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<document id="5F15BAFCBC1D25758E98044CEDF2B2F9" ID-CLB-Dataset="7408" ID-DOI="10.5252/adansonia2021v43a8" ID-GBIF-Dataset="49f3bd37-fa27-45a4-90b2-1e80c7f027ac" ID-ISSN="1639-4798" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4680762" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1618231216314" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="Van de Beek, Abraham &amp; Widrlechner, Mark P." docDate="2021" docId="D5365613DD0B5D434B7AF978FB070ED0" docLanguage="en" docName="Adansonia.43.8.67-98.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Adansonia (3) 43 (8)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:2FE19AC740987067EC2A6C89A85F9648.8:Adansonia.2018-.journal_article" docStyleId="2FE19AC740987067EC2A6C89A85F9648" docStyleName="Adansonia.2018-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="8" docTitle="Rubus sativus Clark" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="77" masterDocId="290F2E6BDD075D4F4A75FF89FFCC085D" masterDocTitle="North American species of Rubus L. (Rosaceae) described from European botanical gardens (1789 - 1823)" masterLastPageNumber="1823" masterPageNumber="1789" pageNumber="77" updateTime="1698936340201" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="E81052FCD4044690EE77CA897691FBC1">North American species of Rubus L. (Rosaceae) described from European botanical gardens (1789 - 1823)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="5D64B0C0AA58DEFA8E549CE28ABA7706">Widrlechner, Mark P.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="A96AFA90383914AAD0760ECC4A7BBD89">Iowa State University Departments of Horticulture and of Ecology, Evolution, &amp; Organismal Biology 360 Bessey Hall, 2200 Osborn Drive, Ames, Iowa 50011 (United States)</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="E809D57E6ECAD422C561F6F3AE70C7D7">Adansonia</mods:title>
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<treatment id="D5365613DD0B5D434B7AF978FB070ED0" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681707" ID-GBIF-Taxon="180999574" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4681707" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D5365613DD0B5D434B7AF978FB070ED0" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/D5365613DD0B5D434B7AF978FB070ED0" lastPageNumber="77" pageId="12" pageNumber="77">
<subSubSection id="1585B48EDD0B5D434B7AF978FDB70F51" box="[271,635,1777,1805]" pageId="12" pageNumber="77" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="5D20E705DD0B5D434B7AF978FDB70F51" blockId="12.[271,635,1777,1805]" box="[271,635,1777,1805]" pageId="12" pageNumber="77">
<heading id="06685069DD0B5D434B7AF978FDB70F51" box="[271,635,1777,1805]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="77" reason="6">
<taxonomicName id="9A9F9C86DD0B5D434B7AF978FDB70F51" ID-CoL="893V8" authority="(L. H. Bailey) Clark" box="[271,635,1777,1805]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Rubus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="12" pageNumber="77" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sativus">
<emphasis id="6FEB3B17DD0B5D434B7AF978FE6F0F51" bold="true" box="[271,419,1777,1804]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="77">Rubus sativus</emphasis>
(L.H. Bailey) Clark
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="1585B48EDD0B5D434AEEF8BDFE0B0FDC" pageId="12" pageNumber="77" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="5D20E705DD0B5D434AEEF8BDFE0B0FDC" blockId="12.[132,777,1844,2027]" pageId="12" pageNumber="77">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="7D8FC02BDD0B5D434AEEF8BDFE0B0FDC" pageId="12" pageNumber="77">
<treatmentCitation id="DC3EC114DD0B5D434AEEF8BDFE8E0F3A" author="Clark J. A." page="159" pageId="12" pageNumber="77" year="1892">
<bibCitation id="88B5EF69DD0B5D434AEEF8BDFEF10F3A" journal="Contributions from the United States National Herbarium" page="159" pageId="12" pageNumber="77" score="591.2907283621879" volume="1" year="1892">
<emphasis id="6FEB3B17DD0B5D434AEEF8BDFD260F11" box="[155,746,1844,1868]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="77">
Contributions from the
<collectingCountry id="2588A795DD0B5D434BFEF8BDFDDC0F16" box="[395,528,1844,1868]" name="United States of America" pageId="12" pageNumber="77">United States</collectingCountry>
National Herbarium
</emphasis>
1: 159 (
<bibRefCitation id="390E9AF4DD0B5D434AC8F8C7FEFE0F3A" author="CLARK J. A." box="[189,306,1870,1895]" pageId="12" pageNumber="77" pagination="151 - 188" refId="ref16851" refString="CLARK J. A. 1892. - Systematic and alphabetical index of new species of North American Phanerogams and Pteridophytes, published in 1891. Contributions from the United States National Herbarium 1: 151 - 188. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 368749" type="journal article" year="1892">Clark 1892</bibRefCitation>
)
</bibCitation>
.
</treatmentCitation>
<treatmentCitation id="DC3EC114DD0B5D434B18F8C7FE0B0FDC" author="Bailey L. H." page="719" pageId="12" pageNumber="77" year="1890">
<taxonomicName id="9A9F9C86DD0B5D434B18F8C7FDA20F3B" ID-CoL="893V8" authorityName="L. H. Bailey (Bailey" authorityYear="1890" box="[365,622,1870,1894]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Rubus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="12" pageNumber="77" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="villosus" variety="sativus">
<emphasis id="6FEB3B17DD0B5D434B18F8C7FE340F3B" box="[365,504,1870,1894]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="77">Rubus villosus</emphasis>
var.
<emphasis id="6FEB3B17DD0B5D434858F8C6FDA20F3B" box="[557,622,1871,1894]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="77">sativus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<bibCitation id="88B5EF69DD0B5D43480BF8C7FE0F0FDC" journal="The American Garden" page="719" pageId="12" pageNumber="77" score="2.9667292555596187" volume="11" year="1890">
<emphasis id="6FEB3B17DD0B5D43480BF8C7FF1C0FDC" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="77">The American Garden</emphasis>
11: 719 (
<bibRefCitation id="390E9AF4DD0B5D434B4EF8E0FE7B0FDC" author="BAILEY L. H." box="[315,439,1897,1921]" pageId="12" pageNumber="77" pagination="719 - 723" refId="ref16118" refString="BAILEY L. H. 1890. - Notes from a garden herbarium 2. The American Garden 11: 719 - 723." type="journal article" year="1890">Bailey 1890</bibRefCitation>
)
</bibCitation>
.
</treatmentCitation>
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="1585B48EDD0B5D434BA5F8E0FE090FB6" pageId="12" pageNumber="77" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="5D20E705DD0B5D434BA5F8E0FE090FB6" blockId="12.[132,777,1844,2027]" pageId="12" pageNumber="77">
<materialsCitation id="EDF7ED58DD0B5D434B86F8E0FE090FB6" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3071146314" collectingDate="1894-05-26" collectionCode="BH" collectorName="L. H. Bailey" pageId="12" pageNumber="77" specimenCode="BH 000 092 458" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="neotype">
<typeStatus id="822459A7DD0B5D434B86F8E0FD870FDC" box="[499,587,1897,1921]" pageId="12" pageNumber="77" type="neotype">Neotype</typeStatus>
(here designated) (selected by James L. Reveal, 2013): BH, Garden Herbarium of the Cornell University Experiment Station,
<taxonomicName id="9A9F9C86DD0B5D434827F817FEFE0F8D" authority="β, Arbutus" authorityName="Arbutus" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Rubus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="12" pageNumber="77" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="nigrobaccus" subSpecies="sativus">
<emphasis id="6FEB3B17DD0B5D434827F817FF0A0F8D" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="77">Rubus nigrobaccus sativus</emphasis>
β,
<locationDeviation id="4C92FE27DD0B5D434A97F831FEFE0F8D" box="[226,306,1976,2000]" pageId="12" pageNumber="77">Arbutus</locationDeviation>
</taxonomicName>
farm near Ithaca,
<date id="2921C1C5DD0B5D434B91F831FD830F8D" box="[484,591,1976,2000]" pageId="12" pageNumber="77" value="1894-05-26">
<collectingDate id="3965382DDD0B5D434B91F831FD830F8D" box="[484,591,1976,2000]" pageId="12" pageNumber="77" value="1894-05-26">26.V.1894</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<emphasis id="6FEB3B17DD0B5D434822F830FD080F8D" box="[599,708,1976,2000]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="77">
<collectorName id="F06A82D3DD0B5D434822F830FD080F8D" box="[599,708,1976,2000]" pageId="12" pageNumber="77">L.H. Bailey</collectorName>
</emphasis>
(neo-,
<collectionCode id="3B8E7FC0DD0B5D434AF1F85AFF650FB7" box="[132,169,2003,2026]" pageId="12" pageNumber="77">BH</collectionCode>
[
<specimenCode id="0D394F7EDD0B5D434AC5F85AFEAC0FB6" box="[176,352,2003,2027]" pageId="12" pageNumber="77">BH 000 092 458</specimenCode>
]) (
<figureCitation id="C5A4FB80DD0B5D434B08F85AFE7A0FB6" box="[381,438,2003,2027]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="13.[367,378,2008,2025]" captionTargetBox="[203,1385,215,1915]" captionTargetId="figure-20@13.[203,1385,215,1915]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIG. 5. — Rubus sativus (L.H. Bailey) Clark neotype, L.H. Bailey (BH[BH 000 092 458]). Scale bar: 2 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4680788" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4680788/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="77">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="1585B48EDD0B5D434958FF51FB070ED0" pageId="12" pageNumber="77" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="5D20E705DD0B5D434958FF51FC5908AD" blockId="12.[810,1458,216,1677]" box="[813,917,216,242]" pageId="12" pageNumber="77">FINDINGS</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5D20E705DD0B5D434958FF7EFA7C090C" blockId="12.[810,1458,216,1677]" pageId="12" pageNumber="77">
The same taxon that was first described as
<taxonomicName id="9A9F9C86DD0B5D434EAEFF71FA49094C" authority="Poir." authorityName="Poir. (Poiret" authorityYear="1804" box="[1243,1413,247,273]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Rubus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="12" pageNumber="77" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vulpinus">
<emphasis id="6FEB3B17DD0B5D434EAEFF71FA81094C" box="[1243,1357,247,273]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="77">R. vulpinus</emphasis>
Poir.
</taxonomicName>
was published again as
<taxonomicName id="9A9F9C86DD0B5D43498CFE91FC6E090C" authority="L. H. Bailey (Bailey 1890: 719)" authorityName="L. H. Bailey (Bailey" authorityYear="1890" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Rubus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="12" pageNumber="77" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="villosus" variety="sativus">
<emphasis id="6FEB3B17DD0B5D43498CFE91FBAD096C" box="[1017,1121,279,305]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="77">R. villosus</emphasis>
var.
<emphasis id="6FEB3B17DD0B5D434EE0FE91FB16096C" box="[1173,1242,280,305]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="77">sativus</emphasis>
L.H. Bailey (
<bibRefCitation id="390E9AF4DD0B5D434F1BFE9EFC56090C" author="BAILEY L. H." pageId="12" pageNumber="77" pagination="719 - 723" refId="ref16118" refString="BAILEY L. H. 1890. - Notes from a garden herbarium 2. The American Garden 11: 719 - 723." type="journal article" year="1890">Bailey 1890: 719</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
;
<typeStatus id="822459A7DD0B5D4349DFFEBEFC31090C" box="[938,1021,311,337]" pageId="12" pageNumber="77" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
designated here: BH 000 092 458 (
<figureCitation id="C5A4FB80DD0B5D434F13FEBEFA53090F" box="[1382,1439,311,338]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="13.[367,378,2008,2025]" captionTargetBox="[203,1385,215,1915]" captionTargetId="figure-20@13.[203,1385,215,1915]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIG. 5. — Rubus sativus (L.H. Bailey) Clark neotype, L.H. Bailey (BH[BH 000 092 458]). Scale bar: 2 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4680788" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4680788/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="77">Fig.5</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5D20E705DD0B5D434936FEDEFA7C0BD2" blockId="12.[810,1458,216,1677]" pageId="12" pageNumber="77">
As Bailey himself argued later (
<bibRefCitation id="390E9AF4DD0B5D434EF7FEDEFAA4092F" author="BAILEY L. H." box="[1154,1384,343,370]" pageId="12" pageNumber="77" pagination="507 - 590" refId="ref16357" refString="BAILEY L. H. 1944. - Rubus in North America. Eubatus. Alleghenienses. Gentes Herbarum 5: 507 - 590. https: // hdl. handle. net / 2027 / uc 1.31210001328085" type="journal article" year="1944">Bailey 1944: 512-514</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="390E9AF4DD0B5D434F05FEDEFC9509CC" author="BAILEY L. H." pageId="12" pageNumber="77" pagination="591 - 835" refId="ref16395" refString="BAILEY L. H. 1945. - Rubus in North America. Eubatus. Arguti. Gentes Herbarum 5: 591 - 835. https: // hdl. handle. net / 2027 / uc 1.31210001328085" type="journal article" year="1945">1945: 823</bibRefCitation>
), this is only a form of
<taxonomicName id="9A9F9C86DD0B5D434E21FEFEFB3B09CC" box="[1108,1271,375,401]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Rubus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="12" pageNumber="77" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="allegheniensis">
<emphasis id="6FEB3B17DD0B5D434E21FEFEFB3B09CC" box="[1108,1271,375,401]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="77">R. allegheniensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, as confirmed by the
<typeStatus id="822459A7DD0B5D434922FE1EFC4809EC" box="[855,900,407,433]" pageId="12" pageNumber="77">type</typeStatus>
in Baileys herbarium.
<taxonomicName id="9A9F9C86DD0B5D434E09FE1FFA4E09ED" authorityName="L. H. Bailey (Bailey" authorityYear="1890" box="[1148,1410,406,433]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Rubus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="12" pageNumber="77" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="villosus" variety="sativus">
<emphasis id="6FEB3B17DD0B5D434E09FE1FFAC609ED" box="[1148,1290,406,432]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="77">Rubus villosus</emphasis>
var.
<emphasis id="6FEB3B17DD0B5D434F4AFE1EFA4E09ED" box="[1343,1410,407,432]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="77">sativus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was raised to species rank by
<bibRefCitation id="390E9AF4DD0B5D434E40FE3FFB35098C" author="CLARK J. A." box="[1077,1273,438,465]" pageId="12" pageNumber="77" pagination="151 - 188" refId="ref16851" refString="CLARK J. A. 1892. - Systematic and alphabetical index of new species of North American Phanerogams and Pteridophytes, published in 1891. Contributions from the United States National Herbarium 1: 151 - 188. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 368749" type="journal article" year="1892">Clark (1892: 159)</bibRefCitation>
; in the next year, she reconsidered her decision (
<bibRefCitation id="390E9AF4DD0B5D434EF0FE5FFA8E09AC" author="CLARK J. A." box="[1157,1346,470,497]" pageId="12" pageNumber="77" pagination="258 - 264" refId="ref16902" refString="CLARK J. A. 1893. - Additions to the index for 1891. Contributions from the United States National Herbarium 1: 258 - 264. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 368857" type="journal article" year="1893">Clark 1893: 264</bibRefCitation>
), but this does not invalidate the earlier publication.
<bibRefCitation id="390E9AF4DD0B5D434F7EFE7FFC9D0A6D" author="KOEHNE E." pageId="12" pageNumber="77" refId="ref17931" refString="KOEHNE E. 1895. - Just's botanischer Jahresbericht. Systematisch geordnetes Repertorium der botanischen Literatur aller Lander 20.2. Borntrager, Berlin, 630 p." type="book" year="1895">Koehne (1895: 98)</bibRefCitation>
supported its treatment at the species level. Consequently
<taxonomicName id="9A9F9C86DD0B5D434959FDBEFBA90A0D" authority="(L. H. Bailey) Clark" authorityName="Clark" baseAuthorityName="L. H. Bailey" box="[812,1125,566,593]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Rubus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="12" pageNumber="77" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sativus">
<emphasis id="6FEB3B17DD0B5D434959FDBEFC410A0D" box="[812,909,567,592]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="77">R. sativus</emphasis>
(L.H. Bailey) Clark
</taxonomicName>
is a later synonym of
<taxonomicName id="9A9F9C86DD0B5D434F20FDBEFC9C0A2D" authorityName="Poir. (Poiret" authorityYear="1804" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Rubus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="12" pageNumber="77" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vulpinus">
<emphasis id="6FEB3B17DD0B5D434F20FDBEFC9C0A2D" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="77">R. vulpinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and an earlier synonym of
<taxonomicName id="9A9F9C86DD0B5D434E12FDDEFAC50A2D" box="[1127,1289,598,624]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Rubus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="12" pageNumber="77" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="allegheniensis">
<emphasis id="6FEB3B17DD0B5D434E12FDDEFAC50A2D" box="[1127,1289,598,624]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="77">R. allegheniensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Because
<bibRefCitation id="390E9AF4DD0B5D434F1BFDDFFC600ACD" author="BAILEY L. H." pageId="12" pageNumber="77" refId="ref16166" refString="BAILEY L. H. 1898. - Sketch of the Evolution of our Native Fruits. MacMillan, New York, 465 p. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 19869" type="book" year="1898">Bailey (1898: 379)</bibRefCitation>
included
<taxonomicName id="9A9F9C86DD0B5D434E63FDFEFB3D0ACD" authorityName="L. H. Bailey (Bailey" authorityYear="1890" box="[1046,1265,630,656]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Rubus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="12" pageNumber="77" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="villosus" variety="sativus">
<emphasis id="6FEB3B17DD0B5D434E63FDFEFBB60ACD" box="[1046,1146,630,656]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="77">R. villosus</emphasis>
var.
<emphasis id="6FEB3B17DD0B5D434EDBFDFEFB3D0ACD" box="[1198,1265,631,656]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="77">sativus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the protologue of
<taxonomicName id="9A9F9C86DD0B5D43493DFD1FFC150AED" authorityName="L. H. Bailey" authorityYear="1898" box="[840,985,662,688]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Rubus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="12" pageNumber="77" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nigrobaccus">
<emphasis id="6FEB3B17DD0B5D43493DFD1FFC150AED" box="[840,985,662,688]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="77">R. nigrobaccus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the latter is typified by the
<typeStatus id="822459A7DD0B5D434F75FD1FFAE10AED" box="[1280,1325,662,688]" pageId="12" pageNumber="77">type</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="9A9F9C86DD0B5D434F3AFD1FFA630AF2" box="[1359,1455,662,687]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Rubus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="12" pageNumber="77" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sativus">
<emphasis id="6FEB3B17DD0B5D434F3AFD1FFA630AF2" box="[1359,1455,662,687]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="77">R. sativus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and so it is a homotypic synonym of the latter (ICN,
<bibRefCitation id="390E9AF4DD0B5D434F2EFD3CFC540AAD" author="TURLAND N. J. &amp; WIERSEMA J. H. &amp; GREUTER W. &amp; HAWKSWORTH D. L. &amp; HERENDEEN P. S. &amp; KNAPP S. &amp; KUSBER W. - H. &amp; LI D. - Z. &amp; MARHOLD K. &amp; MAY T. W. &amp; MCNEILL J. &amp; MONRO A. M. &amp; PRADO J. &amp; PRICE M. J. &amp; SMITH G. F." pageId="12" pageNumber="77" pagination="159" refId="ref19323" refString="TURLAND N. J., WIERSEMA J. H. BARRIE, F. R., GREUTER W., HAWKSWORTH D. L., HERENDEEN P. S., KNAPP S., KUSBER W. - H., LI D. - Z., MARHOLD K., MAY T. W., MCNEILL J., MONRO A. M., PRADO J., PRICE M. J. &amp; SMITH G. F. (eds) 2018. - International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Shenzhen Code) adopted by the Nineteenth International Botanical Congress Shenzhen, China, July 2017. Regnum Vegetabile 159. Koeltz Botanical Books, Glashutten. https: // doi. org / 10.12705 / Code. 2018" type="journal article" year="2018">
Turland
<emphasis id="6FEB3B17DD0B5D434958FD5FFC910AB2" box="[813,861,725,751]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="77">et al.</emphasis>
2018
</bibRefCitation>
: art.
<geoCoordinate id="38AB81C2DD0B5D4349BEFD5CFBC20AAD" box="[971,1038,725,752]" degrees="52.2" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="77" precision="5555" value="52.2">52.2 e</geoCoordinate>
). The sequence of priority for the correct name is thus
<taxonomicName id="9A9F9C86DD0B5D4349C5FD7FFB780B4D" authority="(Poiret 1804)" baseAuthorityName="Poiret" baseAuthorityYear="1804" box="[944,1204,757,784]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Rubus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="12" pageNumber="77" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vulpinus">
<emphasis id="6FEB3B17DD0B5D4349C5FD7FFBED0B52" box="[944,1057,757,783]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="77">R. vulpinus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="390E9AF4DD0B5D434E44FD7CFB660B52" author="POIRET J. L. M." box="[1073,1194,757,783]" pageId="12" pageNumber="77" refId="ref18455" refString="POIRET J. L. M. 1804. - Encyclopedie methodique. Botanique. Vol. 6. Agasse, Paris, 786 p. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 824" type="book" year="1804">Poiret 1804</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="9A9F9C86DD0B5D434ECBFD7FFA650B4D" authority="(Clark 1892)" baseAuthorityName="Clark" baseAuthorityYear="1892" box="[1214,1449,757,784]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Rubus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="12" pageNumber="77" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sativus">
<emphasis id="6FEB3B17DD0B5D434ECBFD7FFAD00B52" box="[1214,1308,758,783]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="77">R. sativus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="390E9AF4DD0B5D434F5CFD7CFA6C0B52" author="CLARK J. A." box="[1321,1440,757,783]" pageId="12" pageNumber="77" pagination="151 - 188" refId="ref16851" refString="CLARK J. A. 1892. - Systematic and alphabetical index of new species of North American Phanerogams and Pteridophytes, published in 1891. Contributions from the United States National Herbarium 1: 151 - 188. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 368749" type="journal article" year="1892">Clark 1892</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="9A9F9C86DD0B5D434958FC9FFBA10B6D" authority="(Porter 1896)" baseAuthorityName="Porter" baseAuthorityYear="1896" box="[813,1133,789,816]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Rubus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="12" pageNumber="77" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="allegheniensis">
<emphasis id="6FEB3B17DD0B5D434958FC9FFC1E0B72" box="[813,978,789,815]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="77">R. allegheniensis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="390E9AF4DD0B5D434996FC9FFBAF0B72" author="PORTER T. C." box="[995,1123,789,816]" pageId="12" pageNumber="77" pagination="153" refId="ref18573" refString="PORTER T. C. 1896. - Rubus montanus Porter. Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 23: 153. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 711534" type="journal article" year="1896">Porter 1896</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="9A9F9C86DD0B5D434E0EFC9FFA660B6D" authority="(Bailey 1898)" baseAuthorityName="Bailey" baseAuthorityYear="1898" box="[1147,1450,789,816]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Rubus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="12" pageNumber="77" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nigrobaccus">
<emphasis id="6FEB3B17DD0B5D434E0EFC9FFAC20B72" box="[1147,1294,789,815]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="77">R. nigrobaccus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="390E9AF4DD0B5D434F55FC9CFA530B72" author="BAILEY L. H." box="[1312,1439,789,815]" pageId="12" pageNumber="77" refId="ref16166" refString="BAILEY L. H. 1898. - Sketch of the Evolution of our Native Fruits. MacMillan, New York, 465 p. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 19869" type="book" year="1898">Bailey 1898</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
.
<bibRefCitation id="390E9AF4DD0B5D434958FCBCFC360B0D" author="BRAINERD E." box="[813,1018,821,848]" pageId="12" pageNumber="77" pagination="23 - 29" refId="ref16765" refString="BRAINERD E. 1900. - The blackberries of New England. Rhodora 2: 23 - 29. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 560314" type="journal article" year="1900">Brainerd (1900: 26)</bibRefCitation>
used the name
<taxonomicName id="9A9F9C86DD0B5D434EE6FCBFFB3C0B12" baseAuthorityName="Clark" baseAuthorityYear="1892" box="[1171,1264,822,847]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Rubus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="12" pageNumber="77" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sativus">
<emphasis id="6FEB3B17DD0B5D434EE6FCBFFB3C0B12" box="[1171,1264,822,847]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="77">R. sativus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
for another taxon, but because he based his name on
<taxonomicName id="9A9F9C86DD0B5D434EFBFCDFFA600B32" authority="Bailey" authorityName="L. H. Bailey (Bailey" authorityYear="1890" box="[1166,1452,853,880]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Rubus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="12" pageNumber="77" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="villosus" variety="sativus">
<emphasis id="6FEB3B17DD0B5D434EFBFCDFFB3D0B32" box="[1166,1265,853,879]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="77">R. villosus</emphasis>
var.
<emphasis id="6FEB3B17DD0B5D434F54FCDFFAA80B32" box="[1313,1380,854,879]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="77">sativus</emphasis>
Bailey
</taxonomicName>
, this name is merely an isonym of
<taxonomicName id="9A9F9C86DD0B5D434E08FCFFFA7C0BD2" authority="(L. H. Bailey) Clark." authorityName="Clark." baseAuthorityName="L. H. Bailey" box="[1149,1456,885,912]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Rubus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="12" pageNumber="77" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sativus">
<emphasis id="6FEB3B17DD0B5D434E08FCFFFB160BD2" box="[1149,1242,886,911]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="77">R. sativus</emphasis>
(L.H. Bailey) Clark.
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5D20E705DD0B5D434936FC1CFB4E0DB0" blockId="12.[810,1458,216,1677]" pageId="12" pageNumber="77">
The history of the name can be summarized as follows: a plant from North America was planted in Kew Gardens in 1777 (
<bibRefCitation id="390E9AF4DD0B5D434900FC5DFBE30BB2" author="AITON W. T." box="[885,1071,980,1007]" pageId="12" pageNumber="77" refId="ref15967" refString="AITON W. T. 1811. - Hortus Kewensis or a Catalogue of Plants Cultivated in the Royal Botanic Garden at Kew. Vol. 3. 2 nd ed. Longman etc., London, 432 p. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 105339" type="book" year="1811">Aiton 1811: 269</bibRefCitation>
). It was named (but not published)
<taxonomicName id="9A9F9C86DD0B5D434958FC7DFC710C53" authorityName="Aiton (Aiton" authorityYear="1789" box="[813,957,1012,1038]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Rubus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="12" pageNumber="77" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="villosus">
<emphasis id="6FEB3B17DD0B5D434958FC7DFC710C53" box="[813,957,1012,1038]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="77">Rubus villosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by Solander. A piece was dried and conserved in the herbarium at Kew, now in BM. A second collection was sent to De Candolle, which is now in G-DC.
<bibRefCitation id="390E9AF4DD0B5D434F07FBBDFCB40C32" author="AITON W." pageId="12" pageNumber="77" refId="ref15920" refString="AITON W. 1789. - Hortus Kewensis or a Catalogue of Plants Cultivated in the Royal Botanic Garden at Kew. Vol. 2. Nicol, London, 460 p. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 4504" type="book" year="1789">Aiton (1789)</bibRefCitation>
formally published this species in the catalogue of Kew Gardens, based on the
<typeStatus id="822459A7DD0B5D434E1DFBFCFB5A0CD2" box="[1128,1174,1141,1167]" pageId="12" pageNumber="77">type</typeStatus>
in Kew. French botanists in Paris incorrectly assumed that this species was the same as a plant in their botanical garden, which had been named (but not published)
<taxonomicName id="9A9F9C86DD0B5D43498AFB5DFBBF0CB3" baseAuthorityName="Poiret" baseAuthorityYear="1804" box="[1023,1139,1236,1262]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Rubus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="12" pageNumber="77" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vulpinus">
<emphasis id="6FEB3B17DD0B5D43498AFB5DFBBF0CB3" box="[1023,1139,1236,1262]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="77">R. vulpinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by Jussieu. Due to taxonomic doubt about its identity, Poiret published
<taxonomicName id="9A9F9C86DD0B5D434EAFFB7DFA810D50" baseAuthorityName="Poiret" baseAuthorityYear="1804" box="[1242,1357,1267,1293]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Rubus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="12" pageNumber="77" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vulpinus">
<emphasis id="6FEB3B17DD0B5D434EAFFB7DFA810D50" box="[1242,1357,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="77">R. vulpinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as a valid name. However, this confusion continued in the work of later authors until Bailey consulted the
<typeStatus id="822459A7DD0B5D434EDFFABDFB150D13" box="[1194,1241,1332,1358]" pageId="12" pageNumber="77">type</typeStatus>
in BM. He rightly concluded that the specimen belonged to a different section than that of
<taxonomicName id="9A9F9C86DD0B5D4349DFFAFDFBD10DD0" baseAuthorityName="Poiret" baseAuthorityYear="1804" box="[938,1053,1395,1421]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Rubus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="12" pageNumber="77" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vulpinus">
<emphasis id="6FEB3B17DD0B5D4349DFFAFDFBD10DD0" box="[938,1053,1395,1421]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="77">R. vulpinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which, however, he recognized under the name
<taxonomicName id="9A9F9C86DD0B5D4349EFFA1DFB8D0DF0" baseAuthorityName="Porter" baseAuthorityYear="1896" box="[922,1089,1427,1453]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Rubus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="12" pageNumber="77" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="allegheniensis">
<emphasis id="6FEB3B17DD0B5D4349EFFA1DFB8D0DF0" box="[922,1089,1427,1453]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="77">R. allegheniensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. That name has been in common use since the early 20TH century for the widespread highbush blackberry which is
<taxonomicName id="9A9F9C86DD0B5D434E70FA5DFBB70DB0" baseAuthorityName="Poiret" baseAuthorityYear="1804" box="[1029,1147,1491,1517]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Rubus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="12" pageNumber="77" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vulpinus">
<emphasis id="6FEB3B17DD0B5D434E70FA5DFBB70DB0" box="[1029,1147,1491,1517]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="77">R. vulpinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5D20E705DD0B5D434936FA7AFB070ED0" blockId="12.[810,1458,216,1677]" pageId="12" pageNumber="77">
The identity of
<taxonomicName id="9A9F9C86DD0B5D43498FFA7AFBA40E50" authorityName="Aiton (Aiton" authorityYear="1789" box="[1018,1128,1523,1549]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Rubus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="12" pageNumber="77" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="villosus">
<emphasis id="6FEB3B17DD0B5D43498FFA7AFBA40E50" box="[1018,1128,1523,1549]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="77">R. villosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
remained obscure and often is considered irrelevant because it is an illegitimate, later homonym of
<taxonomicName id="9A9F9C86DD0B5D4349B4F9BAFB6C0E10" authority="Thunb. Its" authorityName="Thunb. Its" box="[961,1184,1586,1613]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Rubus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="12" pageNumber="77" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="villosus">
<emphasis id="6FEB3B17DD0B5D4349B4F9BAFBE40E11" box="[961,1064,1586,1612]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="77">R. villosus</emphasis>
Thunb. Its
</taxonomicName>
valid replacement name,
<taxonomicName id="9A9F9C86DD0B5D434958F9DAFBC10E31" authority="J. F. Gmel." authorityName="J. F. Gmel. (Gmelin" authorityYear="1791" box="[813,1037,1618,1645]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Rubus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="12" pageNumber="77" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="serratus">
<emphasis id="6FEB3B17DD0B5D434958F9DAFC5B0E31" box="[813,919,1619,1644]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="77">R. serratus</emphasis>
J.F. Gmel.
</taxonomicName>
, has long been neglected but now must replace the later synonym,
<taxonomicName id="9A9F9C86DD0B5D434E3BF9FAFB080ED1" authorityName="L. H. Bailey, Gentes Herbarum" authorityYear="1943" box="[1102,1220,1650,1676]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Rubus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="12" pageNumber="77" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="leviculus">
<emphasis id="6FEB3B17DD0B5D434E3BF9FAFB080ED1" box="[1102,1220,1650,1676]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="77">R. leviculus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>