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<document id="9B20184BAB390904D1911E6F0A748DB5" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4622.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="6c263a25-844c-46f3-8954-6fd01361de19" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3379899" ID-ZooBank="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:4537BB46-452F-4E0C-A444-4AA5E12A64E7" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="admin" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects" IM.treatments_approvedBy="admin" approvalRequired="1" approvalRequired_for_taxonomicNames="1" checkinTime="1561539743293" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Ravichandran, S., Vigneshwaran, P. &amp; Rameshkumar, G." docDate="2019" docId="E129637EFF8AA452FF47F851FADFFCA4" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4622.1.1.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4622 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Cymothoa Fabricius 1793" docType="treatment" docVersion="24" lastPageNumber="18" masterDocId="1D101B06FF9AA443FFD0FFDEFF9AFFFC" masterDocTitle="A taxonomic review of the fish parasitic isopod family Cymothoidae Leach, 1818 (Crustacea: Isopoda: Cymothooidea) of India" masterLastPageNumber="99" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="17" updateTime="1696193409291" updateUser="admin">
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<mods:title id="C2B8FB2AE3DBA96AD4ADFF2C819249C9">A taxonomic review of the fish parasitic isopod family Cymothoidae Leach, 1818 (Crustacea: Isopoda: Cymothooidea) of India</mods:title>
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<paragraph id="693FD268FF8AA453FF47F851FDA8F856" blockId="16.[151,562,1935,1962]" box="[151,562,1935,1962]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<heading id="32776504FF8AA453FF47F851FDA8F856" bold="true" box="[151,562,1935,1962]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" reason="1">
<emphasis id="5BF40E7AFF8AA453FF47F851FDA8F856" bold="true" box="[151,562,1935,1962]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
Genus
<taxonomicName id="AE80A9EBFF8AA453FF3EF851FDA8F856" ID-CoL="7NV7J" ID-ENA="439377" authority="Fabricius, 1793" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1793" box="[238,562,1935,1962]" class="Malacostraca" family="Cymothoidae" genus="Cymothoa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="5BF40E7AFF8AA453FF3EF851FEF0F856" bold="true" box="[238,362,1935,1962]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Cymothoa</emphasis>
Fabricius, 1793
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="693FD268FF8AA452FF47F80AFCA4FF2C" blockId="16.[151,1436,2003,2028]" lastBlockId="17.[199,1436,152,208]" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="18" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
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<taxonomicName id="AE80A9EBFF8AA453FF47F80AFE45F810" ID-CoL="7NV7J" authority="Fabricius, 1793: 503" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityPageNumber="503" authorityYear="1793" box="[151,479,2003,2028]" class="Malacostraca" family="Cymothoidae" genus="Cymothoa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="5BF40E7AFF8AA453FF47F80AFF65F810" box="[151,255,2004,2028]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Cymothoa</emphasis>
Fabricius, 1793: 503
</taxonomicName>
.—
<treatmentCitation id="E821F479FF8AA453FE2DF80DFC8FF810" author="Milne Edwards, H." box="[509,789,2003,2028]" page="264" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" year="1840">
<bibRefCitation id="0D11AF99FF8AA453FE2DF80DFC8FF810" author="Milne Edwards, H." box="[509,789,2003,2028]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" refId="ref75739" refString="Milne Edwards, H. (1840) Histoire Naturelle des Crustaces Comprenent l'anatomie, la physiologie et la classification de ces animaux. Roret, Paris, 638 pp." type="book" year="1840">Milne Edwards, 1840: 264</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.—
<treatmentCitation id="E821F479FF8AA453FCE2F80DFB1CF810" author="Schioedte, J. C. &amp; Meinert, F." box="[818,1158,2003,2028]" page="223" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" year="1884">
<bibRefCitation id="0D11AF99FF8AA453FCE2F80DFB1CF810" author="Schioedte, J. C. &amp; Meinert, F." box="[818,1158,2003,2028]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="221 - 454" refId="ref79494" refString="Schioedte, J. C. &amp; Meinert, F. (1884) Symbolae ad monographium Cymothoarum crustaceorum isopodum familiae. IV. Cymothoidae Trib. II. Cymothoinae. Trib. III: Lironecinae. Naturhistorisk Tidsskrift, 14, 221 - 454." type="journal article" year="1884">Schiöedte &amp; Meinert, 1884: 223</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.—
<treatmentCitation id="E821F479FF8AA453FB75F80DFAE4F810" author="Kussakin, O. G." box="[1189,1406,2003,2028]" page="289" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" year="1979">
<bibRefCitation id="0D11AF99FF8AA453FB75F80DFAE4F810" author="Kussakin, O. G." box="[1189,1406,2003,2028]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" refId="ref74686" refString="Kussakin, O. G. (1979) Marine and brackishwater like-footed Crustacea (Isopoda) from the cold and temperate waters of the Northern Hemisphere. Suborder Flabellifera. Opredeliteli po Faune SSSR, Izdavaemye Zoologicheskim Institutom Akademii Nauk SSSR, Izdatel'stvo Nauka, Leningrad, 472 pp." type="book" year="1979">Kussakin, 1979: 289</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.—
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<bibRefCitation id="0D11AF99FF8BA452FF17FF47FE18FF4D" author="Brusca, R. C." box="[199,386,152,177]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="117 - 199" refId="ref71739" refString="Brusca, R. C. (1981) A monograph on the Isopoda Cymothoidae (Crustacea) of the eastern Pacific. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 73, 117 - 199. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1981. tb 01592. x" type="journal article" year="1981">Brusca, 1981: 185</bibRefCitation>
.—
<bibRefCitation id="0D11AF99FF8BA452FE71FF46FD5FFF4D" author="Brusca, R. C. &amp; Iverson, E. W." box="[417,709,152,177]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="1 - 77" refId="ref71700" refString="Brusca, R. C. &amp; Iverson, E. W. (1985) A guide to the marine isopod Crustacea of Pacific Costa Rica. Revista de Biologia Tropical, 33, 1 - 77." type="journal article" year="1985">Brusca &amp; Iverson, 1985: 45</bibRefCitation>
.—
<bibRefCitation id="0D11AF99FF8BA452FD33FF46FC01FF4D" author="Trilles, J. - P." box="[739,923,152,177]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="1 - 288" refId="ref80781" refString="Trilles, J. - P. (1994) Les Cymothoidae (Crustacea: Isopoda) du Monde. Podrome pour une faune. Studia Marina, 21 / 22, 1 - 288." type="journal article" year="1994">Trilles, 1994: 137</bibRefCitation>
.—
<bibRefCitation id="0D11AF99FF8BA452FC69FF46FA87FF4D" author="Hadfield, K. A. &amp; Bruce, N. L. &amp; Smit, N. J." box="[953,1309,152,177]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="57 - 68" refId="ref72836" refString="Hadfield, K. A., Bruce, N. L. &amp; Smit, N. J. (2011) Cymothoa hermani sp. nov. (Isopoda, Cymothoidae, Crustacea), a parasitic isopod, collected off the Zanzibar coast, Tanzania from the mouth of a parrotfish (Scaridae). Zootaxa, 2876 (1), 57 - 68. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 2876.1.6" type="journal article" year="2011">Hadfield, Bruce &amp; Smit, 2011: 58</bibRefCitation>
.—
<bibRefCitation id="0D11AF99FF8BA452FAEBFF46FE5CFF2C" author="Hadfield, K. A. &amp; Bruce, N. L. &amp; Smit, N. J." pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="152 - 176" refId="ref72917" refString="Hadfield, K. A., Bruce, N. L. &amp; Smit, N. J. (2013) Review of the fish-parasitic genus Cymothoa Fabricius, 1783 (Isopoda, Cymothoidae, Crustacea) from the southwestern Indian Ocean, including a new species from South Africa. Zootaxa, 3640 (2), 152 - 176. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3640.2.2" type="journal article" year="2013">Hadfield, Bruce &amp; Smit, 2013: 153</bibRefCitation>
:—
<bibRefCitation id="0D11AF99FF8BA452FE34FF69FCBBFF2C" author="Martin, M. B. &amp; Bruce, N. L. &amp; Nowak, B. F." box="[484,801,183,208]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="1" refId="ref75420" refString="Martin, M. B., Bruce, N. L. &amp; Nowak, B. F. (2016) Review of the fish-parasitic genus Cymothoa Fabricius, 1793 (Crustacea, Isopoda, Cymothoidae) from Australia. Zootaxa, 4119 (1), 001 - 072. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4119.1.1" type="journal article" year="2016">Martin, Bruce &amp; Nowak, 2016</bibRefCitation>
; 5.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="219A81E3FF8BA452FF47FF20FB32FEE4" box="[151,1192,253,280]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="693FD268FF8BA452FF47FF20FB32FEE4" blockId="17.[151,1437,253,856]" box="[151,1192,253,280]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<emphasis id="5BF40E7AFF8BA452FF47FF20FEB1FEE4" bold="true" box="[151,299,253,280]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Type species</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="AE80A9EBFF8BA452FEE9FF20FD37FEE4" authority="Fabricius, 1793" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1793" box="[313,685,254,280]" class="Malacostraca" family="Oniscidae" genus="Oniscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oestrum">
<emphasis id="5BF40E7AFF8BA452FEE9FF20FE6EFEE4" box="[313,500,254,280]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Oniscus oestrum</emphasis>
Fabricius, 1793
</taxonomicName>
; by subsequent designation (
<bibRefCitation id="0D11AF99FF8BA452FC3FFF20FB06FEE4" author="Kussakin, O. G." box="[1007,1180,254,280]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refId="ref74686" refString="Kussakin, O. G. (1979) Marine and brackishwater like-footed Crustacea (Isopoda) from the cold and temperate waters of the Northern Hemisphere. Suborder Flabellifera. Opredeliteli po Faune SSSR, Izdavaemye Zoologicheskim Institutom Akademii Nauk SSSR, Izdatel'stvo Nauka, Leningrad, 472 pp." type="book" year="1979">Kussakin 1979</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="219A81E3FF8BA452FF17FEFFFA86FEC0" box="[199,1308,289,316]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="693FD268FF8BA452FF17FEFFFA86FEC0" blockId="17.[151,1437,253,856]" box="[199,1308,289,316]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<emphasis id="5BF40E7AFF8BA452FF17FEFFFED8FEC0" bold="true" box="[199,322,289,316]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
The genus diagnosis has been comprehensively revised by
<bibRefCitation id="0D11AF99FF8BA452FC0DFEFCFB52FEC0" author="Hadfield, K. A. &amp; Bruce, N. L. &amp; Smit, N. J." box="[989,1224,290,316]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="57 - 68" refId="ref72836" refString="Hadfield, K. A., Bruce, N. L. &amp; Smit, N. J. (2011) Cymothoa hermani sp. nov. (Isopoda, Cymothoidae, Crustacea), a parasitic isopod, collected off the Zanzibar coast, Tanzania from the mouth of a parrotfish (Scaridae). Zootaxa, 2876 (1), 57 - 68. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 2876.1.6" type="journal article" year="2011">
Hadfield
<emphasis id="5BF40E7AFF8BA452FB96FEFDFBE4FEC0" box="[1094,1150,290,316]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">et al.</emphasis>
(2011
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="0D11AF99FF8BA452FB03FEFCFA8AFEC0" author="Hadfield, K. A. &amp; Bruce, N. L. &amp; Smit, N. J." box="[1235,1296,290,316]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="152 - 176" refId="ref72917" refString="Hadfield, K. A., Bruce, N. L. &amp; Smit, N. J. (2013) Review of the fish-parasitic genus Cymothoa Fabricius, 1783 (Isopoda, Cymothoidae, Crustacea) from the southwestern Indian Ocean, including a new species from South Africa. Zootaxa, 3640 (2), 152 - 176. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3640.2.2" type="journal article" year="2013">2013</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="219A81E3FF8BA452FF17FE98FADFFCA4" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="693FD268FF8BA452FF17FE98FDD0FE0C" blockId="17.[151,1437,253,856]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<emphasis id="5BF40E7AFF8BA452FF17FE98FEA1FE9C" bold="true" box="[199,315,326,352]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Remarks.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="AE80A9EBFF8BA452FE93FE98FE2CFE9C" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1793" box="[323,438,326,352]" class="Malacostraca" family="Cymothoidae" genus="Cymothoa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="5BF40E7AFF8BA452FE93FE98FE2CFE9C" box="[323,438,326,352]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Cymothoa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is may be identified by the strongly vaulted body; widest at pereonite 3; cephalon with wide, subtruncate rostrum folded back deeply immersed in pereonite 1, widely separated and slender antenna and antennula; coxae 5–7 dorsally partially visible; pereonite 7 posterolateral margins extending past pleonite 1; wide pleotelson; pleonite 1 as wide as other pleonites; and uropod rami which are shorter than the pleotelson; pereopods 5–7 basis with broad blade-like carina.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="693FD268FF8BA452FF17FE24FADFFCA4" blockId="17.[151,1437,253,856]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
The other common buccal cavity inhabiting genera in the north-eastern Indian Ocean are
<taxonomicName id="AE80A9EBFF8BA452FB01FE24FF55FDC4" authority="Dana, 1852" authorityName="Dana" authorityYear="1852" class="Malacostraca" family="Cymothoidae" genus="Ceratothoa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="5BF40E7AFF8BA452FB01FE24FACBFDE8" box="[1233,1361,506,532]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Ceratothoa</emphasis>
Dana, 1852
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="AE80A9EBFF8BA452FED5FDC0FD14FDC4" authority="Schioedte &amp; Meinert, 1884" authorityName="Schioedte &amp; Meinert" authorityYear="1884" box="[261,654,542,568]" class="Malacostraca" family="Cymothoidae" genus="Cinusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="5BF40E7AFF8BA452FED5FDC0FECEFDC4" box="[261,340,542,568]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Cinusa</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="0D11AF99FF8BA452FE8BFDC0FD14FDC4" author="Schioedte, J. C. &amp; Meinert, F." box="[347,654,542,568]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="221 - 454" refId="ref79494" refString="Schioedte, J. C. &amp; Meinert, F. (1884) Symbolae ad monographium Cymothoarum crustaceorum isopodum familiae. IV. Cymothoidae Trib. II. Cymothoinae. Trib. III: Lironecinae. Naturhistorisk Tidsskrift, 14, 221 - 454." type="journal article" year="1884">Schiöedte &amp; Meinert, 1884</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
<taxonomicName id="AE80A9EBFF8BA452FD48FDC0FC91FDC4" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1793" box="[664,779,542,568]" class="Malacostraca" family="Cymothoidae" genus="Cymothoa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="5BF40E7AFF8BA452FD48FDC0FC91FDC4" box="[664,779,542,568]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Cymothoa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has widely separated antenna bases, while
<taxonomicName id="AE80A9EBFF8BA452FB3EFDC0FAA7FDC4" authorityName="Schioedte &amp; Meinert" authorityYear="1884" box="[1262,1341,542,568]" class="Malacostraca" family="Cymothoidae" genus="Cinusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="5BF40E7AFF8BA452FB3EFDC0FAA7FDC4" box="[1262,1341,542,568]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Cinusa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has narrowly separated bases;
<taxonomicName id="AE80A9EBFF8BA452FE4BFD9CFD81FDA0" authorityName="Dana" authorityYear="1852" box="[411,539,578,604]" class="Malacostraca" family="Cymothoidae" genus="Ceratothoa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="5BF40E7AFF8BA452FE4BFD9CFD81FDA0" box="[411,539,578,604]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Ceratothoa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has contiguous antennal bases and the antenna are also conspicuously expanded (
<bibRefCitation id="0D11AF99FF8BA452FF4FFDB8FEE2FD7C" author="Martin, M. B. &amp; Bruce, N. L. &amp; Nowak, B. F." box="[159,376,613,640]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="251 - 294" refId="ref75279" refString="Martin, M. B., Bruce, N. L. &amp; Nowak, B. F. (2015 a) Review of the fish-parasitic genus Ceratothoa Dana, 1852 (Crustacea, Isopoda, Cymothoidae) from Australia, with description of two new species. Zootaxa, 3963 (3), 251 - 294. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3963.3.1" type="journal article" year="2015">
Martin
<emphasis id="5BF40E7AFF8BA452FF22FDB9FEB3FD7C" box="[242,297,614,640]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">et al.</emphasis>
2015a
</bibRefCitation>
). The genus
<taxonomicName id="AE80A9EBFF8BA452FDD1FDB8FDEEFD7C" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1793" box="[513,628,614,640]" class="Malacostraca" family="Cymothoidae" genus="Cymothoa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="5BF40E7AFF8BA452FDD1FDB8FDEEFD7C" box="[513,628,614,640]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Cymothoa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has not been reviewed for many years; although brief notes on the generic characteristics have been provided by several researchers (
<bibRefCitation id="0D11AF99FF8BA452FC96FD54FC42FD58" author="Brusca, R. C." box="[838,984,650,676]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="117 - 199" refId="ref71739" refString="Brusca, R. C. (1981) A monograph on the Isopoda Cymothoidae (Crustacea) of the eastern Pacific. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 73, 117 - 199. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1981. tb 01592. x" type="journal article" year="1981">Brusca 1981</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="0D11AF99FF8BA452FC34FD54FB74FD58" author="Brusca, R. C. &amp; Iverson, E. W." box="[996,1262,649,676]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="1 - 77" refId="ref71700" refString="Brusca, R. C. &amp; Iverson, E. W. (1985) A guide to the marine isopod Crustacea of Pacific Costa Rica. Revista de Biologia Tropical, 33, 1 - 77." type="journal article" year="1985">Brusca &amp; Iverson 1985</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="0D11AF99FF8BA452FB2AFD54FF4BFD34" author="Hadfield, K. A. &amp; Bruce, N. L. &amp; Smit, N. J." pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="57 - 68" refId="ref72836" refString="Hadfield, K. A., Bruce, N. L. &amp; Smit, N. J. (2011) Cymothoa hermani sp. nov. (Isopoda, Cymothoidae, Crustacea), a parasitic isopod, collected off the Zanzibar coast, Tanzania from the mouth of a parrotfish (Scaridae). Zootaxa, 2876 (1), 57 - 68. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 2876.1.6" type="journal article" year="2011">
Hadfield
<emphasis id="5BF40E7AFF8BA452FAB4FD55FA07FD58" box="[1380,1437,650,676]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">et al.</emphasis>
2011
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="0D11AF99FF8BA452FF0CFD70FEE5FD34" author="Hadfield, K. A." box="[220,383,686,712]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refId="ref72724" refString="Hadfield, K. A. (2012) The biodiversity and systematics of marine fish parasitic isopods of the family Cymothoidae from southern Africa. Faculty of Science, Philosophiae Doctor, University of Johannesberg, Johannesberg, 445 pp." type="book" year="2012">Hadfield 2012</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="0D11AF99FF8BA452FE59FD70FDFAFD34" author="Martin, M. B. &amp; Bruce, N. L. &amp; Nowak, B. F." box="[393,608,685,712]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="251 - 294" refId="ref75279" refString="Martin, M. B., Bruce, N. L. &amp; Nowak, B. F. (2015 a) Review of the fish-parasitic genus Ceratothoa Dana, 1852 (Crustacea, Isopoda, Cymothoidae) from Australia, with description of two new species. Zootaxa, 3963 (3), 251 - 294. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3963.3.1" type="journal article" year="2015">
Martin
<emphasis id="5BF40E7AFF8BA452FE0BFD71FD88FD34" box="[475,530,686,712]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">et al.</emphasis>
2015a
</bibRefCitation>
).
<bibRefCitation id="0D11AF99FF8BA452FDA1FD70FCA9FD34" author="Smit, N. J. &amp; Bruce, N. L. &amp; Hadfield, K. A." box="[625,819,686,712]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="188 - 197" refId="ref79874" refString="Smit, N. J., Bruce, N. L. &amp; Hadfield, K. A. (2014) Global diversity of fish parasitic isopod of the family Cymothoidae. International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife, 3, 188 - 197. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ijppaw. 2014.03.004" type="journal article" year="2014">
Smit
<emphasis id="5BF40E7AFF8BA452FD7CFD71FD79FD34" box="[684,739,686,712]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">et al.</emphasis>
(2014)
</bibRefCitation>
showed that the highest cymothoid diversity is found in the tropics and rapidly drops as latitude increases. This is relevant to
<taxonomicName id="AE80A9EBFF8BA452FC4CFD0CFB95FD10" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1793" box="[924,1039,722,748]" class="Malacostraca" family="Cymothoidae" genus="Cymothoa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="5BF40E7AFF8BA452FC4CFD0CFB95FD10" box="[924,1039,722,748]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Cymothoa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, where nine species are each found in the central Indo–Pacific and tropical Atlantic region and eight species in the western Indo–Pacific. Five species of
<taxonomicName id="AE80A9EBFF8BA452FF66FCC4FEB3FCC8" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1793" box="[182,297,794,820]" class="Malacostraca" family="Cymothoidae" genus="Cymothoa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="5BF40E7AFF8BA452FF66FCC4FEB3FCC8" box="[182,297,794,820]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Cymothoa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were known from Indian waters, and this number has not changed despite the current review for the genus, suggesting that perhaps different cymothoid genera have different levels of diversity or distribution.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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