
<emphasis id="FE9C284F55164466FF43F804FEB9F81F" bold="true" box="[151,274,2006,2028]" pageId="2" pageNumber="585">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0BE88FDE55164466FECDF804FDFEF818" authority="Evenhuis" authorityName="Evenhuis" authorityYear="2017" box="[281,597,2006,2028]" class="Insecta" family="Bombyliidae" genus="Chrysanthrax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="585" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pennyi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="FE9C284F55164466FECDF804FE45F818" box="[281,494,2006,2028]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="585">Chrysanthrax pennyi</emphasis>
|
||
Evenhuis
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="E5AF953455164466FD8BF805FD33F818" box="[607,664,2007,2028]" pageId="2" pageNumber="585" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="FE9C284F55164466FD8BF805FD33F818" bold="true" box="[607,664,2007,2028]" pageId="2" pageNumber="585">n. sp.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, pupal exuvium, lateral view.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="CC57F45D55174467FF13FF45FAD0FF03" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,680]" pageId="3" pageNumber="586">
|
||
<emphasis id="FE9C284F55174467FF13FF45FE9AFF44" box="[199,305,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="586">Abdomen</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="54D3E8D855174467FE94FF45FE29FF44" box="[320,386,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,260,1777,1802]" captionText="FIGURE 1. Chrysanthrax pennyiEvenhuis, n. sp., habitus, dorsal view." pageId="3" pageNumber="586">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
). Black, tergites black pilose dorsally, black pilose laterally on tergite I; tergite II with white hairs anterolaterally, black hairs posterolaterally; black tomentum overall (rubbed medially on tergites IV–VI). Venter dark brown, black pilose and tomentose except small patch of white hairs laterally on sternites II and III.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="CC57F45D55174467FF13FED6FDC3FE91" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,680]" pageId="3" pageNumber="586">
|
||
<emphasis id="FE9C284F55174467FF13FED6FE9AFEE9" box="[199,305,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="586">Genitalia</emphasis>
|
||
not dissected; hypopygium dark brown with long subrectangular epandrium (higher than wide) in lateral view, cercus yellowish brown; gonocoxites dark brown.[Due to recent emergence of the adult at the time of killing, the genitalia had not yet rotated.].
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="CC57F45D55174467FF13FEBDFF5DFD5C" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,680]" pageId="3" pageNumber="586">
|
||
<emphasis id="FE9C284F55174467FF13FEBDFEA7FE7C" bold="true" box="[199,268,367,392]" pageId="3" pageNumber="586">Pupa.</emphasis>
|
||
Measurements. Overall length: 9.0 mm. Body (
|
||
<figureCitation id="54D3E8D855174467FCE7FEBDFC0BFE7C" box="[819,928,367,392]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 3" captionStart-1="FIGURE 4" captionStartId-0="2.[151,250,2006,2028]" captionStartId-1="3.[151,250,1646,1668]" captionTargetBox-0="[168,1425,1060,1998]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1436,733,1625]" captionTargetId-0="figure@2.[168,1425,1060,1998]" captionTargetId-1="figure@3.[151,1436,733,1625]" captionTargetPageId-0="2" captionTargetPageId-1="3" captionText-0="FIGURE 3. Chrysanthrax pennyi Evenhuis, n. sp., pupal exuvium, lateral view." captionText-1="FIGURE 4. Chrysanthrax pennyi Evenhuis, n. sp., pupal exuvium, dorsal view." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/1114741/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/1114755/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="586">Figs. 3–4</figureCitation>
|
||
) generally without hairs dorsally and sparse hairs laterally. Head with cephalic armature (
|
||
<figureCitation id="54D3E8D855174467FD43FE46FD71FE59" box="[663,730,404,429]" captionStart="FIGURES 5–6" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1377,1400]" captionTargetBox="[217,1369,437,1356]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[217,1369,437,1356]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 5–6. Chrysanthrax pennyi Evenhuis, n. sp., pupal armature. 5, cephalic armature, ventral view. 6, oblique view of caudal armature." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1114763/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="586">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
) consisting of paired, apically sclerotized antennal sheaths on each side, each sheath short, pointed medially, other sheaths typically present in other bombyliids (tentorial and labral) absent. Thorax generally bare. Abdomen (
|
||
<figureCitation id="54D3E8D855174467FD14FE0EFCAFFE00" box="[704,772,476,501]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1646,1668]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,733,1625]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,733,1625]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 4. Chrysanthrax pennyi Evenhuis, n. sp., pupal exuvium, dorsal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1114755/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="586">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
) with tergite I without medial spines, with a patch of a few short black hairs at dorsolateral angle another small patch of short hairs laterally; tergites II–VII patch of 5–6 hairs laterally, each segment with apically barbed and sclerotized thorn-like spines medially as follows: tergite II (24 thin); tergite III (24 slightly thicker); tergite IV (16); tergite V (18); tergite VI (12); tergite VII (4 thick and long). Tip of abdomen (
|
||
<figureCitation id="54D3E8D855174467FE88FDBEFE0AFD71" box="[348,417,620,645]" captionStart="FIGURES 5–6" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1377,1400]" captionTargetBox="[217,1369,437,1356]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[217,1369,437,1356]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 5–6. Chrysanthrax pennyi Evenhuis, n. sp., pupal armature. 5, cephalic armature, ventral view. 6, oblique view of caudal armature." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1114763/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="586">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
) with caudal armature consisting of short paired spines each side, each darkly sclerotized apically.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="9897A4D555174467FF43F9BCFC68F970" box="[151,963,1646,1669]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1114755/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="586" targetBox="[151,1436,733,1625]" targetPageId="3">
|
||
<paragraph id="CC57F45D55174467FF43F9BCFC68F970" blockId="3.[151,963,1646,1669]" box="[151,963,1646,1669]" pageId="3" pageNumber="586">
|
||
<emphasis id="FE9C284F55174467FF43F9BCFEB9F970" bold="true" box="[151,274,1646,1668]" pageId="3" pageNumber="586">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0BE88FDE55174467FECDF9BCFDFEF970" authority="Evenhuis" authorityName="Evenhuis" authorityYear="2017" box="[281,597,1646,1669]" class="Insecta" family="Bombyliidae" genus="Chrysanthrax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="586" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pennyi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="FE9C284F55174467FECDF9BCFE45F971" box="[281,494,1646,1669]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="586">Chrysanthrax pennyi</emphasis>
|
||
Evenhuis
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="E5AF953455174467FD8BF9BDFD33F970" box="[607,664,1647,1668]" pageId="3" pageNumber="586" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="FE9C284F55174467FD8BF9BDFD33F970" bold="true" box="[607,664,1647,1668]" pageId="3" pageNumber="586">n. sp.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, pupal exuvium, dorsal view.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="84F2A7D655174460FF13F963FCFBF9E3" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="587" pageId="3" pageNumber="586" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="CC57F45D55174460FF13F963FC00FF0C" blockId="3.[151,1437,1713,2026]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1437,151,417]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="587" pageId="3" pageNumber="586">
|
||
<emphasis id="FE9C284F55174467FF13F963FE9FF93E" bold="true" box="[199,308,1713,1738]" pageId="3" pageNumber="586">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
. Species in the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0BE88FDE55174467FDE1F963FD64F93E" box="[565,719,1713,1738]" class="Insecta" family="Bombyliidae" genus="Chrysanthrax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="586" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="FE9C284F55174467FDE1F963FD64F93E" box="[565,719,1713,1738]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="586">Chrysanthrax</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are a heterogeneous group possessing a variety of color forms and wing patterns. Most of the recent keys to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0BE88FDE55174467FD41F907FD77F91A" authorityName="Hull" authorityYear="1973" box="[661,732,1749,1774]" class="Insecta" family="Bombyliidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="586" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Villini">Villini</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A87989AC55174467FD3FF907FCF4F91A" author="Hall" box="[747,863,1749,1774]" pageId="3" pageNumber="586" refString="Hall, J. C. (1970) The North American species of Villa (Thyridanthrax) (Osten Sacken) [Diptera: Bombyliidae]. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 96, 519 - 542." type="journal article" year="1970">Hall 1970</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A87989AC55174467FCBEF907FC77F91A" author="Hall" box="[874,988,1749,1774]" pageId="3" pageNumber="586" refString="Hall, J. C. (1981) Bombyliidae. Manual of Nearctic Diptera. Volume 1, Research Branch, Agriculture Canada, Monograph, 27, 588 - 602." type="book chapter" year="1981">Hall 1981</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A87989AC55174467FC3CF907FB3CF91A" author="Kits" box="[1000,1175,1749,1774]" pageId="3" pageNumber="586" refString="Kits, J. H., Marshall, S. A. & Evenhuis, N. L. (2008) The bee flies (Diptera: Bombyliidae) of Ontario, with a key to the species of eastern Canada. Canadian Journal of Arthropod Identification, 6, 52 pp. Available from: https: // cjai. biologicalsurvey. ca / kme _ 06 / kme _ 06. pdf (accessed 4 December 2017)" type="book" year="2008">
|
||
Kits
|
||
<emphasis id="FE9C284F55174467FBC9F904FBE5F91A" box="[1053,1102,1749,1774]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="586">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2008
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A87989AC55174467FB76F907FA3EF91A" author="Greathead" box="[1186,1429,1749,1774]" pageId="3" pageNumber="586" refString="Greathead, D. J., Evenhuis, N. L. & Lamas, C. J. E. (2009) Bombyliidae (bee flies). In: Brown, B. V., Borkent, A., Cumming, J. M., Wood, D. M., Woodley, N. E. & Zumbado, M. A. (Eds.), Manual of Central American Diptera. Volume 1. NRC Research Press, Ottawa, pp. 565 - 576." type="book" year="2009">
|
||
Greathead
|
||
<emphasis id="FE9C284F55174467FAC8F904FAE6F91A" box="[1308,1357,1749,1774]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="586">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2009
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) used to distinguish various genera use only the following few characters to distinguish
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0BE88FDE55174467FB54F92BFAB1F8E6" box="[1152,1306,1785,1810]" class="Insecta" family="Bombyliidae" genus="Chrysanthrax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="586" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="FE9C284F55174467FB54F92BFAB1F8E6" box="[1152,1306,1785,1810]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="586">Chrysanthrax</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from other New World
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0BE88FDE55174467FECAF8CFFEC1F8C2" authorityName="Hull" authorityYear="1973" box="[286,362,1821,1846]" class="Insecta" family="Bombyliidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="586" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Villini">Villini</taxonomicName>
|
||
: face produced, fore tibiae without bristles, wing infuscation without hyaline spots at crossveins. As a result, it is possible that the wide variety of species that fit into the current concept of “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0BE88FDE55174467FB68F893FAFDF8AE" box="[1212,1366,1857,1882]" class="Insecta" family="Bombyliidae" genus="Chrysanthrax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="586" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="FE9C284F55174467FB68F893FAFDF8AE" box="[1212,1366,1857,1882]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="586">Chrysanthrax</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
” may belong to more than one genus (maybe even new genera). The new species described herein,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0BE88FDE55174467FB00F8B4FAE8F889" authority="Evenhuis, 2017" authorityName="Evenhuis" authorityYear="2017" box="[1236,1347,1894,1917]" class="Insecta" family="Bombyliidae" genus="Chrysanthrax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="586" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pennyi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="FE9C284F55174467FB00F8B4FAE8F889" box="[1236,1347,1894,1917]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="586">C. pennyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="E5AF953455174467FA87F8B7FA3FF88A" box="[1363,1428,1893,1918]" pageId="3" pageNumber="586" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="FE9C284F55174467FA87F8B7FA3FF88A" bold="true" box="[1363,1428,1893,1918]" pageId="3" pageNumber="586">n. sp.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, exhibits two suites of characters that do not conform to the typical
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0BE88FDE55174467FC76F85BFB97F856" box="[930,1084,1929,1954]" class="Insecta" family="Bombyliidae" genus="Chrysanthrax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="586" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="FE9C284F55174467FC76F85BFB97F856" box="[930,1084,1929,1954]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="586">Chrysanthrax</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: (1) possessing predominantly black pile on thorax and abdomen (typical
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0BE88FDE55174467FDA8F87FFCBDF832" box="[636,790,1965,1990]" class="Insecta" family="Bombyliidae" genus="Chrysanthrax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="586" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="FE9C284F55174467FDA8F87FFCBDF832" box="[636,790,1965,1990]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="586">Chrysanthrax</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have predominantly yellow pile) (see also
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A87989AC55174467FB2BF87FFA37F832" author="Malloch" box="[1279,1436,1965,1990]" pageId="3" pageNumber="586" refString="Malloch, J. R. (1916) The generic status of Chrysanthrax Osten Sacken (Bombyliidae, Diptera). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 29, 63 - 70." type="journal article" year="1916">Malloch 1916</bibRefCitation>
|
||
about this character in defining the genus); and (2) the pupal cephalic armature is reduced to paired small thorn-like antennal sheaths (the
|
||
<typeStatus id="13534AFF55104460FE46FF4AFE69FF44" box="[402,450,152,176]" pageId="4" pageNumber="587">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0BE88FDE55104460FD9DFF45FD48FF44" box="[585,739,151,176]" class="Insecta" family="Bombyliidae" genus="Chrysanthrax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="587" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="FE9C284F55104460FD9DFF45FD48FF44" box="[585,739,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="587">Chrysanthrax</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has three sets of well-developed long thorns on the headantennal sheaths, tentorial sheaths, and labral sheaths). For now, this species keys to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0BE88FDE55104460FBA8FF6EFABDFF21" box="[1148,1302,188,213]" class="Insecta" family="Bombyliidae" genus="Chrysanthrax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="587" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="FE9C284F55104460FBA8FF6EFABDFF21" box="[1148,1302,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="587">Chrysanthrax</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and that is where it is placed until further study may show it to belong elsewhere.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="CC57F45D55104460FF13FED6FE84FE55" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,417]" pageId="4" pageNumber="587">
|
||
The host preference among species in this genus (see
|
||
<tableCitation id="816AC1E655104460FCFFFED6FCD6FEE8" box="[811,893,260,285]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,239,1473,1496]" captionText="TABLE 1. Hosts of Chrysanthrax Osten Sacken (modified from Merle 1975, Yeates & Greathead 1997)" pageId="4" pageNumber="587">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
) may prove to be useful in placing species into more than one genus-group. Typical
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0BE88FDE55104460FD90FEF7FD75FECA" box="[580,734,293,318]" class="Insecta" family="Bombyliidae" genus="Chrysanthrax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="587" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="FE9C284F55104460FD90FEF7FD75FECA" box="[580,734,293,318]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="587">Chrysanthrax</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(with dark infuscated wings and yellow pile) are secondary parasites of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0BE88FDE55104460FEC9FE94FD96FEAB" authority="(Hymenoptera)" authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1815" baseAuthorityName="Hymenoptera" box="[285,573,326,351]" class="Insecta" family="Tiphiidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="587" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Tiphiidae (Hymenoptera)</taxonomicName>
|
||
; other species (spotted wings and yellow pile) are parasites of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0BE88FDE55104460FB20FE94FEEDFE74" authority="(Hymenoptera)" authorityName="Dahlbom" authorityYear="1835" baseAuthorityName="Hymenoptera" class="Insecta" family="Anthophoridae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="587" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Anthophoridae (Hymenoptera)</taxonomicName>
|
||
; while
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0BE88FDE55104460FE49FEBAFDA6FE74" authority="Evenhuis, 2017" authorityName="Evenhuis" authorityYear="2017" box="[413,525,360,384]" class="Insecta" family="Bombyliidae" genus="Chrysanthrax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="587" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pennyi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="FE9C284F55104460FE49FEBAFDA6FE74" box="[413,525,360,384]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="587">C. pennyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="E5AF953455104460FDCAFEB5FDCAFE74" box="[542,609,359,384]" pageId="4" pageNumber="587" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="FE9C284F55104460FDCAFEB5FDCAFE74" bold="true" box="[542,609,359,384]" pageId="4" pageNumber="587">n. sp.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(dark infuscated wings and dark pile) is a parasite of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0BE88FDE55104460FB37FEB5FE80FE55" authority="(Neuroptera)" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" baseAuthorityName="Neuroptera" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="587" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Myrmeleontidae (Neuroptera)</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="9897A4D555104460FF43FAB3FEEAFA62" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1114763/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="587" targetBox="[217,1369,437,1356]" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph id="CC57F45D55104460FF43FAB3FEEAFA62" blockId="4.[151,1436,1377,1430]" pageId="4" pageNumber="587">
|
||
<emphasis id="FE9C284F55104460FF43FAB3FE90FA82" bold="true" box="[151,315,1377,1400]" pageId="4" pageNumber="587">FIGURES 5–6.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0BE88FDE55104460FE96FAB3FD2BFA83" authority="Evenhuis" authorityName="Evenhuis" authorityYear="2017" box="[322,640,1377,1399]" class="Insecta" family="Bombyliidae" genus="Chrysanthrax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="587" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pennyi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="FE9C284F55104460FE96FAB3FDBCFA83" box="[322,535,1377,1399]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="587">Chrysanthrax pennyi</emphasis>
|
||
Evenhuis
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="E5AF953455104460FD5FFAB0FD6EFA83" box="[651,709,1378,1399]" pageId="4" pageNumber="587" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="FE9C284F55104460FD5FFAB0FD6EFA83" bold="true" box="[651,709,1378,1399]" pageId="4" pageNumber="587">n. sp.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, pupal armature.
|
||
<emphasis id="FE9C284F55104460FCADFAB0FC2EFA83" bold="true" box="[889,901,1378,1399]" pageId="4" pageNumber="587">5</emphasis>
|
||
, cephalic armature, ventral view.
|
||
<emphasis id="FE9C284F55104460FB35FAB3FB45FA82" bold="true" box="[1249,1262,1377,1398]" pageId="4" pageNumber="587">6</emphasis>
|
||
, oblique view of caudal armature.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="9897A4D555104460FF43FA13FB5BFA2C" box="[151,1264,1472,1496]" pageId="4" pageNumber="587">
|
||
<paragraph id="CC57F45D55104460FF43FA13FB5BFA2C" blockId="4.[151,1264,1472,1496]" box="[151,1264,1472,1496]" pageId="4" pageNumber="587">
|
||
<emphasis id="FE9C284F55104460FF43FA13FEA1FA2C" bold="true" box="[151,266,1473,1496]" pageId="4" pageNumber="587">TABLE 1.</emphasis>
|
||
Hosts of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0BE88FDE55104460FEA5FA12FD37FA2C" authority="Osten Sacken" authorityName="Osten Sacken" box="[369,668,1472,1496]" class="Insecta" family="Bombyliidae" genus="Chrysanthrax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="587" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="FE9C284F55104460FEA5FA12FDAFFA2C" box="[369,516,1472,1496]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="587">Chrysanthrax</emphasis>
|
||
Osten Sacken
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(modified from Merle 1975, Yeates & Greathead 1997)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="CC57F45D55104460FF43F9D3FCFBF9E3" blockId="4.[151,1191,1537,1713]" box="[151,848,1537,1559]" pageId="4" pageNumber="587">Species Host</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="84F2A7D655104460FF43F9F3FCFCF852" pageId="4" pageNumber="587" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="CC57F45D55104460FF43F9F3FCFCF852" blockId="4.[151,1191,1537,1713]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1437,1789,1958]" pageId="4" pageNumber="587">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0BE88FDE55104460FF43F9F3FEFCF9C2" ID-CoL="87PGF" authority="(Meigen)" authorityName="Meigen" baseAuthorityName="Meigen" baseAuthorityYear="1820" box="[151,343,1568,1590]" class="Insecta" family="Bombyliidae" genus="Anthrax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="587" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cypris">
|
||
<emphasis id="FE9C284F55104460FF43F9F3FF59F9C2" box="[151,242,1569,1590]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="587">C. cypris</emphasis>
|
||
(Meigen)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0BE88FDE55104460FCF4F9F3FB39F9C2" box="[800,1170,1568,1590]" class="Insecta" family="Tiphiidae" genus="Myzinum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="587" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quinquecintum">
|
||
<emphasis id="FE9C284F55104460FCF4F9F3FBB1F9C2" box="[800,1050,1569,1590]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="587">Myzinum quinquecintum</emphasis>
|
||
(Tiphiidae)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0BE88FDE55104460FF43F992FE92F9A1" ID-CoL="87PGR" authority="(Say)" authorityName="Say" box="[151,313,1599,1621]" class="Insecta" family="Bombyliidae" genus="Chrysanthrax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="587" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="edititia">
|
||
<emphasis id="FE9C284F55104460FF43F992FF57F9A1" box="[151,252,1599,1621]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="587">C. edititia</emphasis>
|
||
(Say)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0BE88FDE55104460FCF4F9EDFB0CF9A1" ID-CoL="5VFQY" authorityName="Cresson" authorityYear="1869" box="[800,1191,1599,1621]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Anthophora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="587" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="montana">
|
||
<emphasis id="FE9C284F55104460FCF4F9EDFC52F9A1" box="[800,1017,1599,1621]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="587">Anthophora montana</emphasis>
|
||
(Anthophoridae)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="FE9C284F55104460FF43F98CFF03F987" box="[151,168,1630,1651]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="587">C</emphasis>
|
||
. sp. near
|
||
<emphasis id="FE9C284F55104460FEDDF98FFC79F987" box="[265,978,1629,1651]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="587">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0BE88FDE55104460FEDDF98FFC2BF987" ID-CoL="87PGR" authority="Xylocopa" authorityName="Xylocopa" box="[265,896,1629,1651]" class="Insecta" family="Bombyliidae" genus="Chrysanthrax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="587" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="edititia">edititia Xylocopa</taxonomicName>
|
||
mordax
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0BE88FDE55104460FC34F98FFBD0F987" authorityName="Dahlbom" authorityYear="1835" box="[992,1147,1629,1651]" class="Insecta" family="Anthophoridae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="587" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Anthophoridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0BE88FDE55104460FF43F9AFFED9F966" ID-CoL="8BH8J" authority="(Fabricius)" authorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1805" box="[151,370,1660,1682]" class="Insecta" family="Bombyliidae" genus="Chrysanthrax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="587" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gorgon">
|
||
<emphasis id="FE9C284F55104460FF43F9AFFF57F966" box="[151,252,1661,1682]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="587">C. gorgon</emphasis>
|
||
(Fabricius)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0BE88FDE55104460FCF4F9AFFB08F966" box="[800,1187,1660,1682]" class="Insecta" family="Tiphiidae" genus="Myzinum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="587" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="haemorrhoidalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="FE9C284F55104460FCF4F9AFFB87F966" box="[800,1068,1660,1682]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="587">Myzinum haemorrhoidalis</emphasis>
|
||
(Tiphiidae)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0BE88FDE55104460FF43F949FEF4F945" ID-CoL="8BH8N" authority="Evenhuis" authorityName="Evenhuis" authorityYear="2017" box="[151,351,1691,1713]" class="Insecta" family="Bombyliidae" genus="Chrysanthrax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="587" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pennyi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="FE9C284F55104460FF43F949FF5CF945" box="[151,247,1691,1713]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="587">C. pennyi</emphasis>
|
||
Evenhuis
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="E5AF953455104460FEBDF949FE09F944" box="[361,418,1691,1712]" pageId="4" pageNumber="587" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="FE9C284F55104460FEBDF949FE09F944" bold="true" box="[361,418,1691,1712]" pageId="4" pageNumber="587">n. sp.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0BE88FDE55104460FCF4F949FC3FF945" ID-CoL="5WNV" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1767" box="[800,916,1691,1713]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Myrmeleon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="587" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="FE9C284F55104460FCF4F949FC3FF945" box="[800,916,1691,1713]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="587">Myrmeleon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0BE88FDE55104460FC10F949FBC4F945" ID-CoL="D3X" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[964,1135,1691,1713]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="587" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Myrmeleontidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) The reduction of cephalic armature and hairs on the pupa is reminiscent of another ant-lion parasite in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0BE88FDE55104460FF43F8F3FF4AF8CE" ID-CoL="89PH3" authorityName="Hull" authorityYear="1973" box="[151,225,1825,1850]" class="Insecta" family="Bombyliidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="587" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Villini">Villini</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0BE88FDE55104460FF38F8F3FC87F8CE" ID-CoL="48YHH" authority="Miksch (Miksch 1993)" authorityName="Miksch (Miksch" authorityYear="1993" box="[236,812,1825,1850]" class="Insecta" family="Bombyliidae" genus="Oestranthrax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="587" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="myrmecaeluri">
|
||
<emphasis id="FE9C284F55104460FF38F8F3FD88F8CE" box="[236,547,1825,1850]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="587">Oestranthrax myrmecaeluri</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A87989AC55104460FDFDF8F3FC87F8CE" box="[553,812,1825,1850]" pageId="4" pageNumber="587" refString="Miksch, G. (1993) Oestranthrax myrmecaeluri n. sp. (Diptera: Bombyliidae) aus Griechenland mit Angabe des Wirtes. Stuttgarter Beitrage zur Naturkunde, Serie A (Biologie), 493, 1 - 7." type="journal article">Miksch (Miksch 1993)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. It could be that the cocoon of the antlion is soft enough or the soil in which the pupae digs upward to the surface is fine and loose enough that strong spines and armature are not necessary for the bee fly pupae to make its way to the surface for the adult to emerge.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A87989AC55104460FB7DF8BBFAFCF876" author="Malloch" box="[1193,1367,1897,1922]" pageId="4" pageNumber="587" refString="Malloch, J. R. (1916) The generic status of Chrysanthrax Osten Sacken (Bombyliidae, Diptera). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 29, 63 - 70." type="journal article" year="1916">Malloch (1916)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
noted such a correlation in his brief review of pupae of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0BE88FDE55104460FD6BF85FFCF8F852" ID-CoL="622GM" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[703,851,1933,1958]" class="Insecta" family="Bombyliidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="587" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Bombyliidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |