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<document id="F3AF930973904AF7AD1626C8DA4D7716" ID-CLB-Dataset="9414" ID-DOI="10.5852/ejt.2020.726.1175" ID-GBIF-Dataset="19a6c218-3f99-4f09-96cc-bf839b3f29b8" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4309387" ID-ZooBank="3099C8E5-38D0-4985-90AE-B8AD4CB66D98" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1607338659944" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Leduc, Daniel" docDate="2020" docId="E71587B1C7798B070D2BFB42C978F9D6" docLanguage="en" docName="ejt-726_leduc.pdf" docOrigin="European Journal of Taxonomy 726" docStyle="DocumentStyle:EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911.14:EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleId="EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911" docStyleName="EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Halichoanolaimus pumilus Leduc 2020, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="027D24CF-2A62-472D-B6D9-F7E3EBB12487" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="78" masterDocId="1B2CFFC9C7698B140F6FFF9BCA6DFFDA" masterDocTitle="New and known Halichoanolaimus de Man, 1886 species (Nematoda: Selachinematidae) from New Zealand’s continental margin" masterLastPageNumber="82" masterPageNumber="59" pageNumber="75" updateTime="1698849962694" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:title id="0DCE3B5F264A1AD9B873C13A8B68954D">New and known Halichoanolaimus de Man, 1886 species (Nematoda: Selachinematidae) from New Zealand’s continental margin</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="D10BE4AAE8727957E743B4C7C964E35F">Leduc, Daniel</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="058D27D571E3FA76106B318628D5DD55">National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Wellington, 14 - 901, New Zealand.</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="FED101087C575CA03F27237B9C7830E0" type="email">daniel.leduc@niwa.co.nz</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="83AC6B163D7CC2151C4BB07975925BD3">European Journal of Taxonomy</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="198866B960E3EE47844140DDF0E805F7">
<mods:date id="455FBB3FB413B9FF1F99DA63DA8A0038">2020</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="5062CFA340A104EF2C6C260247BC2CDD">2020-12-03</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="84BED6EA245E96F3F4E2A45709CCCAA7">726</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="6B564790A2EA9D1EC825958DB0CEC597">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="86428F89A558835340F0AD58FDC6FAD2" type="DOI">10.5852/ejt.2020.726.1175</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="E71587B1C7798B070D2BFB42C978F9D6" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4328607" ID-GBIF-Taxon="170712044" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4328607" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:027D24CF-2A62-472D-B6D9-F7E3EBB12487" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E71587B1C7798B070D2BFB42C978F9D6" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="78" pageId="16" pageNumber="75">
<subSubSection id="27A6652CC7798B040D2BFB42C99DFB2F" box="[580,1008,1241,1269]" pageId="16" pageNumber="75" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="6F0336A7C7798B040D2BFB42C99DFB2F" blockId="16.[365,1223,1241,1339]" box="[580,1008,1241,1269]" pageId="16" pageNumber="75">
<heading id="344B81CBC7798B040D2BFB42C99DFB2F" box="[580,1008,1241,1269]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="16" pageNumber="75" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="A8BC4D24C7798B040D2BFB42C9E3FB2E" authority="Leduc, 2020" authorityName="Leduc" authorityYear="2020" box="[580,910,1241,1268]" class="Adenophorea" family="Choniolaimidae" genus="Halichoanolaimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="16" pageNumber="75" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="pumilus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="5DC8EAB5C7798B040D2BFB42C9E3FB2E" bold="true" box="[580,910,1241,1268]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="75">Halichoanolaimus pumilus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="46FB57CEC7798B040CFAFB40C99DFB2F" box="[917,1008,1243,1269]" pageId="16" pageNumber="75" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="27A6652CC7798B040E02FB66C9E0FAE1" pageId="16" pageNumber="75" type="description">
<paragraph id="6F0336A7C7798B040E02FB66CEAAFACD" blockId="16.[365,1223,1241,1339]" box="[365,1223,1277,1303]" pageId="16" pageNumber="75">
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urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:
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</uri>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6F0336A7C7798B040DC9FABBC9E0FAE1" blockId="16.[365,1223,1241,1339]" box="[678,909,1312,1339]" pageId="16" pageNumber="75">
<tableCitation id="223E031CC7798B040DC9FABBC890FAE1" box="[678,765,1312,1339]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="3.[186,255,562,590]" captionTargetBox="[200,1855,765,1720]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Table 1. Morphometrics (µm) of three new and one known species of Halichoanolaimus de Man, 1886 from New Zealand’s continental margin. Abbrevations = a, body length/maximum body diameter; b, body length/pharynx length; c, body length/tail length; cʹ, tail length/body diameter at level of cloacal opening or anus; cbd, corresponding body diameter; F, length of cylindrical portion of tail as % of total tail length; L, total body length; V, vulva distance from anterior end of body; %V, V/total body length × 100.*Because females lack an anus, tail length in females was measured from posterior edge of blind intestine, and the commonly used morphometric “anal body diameter” was measured at posterior edge of the blind intestine." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/3BC3662FC76A8B170FD5FDA9CD10FD01" pageId="16" pageNumber="75" tableUuid="3BC3662FC76A8B170FD5FDA9CD10FD01">Table 1</tableCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="F7872A22C7798B040C64FABBC9E0FAE1" box="[779,909,1312,1339]" captionStart-0="Fig" captionStart-1="Fig" captionStartId-0="17.[188,231,1963,1989]" captionStartId-1="18.[189,232,1857,1883]" captionTargetBox-0="[201,1397,265,1911]" captionTargetBox-1="[197,1390,569,1805]" captionTargetId-0="figure-12@17.[188,1398,262,1927]" captionTargetId-1="figure-70@18.[186,1402,540,1814]" captionTargetPageId-0="17" captionTargetPageId-1="18" captionText-0="Fig. 10. Halichoanolaimus pumilus sp. nov. Holotype ♂, NIWA 139250. A. Anterior body region. B. Posterior body region. C. Entire ♂. Scale bar: A = 25 µm; B = 42 µm; C = 60 µm." captionText-1="Fig. 11. Halichoanolaimus pumilussp. nov. Lightmicrographs of holotype ♂ (NIWA 139250). A. Junction of pharynx and intestine, showing position of secretory-excretory gland (seg) and pseudocoelomocyte (pc). B. Mid-body cuticle, showing position of pore complexes (arrows). C. Cuticle near tail region, showing position of pore complexes (arrows). D. Spicular apparatus and precloacal supplements (numbered 1 to 3). Scale bar = 20 µm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4309407" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4309409" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/4309407/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/4309409/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="75">Figs 10–11</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="27A6652CC7798B060FD2FAF9C803FE9D" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="77" pageId="16" pageNumber="75" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="6F0336A7C7798B040FD2FAF9CB5BFAA6" blockId="16.[189,310,1378,1404]" box="[189,310,1378,1404]" pageId="16" pageNumber="75">
<heading id="344B81CBC7798B040FD2FAF9CB5BFAA6" bold="true" box="[189,310,1378,1404]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="16" pageNumber="75" reason="3">
<emphasis id="5DC8EAB5C7798B040FD2FAF9CB5BFAA6" bold="true" box="[189,310,1378,1404]" pageId="16" pageNumber="75">Diagnosis</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6F0336A7C7798B040FD2FA0BCEF9F9ED" blockId="16.[189,1399,1424,1592]" pageId="16" pageNumber="75">
<taxonomicName id="A8BC4D24C7798B040FD2FA0BC86EFA70" authority="Leduc, 2020" authorityName="Leduc" authorityYear="2020" box="[189,515,1424,1450]" class="Adenophorea" family="Choniolaimidae" genus="Halichoanolaimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="16" pageNumber="75" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="pumilus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="5DC8EAB5C7798B040FD2FA0BC86EFA70" box="[189,515,1424,1450]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="75">Halichoanolaimus pumilus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="46FB57CEC7798B040D7CFA0AC81BFA71" box="[531,630,1425,1451]" pageId="16" pageNumber="75" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
is characterized by short body length,
<quantity id="A8449B42C7798B040BE4FA0BCE82FA71" box="[1163,1263,1424,1451]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.56" pageId="16" pageNumber="75" unit="mm" value="756.0">756 µm</quantity>
long, two dorsosublateral rows of pore complexes with five pore complexes in anterior part of intestine and 10 pore complexes anterior to cloacal region, amphideal fovea with 6.5 turns, pharyngeal lumen distinctly cuticularized, spicule length 1.8 body diameters at level of cloacal opening, gubernaculum
<quantity id="A8449B42C7798B040B81FA61CF56F9CF" box="[1262,1339,1530,1557]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" pageId="16" pageNumber="75" unit="mm" value="24.0">24 µm</quantity>
long and tail 4.7 cbd long with cylindrical portion comprising ca 60% of total tail length.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6F0336A7C7798B040FD2F9C5CBA4F9A2" blockId="16.[189,457,1630,1656]" box="[189,457,1630,1656]" pageId="16" pageNumber="75">
<heading id="344B81CBC7798B040FD2F9C5CBA4F9A2" bold="true" box="[189,457,1630,1656]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="16" pageNumber="75" reason="3">
<emphasis id="5DC8EAB5C7798B040FD2F9C5CBA4F9A2" bold="true" box="[189,457,1630,1656]" pageId="16" pageNumber="75">Differential diagnosis</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6F0336A7C7798B060FD2F916C803FE9D" blockId="16.[188,1399,1677,2021]" lastBlockId="18.[189,1398,265,327]" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="77" pageId="16" pageNumber="75">
The new species is most similar to
<taxonomicName id="A8BC4D24C7798B040D1DF915CEBAF972" authority="Zograf, Trebukhova &amp; Pavlyuk, 2015" authorityName="Zograf, Trebukhova &amp; Pavlyuk" authorityYear="2015" box="[626,1239,1677,1704]" class="Adenophorea" family="Choniolaimidae" genus="Halichoanolaimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="16" pageNumber="75" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="brandtae">
<emphasis id="5DC8EAB5C7798B040D1DF915C8EAF97D" box="[626,647,1678,1703]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="75">H</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="5DC8EAB5C7798B040DF6F916C96EF97D" box="[665,771,1677,1703]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="75">brandtae</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="0B2D4B56C7798B040C61F916CEBAF972" author="Zograf J. &amp; Trebukhova Y. &amp; Pavlyuk O." box="[782,1239,1677,1704]" pageId="16" pageNumber="75" pagination="63 - 80" refId="ref9668" refString="Zograf J., Trebukhova Y. &amp; Pavlyuk O. 2015. New deep-sea free-living marine nematodes from the Sea of Japan: the genera Siphonolaimus and Halichoanolaimus (Nematoda: Chromadorea) with keys to species identification. Zootaxa 3911 (1): 63 - 80. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3911.1.3" type="journal article" year="2015">
Zograf, Trebukhova &amp; Pavlyuk,
<quantity id="A8449B42C7798B040BF3F916CEBAF972" box="[1180,1239,1677,1704]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.1181" pageId="16" pageNumber="75" unit="in" value="2015.0">2015</quantity>
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</taxonomicName>
in tail shape (cylindrical portion &lt;75% of total tail length) and high number of amphideal fovea turns (6.5). The new species differs from the latter by the markedly shorter body length (756 vs
<quantity id="A8449B42C7798B040BF2F948CF39F934" box="[1181,1364,1747,1774]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.65" metricValueMax="1.7" metricValueMin="1.6" pageId="16" pageNumber="75" unit="mm" value="1650.0" valueMax="1700.0" valueMin="1600.0">1600–1700 µm</quantity>
in
<taxonomicName id="A8BC4D24C7798B040FD2F963CB3EF8CB" authorityName="Zograf, Trebukhova &amp; Pavlyuk" authorityYear="2015" box="[189,339,1783,1809]" class="Adenophorea" family="Choniolaimidae" genus="Halichoanolaimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="16" pageNumber="75" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="brandtae">
<emphasis id="5DC8EAB5C7798B040FD2F963CABFF8CB" box="[189,210,1784,1809]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="75">H</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="5DC8EAB5C7798B040F86F96CCB3EF8CB" box="[233,339,1783,1809]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="75">brandtae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), larger amphideal fovea (58 vs &lt;40% cbd in
<taxonomicName id="A8BC4D24C7798B040C1DF963CE6DF8CB" authorityName="Zograf, Trebukhova &amp; Pavlyuk" authorityYear="2015" box="[882,1024,1783,1809]" class="Adenophorea" family="Choniolaimidae" genus="Halichoanolaimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="16" pageNumber="75" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="brandtae">
<emphasis id="5DC8EAB5C7798B040C1DF963C9EAF8CB" box="[882,903,1784,1809]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="75">H</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="5DC8EAB5C7798B040CF9F96CCE6DF8CB" box="[918,1024,1783,1809]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="75">brandtae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), shorter spicules (49 vs
<quantity id="A8449B42C7798B040A45F96CCF1AF8CB" box="[1322,1399,1783,1809]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.2" pageId="16" pageNumber="75" unit="mm" value="82.0">82 µm</quantity>
in
<taxonomicName id="A8BC4D24C7798B040FB5F880CB0AF8EE" authorityName="Zograf, Trebukhova &amp; Pavlyuk" authorityYear="2015" box="[218,359,1818,1845]" class="Adenophorea" family="Choniolaimidae" genus="Halichoanolaimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="16" pageNumber="75" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="brandtae">
<emphasis id="5DC8EAB5C7798B040FB5F880CA82F8EE" box="[218,239,1819,1844]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="75">H</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="5DC8EAB5C7798B040F92F881CB0AF8EE" box="[253,359,1818,1844]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="75">brandtae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), shape and number of precloacal supplements (three supplements in shape of cylindrical cuticularized structures vs five papillose precloacal supplements in
<taxonomicName id="A8BC4D24C7798B040C91F8A5CEFCF88D" authorityName="Zograf, Trebukhova &amp; Pavlyuk" authorityYear="2015" box="[1022,1169,1853,1880]" class="Adenophorea" family="Choniolaimidae" genus="Halichoanolaimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="16" pageNumber="75" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="brandtae">
<emphasis id="5DC8EAB5C7798B040C91F8A5CE7EF88D" box="[1022,1043,1854,1879]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="75">H</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="5DC8EAB5C7798B040B48F8A6CEFCF88D" box="[1063,1169,1853,1879]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="75">brandtae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), and number and arrangement of cuticular pore structures (row of five dorsosublateral pore complexes in anterior part of intestine and 10 pore complexes anterior to cloacal opening vs row of 13–15 lateral 'cuticular pores' in posterior part of intestine in
<taxonomicName id="A8BC4D24C7798B040D2DF833C8B9F81B" authorityName="Zograf, Trebukhova &amp; Pavlyuk" authorityYear="2015" box="[578,724,1959,1985]" class="Adenophorea" family="Choniolaimidae" genus="Halichoanolaimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="16" pageNumber="75" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="brandtae">
<emphasis id="5DC8EAB5C7798B040D2DF833C83AF81B" box="[578,599,1960,1985]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="75">H</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="5DC8EAB5C7798B040D05F83CC8B9F81B" box="[618,724,1959,1985]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="75">brandtae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
<taxonomicName id="A8BC4D24C7798B040D9EF83CCE5EF81B" authority="Leduc, 2020" authorityName="Leduc" authorityYear="2020" box="[753,1075,1959,1985]" class="Adenophorea" family="Choniolaimidae" genus="Halichoanolaimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="16" pageNumber="75" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="pumilus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="5DC8EAB5C7798B040D9EF83CCE5EF81B" box="[753,1075,1959,1985]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="75">Halichoanolaimus pumilus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="46FB57CEC7798B040B51F83CCEF0F81B" box="[1086,1181,1959,1985]" pageId="16" pageNumber="75" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
is also similar to
<taxonomicName id="A8BC4D24C7798B040FD2F850C87EF83E" authority="Timm, 1961" authorityName="Timm" authorityYear="1961" box="[189,531,1994,2021]" class="Adenophorea" family="Choniolaimidae" genus="Halichoanolaimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="16" pageNumber="75" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="minutissimus">
<emphasis id="5DC8EAB5C7798B040FD2F850CABFF83E" box="[189,210,1995,2020]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="75">H</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="5DC8EAB5C7798B040F8EF850CB17F83E" box="[225,378,1995,2020]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="75">minutissimus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="0B2D4B56C7798B040EEDF851C87EF83E" author="Timm R. W." box="[386,531,1994,2020]" pageId="16" pageNumber="75" pagination="25 - 88" refId="ref9598" refString="Timm R. W. 1961. The marine nematodes of the Bay of Bengal. Proceedings of the Pakistan Academy of Science 1: 25 - 88." type="journal article" year="1961">
Timm,
<quantity id="A8449B42C7798B040EB7F851C87EF83E" box="[472,531,1994,2020]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.98094" pageId="16" pageNumber="75" unit="in" value="1961.0">1961</quantity>
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
in the short body length (&lt;
<quantity id="A8449B42C7798B040C31F851C9D6F83F" box="[862,955,1994,2021]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="16" pageNumber="75" unit="mm" value="800.0">800 µm</quantity>
) but can easily be distinguished from the latter by the much shorter tail (4.7 vs 11.0 cbd in
<taxonomicName id="A8BC4D24C77B8B060C5EFE91C983FEF9" authorityName="Timm" authorityYear="1961" box="[817,1006,266,292]" class="Adenophorea" family="Choniolaimidae" genus="Halichoanolaimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="18" pageNumber="77" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="minutissimus">
<emphasis id="5DC8EAB5C77B8B060C5EFE91C92BFEF9" box="[817,838,266,291]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="77">H</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="5DC8EAB5C77B8B060C3AFE91C983FEF9" box="[853,1006,266,291]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="77">minutissimus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) and number of amphideal fovea turns (6.5 vs
<quantity id="A8449B42C77B8B060E39FEB7CBF4FE9C" box="[342,409,300,327]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.89" pageId="18" pageNumber="77" unit="in" value="3.5">3.5 in</quantity>
<taxonomicName id="A8BC4D24C77B8B060ECFFEB6C830FE9C" authorityName="Timm" authorityYear="1961" box="[416,605,301,327]" class="Adenophorea" family="Choniolaimidae" genus="Halichoanolaimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="18" pageNumber="77" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="minutissimus">
<emphasis id="5DC8EAB5C77B8B060ECFFEB6CBD8FE9C" box="[416,437,301,326]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="77">H</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="5DC8EAB5C77B8B060EABFEB6C830FE9C" box="[452,605,301,326]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="77">minutissimus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="3BC3662FC7788B050FD3F830CECCF833" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4309407" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4309407" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4309407/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="76" startId="17.[188,231,1963,1989]" targetBox="[201,1397,265,1911]" targetPageId="17">
<paragraph id="6F0336A7C7788B050FD3F830CECCF833" blockId="17.[188,1398,1963,2025]" pageId="17" pageNumber="76">
<emphasis id="5DC8EAB5C7788B050FD3F830CB70F81F" bold="true" box="[188,285,1963,1989]" pageId="17" pageNumber="76">Fig. 10.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="A8BC4D24C7788B050E46F830C806F81F" authority="Leduc, 2020" authorityName="Leduc" authorityYear="2020" box="[297,619,1963,1989]" class="Adenophorea" family="Choniolaimidae" genus="Halichoanolaimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="17" pageNumber="76" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="pumilus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="5DC8EAB5C7788B050E46F830C806F81F" box="[297,619,1963,1989]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="76">Halichoanolaimus pumilus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="46FB57CEC7788B050D18F837C8BBF81C" box="[631,726,1964,1990]" pageId="17" pageNumber="76" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
Holotype ♂, NIWA 139250.
<emphasis id="5DC8EAB5C7788B050B29F830CE36F81F" bold="true" box="[1094,1115,1963,1989]" pageId="17" pageNumber="76">A</emphasis>
. Anterior body region.
<emphasis id="5DC8EAB5C7788B050FD3F855CABDF832" bold="true" box="[188,208,1998,2024]" pageId="17" pageNumber="76">B</emphasis>
. Posterior body region.
<emphasis id="5DC8EAB5C7788B050E84F855C86DF832" bold="true" box="[491,512,1998,2024]" pageId="17" pageNumber="76">C</emphasis>
. Entire ♂. Scale bar: A = 25 µm; B = 42 µm; C = 60 µm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="27A6652CC77B8B060FD2FEF5C91BFE00" pageId="18" pageNumber="77" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="6F0336A7C77B8B060FD2FEF5CB29FE52" blockId="18.[189,324,366,392]" box="[189,324,366,392]" pageId="18" pageNumber="77">
<heading id="344B81CBC77B8B060FD2FEF5CB29FE52" bold="true" box="[189,324,366,392]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="18" pageNumber="77" reason="3">
<emphasis id="5DC8EAB5C77B8B060FD2FEF5CB29FE52" bold="true" box="[189,324,366,392]" pageId="18" pageNumber="77">Etymology</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6F0336A7C77B8B060FD2FE07C91BFE00" blockId="18.[189,1398,412,474]" pageId="18" pageNumber="77">
The species name is derived from the Latin
<taxonomicName id="A8BC4D24C77B8B060DD8FE07C979FE6C" authorityName="Leduc" authorityYear="2020" box="[695,788,412,438]" class="Adenophorea" family="Choniolaimidae" genus="Halichoanolaimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="18" pageNumber="77" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="pumilus">
<emphasis id="5DC8EAB5C77B8B060DD8FE07C979FE6C" box="[695,788,412,438]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="77">pumilus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
('dwarfish', 'little') and refers to the small size of this species relative to most other species of
<taxonomicName id="A8BC4D24C77B8B060DF9FE24C902FE03" authorityName="de Man" authorityYear="1886" box="[662,879,447,473]" class="Adenophorea" family="Choniolaimidae" genus="Halichoanolaimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="18" pageNumber="77" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="5DC8EAB5C77B8B060DF9FE24C902FE03" box="[662,879,447,473]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="77">Halichoanolaimus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="3BC3662FC77B8B060FD2F8DAC813F833" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4309409" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4309409" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4309409/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="77" startId="18.[189,232,1857,1883]" targetBox="[197,1390,569,1805]" targetPageId="18">
<paragraph id="6F0336A7C77B8B060FD2F8DAC813F833" blockId="18.[186,1399,1857,2025]" pageId="18" pageNumber="77">
<emphasis id="5DC8EAB5C77B8B060FD2F8DACB79F881" bold="true" box="[189,276,1857,1883]" pageId="18" pageNumber="77">Fig. 11.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="A8BC4D24C77B8B060E77F8DAC83FF881" authority="Leduc, 2020" authorityName="Leduc" authorityYear="2020" box="[280,594,1857,1883]" class="Adenophorea" family="Choniolaimidae" genus="Halichoanolaimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="18" pageNumber="77" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="pumilus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="5DC8EAB5C77B8B060E77F8DAC83FF881" box="[280,594,1857,1883]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="77">Halichoanolaimus pumilus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="46FB57CEC77B8B060D3CF8D9C8C7F886" box="[595,682,1858,1884]" pageId="18" pageNumber="77" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
Light micrographs of holotype ♂ (NIWA 139250).
<emphasis id="5DC8EAB5C77B8B060B9DF8DACF6AF881" bold="true" box="[1266,1287,1857,1883]" pageId="18" pageNumber="77">A</emphasis>
. Junction of pharynx and intestine, showing position of secretory-excretory gland (seg) and pseudocoelomocyte (pc).
<emphasis id="5DC8EAB5C77B8B060F92F813CB7CF878" bold="true" box="[253,273,1928,1954]" pageId="18" pageNumber="77">B</emphasis>
. Mid-body cuticle, showing position of pore complexes (arrows).
<emphasis id="5DC8EAB5C77B8B060B5CF813CE25F878" bold="true" box="[1075,1096,1928,1954]" pageId="18" pageNumber="77">C</emphasis>
. Cuticle near tail region, showing position of pore complexes (arrows).
<emphasis id="5DC8EAB5C77B8B060C65F830C972F81F" bold="true" box="[778,799,1963,1989]" pageId="18" pageNumber="77">D</emphasis>
. Spicular apparatus and precloacal supplements (numbered 1 to 3). Scale bar = 20 µm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="27A6652CC77A8B070FD2FE93C840FDF7" pageId="19" pageNumber="78" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="6F0336A7C77A8B070FD2FE93CBC7FEF8" blockId="19.[189,426,264,290]" box="[189,426,264,290]" pageId="19" pageNumber="78">
<heading id="344B81CBC77A8B070FD2FE93CBC7FEF8" bold="true" box="[189,426,264,290]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="19" pageNumber="78" reason="3">
<emphasis id="5DC8EAB5C77A8B070FD2FE93CBC7FEF8" bold="true" box="[189,426,264,290]" pageId="19" pageNumber="78">Material examined</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<materialsCitation id="DFD43CFAC77A8B070F85FEACCEB6FE43" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2989822304" collectedFrom="sandy mud" collectingDate="2007-04-06" collectionCode="NIWA" country="New Zealand" elevation="803" latitude="-40.1313" location="Challenger Plateau" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="170.2132" pageId="19" pageNumber="78" specimenCode="NIWA 139250" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<paragraph id="6F0336A7C77A8B070F85FEACCB31FE8B" blockId="19.[189,1399,311,409]" box="[234,348,311,337]" pageId="19" pageNumber="78">
<emphasis id="5DC8EAB5C77A8B070F85FEACCB31FE8B" bold="true" box="[234,348,311,337]" pageId="19" pageNumber="78">
<typeStatus id="B0078805C77A8B070F85FEACCB31FE8B" box="[234,348,311,337]" pageId="19" pageNumber="78" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6F0336A7C77A8B070FD2FEC0CEB6FE43" blockId="19.[189,1399,311,409]" pageId="19" pageNumber="78">
<collectingCountry id="17AB7637C77A8B070FD2FEC0CBFBFEAF" box="[189,406,347,373]" name="New Zealand" pageId="19" pageNumber="78">NEW ZEALAND</collectingCountry>
•
<specimenCount id="79BAFD2EC77A8B070ED6FEC0CBBCFEAF" box="[441,465,347,373]" pageId="19" pageNumber="78" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
;
<location id="6A63607CC77A8B070E8CFEC0C8A4FEAF" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E71587B1C7798B070D2BFB42C978F9D6:6A63607CC77A8B070E8CFEC0C8A4FEAF" box="[483,713,347,373]" country="New Zealand" latitude="-40.1313" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="170.2132" name="Challenger Plateau" pageId="19" pageNumber="78">Challenger Plateau</location>
,
<quantity id="A8449B42C77A8B070DB5FEC0C947FEAF" box="[730,810,347,373]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.03" pageId="19" pageNumber="78" unit="m" value="803.0">
<elevation id="E491D194C77A8B070DB5FEC0C947FEAF" box="[730,810,347,373]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.03" pageId="19" pageNumber="78" unit="m" value="803.0">803 m</elevation>
</quantity>
water depth (
<geoCoordinate id="0A885060C77A8B070CB6FEC0CE09FEAF" box="[985,1124,347,373]" degrees="40.1313" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="19" pageNumber="78" precision="5" value="-40.1313">40.1313° S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="0A885060C77A8B070B19FEC0CF7DFEAF" box="[1142,1296,347,373]" degrees="170.2132" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="19" pageNumber="78" precision="5" value="170.2132">170.2132° E</geoCoordinate>
, voyage TAN0707, station 98),
<collectedFrom id="DCA0755AC77A8B070EA3FEE5C826FE42" box="[460,587,382,408]" pageId="19" pageNumber="78">sandy mud</collectedFrom>
(82% silt/clay, 18% sand);
<date id="1B021067C77A8B070CE0FEE5CE71FE42" box="[911,1052,382,408]" pageId="19" pageNumber="78" value="2007-04-06">
<collectingDate id="0B46E98FC77A8B070CE0FEE5CE71FE42" box="[911,1052,382,408]" pageId="19" pageNumber="78" value="2007-04-06">6 Apr. 2007</collectingDate>
</date>
;
<specimenCode id="3F1A9EDCC77A8B070B46FEE5CEBAFE43" box="[1065,1239,382,409]" collectionCode="NIWA" country="New Zealand" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/nyq3-3g6s" name="National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research" pageId="19" pageNumber="78" type="Other institutional type">NIWA 139250</specimenCode>
.
</paragraph>
</materialsCitation>
<paragraph id="6F0336A7C77A8B070FD2FE5BCB99FE03" blockId="19.[189,500,447,474]" box="[189,500,447,474]" pageId="19" pageNumber="78">
<heading id="344B81CBC77A8B070FD2FE5BCB99FE03" bold="true" box="[189,500,447,474]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="19" pageNumber="78" reason="3">
<emphasis id="5DC8EAB5C77A8B070FD2FE5BCB99FE03" bold="true" box="[189,500,447,474]" pageId="19" pageNumber="78">Type habitat and locality</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6F0336A7C77A8B070FD2FE75C840FDF7" blockId="19.[189,1398,494,557]" pageId="19" pageNumber="78">
<materialsCitation id="DFD43CFAC77A8B070FD2FE75C840FDF7" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2989822301" collectedFrom="sandy mud" elevation="803" latitude="-40.1313" location="Challenger Plateau" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="170.2132" pageId="19" pageNumber="78" specimenCount="1">
<location id="6A63607CC77A8B070FD2FE75CBF3FDD2" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E71587B1C7798B070D2BFB42C978F9D6:6A63607CC77A8B070FD2FE75CBF3FDD2" box="[189,414,494,520]" latitude="-40.1313" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="170.2132" name="Challenger Plateau" pageId="19" pageNumber="78">Challenger Plateau</location>
,
<quantity id="A8449B42C77A8B070EC5FE75CB99FDD3" box="[426,500,494,521]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.03" pageId="19" pageNumber="78" unit="m" value="803.0">
<elevation id="E491D194C77A8B070EC5FE75CB99FDD3" box="[426,500,494,521]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.03" pageId="19" pageNumber="78" unit="m" value="803.0">803 m</elevation>
</quantity>
water depth (
<geoCoordinate id="0A885060C77A8B070DFBFE75C977FDD2" box="[660,794,494,520]" degrees="40.1313" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="19" pageNumber="78" precision="5" value="-40.1313">40.1313° S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="0A885060C77A8B070C48FE75C9D1FDD3" box="[807,956,494,521]" degrees="170.2132" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="19" pageNumber="78" precision="5" value="170.2132">170.2132° E</geoCoordinate>
, voyage TAN0707, station 98),
<collectedFrom id="DCA0755AC77A8B070A5DFE75CA9CFDF6" pageId="19" pageNumber="78">sandy mud</collectedFrom>
(82% silt/clay, 18% sand).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="27A6652CC77A8B070FD2FDC8C978F9D6" pageId="19" pageNumber="78" type="description">
<paragraph id="6F0336A7C77A8B070FD2FDC8CB23FDB7" blockId="19.[189,334,595,621]" box="[189,334,595,621]" pageId="19" pageNumber="78">
<heading id="344B81CBC77A8B070FD2FDC8CB23FDB7" bold="true" box="[189,334,595,621]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="19" pageNumber="78" reason="3">
<emphasis id="5DC8EAB5C77A8B070FD2FDC8CB23FDB7" bold="true" box="[189,334,595,621]" pageId="19" pageNumber="78">Description</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6F0336A7C77A8B070F85FD19CB47FD46" blockId="19.[188,1400,642,1270]" box="[234,298,642,668]" pageId="19" pageNumber="78">
<emphasis id="5DC8EAB5C77A8B070F85FD19CB47FD46" bold="true" box="[234,298,642,668]" pageId="19" pageNumber="78">Male</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6F0336A7C77A8B070FD2FD3DC84DFB2C" blockId="19.[188,1400,642,1270]" pageId="19" pageNumber="78">
BODY. Cylindrical, tapering slightly towards both extremities.Cuticle with transverse rows of punctations; lateral differentiation consisting of larger, more widely spaced punctations. Two dorsosublateral rows of pore complexes with five pore complexes in anterior part of intestine and 10 pore complexes anterior to cloacal region; each pore complex ca
<quantity id="A8449B42C77A8B070DC6FC8BC887FCF0" box="[681,746,784,810]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="19" pageNumber="78" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 µm</quantity>
in diameter. Somatic setae short,
<quantity id="A8449B42C77A8B070BE9FC8BCEAAFCF0" box="[1158,1223,784,810]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="19" pageNumber="78" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 µm</quantity>
long, sparsely distributed. Cephalic region slightly rounded, lip region slightly offset. Six inner labial papillae; six short outer labial setae,
<quantity id="A8449B42C77A8B070EBCFCCCC843FCAB" box="[467,558,855,881]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="19" pageNumber="78" unit="mm" value="3.5" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="3.0">3–4 µm</quantity>
long, at same level as four cephalic papillae of same length. Amphideal fovea relatively large, multispiral with 6.5 turns, situated ca 0.5 cbd from anterior end. Buccal cavity (pharyngostome) large, ca
<quantity id="A8449B42C77A8B070D67FC06C834FC62" box="[520,601,925,952]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="19" pageNumber="78" unit="mm" value="20.0">20 µm</quantity>
deep, divided into anterior (gymnostome) and posterior portions (stegostome). Anterior portion of buccal cavity cup-shaped, with three sets of three cuticularized rhabdions,
<quantity id="A8449B42C77A8B070E2DFC7FCBEFFC25" box="[322,386,996,1023]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="19" pageNumber="78" unit="mm" value="8.0">8 µm</quantity>
long, terminating in three sets of paired teeth (denticles; exact number could not be determined); posterior portion of buccal cavity narrower, cylindrical, surrounded by three Y-shaped pairs of cuticularized rhabdions with swollen bases,
<quantity id="A8449B42C77A8B070C72FBB0C904FB9F" box="[797,873,1067,1093]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="19" pageNumber="78" unit="mm" value="10.0">10 µm</quantity>
long. Pharynx cylindrical, muscular, without anterior or posterior bulb; pharyngeal lumen cuticularized. Nerve ring at ca 55% of pharynx length from anterior. Secretory-excretory system present. Renette cell small,
<quantity id="A8449B42C77A8B070CC1FBE9C981FB56" box="[942,1004,1138,1164]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="19" pageNumber="78" unit="mm" value="9.0">9 µm</quantity>
long,
<quantity id="A8449B42C77A8B070B5AFBE9CE1FFB56" box="[1077,1138,1138,1164]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="19" pageNumber="78" unit="mm" value="7.0">7 µm</quantity>
wide, situated at level of cardia; single nucleated pseudocoelomocyte situated dorsally and opposite renette cell, pore situated slightly posterior to nerve ring. Cardia small, partially surrounded by intestine. Posterior extremity of intestine blind, rectum absent.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6F0336A7C77A8B070FD2FA85C978F9D6" blockId="19.[187,1398,1309,1548]" pageId="19" pageNumber="78">
REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM. Diorchic with outstretched testes. Anterior testis to the left of intestine, posterior testis to the right of intestine. Sperm cells globular, 6–10 ×
<quantity id="A8449B42C77A8B070C15FADAC985FA81" box="[890,1000,1345,1371]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" metricValueMax="1.4" metricValueMin="0.8" pageId="19" pageNumber="78" unit="mm" value="11.0" valueMax="14.0" valueMin="8.0">8–14 µm</quantity>
. Spicules paired, curved, tapering distally, length 1.7 body diameters at level of cloacal opening. Gubernaculum consisting of two detached lateral pieces (crurae) tapering distally, median portion of gubernaculum (corpus and cuneus) not visible. Three precloacal supplements in shape of cylindrical cuticularized structures located
<quantity id="A8449B42C77A8B070BF1FA30CE94FA1C" box="[1182,1273,1451,1478]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" metricValueMax="9.0" metricValueMin="8.0" pageId="19" pageNumber="78" unit="mm" value="8.5" valueMax="9.0" valueMin="8.0">8–9 µm</quantity>
apart. Tail conicocylindrical, cylindrical portion ca 60% of total tail length; a few short and sparse somatic setae present. Three caudal glands and spinneret present.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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