treatments-xml/data/03/86/87/0386878AFFC4DC58FE9569D2F7BE347C.xml

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<mods:title id="43D885E646DA8BABCBCB0B31E2FCFAAC">Scorpions of the Horn of Africa (Arachnida: Scorpiones). Part VII. Parabuthus Pocock, 1890 (Buthidae) with description of P. hamar sp. n. and P. kajibu sp. n. from Ethiopia</mods:title>
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<paragraph id="8B90369CFFC4DC5AFE9569D2F6E235CA" blockId="20.[272,721,1756,1809]" box="[285,708,1756,1779]" pageId="20" pageNumber="19">
<heading id="D0D881F0FFC4DC5AFE9569D2F6E235CA" box="[285,708,1756,1779]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="20" pageNumber="19" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D1FFFC4DC5AFE9569D2F6E235CA" ID-CoL="4CN4Z" authority="Kovarik, 2003" authorityName="Kovarik" authorityYear="2003" box="[285,708,1756,1779]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Parabuthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="20" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eritreaensis">
<emphasis id="B95BEA8EFFC4DC5AFE9569D2F60235CA" bold="true" box="[285,548,1756,1779]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="19">Parabuthus eritreaensis</emphasis>
Kovařík, 2003
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C3356517FFC4DC5AFE9869F4F6F73428" box="[272,721,1786,1809]" pageId="20" pageNumber="19" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B90369CFFC4DC5AFE9869F4F6F73428" blockId="20.[272,721,1756,1809]" box="[272,721,1786,1809]" pageId="20" pageNumber="19">
(
<figureCitation id="13142A19FFC4DC5AFE9F69F4F5BF3428" box="[279,409,1786,1809]" captionStart="Figures 40–41" captionStartId="16.[192,278,1518,1541]" captionTargetBox="[205,1429,204,1484]" captionTargetId="figure-14@16.[192,1441,198,1488]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figures 40–41: Parabuthus eritreaensis, male from Somalia, Gardo, Migiurtina in dorsal (40) and ventral (41) views." pageId="20" pageNumber="19">Figs. 40–41</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13142A19FFC4DC5AFE2C69F4F5E73428" box="[420,449,1786,1809]" captionStart="Figures 71–89" captionStartId="26.[192,278,1661,1684]" captionTargetBox="[204,1433,246,1645]" captionTargetId="figure-14@26.[192,1439,233,1656]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Figures 71–89: Figures 71–83. Parabuthus hamar sp. n., pedipalp segments. Figures 71–72, 83. Female paratype from locality 16EH, chela dorsal (71) and external (72). Patella dorsal (83). Figures 73–82. Male paratype from locality 16EC, chela dorsal (73), external (74), and ventral (75). Patella dorsal (76), external (77) and ventral (78). Femur internal (79) and femur and trochanter dorsal (80). Movable finger (81) and fixed finger (82) dentition. Trichobothrial pattern is indicated in Figures 74–77 and 79–80. Figures 84–85. P. kajibu sp. n., male holotype, movable finger (84) and fixed finger (85) dentition. Figure 86. P. maximus, male from Kenya, Voi, movable finger dentition. Figure 87. P. pallidus, male from locality 16EA, movable finger dentition. Figure 88. P. cimrmani, female paratype, movable finger dentition. Figure 89. P. eritreaensis, male from Somalia, Gardo, Migiurtina, movable finger dentition." pageId="20" pageNumber="19">89</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13142A19FFC4DC5AFE4369F4F60A3428" box="[459,556,1786,1809]" captionStart="Figures 164–182" captionStartId="50.[192,278,1614,1637]" captionTargetBox="[200,1421,197,1572]" captionTargetId="figure-37@50.[192,1439,192,1585]" captionTargetPageId="50" captionText="Figures 164–182: Figures 164–179. Comparison of male pedipalp chelae of Parabuthus spp., dorsal and external views. Figures 164–165. Parabuthus liosoma from Yemen Arab Republic, Al Hudaydah gov., 10 km W Al Manşuriah, 14°43'N 43°12'E, 110 m a.s.l. Figures 166–167. P. abyssinicus from Eritrea, locality 15EG. Figures 168–169. P. hamar sp. n. paratype from Ethiopia, locality 16EC. Figures 170–171. P. granimanus from Somaliland, locality 11SE. Figures 172–173. P. cimrmani holotype. Figures 174–175. P. eritreaensis from Somalia, Gardo, Migiurtina. Figures 176–177. P. heterurus from Somaliland, locality 11SQ. Figures 178–179. P. kajibu sp. n. holotype. Figures 180–182. Comparisons of male pedipalp patellae of Parabuthus spp., dorsal views. Figure 180. P. liosoma from Yemen Arab Republic, Al Hudaydah gov., 10 km W Al Manşuriah, 14°43'N 43°12'E, 110 m a.s.l. Figure 181. P. abyssinicus from Eritrea, locality 15EG. Figure 182. P. maximus from Tanzania, Arusha." pageId="20" pageNumber="19">174–175</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13142A19FFC4DC5AFDBE69F4F6463428" box="[566,608,1786,1809]" captionStart="Figures 183–192" captionStartId="52.[192,278,1762,1785]" captionTargetBox="[201,1434,181,1732]" captionTargetId="figure-47@52.[192,1439,168,1732]" captionTargetPageId="52" captionText="Figures 183–192: Comparison of male metasomal segments I–III of Parabuthus spp., dorsal views. Figure 183. Parabuthus liosoma from Yemen Arab Republic, Al Hudaydah gov., 10 km W Al Manşuriah, 14°43'N 43°12'E, 110 m a.s.l. Figure 184. P. maximus from Kenya, Voi. Figure 185. P. abyssinicus from Ethiopia, locality 11EA. Figure 186. P. granimanus from Somaliland, locality 11SE. Figure 187. P. hamar sp. n. holotype. Figure 188. P. cimrmani holotype. Figure 189. P. eritreaensis from Somalia, Gardo, Migiurtina. Figure 190. P. heterurus from Somaliland, locality 11SQ. Figure 191. P. kajibu sp. n. holotype. Figure 192. P. pallidus from Ethiopia, locality 16EA." pageId="20" pageNumber="19">189</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13142A19FFC4DC5AFDE369F4F6B33428" box="[619,661,1786,1809]" captionStart="Figures 198–201" captionStartId="54.[192,278,1518,1541]" captionTargetBox="[195,1423,207,1481]" captionTargetId="figure-14@54.[192,1437,193,1488]" captionTargetPageId="54" captionText="Figures 198–201: Comparison of male metasomal segments III–V and telson of Parabuthus spp., lateral views. Figure 198. P. eritreaensis from Somalia, Gardo, Migiurtina. Figure 199. P. heterurus from Somaliland, locality 11SQ. Figure 200. P. kajibu sp. n. holotype. Figure 201. P. pallidus from Ethiopia, locality 16EA." pageId="20" pageNumber="19">198</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13142A19FFC4DC5AFD2969F4F6ED3428" box="[673,715,1786,1809]" captionStart="Figure 204" captionStartId="56.[192,268,1220,1243]" captionTargetBox="[196,1436,197,1186]" captionTargetId="figure-99@56.[192,1439,192,1190]" captionTargetPageId="56" captionText="Figure 204: Map showing confirmed distribution of Parabuthus spp. in Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Somaliland and P. eritreaensis in Somalia (Puntland). Most points indicate sites sampled during 2011–2016 expeditions. We have not included in the map locality data for old specimens mainly from Somalia deposited in Italian museums which include large collections from this region (Kovařík &amp; Whitman, 2005: 110–112), because these specimens are often mislabeled. Without corroboration from recently collected specimens, it is problematic to verify which of the locality labels are correct." pageId="20" pageNumber="19">204</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3356517FFC4DC5AFF486825F66B3446" pageId="20" pageNumber="19" type="reference_group">
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<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D1FFFC4DC5AFF486825F6C5347B" ID-CoL="4CN4Z" authority="Kovarik, 2003: 142 - 143" authorityName="Kovarik" authorityPageNumber="142 - 143" authorityYear="2003" box="[192,739,1835,1858]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Parabuthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="20" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eritreaensis">
<emphasis id="B95BEA8EFFC4DC5AFF486825F5E0347B" box="[192,454,1835,1858]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="19">Parabuthus eritreaensis</emphasis>
Kovařík, 2003: 142–143
</taxonomicName>
, 159, figs. 10–11, table 2; Kovařík, 2004: 18–19, fig. 6; Kovařík &amp; Whitman, 2005: 110.
</paragraph>
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. 
<collectingCountry id="F338760CFFC4DC5AFB7D6FC9F16733E7" box="[1269,1345,199,222]" name="Eritrea" pageId="20" pageNumber="19">Eritrea</collectingCountry>
, 
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env. (see comment below)
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; 
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.
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<materialsCitation id="3B473CC1FFC4DC5AFCB66E2BF1BA3263" collectionCode="TYPE, MATERIAL, EXAMINED" collectorName="Dorsak" country="Eritrea" location="Asmara" pageId="20" pageNumber="19" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-male="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<collectionCode id="ED3EAE59FFC4DC5AFCB66E2BF04D3202" box="[830,1131,293,316]" pageId="20" pageNumber="19">TYPE MATERIAL EXAMINED</collectionCode>
. 
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<collectingCountry id="F338760CFFC4DC5AFBF56E2BF0F63205" box="[1149,1232,293,316]" name="Eritrea" pageId="20" pageNumber="19">Eritrea</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
, 
<location id="8EF06047FFC4DC5AFB696E2BF1123205" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0386878AFFC4DC58FE9569D2F7BE347C:8EF06047FFC4DC5AFB696E2BF1123205" box="[1249,1332,293,316]" country="Eritrea" name="Asmara" pageId="20" pageNumber="19">Asmara</location>
env., 
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(
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) 
<specimenCount id="9D29FD15FFC4DC5AFC326E4DF7FD3263" box="[954,987,323,346]" pageId="20" pageNumber="19" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
(allotypic 
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), 1983, leg. 
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; 
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.
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<materialsCitation id="3B473CC1FFC4DC5AFCB66EACF79532E1" collectionCode="ADDITIONAL, MATERIAL, EXAMINED" collectorName="Gardo &amp; Migiurtina" country="Somalia" location="Somalia" pageId="20" pageNumber="19" specimenCount="1">
<collectionCode id="ED3EAE59FFC4DC5AFCB66EACF0EF3280" box="[830,1225,418,441]" pageId="20" pageNumber="19">ADDITIONAL MATERIAL EXAMINED</collectionCode>
. 
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<collectingCountry id="F338760CFFC4DC5AFB6A6EACF1183280" box="[1250,1342,418,441]" name="Somalia" pageId="20" pageNumber="19">Somalia</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
, 
<collectorName id="26DA534AFFC4DC5AFADF6EACF1BA3280" box="[1367,1436,418,441]" pageId="20" pageNumber="19">Gardo</collectorName>
, 
<collectorName id="26DA534AFFC4DC5AFCB66ECFF79532E1" box="[830,947,449,472]" pageId="20" pageNumber="19">Migiurtina</collectorName>
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, 
<date id="FF91105CFFC4DC5AFC376ECFF03F32E1" box="[959,1049,449,472]" pageId="20" pageNumber="19" value="1930-05">
<collectionCode id="ED3EAE59FFC4DC5AFC376ECFF7F332E1" box="[959,981,449,472]" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="20" pageNumber="19" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
. 1930
</date>
, 
<specimenCount id="9D29FD15FFC4DC5AFBAC6ECFF06032E1" box="[1060,1094,449,472]" pageId="20" pageNumber="19" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
(
<figureCitation id="13142A19FFC4DC5AFBDE6ECFF0FE32E1" box="[1110,1240,449,472]" captionStart="Figures 40–41" captionStartId="16.[192,278,1518,1541]" captionTargetBox="[205,1429,204,1484]" captionTargetId="figure-14@16.[192,1441,198,1488]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figures 40–41: Parabuthus eritreaensis, male from Somalia, Gardo, Migiurtina in dorsal (40) and ventral (41) views." pageId="20" pageNumber="19">Figs. 40–41</figureCitation>
, 89,174–175, 189, 198), leg. M. Milano &amp; Luppi, 
<materialsCitation id="3B473CC1FFC4DC5AFB2D6EEEF060312C" collectingDate="1969-08-16" collectionCode="FKCP" country="Somalia" location="No." municipality="Run" pageId="20" pageNumber="19" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1">
<collectionCode id="ED3EAE59FFC4DC5AFB2D6EEEF0CE32CE" box="[1189,1256,480,503]" pageId="20" pageNumber="19">FKCP</collectionCode>
<location id="8EF06047FFC4DC5AFB7B6EEEF13D32CE" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0386878AFFC4DC58FE9569D2F7BE347C:8EF06047FFC4DC5AFB7B6EEEF13D32CE" box="[1267,1307,480,503]" country="Somalia" municipality="Run" name="No." pageId="20" pageNumber="19">No.</location>
1133; 
<collectingMunicipality id="6BF4ACE6FFC4DC5AFAE56EEEF1BA32CE" box="[1389,1436,480,503]" pageId="20" pageNumber="19">Run</collectingMunicipality>
, 
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<collectingDate id="EFD5E9B4FFC4DC5AFCB66EF0F7EA312C" box="[830,972,510,533]" pageId="20" pageNumber="19" value="1969-08-16">16.VIII.1969</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<specimenCount id="9D29FD15FFC4DC5AFC5F6EF0F7DE312C" box="[983,1016,510,533]" pageId="20" pageNumber="19" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
, S.B.S
</materialsCitation>
., 
<collectionCode id="ED3EAE59FFC4DC5AFBDF6EF0F087312C" box="[1111,1185,510,533]" country="Italy" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/mvk4-k796" name="Museo Zoologico La Specola, Universita di Firenze" pageId="20" pageNumber="19">MZUF</collectionCode>
No. 1127.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3356517FFC4DC5AFCB66D32F02230FA" pageId="20" pageNumber="19" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8B90369CFFC4DC5AFCB66D32F02230FA" blockId="20.[830,1441,572,963]" pageId="20" pageNumber="19">
DIAGNOSIS. Adults from 
<quantity id="4CD79B79FFC4DC5AFBEA6D32F0EE316A" box="[1122,1224,572,595]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.15" pageId="20" pageNumber="19" unit="mm" value="71.5">71.5 mm</quantity>
(male) to 
<quantity id="4CD79B79FFC4DC5AFAC66D32F186316A" box="[1358,1440,572,595]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="20" pageNumber="19" unit="mm" value="90.0">90 mm</quantity>
(female) long. Base color uniformly yellow to yellowish brown, only fourth metasomal segment and telson dark. Pectine teeth number 
<quantity id="4CD79B79FFC4DC5AFBBA6D96F04A3196" box="[1074,1132,664,687]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.906" pageId="20" pageNumber="19" unit="in" value="39.0">39 in</quantity>
male and 
<quantity id="4CD79B79FFC4DC5AFB6D6D96F1613196" box="[1253,1351,664,687]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.017" metricValueMax="9.144" metricValueMin="8.89" pageId="20" pageNumber="19" unit="in" value="35.5" valueMax="36.0" valueMin="35.0">35–36 in</quantity>
female. Stridulatory area present on dorsal surface of first to third segments, more pronounced on first and second segments. Metasoma densely hirsute. Movable finger of pedipalp more than twice as long as manus, bearing 13– 15 rows of granules which include both external and internal granules. Manus of pedipalp smooth and very narrow in both sexes, pedipalp chela length/ width ratio 
<quantity id="4CD79B79FFC4DC5AFCB66C83F7AC309D" box="[830,906,909,932]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.55702" pageId="20" pageNumber="19" unit="in" value="6.13">6.13 in</quantity>
male and 
<quantity id="4CD79B79FFC4DC5AFC756C83F06F309D" box="[1021,1097,909,932]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.83642" pageId="20" pageNumber="19" unit="in" value="7.23">7.23 in</quantity>
female. Tarsomere I of all legs with bristlecombs.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3356517FFC4DC58FCB66CE1F7BE347C" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="21" pageId="20" pageNumber="19" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B90369CFFC4DC5AFCB66CE1F0CC37B8" blockId="20.[830,1441,1007,1919]" pageId="20" pageNumber="19">
<materialsCitation id="3B473CC1FFC4DC5AFCB66CE1F0C037B8" collectionCode="COMMENTS, ABOUT, DISTRIBUTION, AND, LOCALITY" country="Eritrea" county="There" location="We" municipality="Puntland" pageId="20" pageNumber="19" specimenCount="4" typeStatus="holotype">
<collectionCode id="ED3EAE59FFC4DC5AFCB66CE1F0C5373F" box="[830,1251,1007,1030]" pageId="20" pageNumber="19">COMMENTS ABOUT DISTRIBUTION AND</collectionCode>
<typeStatus id="5494883EFFC4DC5AFB656CE1F103373F" box="[1261,1317,1007,1030]" pageId="20" pageNumber="19">TYPE</typeStatus>
<collectionCode id="ED3EAE59FFC4DC5AFAA76CFDF1BC373F" box="[1327,1434,1011,1030]" pageId="20" pageNumber="19">LOCALITY</collectionCode>
. 
<location id="8EF06047FFC4DC5AFCB66B00F745371C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0386878AFFC4DC58FE9569D2F7BE347C:8EF06047FFC4DC5AFCB66B00F745371C" box="[830,867,1038,1061]" country="Eritrea" county="There" municipality="Puntland" name="We" pageId="20" pageNumber="19">We</location>
believe that the 
<typeStatus id="5494883EFFC4DC5AFB936B00F06F371C" box="[1051,1097,1038,1061]" pageId="20" pageNumber="19">type</typeStatus>
locality &quot; 
<collectingCountry id="F338760CFFC4DC5AFB3A6B00F126371C" box="[1202,1280,1038,1061]" name="Eritrea" pageId="20" pageNumber="19">Eritrea</collectingCountry>
, Asmara env.&quot; is incorrect, the 
<typeStatus id="5494883EFFC4DC5AFC786B22F00E377A" box="[1008,1064,1068,1091]" pageId="20" pageNumber="19">types</typeStatus>
were mislabeled and the origin of the 
<typeStatus id="5494883EFFC4DC5AFCEF6B45F7B9375B" box="[871,927,1099,1122]" pageId="20" pageNumber="19">types</typeStatus>
is in reality 
<location id="8EF06047FFC4DC5AFBA26B45F082375B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0386878AFFC4DC58FE9569D2F7BE347C:8EF06047FFC4DC5AFBA26B45F082375B" box="[1066,1188,1099,1122]" country="Eritrea" county="There" municipality="Puntland" name="Somaliland" pageId="20" pageNumber="19">Somaliland</location>
or 
<collectingCountry id="F338760CFFC4DC5AFB416B45F106375B" box="[1225,1312,1099,1122]" name="Somalia" pageId="20" pageNumber="19">Somalia</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingMunicipality id="6BF4ACE6FFC4DC5AFAB86B45F1B3375B" box="[1328,1429,1099,1122]" pageId="20" pageNumber="19">Puntland</collectingMunicipality>
). 
<collectingCounty id="62F14E10FFC4DC5AFCB66B64F75A37B8" box="[830,892,1130,1153]" pageId="20" pageNumber="19">There</collectingCounty>
are three reasons for this opinion
</materialsCitation>
:
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B90369CFFC4DC5AFCB66B86F0FB3552" blockId="20.[830,1441,1007,1919]" pageId="20" pageNumber="19">
1) In 
<date id="FF91105CFFC4DC5AFCF26B86F02A37A6" box="[890,1036,1160,1183]" pageId="20" pageNumber="19" value="2015-10">October 2015</date>
the first author visited the vicinity of the Asmara City which is situated at 
<quantity id="4CD79B79FFC4DC5AFB596BA9F1413787" box="[1233,1383,1191,1214]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.375" metricValueMax="2.45" metricValueMin="2.3" pageId="20" pageNumber="19" unit="m" value="2375.0" valueMax="2450.0" valueMin="2300.0">2300–2450 m</quantity>
a.s.l. This is too high an altitude for most known scorpion species in the Horn of Africa. At similar high altitudes in the Horn of Africa, only 
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D1FFFC4DC5AFBE16A0DF0C53623" authorityName="Birula" authorityYear="1908" box="[1129,1251,1283,1306]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Hottentotta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="20" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95BEA8EFFC4DC5AFBE16A0DF0C53623" box="[1129,1251,1283,1306]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="19">Hottentotta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
specimens were collected by the first author. In the vicinity of Asmara City, only 
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D1FFFC4DC5AFC4E6A4EF143366E" authority="(L. Koch, 1875)" baseAuthorityName="L. Koch" baseAuthorityYear="1875" box="[966,1381,1344,1367]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Hottentotta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="20" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minax">
<emphasis id="B95BEA8EFFC4DC5AFC4E6A4EF0B4366E" box="[966,1170,1344,1367]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="19">Hottentotta minax</emphasis>
(L. Koch, 1875)
</taxonomicName>
was collected (
<collectingCountry id="F338760CFFC4DC5AFC3D6A51F024364F" box="[949,1026,1375,1398]" name="Eritrea" pageId="20" pageNumber="19">Eritrea</collectingCountry>
, Asmara env., 
<geoCoordinate id="EE1B505BFFC4DC5AFB326A51F16A364F" box="[1210,1356,1375,1398]" degrees="15" direction="north" minutes="20" orientation="latitude" pageId="20" pageNumber="19" precision="1" seconds="39.9" value="15.344417">15°20'39.9&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE1B505BFFC4DC5AFAD36A51F7AC36AC" degrees="38" direction="east" minutes="57" orientation="longitude" pageId="20" pageNumber="19" precision="1" seconds="41.6" value="38.961555">38°57' 41.6&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity id="4CD79B79FFC4DC5AFC176A70F7DF36AC" box="[927,1017,1406,1429]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.417" pageId="20" pageNumber="19" unit="m" value="2417.0">2417 m</quantity>
a.s.l., 
<date id="FF91105CFFC4DC5AFBD86A70F0E236AC" box="[1104,1220,1406,1429]" pageId="20" pageNumber="19" value="2015-10-27">27.X.2015</date>
; and 
<geoCoordinate id="EE1B505BFFC4DC5AFA866A70F1B936AC" box="[1294,1439,1406,1429]" degrees="15" direction="north" minutes="14" orientation="latitude" pageId="20" pageNumber="19" precision="1" seconds="42.7" value="15.245194">15°14'42.7&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE1B505BFFC4DC5AFCB66A92F7F6368A" box="[830,976,1436,1459]" degrees="38" direction="east" minutes="52" orientation="longitude" pageId="20" pageNumber="19" precision="1" seconds="48.6" value="38.880165">38°52'48.6&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity id="4CD79B79FFC4DC5AFC566A92F014368A" box="[990,1074,1436,1459]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.307" pageId="20" pageNumber="19" unit="m" value="2307.0">2307 m</quantity>
a.s.l., 
<date id="FF91105CFFC4DC5AFBF66A92F0D5368A" box="[1150,1267,1436,1459]" pageId="20" pageNumber="19" value="2015-10-28">28.X.2015</date>
). During 2011– 2016 expeditions, all Horn of Africa 
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D1FFFC4DC5AFAAC6AB5F18736EB" authorityName=": Pocock" authorityYear="1895" box="[1316,1441,1467,1490]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Parabuthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="20" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95BEA8EFFC4DC5AFAAC6AB5F18736EB" box="[1316,1441,1467,1490]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="19">Parabuthus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
specimens were collected below 
<quantity id="4CD79B79FFC4DC5AFB346AD4F13336C8" box="[1212,1301,1498,1521]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.741" pageId="20" pageNumber="19" unit="m" value="1741.0">1741 m</quantity>
a. s. l. (
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D1FFFC4DC5AFA016AD4F79F3536" authorityName="Birula" authorityYear="1903" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Compsobuthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="20" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="abyssinicus">
<emphasis id="B95BEA8EFFC4DC5AFA016AD4F79F3536" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="19">P. abyssinicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<quantity id="4CD79B79FFC4DC5AFC4A6AF6F01B3536" box="[962,1085,1528,1551]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.435" metricValueMax="14.569999999999999" metricValueMin="0.3" pageId="20" pageNumber="19" unit="m" value="743.5" valueMax="1457.0" valueMin="30.0">30–1457 m</quantity>
a. s. l., 
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D1FFFC4DC5AFB126AF6F11F3536" authorityName="Pocock" authorityYear="1895" box="[1178,1337,1528,1551]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Parabuthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="20" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="granimanus">
<emphasis id="B95BEA8EFFC4DC5AFB126AF6F11F3536" box="[1178,1337,1528,1551]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="19">P. granimanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<quantity id="4CD79B79FFC4DC5AFACB6AF6F7753517" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.015" metricValueMax="8.959999999999999" metricValueMin="1.0699999999999998" pageId="20" pageNumber="19" unit="m" value="501.5" valueMax="896.0" valueMin="107.0">107–896 m</quantity>
a. s. l., 
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D1FFFC4DC5AFC376919F00F3517" authority="Kovařík &amp; Lowe &amp; Plíšková &amp; Šťáhlavský, 2016" authorityName="Kovařík &amp; Lowe &amp; Plíšková &amp; Šťáhlavský" authorityYear="2016" box="[959,1065,1559,1582]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Parabuthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="20" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hamar" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B95BEA8EFFC4DC5AFC376919F00F3517" box="[959,1065,1559,1582]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="19">P. hamar</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B95BEA8EFFC4DC5AFBBD6919F0513517" bold="true" box="[1077,1143,1559,1582]" pageId="20" pageNumber="19">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26857F5FFC4DC5AFBBD6919F0513517" box="[1077,1143,1559,1582]" pageId="20" pageNumber="19" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
<quantity id="4CD79B79FFC4DC5AFB0C6919F13B3517" box="[1156,1309,1559,1582]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.895" metricValueMax="14.059999999999999" metricValueMin="3.7299999999999995" pageId="20" pageNumber="19" unit="m" value="889.5" valueMax="1406.0" valueMin="373.0">373– 1406 m</quantity>
a. s. l., 
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D1FFFC4DC5AFA016919F7823574" authorityName="Pocock" authorityYear="1897" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Parabuthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="20" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="heterurus">
<emphasis id="B95BEA8EFFC4DC5AFA016919F7823574" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="19">P. heterurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<quantity id="4CD79B79FFC4DC5AFC246938F0123574" box="[940,1076,1590,1613]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3184999999999998" metricValueMax="1.741" metricValueMin="0.8959999999999999" pageId="20" pageNumber="19" unit="m" value="1318.5" valueMax="1741.0" valueMin="896.0">896–1741 m</quantity>
a.s.l., 
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D1FFFC4DC5AFBF36938F0FB3574" authority="Kovařík &amp; Lowe &amp; Plíšková &amp; Šťáhlavský, 2016" authorityName="Kovařík &amp; Lowe &amp; Plíšková &amp; Šťáhlavský" authorityYear="2016" box="[1147,1245,1590,1613]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Parabuthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="20" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kajibu" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B95BEA8EFFC4DC5AFBF36938F0FB3574" box="[1147,1245,1590,1613]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="19">P. kajibu</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B95BEA8EFFC4DC5AFB6C6938F1073574" bold="true" box="[1252,1313,1590,1613]" pageId="20" pageNumber="19">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26857F5FFC4DC5AFB6C6938F1073574" box="[1252,1313,1590,1613]" pageId="20" pageNumber="19" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
<quantity id="4CD79B79FFC4DC5AFAA16938F14B3574" box="[1321,1389,1590,1613]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.18" pageId="20" pageNumber="19" unit="m" value="918.0">918 m</quantity>
a. s. l., and 
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D1FFFC4DC5AFC0F695AF7DD3552" authorityName="Pocock" authorityYear="1895" box="[903,1019,1620,1643]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Parabuthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="20" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallidus">
<emphasis id="B95BEA8EFFC4DC5AFC0F695AF7DD3552" box="[903,1019,1620,1643]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="19">P. pallidus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<quantity id="4CD79B79FFC4DC5AFB89695AF0AE3552" box="[1025,1160,1620,1643]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.034" metricValueMax="1.6949999999999998" metricValueMin="0.37299999999999994" pageId="20" pageNumber="19" unit="m" value="1034.0" valueMax="1695.0" valueMin="373.0">373–1695 m</quantity>
a. s. l.).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B90369CFFC4DC5AFCB6697DF7EB35DF" blockId="20.[830,1441,1007,1919]" pageId="20" pageNumber="19">
2) According to the labels of the additional non-type specimens of 
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D1FFFC4DC5AFC68699CF0A43590" authorityName="Kovarik" authorityYear="2003" box="[992,1154,1682,1705]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Parabuthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="20" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eritreaensis">
<emphasis id="B95BEA8EFFC4DC5AFC68699CF0A43590" box="[992,1154,1682,1705]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="19">P. eritreaensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, two other localities are &quot; 
<collectingCountry id="F338760CFFC4DC5AFCCF69BEF78535FE" box="[839,931,1712,1735]" name="Somalia" pageId="20" pageNumber="19">Somalia</collectingCountry>
, Gardo, Migiurtina&quot; (
<figureCitation id="13142A19FFC4DC5AFB1969BEF0C935FE" box="[1169,1263,1712,1735]" captionStart="Figure 204" captionStartId="56.[192,268,1220,1243]" captionTargetBox="[196,1436,197,1186]" captionTargetId="figure-99@56.[192,1439,192,1190]" captionTargetPageId="56" captionText="Figure 204: Map showing confirmed distribution of Parabuthus spp. in Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Somaliland and P. eritreaensis in Somalia (Puntland). Most points indicate sites sampled during 2011–2016 expeditions. We have not included in the map locality data for old specimens mainly from Somalia deposited in Italian museums which include large collections from this region (Kovařík &amp; Whitman, 2005: 110–112), because these specimens are often mislabeled. Without corroboration from recently collected specimens, it is problematic to verify which of the locality labels are correct." pageId="20" pageNumber="19">Fig. 204</figureCitation>
) and &quot; 
<collectingCountry id="F338760CFFC4DC5AFACA69BEF1BA35FE" box="[1346,1436,1712,1735]" name="Somalia" pageId="20" pageNumber="19">Somalia</collectingCountry>
, Run, S.B.S.&quot;.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B90369CFFC4DC58FCB669E0F7BE347C" blockId="20.[830,1441,1007,1919]" lastBlockId="22.[830,1440,1746,1861]" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="21" pageId="20" pageNumber="19">
3) In the first authors collections there are also 
<specimenCount id="9D29FD15FFC4DC5AFAE369E0F78B341A" pageId="20" pageNumber="19" type="generic">three specimens</specimenCount>
of 
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D1FFFC4DC5AFC686802F0A3341A" authorityName="Pocock" authorityYear="1895" box="[992,1157,1804,1827]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Parabuthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="20" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="granimanus">
<emphasis id="B95BEA8EFFC4DC5AFC686802F0A3341A" box="[992,1157,1804,1827]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="19">P. granimanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
labeled evidently incorrectly by the same label &quot; 
<collectingCountry id="F338760CFFC4DC5AFBEE6825F092347B" box="[1126,1204,1835,1858]" name="Eritrea" pageId="20" pageNumber="19">Eritrea</collectingCountry>
, Asmara env., 1983, leg. Dorsak&quot;. In reality, only very hot localities in the vicinity of Berbera, Somaliland (see below) were veri- fied for 
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D1FFFC6DC58FEA969DCF5E235D0" authorityName="Pocock" authorityYear="1895" box="[289,452,1746,1769]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Parabuthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="22" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="granimanus">
<emphasis id="B95BEA8EFFC6DC58FEA969DCF5E235D0" box="[289,452,1746,1769]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="21">P. granimanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. These localities are relatively close to the 
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D1FFFC6DC58FEC569FFF5C93431" authorityName="Pocock" authorityYear="1895" box="[333,495,1777,1800]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Parabuthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="22" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="granimanus">
<emphasis id="B95BEA8EFFC6DC58FEC569FFF5C93431" box="[333,495,1777,1800]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="21">P. granimanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<typeStatus id="5494883EFFC6DC58FE7269FFF60E3431" box="[506,552,1777,1800]" pageId="22" pageNumber="21">type</typeStatus>
locality which is also hot and near the sea (
<figureCitation id="13142A19FFC6DC58FE50681EF667341E" box="[472,577,1808,1831]" captionStart="Figure 204" captionStartId="56.[192,268,1220,1243]" captionTargetBox="[196,1436,197,1186]" captionTargetId="figure-99@56.[192,1439,192,1190]" captionTargetPageId="56" captionText="Figure 204: Map showing confirmed distribution of Parabuthus spp. in Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Somaliland and P. eritreaensis in Somalia (Puntland). Most points indicate sites sampled during 2011–2016 expeditions. We have not included in the map locality data for old specimens mainly from Somalia deposited in Italian museums which include large collections from this region (Kovařík &amp; Whitman, 2005: 110–112), because these specimens are often mislabeled. Without corroboration from recently collected specimens, it is problematic to verify which of the locality labels are correct." pageId="22" pageNumber="21">Fig. 204</figureCitation>
). The 
<typeStatus id="5494883EFFC6DC58FD11681EF6F7341E" box="[665,721,1808,1831]" pageId="22" pageNumber="21">types</typeStatus>
of 
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D1FFFC6DC58FC83681EF6A5347C" authority="Caporiacco, 1947" authorityName="Caporiacco" authorityYear="1947" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Parabuthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="22" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="granimanus" subSpecies="fuscicauda">
<emphasis id="B95BEA8EFFC6DC58FC83681EF59F347C" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="21">P. granimanus fuscicauda</emphasis>
Caporiacco, 1947
</taxonomicName>
are also from 
<collectingCountry id="F338760CFFC6DC58FCCD69DCF7A835D0" box="[837,910,1746,1769]" name="Eritrea" pageId="22" pageNumber="21">Eritrea</collectingCountry>
according to the label (
<collectingCountry id="F338760CFFC6DC58FB2469DCF0DF35D0" box="[1196,1273,1746,1769]" name="Eritrea" pageId="22" pageNumber="21">Eritrea</collectingCountry>
, dint. Elghena (Hassi Habab), 
<date id="FF91105CFFC6DC58FC6E69FFF0503431" box="[998,1142,1777,1800]" pageId="22" pageNumber="21" value="1902-11" valueMax="1902-12-31" valueMin="1902-11-00">XI.-XII.1902</date>
, MZUF, Nos 548 and 549), but these old labels are also suspect, and require verification.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>