317 lines
41 KiB
XML
317 lines
41 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="B1588C6BCD163F091529EDCE15496B6C">Distribution and taxonomy of the Italian clovers belonging to Trifolium sect. Vesicastrum subsect. Mystillus (Fabaceae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="7E6416E78C93DA9ADAF77C199987C248">Scoppola, Anna</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="B1CD6E0DCE2D418A8D5A2185E04BD535">Lattanzi, Edda</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="9D668366574A03265FF862B500AF3974">Bernardo, Liliana</mods:namePart>
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<mods:identifier id="25A76192F24E60607EEEE394071A018A" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/italianbotanist.2.10361</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="684A0A84F556A66DA31F8EC98946ED23" ID-GBIF-Taxon="156202393" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:684A0A84F556A66DA31F8EC98946ED23" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/684A0A84F556A66DA31F8EC98946ED23" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="2" pageNumber="9">
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<subSubSection id="58CFBD20780031385FFB96A96CABDE93" pageId="2" pageNumber="9" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="2DB2DD5CE91F70E01441A0DA4CFAB67F" pageId="2" pageNumber="9">
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<taxonomicName id="921C46F40081F0440D6527A52C654A86" ID-CoL="58PZ6" LSID="9521001C-4005-5F91-8123-0CE506FECCDB" authority="W. D. J. Koch, Syn. Fl. Germ. Helv., ed. 2. 190. 1843 [19 - 21 Jun 1843]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Trifolium" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Trifolium multistriatum" order="Fabales" pageId="2" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="multistriatum">Trifolium multistriatum W.D.J.Koch, Syn. Fl. Germ. Helv., ed. 2. 190. 1843 [19-21 Jun 1843]</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="1522F13D952A8811EFB7D077934E7482" pageId="2" pageNumber="9" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="47D48A382984FE090EC94E898461311A" pageId="2" pageNumber="9">Type</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="5BF00CC2D92234C8358F30036D4F964F" pageId="2" pageNumber="9">
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(holotype indicated by
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<bibRefCitation id="D2E58B84A1A53910D7D6ECCBCE5677AC" author="Scoppola, A" journalOrPublisher="Phytotaxa" pageId="15" pageNumber="22" pagination="275 - 281" refId="B50" refString="Scoppola, A, Lattanzi, E, 2016. Remarks on the type material and the identity of the name Trifoliummultistriatum W.D.J.Koch (T.vesiculosum-aggr., Fabaceae). Phytotaxa 277: 275 - 281" title="Remarks on the type material and the identity of the name Trifoliummultistriatum W. D. J. Koch (T. vesiculosum-aggr., Fabaceae)." volume="277" year="2016">Scoppola and Lattanzi 2016</bibRefCitation>
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: 276). S. Andrea bey Triest, August 1840,
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<emphasis id="4B2A047CF5D8A037EB5FFFBAC7698E92" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="9">Tommasini</emphasis>
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(L).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="DFEBC103A7ED2E25EBAEDA15B58BB834" pageId="2" pageNumber="9" type="description">
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<paragraph id="E894A7331A3B6A3598E523F29489AE62" pageId="2" pageNumber="9">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="9679583920ADBB32081C828A1AEECB1D" pageId="2" pageNumber="9">
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Heads large; fruiting calyx ovoid with thick, longitudinal nerves all along, closed-spaced, transverse veins slightly visible; corolla> than twice as long as the calyx tube, seeds ovoid, light brown and dark mottled (
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<figureCitation id="083696D46CACA43C6CF3A3F82BDEC2EE" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Flowering head of Trifolium multistriatum from Seminara (Reggio Calabria) (Photo by L. Bernardo, 1 June 2016)." figureDoi="10.3897/italianbotanist.2.10361.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/106588" pageId="2" pageNumber="9" tableDoi="10.3897/italianbotanist.2.10361.figure1">Figures 1</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="BC567B3DA4A86F8C29E7021689B142D4" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Comparison between mature calyces of Trifolium subsect. Mystillus species in Italy (bar = 1 mm). Left: Trifolium vesiculosum (A) and Trifolium spumosum (A '), middle Trifolium multistriatum transitional (B) and typical (B ') forms, right Trifolium mutabile s. str. (C) and Trifolium mutabile var. gussoneanum (C ')." figureDoi="10.3897/italianbotanist.2.10361.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/106589" pageId="2" pageNumber="9" tableDoi="10.3897/italianbotanist.2.10361.figure2">2B</figureCitation>
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and
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<figureCitation id="EE4280840E9F6648017EBFAEDCE0463E" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Trifolium multistriatum, transitional forms (bar = 1 mm). Fresh flowers (24 June 2016) and seeds (5 August 2016) from plants collected in Rionero in Vulture (Potenza); detailed calyces from a specimen collected in the Ofanto valley (Aquilonia, Avellino) (CLU)." figureDoi="10.3897/italianbotanist.2.10361.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/106590" pageId="2" pageNumber="9" tableDoi="10.3897/italianbotanist.2.10361.figure3">3</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="E6FAED6D1906D91F5E6F0018F2B428A6" pageId="2" pageNumber="9" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="E60A51829ACA4ADA32AF648C7B56E66D" pageId="2" pageNumber="9">Updated geographical distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="01193AEB00B7424C09351BEEE0CE76EB" pageId="2" pageNumber="9">Friuli Venezia-Giulia: 0A, Liguria: 0A, Campania: + (new), Basilicata: + (new), Calabria: + (new), Sicily: - (new).</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="1F0EC36E74863517A345AC652B694463" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="2" pageNumber="9" type="notes">
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<paragraph id="EA5251F6BA0936B82F0311052566519A" pageId="2" pageNumber="9">Notes.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="F9F5CB89369A5916A5028E403374BB87" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="2" pageNumber="9">
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The identity and autonomy of the name
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<taxonomicName id="C6E0407DF1DA988EE062D5187CFC40F6" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Trifolium" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Trifolium multistriatum" order="Fabales" pageId="2" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="multistriatum">
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<emphasis id="A4B48D55D0277ADE5FB721D064DD68CA" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="9">Trifolium multistriatum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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compared to the other species with whom it is closely related is discussed by
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<bibRefCitation id="95EF2F9493922F247F285BEB0EF5A067" author="Scoppola, A" journalOrPublisher="Phytotaxa" pageId="15" pageNumber="22" pagination="275 - 281" refId="B50" refString="Scoppola, A, Lattanzi, E, 2016. Remarks on the type material and the identity of the name Trifoliummultistriatum W.D.J.Koch (T.vesiculosum-aggr., Fabaceae). Phytotaxa 277: 275 - 281" title="Remarks on the type material and the identity of the name Trifoliummultistriatum W. D. J. Koch (T. vesiculosum-aggr., Fabaceae)." volume="277" year="2016">Scoppola and Lattanzi (2016)</bibRefCitation>
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. The original material (L!) was recorded in northern Italy during the second half of the nineteenth century and later disappeared. Its occurrence might be
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<pageBreakToken id="A501D504ECB479F0731B18B383F4A89A" pageId="3" pageNumber="10" start="start">due</pageBreakToken>
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to the transport of seeds by ship solid ballasts collected at the port of departure during the commercial activities of the Austrian Lloyd shipping company in the mid- to late-1800s (
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<bibRefCitation id="839A8B5CFAA1E917F1311AAAFEE4E359" author="Mack, RN" editor="Ruiz, GM" journalOrPublisher="Island Press, Washington" pageId="14" pageNumber="21" pagination="3 - 30" refId="B35" refString="Mack, RN, , 2004. Global plant dispersal, naturalization and invasion: pathways, modes and circumstances. In: Ruiz, GM, Carlton, JT, Eds., Invasive species: vectors and management strategies. Island Press, Washington: 3 - 30" title="Global plant dispersal, naturalization and invasion: pathways, modes and circumstances." volumeTitle="Invasive species: vectors and management strategies" year="2004">Mack 2004</bibRefCitation>
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). In BEOU, FI, PAD and TSM, there is evidence of the presence of the species at that time also in Dalmatia, Albania and Montenegro (
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<bibRefCitation id="5D94DD5833134BA254D58E20C2397DFA" author="Visiani, R de" journalOrPublisher="Friedrich Hofmeister, Leipzig" pageId="15" pageNumber="22" pagination="289 - 300" refId="B58" refString="Visiani, R de, 1852. Flora Dalmatica sive enumeratio stirpium vascularium quas hactenus in Dalmatia lectas et sibi observatas descripsit, digessit rariorumque iconibus illustravit. Friedrich Hofmeister, Leipzig: 289 - 300" title="Flora Dalmatica sive enumeratio stirpium vascularium quas hactenus in Dalmatia lectas et sibi observatas descripsit, digessit rariorumque iconibus illustravit" year="1852">Visiani 1852</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="8B4AB7137C8E33EEB11501DEAC7047BC" author="Nyman, CF" journalOrPublisher="Orebro Sueciae" pageId="14" pageNumber="21" publicationUrl="10.5962/bhl.title.10533" refId="B43" refString="Nyman, CF, 1878. Conspectus Florae Europaeae. Orebro Sueciae, 177 pp." title="Conspectus Florae Europaeae" url="10.5962/bhl.title.10533" year="1878">Nyman 1878</bibRefCitation>
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). Specimens at MPU were collected in 1831, 1851 and 1858 at
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<normalizedToken id="BE33A89E4806A447F134BC4252BF6E2F" originalValue="Port-Juvénal">Port-Juvenal</normalizedToken>
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,
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<normalizedToken id="9D315A6E72C6E1B7946FAF9B5C39DE81" originalValue="Hérault">Herault</normalizedToken>
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(southern France), where
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<taxonomicName id="3B7268DD8DCBF35B9155F3E9F2F49D0C" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Trifolium" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Trifolium multistriatum" order="Fabales" pageId="3" pageNumber="10" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="multistriatum">
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<emphasis id="3FD2253E53183AFAE6DB070937E0DAC1" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">Trifolium multistriatum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(under the name
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<taxonomicName id="F1A475A01247D44775736D43E3478B41" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Trifolium" infraspecific-rank="var." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Trifolium vesiculosum var. rumelicum" order="Fabales" pageId="3" pageNumber="10" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="vesiculosum" variety="rumelicum">Trifolium vesiculosum var. rumelicum</taxonomicName>
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Griseb.) is considered as a historical alien species (
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<bibRefCitation id="D4EFD7A93B6FC126C3F550CC4D38D837" author="Coulot, P" journalOrPublisher="Societe Botanique du Centre-Ouest, Jarnac" pageId="13" pageNumber="20" refId="B10" refString="Coulot, P, Rabaute, P, 2013. Monographie des Leguminosae de France. Tome 3. Tribu des Trifolieae. Societe Botanique du Centre-Ouest, Jarnac" title="Monographie des Leguminosae de France. Tome 3. Tribu des Trifolieae." year="2013">Coulot and Rabaute 2013</bibRefCitation>
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) as in Austria and Switzerland (
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<bibRefCitation id="8CCBC1FAAC0B2351A4A5E7B4099B02A1" author="Gams, H" editor="Hegi, G" journalOrPublisher="Illustrierte Flora von Mittel-Europa" pageId="13" pageNumber="20" refId="B19" refString="Gams, H, Hegi, G, 1923. Genus Trifolium. Illustrierte Flora von Mittel-Europa 4, 1280 pp." title="Genus Trifolium." volume="4" year="1923">Gams 1923</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="B91272695A73658B7958522B00F6C821" author="Zohary, M" journalOrPublisher="The Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities, Jerusalem" pageId="15" pageNumber="22" refId="B62" refString="Zohary, M, Heller, D, 1984. The Genus Trifolium. The Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities, Jerusalem" title="The Genus Trifolium." year="1984">Zohary and Heller 1984</bibRefCitation>
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). Even
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<bibRefCitation id="2ACCB0C807C037D36138DCB919F80081" author="Fiori, A" journalOrPublisher="Nuova Flora Analitica d'Italia" pageId="13" pageNumber="20" pagination="859 - 860" refId="B17" refString="Fiori, A, 1925. . Nuova Flora Analitica d'Italia 1: 859 - 860" volume="1" year="1925">Fiori (1925)</bibRefCitation>
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lists the species for Liguria as sub
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<taxonomicName id="99796ED0617ADE5741DDA391D3F2F421" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Trifolium" infraspecific-rank="var." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Trifolium vesiculosum var. multistriatum" order="Fabales" pageId="3" pageNumber="10" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="vesiculosum" variety="multistriatum">Trifolium vesiculosum var. multistriatum</taxonomicName>
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W.D.J.Koch, writing:
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<normalizedToken id="8538008802BFE375D3A96C65940D2CED" originalValue="“È">"E</normalizedToken>
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stato osservato avvent.
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<normalizedToken id="A5180E5DC14C8C2BB810D31C6817CB3E" originalValue="…">...</normalizedToken>
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in Lig. ma a quanto pare vi
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<normalizedToken id="49199E1064D3EBC151CA4976F9833229" originalValue="è">e</normalizedToken>
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scomparso". According to the above, the report appears plausible.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="63FD88AAEA65B9BAE3D0B380FFC66017" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">
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The delimitation, status and distribution of
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<taxonomicName id="830687325547CD0013DC88BEC0550102" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Trifolium" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Trifolium multistriatum" order="Fabales" pageId="3" pageNumber="10" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="multistriatum">
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<emphasis id="1BEF93301D2149661BAC9066EB0641C1" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">Trifolium multistriatum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, with respect to
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<taxonomicName id="AEB52B18D30073CE34DF5D12C370177E" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Trifolium" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Trifolium setiferum" order="Fabales" pageId="3" pageNumber="10" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="setiferum">
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<emphasis id="FBB6E056EA9D07239E053E3935620E01" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">Trifolium setiferum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and to
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<taxonomicName id="A66459A3A4B9BBE804B92EB4359D2A96" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Trifolium" infraspecific-rank="var." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Trifolium vesiculosum var. rumelicum" order="Fabales" pageId="3" pageNumber="10" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="vesiculosum" variety="rumelicum">Trifolium vesiculosum var. rumelicum</taxonomicName>
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, is still under debate (see also
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<bibRefCitation id="47FF9939421E782436EF3470572A1175" author="Greuter, W" journalOrPublisher="Conservatoire et Jardin Botaniques, Geneve" pageId="13" pageNumber="20" refId="B25" refString="Greuter, W, Burdet, HM, Long, G, 1989. Med-Checklist 4. Conservatoire et Jardin Botaniques, Geneve" title="Med-Checklist 4." year="1989">Greuter et al. 1989</bibRefCitation>
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||
,
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<bibRefCitation id="FF293D714F0699B6DD24BB1F0D657F5F" author="Ellison, NW" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution" pageId="13" pageNumber="20" publicationUrl="http://ww2.bgbm.org/EuroPlusMed/" refId="B15" refString="2006 onwards. Euro+Med PlantBase-the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity.http://ww2.bgbm.org/EuroPlusMed/" title="Euro + Med PlantBase-the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity" url="http://ww2.bgbm.org/EuroPlusMed/" year="2006 onwards">Euro+Med 2006</bibRefCitation>
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,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A9F1CCBDC795C6E567718F237913B48" author="Scoppola, A" editor="Peruzzi, L" journalOrPublisher="Bollettino della Societa dei Naturalisti in Napoli" pageId="15" pageNumber="22" publicationUrl="10.11646/phytotaxa.277.3.5" refId="B49" refString="Scoppola, A, Lattanzi, E, Peruzzi, L, Domina, G, 2015. Gruppo per la Floristica, Sistematica ed Evoluzione della Societa Botanica Italiana, Palermo.10.11646/phytotaxa.277.3.5" title="Gruppo per la Floristica, Sistematica ed Evoluzione della Societa Botanica Italiana, Palermo" url="10.11646/phytotaxa.277.3.5" year="2015">Scoppola and Lattanzi 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A8CB4740D68559F8F0EFF0D0D5304D71" author="Scoppola, A" journalOrPublisher="Phytotaxa" pageId="15" pageNumber="22" pagination="275 - 281" refId="B50" refString="Scoppola, A, Lattanzi, E, 2016. Remarks on the type material and the identity of the name Trifoliummultistriatum W.D.J.Koch (T.vesiculosum-aggr., Fabaceae). Phytotaxa 277: 275 - 281" title="Remarks on the type material and the identity of the name Trifoliummultistriatum W. D. J. Koch (T. vesiculosum-aggr., Fabaceae)." volume="277" year="2016">2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Here we confirm the
|
||
<pageBreakToken id="EFD5290C5B3831C42EFF80A499CD8769" pageId="4" pageNumber="11" start="start">historical</pageBreakToken>
|
||
populations of Basilicata and Calabria (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B91F8B694E2D7914D6EB011D391588B2" author="Fiori, A" journalOrPublisher="Nuova Flora Analitica d'Italia" pageId="13" pageNumber="20" pagination="859 - 860" refId="B17" refString="Fiori, A, 1925. . Nuova Flora Analitica d'Italia 1: 859 - 860" volume="1" year="1925">Fiori 1925</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E7DA787C246A0D80EBC59B0C21BF8063" author="Gavioli, O" journalOrPublisher="Nuovo Giornale Botanico Italiano (nuova serie)" pageId="13" pageNumber="20" pagination="134 - 135" refId="B20" refString="Gavioli, O, 1948. Synopsis Florae Lucanae. Nuovo Giornale Botanico Italiano (nuova serie) 54: 134 - 135" title="Synopsis Florae Lucanae." volume="54" year="1948">Gavioli 1948</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and add a new locality in Campania. The presence in Campania at the foothills of the Vesuvius (RO!) was not confirmed either by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="37A83779A5914EEC1CFCC7890448D0B5" author="Ricciardi, M" journalOrPublisher="Bollettino della Societa dei Naturalisti in Napoli" pageId="14" pageNumber="21" pagination="3 - 121" refId="B48" refString="Ricciardi, M, Aprile, GG, La Valva, V, Caputo, G, 1986. La Flora del Somma-Vesuvio. Bollettino della Societa dei Naturalisti in Napoli 96: 3 - 121" title="La Flora del Somma-Vesuvio." volume="96" year="1986">Ricciardi et al. (1986)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
nor by our own research. However, the discovery in 2015 of a native population of the species in the Ofanto valley (Aquilonia, Avellino) has confirmed its occurrence in Campania.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="005BD5F89F6A05F679802FBDC286F98D" author="Gavioli, O" journalOrPublisher="Nuovo Giornale Botanico Italiano (nuova serie)" pageId="13" pageNumber="20" pagination="134 - 135" refId="B20" refString="Gavioli, O, 1948. Synopsis Florae Lucanae. Nuovo Giornale Botanico Italiano (nuova serie) 54: 134 - 135" title="Synopsis Florae Lucanae." volume="54" year="1948">Gavioli (1948)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
collected the species in Basilicata in 1939 in the historical locality of Mt. Vulture, already known to Fiori (FI!). We also found it around the lakes of Monticchio and at San Michele (Rionero in Vulture), even at the edges of resting fields. We cannot exclude the presence of transitional forms towards
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9BBDF382C8BDFBD3737B6169A5076EF3" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Trifolium" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Trifolium vesiculosum" order="Fabales" pageId="4" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vesiculosum">
|
||
<emphasis id="7B14697E7AD066FBD1D7DB7D657FF87D" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="11">Trifolium vesiculosum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, already assumed by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A5A6B2B4C9640D528A6FE43859454B60" author="Gibelli, G" journalOrPublisher="Memorie della Reale accademia delle scienze di Torino (serie 2)" pageId="13" pageNumber="20" pagination="179 - 222" refId="B23" refString="Gibelli, G, Belli, S, 1892. Rivista critica delle specie di Trifolium italiane comparate con quelle del resto d'Europa e delle regioni circummediterranee della sezione Trigantheum Nobis (Mistyllus Presl. p.p.). Memorie della Reale accademia delle scienze di Torino (serie 2) 42: 179 - 222" title="Rivista critica delle specie di Trifolium italiane comparate con quelle del resto d'Europa e delle regioni circummediterranee della sezione Trigantheum Nobis (Mistyllus Presl. p. p.)." volume="42" year="1892">Gibelli and Belli (1892)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
in this area (
|
||
<figureCitation id="86B0D058CDD29CB578EE030DE6B645CB" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Trifolium multistriatum, transitional forms (bar = 1 mm). Fresh flowers (24 June 2016) and seeds (5 August 2016) from plants collected in Rionero in Vulture (Potenza); detailed calyces from a specimen collected in the Ofanto valley (Aquilonia, Avellino) (CLU)." figureDoi="10.3897/italianbotanist.2.10361.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/106590" pageId="4" pageNumber="11" tableDoi="10.3897/italianbotanist.2.10361.figure3">Figure 3</figureCitation>
|
||
). We also confirm the Calabrian historical localities where the species is locally abundant; some populations, still under study, show longitudinal calyx nerves that are more prominent and often in greater number and a less swollen calyx (
|
||
<figureCitation id="5CBBB8F8095AA9740A4030964DF75743" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Comparison between mature calyces of Trifolium subsect. Mystillus species in Italy (bar = 1 mm). Left: Trifolium vesiculosum (A) and Trifolium spumosum (A '), middle Trifolium multistriatum transitional (B) and typical (B ') forms, right Trifolium mutabile s. str. (C) and Trifolium mutabile var. gussoneanum (C ')." figureDoi="10.3897/italianbotanist.2.10361.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/106589" pageId="4" pageNumber="11" tableDoi="10.3897/italianbotanist.2.10361.figure2">Figure 2B</figureCitation>
|
||
'), which are not typical for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="58C521A86A971F4E96DABAA1C058A1EB" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Trifolium" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Trifolium multistriatum" order="Fabales" pageId="4" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="multistriatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="1327E2FFAFBE4964F5CB4BB94F531575" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="11">Trifolium multistriatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1A36014313D3ED71CC9DD28A6CE7D28A" author="Boissier, E" journalOrPublisher="H. Georg, Basilea" pageId="12" pageNumber="19" pagination="110 - 156" publicationUrl="10.5962/bhl.title.20323" refId="B2" refString="Boissier, E, 1872. Flora Orientalis. H. Georg, Basilea: 110 - 156" title="Flora Orientalis" url="10.5962/bhl.title.20323" year="1872">Boissier 1872</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="26346365626DB5307BAEE9AA0DDFE4E2" author="Gibelli, G" journalOrPublisher="Memorie della Reale accademia delle scienze di Torino (serie 2)" pageId="13" pageNumber="20" pagination="179 - 222" refId="B23" refString="Gibelli, G, Belli, S, 1892. Rivista critica delle specie di Trifolium italiane comparate con quelle del resto d'Europa e delle regioni circummediterranee della sezione Trigantheum Nobis (Mistyllus Presl. p.p.). Memorie della Reale accademia delle scienze di Torino (serie 2) 42: 179 - 222" title="Rivista critica delle specie di Trifolium italiane comparate con quelle del resto d'Europa e delle regioni circummediterranee della sezione Trigantheum Nobis (Mistyllus Presl. p. p.)." volume="42" year="1892">Gibelli and Belli 1892</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="43636D0A67CBCE848B54A909A928FE20" author="Hossain, M" journalOrPublisher="Notes from the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh" pageId="14" pageNumber="21" pagination="387 - 481" refId="B29" refString="Hossain, M, 1961. A revision of Trifolium in the Nearer East. Notes from the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh 23: 387 - 481" title="A revision of Trifolium in the Nearer East." volume="23" year="1961">Hossain 1961</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F6BC17773CDFA03828A30672C4844C68" author="Zohary, M" journalOrPublisher="The Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities, Jerusalem" pageId="15" pageNumber="22" refId="B62" refString="Zohary, M, Heller, D, 1984. The Genus Trifolium. The Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities, Jerusalem" title="The Genus Trifolium." year="1984">Zohary and Heller 1984</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). We also found transitional forms towards
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F639343A3CA9AE3198F1AA60BE6C9420" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Trifolium" infraspecific-rank="var." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Trifolium mutabile var. gussoneanum" order="Fabales" pageId="4" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="mutabile" variety="gussoneanum">Trifolium mutabile var. gussoneanum</taxonomicName>
|
||
Gibelli & Belli, a variety already known for Sicily (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5AF8A768D069C4021115CBA5D107D8C8" author="Giardina, G" journalOrPublisher="Bocconea" pageId="13" pageNumber="20" pagination="181 - 182" refId="B22" refString="Giardina, G, Raimondo, F, Spadaro, V, 2007. A catalogue of plants growing in Sicily. Bocconea 20: 181 - 182" title="A catalogue of plants growing in Sicily." volume="20" year="2007">Giardina et al. 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="349D6F65DBAAACBBE09545D5A2EF1498" author="La Rosa, A" journalOrPublisher="Universita degli Studi di Palermo" pageId="14" pageNumber="21" refId="B30" refString="La Rosa, A, 2011. Indagini tassonomiche, ecologiche e distributive sul genere Trifolium L. in Sicilia. Universita degli Studi di Palermo" title="Indagini tassonomiche, ecologiche e distributive sul genere Trifolium L. in Sicilia" year="2011">La Rosa 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and confirmed by our study in Calabria, that deserves further investigation.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="57AD4439EA0C6CBA042A49C8FF2D1664" pageId="4" pageNumber="11">
|
||
The sole report of this species from Sicily (provisionally treated as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B536CBFA85159BDA658D74DC5D82777A" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Trifolium" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Trifolium setiferum" order="Fabales" pageId="4" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="setiferum">
|
||
<emphasis id="433F64F19D77F6577CE4F4F5A1C15DF5" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="11">Trifolium setiferum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2AD9498774187A59625461BE30DC0CF9" author="Greuter, W" journalOrPublisher="Conservatoire et Jardin Botaniques, Geneve" pageId="13" pageNumber="20" refId="B25" refString="Greuter, W, Burdet, HM, Long, G, 1989. Med-Checklist 4. Conservatoire et Jardin Botaniques, Geneve" title="Med-Checklist 4." year="1989">Greuter et al. 1989</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E62F93F84E12C30FEF4CE230AD27B7BE" author="Conti, F" journalOrPublisher="Palombi Editori, Roma" pageId="13" pageNumber="20" refId="B8" refString="Conti, F, Abbate, G, Alessandrini, A, Blasi, C, 2005. An annotated checklist of the Italian vascular flora. Palombi Editori, Roma" title="An annotated checklist of the Italian vascular flora." year="2005">Conti et al. 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="22441BD25C1B13B1A15F8B941B2B21F8" author="Giardina, G" journalOrPublisher="Bocconea" pageId="13" pageNumber="20" pagination="181 - 182" refId="B22" refString="Giardina, G, Raimondo, F, Spadaro, V, 2007. A catalogue of plants growing in Sicily. Bocconea 20: 181 - 182" title="A catalogue of plants growing in Sicily." volume="20" year="2007">Giardina et al. 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) is based on an old record "Castellammare, Todaro (sine indicatione nominis ac loci typici)
|
||
<normalizedToken id="5C4A632A7A900A6CA751C86D152CAE20" originalValue="….”">...."</normalizedToken>
|
||
in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="262ACAB06774442A7DA6CE19DB1658FC" author="Lojacono Pojero, M" journalOrPublisher="Palermo" pageId="14" pageNumber="21" refId="B32" refString="Lojacono Pojero, M, 1909. Flora Sicula. Palermo, 437 pp." title="Flora Sicula" year="1909">Lojacono (1909)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="673F89716CC2A3B5E40C72C1B9BEE620" author="Giardina, G" journalOrPublisher="Bocconea" pageId="13" pageNumber="20" pagination="181 - 182" refId="B22" refString="Giardina, G, Raimondo, F, Spadaro, V, 2007. A catalogue of plants growing in Sicily. Bocconea 20: 181 - 182" title="A catalogue of plants growing in Sicily." volume="20" year="2007">Giardina et al. 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
do not confirm its autonomy; in addition,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="CA72A9389007C0A28F166A4BC998FA6C" originalValue="Todaro’s">Todaro's</normalizedToken>
|
||
alleged sample, who reports the location Castellana, and not Castellammare (PAL!), is undoubtedly to be referred to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7919C9460EC529FBC4A0C0E1555BA9F0" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Trifolium" infraspecific-rank="var." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Trifolium mutabile var. gussoneanum" order="Fabales" pageId="4" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="mutabile" variety="gussoneanum">Trifolium mutabile var. gussoneanum</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In the absence of clear references and specimens, we prefer not to confirm the presence of this species in Sicily.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="782986DB4BFD24DCD48DE222248D1F75" pageId="5" pageNumber="12" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="00E54D323098FFE3D62385E064A27D17" pageId="5" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<pageBreakToken id="C2B6DE156B0425522320E566179BFECF" pageId="5" pageNumber="12" start="start">Collected</pageBreakToken>
|
||
specimens.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8331D46149EE20733BDB0F15B76126BC" pageId="5" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<emphasis id="72423F8FB0EAFA68333B9864FC3433E1" bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="12">Italy. Campania</emphasis>
|
||
: Aquilonia, nei pressi del Fiume Ofanto,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="5E60748E526DFB7A63C9562E544CDF8C" degrees="40.963606" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="40.963608">40.963606°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
.
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="CC88EBD9C820EF514BDD55410621A4CC" degrees="15.557549" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="15.557549">15.557549°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 339 m, 22 June 2016,
|
||
<emphasis id="485F3A029F511B3E0D0F75A89705CC5A" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="12">A. Scoppola</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="1C712D5FCEC5D1C03B6562F919EA18B0" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="12">E. Lattanzi</emphasis>
|
||
(UTV);
|
||
<emphasis id="81292EBA1B9A465C5C1DB1CAA6A4D889" bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="12">Basilicata</emphasis>
|
||
: Rionero in Vulture, Laghi di Monticchio presso le rovine,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="2C447C36CA47C01F4BC0F965559AD53E" degrees="40.933504" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="40.933502">40.933504°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="FE1296EF0418C49526629FF20626F460" degrees="15.610037" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="15.610037">15.610037°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 670 m, 4 June 2016,
|
||
<emphasis id="8D12AFF6343D4629D521B565BD678A94" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="12">M. Pellegrino</emphasis>
|
||
(UTV);
|
||
<emphasis id="65554D11400EBFA07154465B2B7A4E11" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="12">ibidem</emphasis>
|
||
, nei pressi
|
||
<normalizedToken id="CDA85DE55BD6168EE2385943E9DC7D09" originalValue="dell’Abbazia">dell'Abbazia</normalizedToken>
|
||
di S. Michele,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="CEFD433FF6026B83E33B0ECEF2C76229" degrees="40.936284" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="40.936283">40.936284°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="74B8F0B5C3D67782225539BD48C87F4E" degrees="15.615824" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="15.615824">15.615824°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 740 m, 21 June 2016,
|
||
<emphasis id="3195E9673E7ED7B935E791457490DA5A" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="12">A. Scoppola</emphasis>
|
||
(UTV);
|
||
<emphasis id="500A2BF8214E26EF133651CD8E5108F9" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="12">ibidem</emphasis>
|
||
, lungo la SS167 al km 12,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="CCD2D4BD2343C520C1E2456F1942B684" degrees="40.937079" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="40.93708">40.937079°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EBFE086327B1207062749D389E7D8FAC" degrees="15.593855" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="15.593855">15.593855°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 708 m, 21 June 2016,
|
||
<emphasis id="E68AE800ECD1BF261CC034F1014DE4EB" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="12">A. Scoppola</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="54966254E9521BD60AB0CDC0240B5F1A" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="12">E. Lattanzi</emphasis>
|
||
(UTV).
|
||
<emphasis id="1225712792FD6EDD6F57C994F05AF84F" bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="12">Calabria</emphasis>
|
||
: Zagarise, SP Cuccuma-Mortilla nei pressi del ponte sul Torrente Ucria,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EA67DB4BE860EF1896BA3082D21D31FD" degrees="38.961982" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="38.961983">38.961982°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="BA2310DC3DE6B3D1CBDD2CF33129FA1B" degrees="16.709727" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="16.709726">16.709727°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 24 June 2015,
|
||
<emphasis id="9529B2AF46F3F1E44726937A85C9E9C6" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="12">L. Bernardo</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="3016041144AEE892767093B76A81FCBF" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="12">P. Rizzo</emphasis>
|
||
(CLU); Tarsia, prov. Cosenza, poco oltre la diga, sulla strada che sale per Quercia tonda e Masseria Conte Giannone,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="B4B3FC9A13FDB0593766CA40CAE50923" degrees="39.618701" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="39.618702">39.618701°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="CC97B2BE0CA92ADB57C4FCC0F77BF1B0" degrees="16.314887" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="16.314886">16.314887°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 100 m, 9 June 2016,
|
||
<emphasis id="24C0DE4C26385218985ACC69A79C4F2C" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="12">L. Bernardo</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="17D0FFE87AE8CC7DD67B357E8D9381B2" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="12">G. Maiorca</emphasis>
|
||
(CLU); Fiumefreddo Bruzio, prov. Cosenza, lungo la SP 45 nei pressi di Contrada Santa Serra,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="8FFCC1F671A81BC9D45C23A7537FE7CE" degrees="39.229793" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="39.229794">39.229793°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="69762B67B144492FCA3207FEDD4418E3" degrees="16.072064" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="16.072063">16.072064°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 350 m, 20 June 2016,
|
||
<emphasis id="D79C59AA87393B31360184E3060983C8" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="12">A. Scoppola, L. Bernardo</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="F707F8B7D0C5C35C21053CF2EA933ADF" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="12">E. Lattanzi</emphasis>
|
||
(CLU, UTV);
|
||
<emphasis id="C1C7D2F4F8EDDAF6C0EE40DC47A27344" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="12">ibidem</emphasis>
|
||
, lungo la SP 45, fra le contrade Santa Serra e San Biase,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="CBD38DD3E36E1471D224C1495102108C" degrees="39.227341" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="39.22734">39.227341°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="3601B90114327F884DBB54E320D44F72" degrees="16.076843" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="16.076843">16.076843°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 410 m, 20 June 2016,
|
||
<emphasis id="9614318EC011678F4F9B592EEBCEFF4F" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="12">A. Scoppola, L. Bernardo</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B5C9A2B576C1ACDDBE5BCE114A386DFD" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="12">E. Lattanzi</emphasis>
|
||
(CLU, UTV); San Giovanni in Fiore, prov. Cosenza, Contrada Pietramela, lungo la SS108 per Savelli,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="3C091E53507B2EA6C78D2511A58C790A" degrees="39.273356" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="39.273357">39.273356°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="021AD38EB2346B5F743884C46552BD52" degrees="16.720064" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="16.720064">16.720064°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 958 m, 21 June 2016,
|
||
<emphasis id="D4960FBEC477981D7528CF601FAF7457" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="12">A. Scoppola, L. Bernardo</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="5E3BDB7F088B7A6BEAF68260D8A5EC31" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="12">E. Lattanzi</emphasis>
|
||
(CLU, UTV);
|
||
<emphasis id="82AD35E7FD4FFB4E8884B568CA223F9E" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="12">ibidem</emphasis>
|
||
, Contrada Appendicane, lungo la SS108 per Savelli,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="D6AD1CD8E8B06E3320EB05118D23637D" degrees="39.292576" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="39.292576">39.292576°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="D8BBB2EDFA71739B1C855160FA179A94" degrees="16.744233" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="16.744232">16.744233°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 803 m, 20 June 2016,
|
||
<emphasis id="6DF3EB8700D7B3C8C0E3D2F8B2A87884" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="12">A. Scoppola, L. Bernardo</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="274DA83B45D8F89B1FD61A954D333DF8" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="12">E. Lattanzi</emphasis>
|
||
(CLU, UTV); Varco San Mauro, prov. Cosenza, lungo la SS279, Rose,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="D7053A853D3E6183E84EAF4A6F89F50D" degrees="39.419186" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="39.419186">39.419186°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="D573A1EAC18C0238BD37772DD7063451" degrees="16.378297" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="16.378298">16.378297°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 1221 m, 21 June 2016,
|
||
<emphasis id="2F15162B56D7E2407208AF1741F6170B" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="12">A. Scoppola, L. Bernardo</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="2B0C03B15EBAC2734CB58E22426FF3FB" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="12">E. Lattanzi</emphasis>
|
||
(CLU, UTV); Seminara, prov. Reggio Calabria, lungo il sentiero Tracciolino poco
|
||
<normalizedToken id="F85BD82E1C1B1F09DD323719AFB5CC40" originalValue="più">piu</normalizedToken>
|
||
in basso dei Piani della Corona,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="E58859CDAE3F19CC32BE1A77A71A493E" degrees="38.323697" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="38.323696">38.323697°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="3EE19E4249BDDAEF94578C9ECDEAAE94" degrees="15.837171" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="15.837171">15.837171°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 450 m, 1 June 2016,
|
||
<emphasis id="AD25CFC111FFC90417236F6656269782" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="12">L. Bernardo</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="24378C88D08ACA7E18EDF3FB09A09C2F" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="12">G. Maiorca</emphasis>
|
||
(CLU).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |