261 lines
37 KiB
XML
261 lines
37 KiB
XML
<document id="3BD42FF1C86C44AF0E7F22A95C847352" ID-DOI="10.1371/journal.pone.0168887" ID-ISSN="1932-6203" ID-PMC="PMC5235366" ID-PubMed="28085887" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12827437" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="valdenar" checkinTime="1719974433489" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Li, Yang, Boonprakob, Atchaneey, Gaonkar, Chetan C., Kooistra, Wiebe H. C. F., Lange, Carina B., Hernández-Becerril, David, Chen, Zuoyi, Moestrup, Øjvind & Lundholm, Nina" docDate="2017" docId="E87C87F48345FFF9FDE678C5A811FE3E" docLanguage="en" docName="PLoSONE.12.1.e0168887.pdf" docOrigin="PLoS ONE (e 0168887) 12 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:55318D21378FF0528C342C9740A1E1BE.2:PLoSONE.2014-.journal_article" docStyleId="55318D21378FF0528C342C9740A1E1BE" docStyleName="PLoSONE.2014-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Dicladia" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="35" masterDocId="1445FF8C8364FFDBFFF37C16AC40FFC3" masterDocTitle="Diversity in the Globally Distributed Diatom Genus Chaetoceros (Bacillariophyceae): Three New Species from Warm-Temperate Waters" masterLastPageNumber="38" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="34" updateTime="1722015472371" updateUser="valdenar">
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<mods:title id="5AF9DD659219E01C06C41501DDD75EF9">Diversity in the Globally Distributed Diatom Genus Chaetoceros (Bacillariophyceae): Three New Species from Warm-Temperate Waters</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="9AC516B460C6DC9D69A6EE487831AAD7">Li, Yang</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="77ADE3FEE0EE85DF2E95A6EE6D282E3C">Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, College of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, P. R. China,</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="9E19EB93CBCB342B2D3E282A82C46FBD">Boonprakob, Atchaneey</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="0BEE1B3EC9FD13C5C1B77EA7FEA7B412">Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark, & Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ramkhamhaeng University, Bangkok, Thailand,</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="737CF6F65CD349D9EEC1FD26B353DFB7">Gaonkar, Chetan C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="6193E55A9B4D699ABFCA9A14FEB0B3F1">Integrative Marine Ecology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Naples, Italy,</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="B5E37DB6DDD25FDB77A5D725AF234D43">Kooistra, Wiebe H. C. F.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="F5B576B7D550A36D90E22D4C077D4A28">Integrative Marine Ecology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Naples, Italy,</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="13B5DD10CEA778C9B13E78CC24E0FCE6">Lange, Carina B.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="596710290D672FF2EA1EDA52FA52EF0D">Integrative Marine Ecology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Naples, Italy, & Department of Oceanography and Center COPAS Sur-Austral, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile,</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="8D5B83966BE0B06FDFBCC2F5C6C17B6D">Hernández-Becerril, David</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="F658415141296A76C4F3728493E4F5E1">Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnologia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cd. Universitaria, Coyoacán, Cd. de México, México,</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="C9CC6FAEFB8697D23A73EFC3A1A5420C">Chen, Zuoyi</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="037D5CFF7BAEBA120DE1E7C7F6D1B228">Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, College of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, P. R. China,</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="2A27F66F663E5725B315124EC113A414">Moestrup, Øjvind</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="8E429CB2A058DD0A8BBD5AA57D442798">Section of Marine Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="FDCF891335209D8FB9FE913706255B71">Lundholm, Nina</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="FCCE8B9A48CFB49EC4B9C1E4A12569E3">Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark,</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="D8B9EA51471CB40631D18195B5CEEA26">PLoS ONE</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="A453DCACFA1C93E02D97143ADAFD1365">2017</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="EEF23B5FBFAB07BA2D2B54FDD144C7A2">2017-01-13</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="70EEB93636325CDEFE58142B0D273035" type="DOI">10.1371/journal.pone.0168887</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="3376E983954938CBD7BB12B0532E4541" type="ISSN">1932-6203</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="926FD3BE7252B812D922C621F19ADFE8" type="PMC">PMC5235366</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="E87C87F48345FFF9FDE678C5A811FE3E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12630686" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12630686" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E87C87F48345FFF9FDE678C5A811FE3E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E87C87F48345FFF9FDE678C5A811FE3E" lastPageId="34" lastPageNumber="35" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
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<subSubSection id="28CF65698345FFFAFDE678C5A95AFB2C" box="[533,1306,1235,1263]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="606A36E28345FFFAFDE678C5A95AFB2C" blockId="33.[533,1537,1235,1897]" box="[533,1306,1235,1263]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
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<heading id="3B22818E8345FFFAFDE678C5A95AFB2C" box="[533,1306,1235,1263]" fontSize="12" level="2" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" reason="8">
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Additional morphological characters in section
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<taxonomicName id="A7D54D618345FFFAFB6B78C5A94BFB2C" box="[1176,1291,1235,1263]" class="Bacillariophyceae" genus="Dicladia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="genus">Dicladia</taxonomicName>
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?
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="606A36E28345FFFAFDE67912AFB8F9CD" blockId="33.[533,1537,1235,1897]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
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A feature of
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<taxonomicName id="A7D54D618345FFFAFD6B7912AF69FAD8" authorityName="Li & Boonprakob & Gaonkar & Kooistra & Lange & Hernández-Becerril & Chen & Moestrup & Lundholm" authorityYear="2017" box="[664,809,1283,1308]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Chaetocerotaceae" genus="Chaetoceros" kingdom="Chromista" order="Chaetocerotales" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="laevisporus">
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<emphasis id="52A1EAF08345FFFAFD6B7912AEE9FAD8" box="[664,681,1284,1307]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">C</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis id="52A1EAF08345FFFAFD467915AF69FAD8" box="[693,809,1283,1307]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">laevisporus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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which occurs also in
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<taxonomicName id="A7D54D618345FFFAFBF97912A8C5FAD8" box="[1034,1157,1283,1308]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Chaetocerotaceae" genus="Chaetoceros" kingdom="Chromista" order="Chaetocerotales" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="decipiens">
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<emphasis id="52A1EAF08345FFFAFBF97912A85BFAD8" box="[1034,1051,1284,1307]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">C</emphasis>
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||
.
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<emphasis id="52A1EAF08345FFFAFBD47915A8C5FAD8" box="[1063,1157,1283,1307]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">decipiens</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="A7D54D618345FFFAFB4A7912A95FFAD8" authorityName="Li & Boonprakob & Gaonkar & Kooistra & Lange & Hernández-Becerril & Chen & Moestrup & Lundholm" authorityYear="2017" box="[1209,1311,1283,1308]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Chaetocerotaceae" genus="Chaetoceros" kingdom="Chromista" order="Chaetocerotales" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="elegans">
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<emphasis id="52A1EAF08345FFFAFB4A7912A88AFAD8" box="[1209,1226,1284,1307]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">C</emphasis>
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||
.
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<emphasis id="52A1EAF08345FFFAFB267915A95FFAD8" box="[1237,1311,1283,1307]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">elegans</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<figureCitation id="F8EE2A678345FFFAFADF7912A93FFADF" box="[1324,1407,1284,1308]" captionStart="Fig 1" captionStartId="5.[447,479,1763,1782]" captionTargetBox="[450,1533,211,1738]" captionTargetId="figure-2@5.[447,1536,208,1741]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig 1. LM of Chaetoceros decipiens. A, C, E, F: Chain views of lectotype material MIC5366 (A) and strains P10E5 (C), P14B3B (E), D12 (F). B and D: Detail of chains showing constrictions (arrows) between the mantle and the girdle bands,and the fused extensions of sibling setae, which are short, longer or even absent (arrowheads); lectotype material MIC5366 (B) and strain P10E5 (D). G: Chain view of strain D10, note the V-shaped protrusion located centrally on the terminal valve (arrowhead). A and C: scale bars, 50 μm. B, D, E, F: scale bars, 20 μm. G: scale bar, 10 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g001" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827439" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827439/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Figs 1G</figureCitation>
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and
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<figureCitation id="F8EE2A678345FFFAFA407912A993FADF" box="[1459,1491,1284,1308]" captionStart="Fig 4" captionStartId="10.[128,160,1508,1527]" captionTargetBox="[131,1533,211,1483]" captionTargetId="figure-125@10.[128,1536,208,1486]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Fig 4. LM of Chaetoceros elegans sp. nov. Strain YL7. A: Chain view displaying seta divergence in the apical plane. B: Solitary cell. C: Chain view demonstrating large apertures and chloroplasts. D: End of chain showing constrictions (arrows) between the mantle and the girdle, and V-shaped protrusion (arrowhead) located centrally on terminal valve. A and B scale bars, 50 μm. C and D scale bars, 20 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g004" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827447" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827447/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">4D</figureCitation>
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, arrowheads) is the presence of a non-silicified, V-shaped protrusion on the terminal valves (
|
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<figureCitation id="F8EE2A678345FFFAFDED795FAE25FAA2" box="[542,613,1353,1377]" captionStart="Fig 8" captionStartId="15.[267,299,1763,1782]" captionTargetBox="[270,1533,211,1738]" captionTargetId="figure-2@15.[267,1536,208,1741]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Fig 8. Chaetoceros laevisporus sp. nov. LM (A–C), SEM (D and E) and TEM (F). Fig A: Part of a chain showing constrictions (arrows) between mantle and girdle, and V- shaped protrusion (arrowhead) located centrally on the terminal valve; strain N7. B: Dividing chain showing seta divergence; strain DY1. C: Structure of terminal seta; strain DY1. D: Chain in girdle view showing cells and apertures; strain N7. E: Terminal valve with rimoportula without external process (arrowhead); strain N7. F: Valve views of intercalary (upper) and terminal valves (below); strain N7. A, C, D scale bars,20 μm. B scale bar, 100 μm. E and F scale bars, 5 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g008" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827456" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827456/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Fig 8A</figureCitation>
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, arrowhead).
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<taxonomicName id="A7D54D618345FFFAFD0B795EA852FAA3" authorityName="Grunow" authorityYear="1863" box="[760,1042,1352,1377]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Chaetocerotaceae" genus="Chaetoceros" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Chromista" order="Chaetocerotales" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="lorenzianus">
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<emphasis id="52A1EAF08345FFFAFD0B795EAF34FAA3" box="[760,884,1352,1376]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Chaetoceros</emphasis>
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cf.
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<emphasis id="52A1EAF08345FFFAFC69795EA852FAA3" box="[922,1042,1352,1376]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">lorenzianus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
from the Gulf of
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<collectingCountry id="18C276728345FFFAFB38795FA961FAA2" box="[1227,1313,1353,1377]" name="Panama" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Panama</collectingCountry>
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shows the same feature [
|
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<bibRefCitation id="04444B138345FFFAFDA3797AAE29FA47" author="Kooistra WHCF & Sarno D & Hernandez-Becerril DU & Assmy P & Prisco CD & Montresor M." box="[592,617,1388,1412]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" pagination="471 - 500" refId="ref18695" refString="35. Kooistra WHCF, Sarno D, Hernandez-Becerril DU, Assmy P, Prisco CD, Montresor M. Comparative molecular and morphological phylogenetic analyses of taxa in the Chaetocerataceae (Bacillariophyta). Phycologia. 2010; 49: 471 - 500" type="journal article" year="2010">35</bibRefCitation>
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||
]. This, together with the reduced external tube of rimoportula on the terminal valve (loc. cit. figs
|
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<quantity id="A72D9B078345FFFAFD687998AEB7FA65" box="[667,759,1422,1446]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9939" metricValueMax="2.032" metricValueMin="1.9558" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" unit="in" value="78.5" valueMax="80.0" valueMin="77.0">77–80 in</quantity>
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[
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<bibRefCitation id="04444B138345FFFAFCF57998AF5FFA65" author="Kooistra WHCF & Sarno D & Hernandez-Becerril DU & Assmy P & Prisco CD & Montresor M." box="[774,799,1422,1446]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" pagination="471 - 500" refId="ref18695" refString="35. Kooistra WHCF, Sarno D, Hernandez-Becerril DU, Assmy P, Prisco CD, Montresor M. Comparative molecular and morphological phylogenetic analyses of taxa in the Chaetocerataceae (Bacillariophyta). Phycologia. 2010; 49: 471 - 500" type="journal article" year="2010">35</bibRefCitation>
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]) clearly places this material as belonging to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A7D54D618345FFFAFB0A7998A9C9FA65" authorityName="Li & Boonprakob & Gaonkar & Kooistra & Lange & Hernández-Becerril & Chen & Moestrup & Lundholm" authorityYear="2017" box="[1273,1417,1422,1446]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Chaetocerotaceae" genus="Chaetoceros" kingdom="Chromista" order="Chaetocerotales" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="laevisporus">
|
||
<emphasis id="52A1EAF08345FFFAFB0A7998A94AFA66" box="[1273,1290,1422,1445]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="52A1EAF08345FFFAFAE67998A9C9FA65" box="[1301,1417,1422,1446]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">laevisporus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, The Vstructure was observed in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A7D54D618345FFFAFCDA79A7AFE4FA0B" box="[809,932,1456,1481]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Chaetocerotaceae" genus="Chaetoceros" kingdom="Chromista" order="Chaetocerotales" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="decipiens">
|
||
<emphasis id="52A1EAF08345FFFAFCDA79A7AF7AFA0B" box="[809,826,1457,1480]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="52A1EAF08345FFFAFCB579A6AFE4FA0B" box="[838,932,1456,1480]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">decipiens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by Rines & Hargraves [
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="04444B138345FFFAFB6C79A7A8F8FA0A" author="Rines JEB & Hargraves PE" box="[1183,1208,1457,1481]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" pagination="5 - 196" refId="ref17794" refString="10. Rines JEB, Hargraves PE. The Chaetoceros Ehrenberg (Bacillariophyceae) flora of Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island, USA. Bibl Phycol. 1988; 79: 5 - 196" type="journal article" year="1988">10</bibRefCitation>
|
||
] and Jensen & Moestrup [
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="04444B138345FFFAFA2279A7A99EFA0A" author="Jensen KG & Moestrup O." box="[1489,1502,1457,1481]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" pagination="5 - 68" refId="ref17764" refString="9. Jensen KG, Moestrup O. The genus Chaetoceros (Bacillariophyceae) in inner Danish coastal waters. Opera Bot. 1998; 133: 5 - 68" type="journal article" year="1998">9</bibRefCitation>
|
||
], and may be present in more species of the section. Because of its non-silicified nature, the structure disappears in acid-cleaned material.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="606A36E28345FFFAFDC67A0FA8D4F8AA" blockId="33.[533,1537,1235,1897]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
|
||
The ear-like structures at the marginal border of the apertures have been observed in all the studied strains, often in different shapes on the intercalary valves and terminal valves. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A7D54D618345FFFAFA4C7A2AA996F997" box="[1471,1494,1596,1620]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
|
||
<emphasis id="52A1EAF08345FFFAFA4C7A2AA990F990" box="[1471,1488,1596,1619]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="52A1EAF08345FFFAFDE67A48AE33F9B5" box="[533,627,1630,1654]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">decipiens</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A7D54D618345FFFAFD547A48AEBDF9B5" box="[679,765,1630,1654]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Chaetocerotaceae" genus="Chaetoceros" kingdom="Chromista" order="Chaetocerotales" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="mitra">
|
||
<emphasis id="52A1EAF08345FFFAFD547A48AEF8F9B6" box="[679,696,1630,1653]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="52A1EAF08345FFFAFD377A49AEBDF9B5" box="[708,765,1631,1654]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">mitra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the structures are very distinct, and they interconnect the edges of sibling valves on each side of the aperture (
|
||
<figureCitation id="F8EE2A678345FFFAFC497A97A874F95A" box="[954,1076,1665,1689]" captionStart="Fig 3" captionStartId="7.[128,160,1532,1551]" captionTargetBox="[131,1533,211,1507]" captionTargetId="figure-118@7.[128,1536,208,1510]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig 3. Chaetoceros decipiens. Strain D10, SEM (A–C) and TEM (D). A: Solitary cell with silica fringes.B: Intercalary cells with overlapping silica membrane (arrow). C: Detail of fused seta bases, silica membrane and fringes on the mantle (arrowhead). D: Rows of poroids on the mantle. A and B scale bars, 10 μm. C and D scale bars, 2 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g003" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827445" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827445/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Figs 3B, 3C</figureCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<figureCitation id="F8EE2A678345FFFAFB9B7A97A8CFF95A" box="[1128,1167,1665,1689]" captionStart="Fig 14" captionStartId="22.[287,319,1763,1782]" captionTargetBox="[290,1533,211,1738]" captionTargetId="figure-2@22.[287,1536,208,1741]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Fig 14. Chaetoceros mitra. LM (A), SEM (B, C, F, G) and TEM (D, E, H–J); strain P10A1. A–E: Setae showing round-oval poroids and spines, using different microscopy techniques. F: Intercalary valves showing wing-like structures (arrowhead), and furrows above the basal ring of mantle (arrows). G: Terminal valve showing rimoportula without external tube (arrowhead), furrow above the basal ring of mantle (arrows) and fringe (curved arrow). H: Intercalary valve face. I and J: Girdle bands. A scale bar, 10 μm. B, C, F–H scale bars, 5 μm. D, E, I, J scale bars, 2 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g014" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827470" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827470/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">14F</figureCitation>
|
||
). In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A7D54D618345FFFAFB317A97A967F95B" authorityName="Li & Boonprakob & Gaonkar & Kooistra & Lange & Hernández-Becerril & Chen & Moestrup & Lundholm" authorityYear="2017" box="[1218,1319,1664,1689]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Chaetocerotaceae" genus="Chaetoceros" kingdom="Chromista" order="Chaetocerotales" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="elegans">
|
||
<emphasis id="52A1EAF08345FFFAFB317A97A893F95B" box="[1218,1235,1665,1688]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="52A1EAF08345FFFAFB2D7A96A967F95B" box="[1246,1319,1664,1688]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">elegans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A7D54D618345FFFAFAC77A97A984F95B" authorityName="Li & Boonprakob & Gaonkar & Kooistra & Lange & Hernández-Becerril & Chen & Moestrup & Lundholm" authorityYear="2017" box="[1332,1476,1664,1689]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Chaetocerotaceae" genus="Chaetoceros" kingdom="Chromista" order="Chaetocerotales" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="laevisporus">
|
||
<emphasis id="52A1EAF08345FFFAFAC77A97A905F95B" box="[1332,1349,1665,1688]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="52A1EAF08345FFFAFAA37A96A984F95B" box="[1360,1476,1664,1688]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">laevisporus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A7D54D618345FFFAFDE67AB2AEC9F978" authorityName="Li & Boonprakob & Gaonkar & Kooistra & Lange & Hernández-Becerril & Chen & Moestrup & Lundholm" authorityYear="2017" box="[533,649,1699,1723]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Chaetocerotaceae" genus="Chaetoceros" kingdom="Chromista" order="Chaetocerotales" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="mannaii">
|
||
<emphasis id="52A1EAF08345FFFAFDE67AB2AE66F978" box="[533,550,1700,1723]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="52A1EAF08345FFFAFDC17AB2AEC9F978" box="[562,649,1700,1723]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">mannaii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
they are smaller, sometimes with overlapping parts (
|
||
<figureCitation id="F8EE2A678345FFFAFB4B7AB5A972F978" box="[1208,1330,1699,1723]" captionStart="Fig 6" captionStartId="12.[128,160,1248,1267]" captionTargetBox="[131,1533,211,1223]" captionTargetId="figure-234@12.[128,1536,208,1226]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Fig 6. Chaetoceros elegans sp. nov. LM (C), TEM (A, B, H) and SEM (D–G). A and B: Overlapping ear-like structures (arrows) and small gap between the crossing bases of sibling setae in strain YL7. C: Terminal seta with partly visible poroids in LM; strain YL7. D and E: Seta structure showing elongated poroids (D, strain Ch12A1) and tear-shaped poroids (E, strain M1) and F and G: Detail of setae poroids; strain Ch12A1 (F) and strains MC785 (G). H: Girdle band; strain YL7. All scale bars are 2μm, except 10 μm in C. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g006" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827452" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827452/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Figs 6A, 6B</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="F8EE2A678345FFFAFACE7AB5A9C4F978" box="[1341,1412,1699,1723]" captionStart="Fig 9" captionStartId="16.[247,279,1763,1782]" captionTargetBox="[250,1533,211,1738]" captionTargetId="figure-2@16.[247,1536,208,1741]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig 9. TEM of Chaetoceros laevisporus sp. nov. Strain N7. A, B: Non-overlapping (arrows in A) and overlapping ears (arrow in B) between sibling cells. C: Terminal valve with silica fringe (arrows) and constriction (arrowhead). D and E: Open girdle bands.F: Detail of girdle band with pores. G: Seta with round-oval poroids. A, B scale bars, 2 μm. C–E, G scale bars, 5 μm. F scale bar, 1 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g009" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827458" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827458/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">9A, 9B</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="F8EE2A678345FFFAFA637AB5A9A9F978" box="[1424,1513,1699,1723]" captionStart="Fig 11" captionStartId="19.[326,358,1763,1782]" captionTargetBox="[329,1533,211,1738]" captionTargetId="figure-2@19.[326,1536,208,1741]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Fig 11. Chaetoceros mannaii sp. nov. LM (A and B), SEM (C and E) and TEM (D and F); strain N1. A: Straight chain showing seta divergence and constrictions (arrows) between the mantle and the girdle. B: Oval valve face. C and D: Intercalary cells, with ear-like structures (arrowheads in D) at the bases of setae in heavily silicified frustule. E and F: Terminal valves, with ear-like structures at the seta bases (arrowheads in E) and distinct constriction above the ring (arrowheads in F). A scale bar, 20 μm. B–F scale bars, 5 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g011" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827462" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827462/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">11C and</figureCitation>
|
||
11D). On the terminal valves, these structures vary in shape, as fringes in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A7D54D618345FFFAFAE87AD0A9D6F91D" box="[1307,1430,1734,1758]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Chaetocerotaceae" genus="Chaetoceros" kingdom="Chromista" order="Chaetocerotales" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="decipiens">
|
||
<emphasis id="52A1EAF08345FFFAFAE87AD0A96CF91E" box="[1307,1324,1734,1757]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="52A1EAF08345FFFAFACB7AD0A9D6F91D" box="[1336,1430,1734,1758]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">decipiens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="52A1EAF08345FFFAFA527AD0A9F2F91E" box="[1441,1458,1734,1757]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="52A1EAF08345FFFAFA4D7AD0AA41F91D" box="[1470,1537,1734,1758]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
|
||
<emphasis id="52A1EAF08345FFFAFDE67AFFAE0FF8C3" box="[533,591,1769,1792]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">laevisporus</emphasis>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A7D54D618345FFFAFD707AFFAE98F8C3" box="[643,728,1769,1793]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Chaetocerotaceae" genus="Chaetoceros" kingdom="Chromista" order="Chaetocerotales" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="mitra">
|
||
<emphasis id="52A1EAF08345FFFAFD707AFFAED4F8C3" box="[643,660,1769,1792]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="52A1EAF08345FFFAFD6C7AFFAE98F8C3" box="[671,728,1769,1792]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">mitra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="F8EE2A678345FFFAFD147AFFAF75F8C2" box="[743,821,1769,1793]" captionStart="Fig 2" captionStartId="6.[128,160,1496,1515]" captionTargetBox="[131,1533,211,1471]" captionTargetId="figure-120@6.[128,1536,208,1474]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig 2. Chaetoceros decipiens. LM (A and B), TEM (C, D, H-J) and SEM (E-G). A-E: Seta structure of lectotype MIC5366 (A), strains P14B3B (B) and D10 (C–E), showing the 4–6 sided seta with poroids and small spines. F: Terminal valve with fringes (arrowheads); strain D10. G: Silica warts on the basal ring of the mantle; strain D10. H: Annulus, costae and poroid pattern on intercalary valve; strain P10E5. I: Terminal valve showing rimoportula without external process (arrowhead); strain D10. J: Girdle bands; strain D10. A and B scale bars, 10 μm. C–J scale bars, 2 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g002" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827441" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827441/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Figs 2F</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="F8EE2A678345FFFAFCB37AFFAF1FF8C2" box="[832,863,1769,1793]" captionStart="Fig 9" captionStartId="16.[247,279,1763,1782]" captionTargetBox="[250,1533,211,1738]" captionTargetId="figure-2@16.[247,1536,208,1741]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig 9. TEM of Chaetoceros laevisporus sp. nov. Strain N7. A, B: Non-overlapping (arrows in A) and overlapping ears (arrow in B) between sibling cells. C: Terminal valve with silica fringe (arrows) and constriction (arrowhead). D and E: Open girdle bands.F: Detail of girdle band with pores. G: Seta with round-oval poroids. A, B scale bars, 2 μm. C–E, G scale bars, 5 μm. F scale bar, 1 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g009" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827458" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827458/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">9C</figureCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<figureCitation id="F8EE2A678345FFFAFC607AFFAF80F8C2" box="[915,960,1769,1793]" captionStart="Fig 14" captionStartId="22.[287,319,1763,1782]" captionTargetBox="[290,1533,211,1738]" captionTargetId="figure-2@22.[287,1536,208,1741]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Fig 14. Chaetoceros mitra. LM (A), SEM (B, C, F, G) and TEM (D, E, H–J); strain P10A1. A–E: Setae showing round-oval poroids and spines, using different microscopy techniques. F: Intercalary valves showing wing-like structures (arrowhead), and furrows above the basal ring of mantle (arrows). G: Terminal valve showing rimoportula without external tube (arrowhead), furrow above the basal ring of mantle (arrows) and fringe (curved arrow). H: Intercalary valve face. I and J: Girdle bands. A scale bar, 10 μm. B, C, F–H scale bars, 5 μm. D, E, I, J scale bars, 2 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g014" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827470" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827470/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">14G</figureCitation>
|
||
) and as slice-shaped structures in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A7D54D618345FFFAFAD97AFFA9D1F8C3" authorityName="Li & Boonprakob & Gaonkar & Kooistra & Lange & Hernández-Becerril & Chen & Moestrup & Lundholm" authorityYear="2017" box="[1322,1425,1768,1793]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Chaetocerotaceae" genus="Chaetoceros" kingdom="Chromista" order="Chaetocerotales" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="elegans">
|
||
<emphasis id="52A1EAF08345FFFAFAD97AFFA97BF8C3" box="[1322,1339,1769,1792]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="52A1EAF08345FFFAFAB47AFEA9D1F8C3" box="[1351,1425,1768,1792]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">elegans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A7D54D618345FFFAFA367AFFA99BF8C2" box="[1477,1499,1769,1793]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
|
||
<emphasis id="52A1EAF08345FFFAFA367AFFA996F8C3" box="[1477,1494,1769,1792]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="52A1EAF08345FFFAFDE67B1AAE2CF8E0" box="[533,620,1804,1827]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">mannaii</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="F8EE2A678345FFFAFD887B1DAE8FF8E0" box="[635,719,1803,1827]" captionStart="Fig 5" captionStartId="11.[168,200,1763,1782]" captionTargetBox="[171,1532,211,1738]" captionTargetId="figure-2@11.[168,1535,208,1741]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Fig 5. Chaetoceros elegans sp. nov. SEM (A–E) and TEM (F and G). A: Terminal valve view with external process of rimoportula and poroids on valve face; strain MC1048. B and C: Intercalary cells demonstrating large apertures and valve faces; strain M1 (B), strain MC1048 (C). D and E: Terminal valves with central processes (arrowheads) and silica ear-like structures (arrows in D) in strain YL7. F: Annulus, costae and poroid pattern near intercalary valve centre; strain YL7. G: Parallel rows of poroids on the mantle; arrowhead indicates ring-shaped constriction; strain YL7. A–E scale bars, 5 μm. F and G scale bars, 2 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g005" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827450" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827450/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Figs 5D</figureCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<figureCitation id="F8EE2A678345FFFAFCF07B1DAF6BF8E0" box="[771,811,1803,1827]" captionStart="Fig 11" captionStartId="19.[326,358,1763,1782]" captionTargetBox="[329,1533,211,1738]" captionTargetId="figure-2@19.[326,1536,208,1741]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Fig 11. Chaetoceros mannaii sp. nov. LM (A and B), SEM (C and E) and TEM (D and F); strain N1. A: Straight chain showing seta divergence and constrictions (arrows) between the mantle and the girdle. B: Oval valve face. C and D: Intercalary cells, with ear-like structures (arrowheads in D) at the bases of setae in heavily silicified frustule. E and F: Terminal valves, with ear-like structures at the seta bases (arrowheads in E) and distinct constriction above the ring (arrowheads in F). A scale bar, 20 μm. B–F scale bars, 5 μm. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168887.g011" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827462" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12827462/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">11E</figureCitation>
|
||
). Based on the morphological variation observed, and the potential influence of environmental factors on the development of the structures, it is somewhat uncertain whether they can be used as a species-specific character.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="606A36E28346FFF9FDC67CC6A811FE3E" blockId="34.[533,1536,208,509]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
|
||
Although our study was based on established strains, with the risk of culture condition artefacts affecting the morphology, we regard the present species delineation sound, due to the following: 1) strains were fixed soon after establishment and morphology is thus not very likely affected by artefacts, 2) several of the species are based on strains from separate locations showing the same morphology, 3) observations of field samples made it possible for us to identify the taxa based on the descriptions provided, 4) evaluations with previously published records of species belonging to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A7D54D618346FFF9FCFF7D89AF24FE74" box="[780,868,415,439]" class="Bacillariophyceae" genus="Dicladia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="52A1EAF08346FFF9FCFF7D89AF24FE74" box="[780,868,415,439]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Dicladia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, for which electron micrographs are available (S3 Table) support our observations and 5) the study was performed over a long period, and subsequently established strains confirmed the species descriptions.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |