treatments-xml/data/AE/84/38/AE8438B55E7858B58B1E046F0E5A7FF7.xml

<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.97.20975" ID-GBIF-Taxon="182225238" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-97-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="BD026E15CD67FF99E01FF605FFF6FFEF" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1239255" ModsDocID="1314-2003-97-1" checkinTime="1524638383340" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Johnson, David M. &amp; Murray, Nancy A." docDate="2018" docId="AE8438B55E7858B58B1E046F0E5A7FF7" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 97: 1-252" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 97" docPubDate="2018-04-24" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.97.20975" docTitle="Xylopia congolensis De Wildeman, Ann. Mus. Congo, Sér. 5, Bot. 1: 41 – 42. 1903." docType="treatment" docVersion="2" id="BD026E15CD67FF99E01FF605FFF6FFEF" lastPageId="53" lastPageNumber="54" masterDocId="BD026E15CD67FF99E01FF605FFF6FFEF" masterDocTitle="A revision of Xylopia L. (Annonaceae): the species of Tropical Africa" masterLastPageNumber="252" masterPageNumber="1" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" updateTime="1643467003316" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>A revision of Xylopia L. (Annonaceae): the species of Tropical Africa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Johnson, David M.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Botany-Microbiology, Ohio Wesleyan University, Delaware, OH, 43015, USA</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Murray, Nancy A.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Botany-Microbiology, Ohio Wesleyan University, Delaware, OH, 43015, USA</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">namurray@owu.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:date>2018</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2018-04-24</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>97</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
<mods:end>252</mods:end>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.97.20975</mods:url>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.97.20975</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-97-1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">BD026E15CD67FF99E01FF605FFF6FFEF</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">1239255</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="182225238" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AE8438B55E7858B58B1E046F0E5A7FF7" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/AE8438B55E7858B58B1E046F0E5A7FF7" lastPageId="53" lastPageNumber="54" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
<subSubSection pageId="50" pageNumber="51" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
6. 
<taxonomicName LSID="AE8438B5-5E78-58B5-8B1E-046F0E5A7FF7" authority="De Wildeman, Ann. Mus. Congo, Ser. 5, Bot. 1: 41 - 42. 1903." authorityName="De Wildeman, Ann. Mus. Congo, Sér. 5, Bot. 1: 41 – 42. 1903." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" genus="Xylopia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Xylopia congolensis" order="Magnoliales" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="congolensis">
Xylopia congolensis De Wildeman, Ann. Mus. Congo, 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Sér">Ser</normalizedToken>
. 5, Bot. 1: 41-42. 1903.
</taxonomicName>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figure 14. Xylopia quintasii, X. congolensis, and X. aurantiiodora. A-F X. quintasii A Seed, lateral view B Outer petal, adaxial view C Monocarp, lateral view D Flower, lateral view E Inner petal, adaxial view F Leaf G X. congolensis, flower, lateral view. H-K X. aurantiiodora H Leaf I Inner petal, adaxial view showing tooth J Flower, lateral view K Monocarp, attached to pedicel L Outer petal, adaxial view. A, C from Reitsma 1423 (WAG) B, D-F from de Wilde et al. 9156 (WAG) G from Tutin 80 (MO) H, K from Harris 752 (MO) I, J, L from Harris &amp; Fay 1846 (MO)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.97.20975.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/199099" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Fig. 14G</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="51" pageNumber="52" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
<pageBreakToken pageId="51" pageNumber="52" start="start">
<typeStatus>Type</typeStatus>
</pageBreakToken>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2018-01-01" collectingDateMax="2018-12-31" collectingDateMin="2018-01-01" collectorName="J. Gillet" country="DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO" location="Congo" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Congo" typeStatus="lectotype">
<collectingCountry name="Democratic Republic of the Congo">DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO</collectingCountry>
[&quot;Belgian 
<collectingRegion country="Democratic Republic of the Congo" name="Bas-Congo">Congo</collectingRegion>
&quot;]. 
<collectingRegion country="Democratic Republic of the Congo" name="Bas-Congo">Kongo Central Province</collectingRegion>
, Inkisi-Kisantu [
<normalizedToken originalValue="“Kisantu”">&quot;Kisantu&quot;</normalizedToken>
], 1900, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
<collectorName>J. Gillet</collectorName>
812
</emphasis>
(
<typeStatus>lectotype</typeStatus>
, here designated: BR!; isotypes: BR! [0000008824707, 0000008824714, 0000008824721, 0000008824769, 0000008824776])
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="52" lastPageNumber="53" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="52" lastPageNumber="53" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Tree</emphasis>
up to 20 m tall, d.b.h. up to 50 cm; bark medium brown to red-brown, flaking. 
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Twigs</emphasis>
brown to shiny reddish brown or orange-brown, eventually light gray to gray-brown, glabrous, the bark sometimes exfoliating in strips, often 
<pageBreakToken pageId="52" pageNumber="53" start="start">marked</pageBreakToken>
with sharp ridges decurrent from both sides of petiole base. 
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Leaf</emphasis>
with larger blades 6.9-11.5 cm long, 2.6-4.4 cm wide, subcoriaceous to chartaceous, discolorous, oblanceolate to narrowly elliptic, apex acuminate, the acumen 4-11 mm long, base cuneate and decurrent, glabrous on both surfaces; midrib slightly impressed to plane adaxially, raised and sharply keeled abaxially, secondary veins brochidodromous, 9-12 per side, diverging at 45-75° from the midrib, often festooned with extra loops on the outside, secondary and higher-order veins indistinct to slightly raised adaxially, raised abaxially; petiole 3-8 mm long, shallowly canaliculate, glabrous or with a few hairs. 
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Inflorescences</emphasis>
axillary or from the axils of fallen leaves, 1-4-flowered, appressed-pubescent to glabrate; pedicels arising from axils independently, rarely from a common peduncle ca. 2 mm long, pedicels 3.4-6.7 mm long, 0.7-1.0 mm thick, often curved; bracts 2-4, caducous, rarely persistent, 0.8-1.5 mm long, semicircular to lunate, apex rounded; buds narrowly oblong, apex obtuse. 
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Sepals</emphasis>
slightly spreading at anthesis, free or 1/8-1/6-connate, 1.5-2.5 mm long, 2.0-2.5 mm wide, coriaceous, triangular to triangular-ovate, apex acute to obtuse, appressed-pubescent abaxially. 
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Petals</emphasis>
white, pale green, or yellowish white 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">in vivo</emphasis>
; outer petals slightly spreading at anthesis, 12.7-22 mm long, 2.1-3.3 mm wide at base, 1.0-2.3 mm wide at midpoint, coriaceous or slightly fleshy, linear-ligulate, apex obtuse, densely puberulent except for small glabrous patch at base adaxially, appressed-pubescent abaxially; inner petals more or less erect at anthesis, 10.3-18.6 mm long, 0.9-1.0 mm wide at base, 0.6-0.9 mm wide at midpoint, coriaceous or slightly fleshy, linear or sometimes slightly spatulate, apex obtuse, base with differentiated fleshy or membranous margins, densely puberulent on both surfaces except in basal concavity and on fleshy margins. 
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Stamens</emphasis>
48-61; fertile stamens 1.5-1.8 mm long, oblong, apex of connective 0.4-0.5 mm long, conical, not overhanging anther thecae, long-papillate, anthers 8-10-locellate, filament 0.3-0.5 mm long; outer staminodes 1.2-1.5 mm long, oblanceolate, apex obtuse; inner staminodes apparently absent; staminal cone absent. 
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Carpels</emphasis>
3-5; ovaries 1.0-1.6 mm long, oblong, densely pubescent, stigmas discrete, not connivent, 0.4-0.7 mm long, narrowly oblong to clavate, glabrous. 
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Torus</emphasis>
flat, 1.7-2.1 mm in diameter. 
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Fruit</emphasis>
of up to 3 glabrate monocarps borne on a pedicel 12-14.8 mm long, 1.6-2 mm thick, glabrate or with scattered hairs; torus 3-4.7 mm in diameter, 2.5-3 mm high, globose. 
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Monocarps</emphasis>
3.7-4.6 cm long, 0.6-0.9 cm wide, 0.8-1.0 cm thick, linear-oblong, weakly torulose, apex rostrate, the beak ca. 2.5 mm long, base contracted into a more or less distinct stipe ca. 6 mm long, 2.4-2.5 mm thick, longitudinally wrinkled and obliquely striate, faintly verrucose; pericarp ca. 0.5 mm thick. 
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Seeds</emphasis>
up to 5 per monocarp, in a single row, lying parallel to long axis, 10.4-11.2 mm long, 6.8-7.0 mm wide, ca. 6.7 mm thick, ellipsoid, elliptic in cross-section, truncate at micropylar end, rounded or obtuse at chalazal end, brown, smooth, dull to shiny, raphe/antiraphe not evident, micropylar scar 2.7-4 mm long, 3-3.7 mm wide, roughly circular; sarcotesta absent; aril color 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">in vivo</emphasis>
unknown, straw-colored when dried, fimbriate, extending the length of the seed, membranous, smooth.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="53" pageNumber="54" type="phenology">
<paragraph pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
<pageBreakToken pageId="53" pageNumber="54" start="start">Phenology</pageBreakToken>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Specimens with flowers have been collected in February and once in August, with large buds in January, and with fruits in October.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="53" pageNumber="54" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Distribution</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
(Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figure 15. Distributions of Xylopia aurantiiodora, X. congolensis, and X. quintasii. Bolder lines represent country borders, fainter lines lakes and major rivers." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.97.20975.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/199100" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">15</figureCitation>
). Gabon and southwestern Democratic Republic of the Congo, occurring in evergreen rainforest at 200-500 m.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="53" pageNumber="54" type="local names">
<paragraph pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Local names.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
Lukanga (
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Hauzer 18</emphasis>
), mvouma (Fang, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Hladik 1689 part A, part C</emphasis>
), ngambo (Bakota, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Hladik 1689 part C</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="53" pageNumber="54" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Additional specimens examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2018-01-01" collectingDateMax="2018-12-31" collectingDateMin="2018-01-01" collectorName="Mayombe, Tchibanga" country="GABON" location="Nyanga" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Nyanga">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
<collectingCountry name="Gabon">GABON</collectingCountry>
.
</emphasis>
<collectingRegion country="Gabon" name="Nyanga">Nyanga</collectingRegion>
: 
<collectorName>Mayombe</collectorName>
bayaka, 
<collectorName>Tchibanga</collectorName>
, 
<normalizedToken originalValue="région">region</normalizedToken>
du
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1915-02-02" collectorName="Le Testu" country="Gabon" location="Nyanga" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Nyanga">
<collectingRegion country="Gabon" name="Nyanga">Nyanga</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingDate value="1915-02-02">2 Feb 1915</collectingDate>
(fl), 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
<collectorName>Le Testu</collectorName>
2006
</emphasis>
(A, BM, MO-2 sheets, P)
</materialsCitation>
.-
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1972-02-29" collectingDateMax="2017-01-11" collectingDateMin="1972-02-29" collectorName="Hladik" country="US" elevation="500" location="Makokou" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Ogooue-Ivindo">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ogooué-Ivindo">
<collectingRegion country="Gabon" name="Ogooue-Ivindo">Ogooue-Ivindo</collectingRegion>
</normalizedToken>
: SEGC, 
<collectingDate value="2017-01-11">11 Jan 2017</collectingDate>
(buds), 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Abernethy s. n.</emphasis>
(OWU); Ipassa, vieille route, 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AE8438B55E7858B58B1E046F0E5A7FF7:5F5A6F857FE6DD46037C763193EDB056" country="US" name="Makokou" stateProvince="Ogooue-Ivindo">Makokou</location>
, 
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" unit="m" value="500.0">
<elevation metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" unit="m" value="500.0">500 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, 
<collectingDate value="1972-02-29">29 Feb 1972</collectingDate>
(fl), 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Hladik 1689 part A</emphasis>
(P); Ipassa, 
<locationDeviation location="Makokou">
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" unit="km" value="10.0">10 km</quantity>
S of Makokou
</locationDeviation>
, 
<collectingDate value="1972-02-29">29 Feb 1972</collectingDate>
(fl), 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
<collectorName>Hladik</collectorName>
1689 part C
</emphasis>
(
<collectingCountry name="United States of America">US</collectingCountry>
)
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1990-12-20" collectingDateMax="1993-08" collectingDateMin="1990-12-20" collectorName="de l'Aeroport, Tutin, de Lope-Okanda" country="United States of America" county="Station d'Etudes des Gorilles" latitude="-0.41666666" location="Reserve de Lope-Okanda" longLatPrecision="1308" longitude="11.5" municipality="Chimpanzes" specimenCount="1">
<collectingCounty>
Station 
<normalizedToken originalValue="d’Etudes">d'Etudes</normalizedToken>
des Gorilles
</collectingCounty>
et 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Chimpanzés">
<collectingMunicipality>Chimpanzes</collectingMunicipality>
</normalizedToken>
, 
<normalizedToken originalValue="forêt">foret</normalizedToken>
<collectorName>
de 
<normalizedToken originalValue="l’Aeroport">l'Aeroport</normalizedToken>
</collectorName>
, 
<collectingDate value="1993-02-02">2 Feb 1993</collectingDate>
(fl), 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
<collectorName>Tutin</collectorName>
80
</emphasis>
(MO); 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AE8438B55E7858B58B1E046F0E5A7FF7:35E81545C047BE96CCB074603DFEDD1A" country="United States of America" county="Station d'Etudes des Gorilles" latitude="-0.41666666" longLatPrecision="1308" longitude="11.5" municipality="Chimpanzes" name="Reserve de Lope-Okanda">
Reserve 
<collectorName>
de 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Lopé-Okanda">Lope-Okanda</normalizedToken>
</collectorName>
</location>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="0" direction="south" minutes="25" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-0.41666666">0°25'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="11" direction="east" minutes="30" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="11.5">11°30'E</geoCoordinate>
, 
<collectingDate value="1990-12-20">20 Dec 1990</collectingDate>
(tiny buds), 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">White [series 2] 285</emphasis>
(MO), 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AE8438B55E7858B58B1E046F0E5A7FF7:7CB13BF1F2B3CA77C459CBD3792FD796" country="United States of America" county="Station d'Etudes des Gorilles" latitude="-0.41666666" longLatPrecision="1308" longitude="11.5" municipality="Chimpanzes" name="Reserve de Lope-Okanda">
Reserve 
<collectorName>
de 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Lopé-Okanda">Lope-Okanda</normalizedToken>
</collectorName>
</location>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="0" direction="south" minutes="25" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-0.41666666">0°25'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="11" direction="east" minutes="30" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="11.5">11°30'E</geoCoordinate>
, 
<collectingDate value="1991-02-10">10 Feb 1991</collectingDate>
(fl), 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">White [series 2] 345</emphasis>
(MO); 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AE8438B55E7858B58B1E046F0E5A7FF7:60F94895601DD6B7005566792022FDC6" country="United States of America" county="Station d'Etudes des Gorilles" latitude="-0.41666666" longLatPrecision="1308" longitude="11.5" municipality="Chimpanzes" name="Lope Reserve">Lope Reserve</location>
, Pothos death site, 
<collectingDate value="1993-08">Aug 1993</collectingDate>
(fl), 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">White 960</emphasis>
(MO)
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1951-10" collectorName="Hauzer" country="DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO" location="Maduda" municipality="Kisafu" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Kongo Central">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
<collectingCountry name="Democratic Republic of the Congo">DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO</collectingCountry>
.
</emphasis>
<collectingRegion country="Democratic Republic of the Congo" name="Bas-Congo">Kongo Central</collectingRegion>
: 
<collectingMunicipality>Kisafu</collectingMunicipality>
(
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AE8438B55E7858B58B1E046F0E5A7FF7:AB00BE2BEC4AC254A4CBAB4BD0A6C98A" country="DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO" municipality="Kisafu" name="Maduda" stateProvince="Kongo Central">Maduda</location>
), 
<collectingDate value="1951-10">Oct 1951</collectingDate>
(fr), 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
<collectorName>Hauzer</collectorName>
18
</emphasis>
(BR)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
In the herbarium this species is separable with difficulty from 
<taxonomicName family="Annonaceae" genus="X." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="X. quintasii" order="Magnoliales" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" rank="species" species="quintasii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">X. quintasii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
s. s. but is more readily distinguished in the field. The flush of leaves on new growth is white (L. White and K. Abernethy, personal communication), and in central 
<collectingCountry name="Gabon">Gabon</collectingCountry>
the flowers appear mostly in February. The most striking quantitative difference is in the size of mature flowers, with the outer petals of 
<taxonomicName family="Annonaceae" genus="X." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="X. congolensis" order="Magnoliales" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" rank="species" species="congolensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">X. congolensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sometimes exceeding 
<quantity metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" unit="mm" value="20.0">20 mm</quantity>
in length. There are, however, small differences that can be discerned in herbarium material. The leaves of 
<taxonomicName family="Annonaceae" genus="X." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="X. congolensis" order="Magnoliales" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" rank="species" species="congolensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">X. congolensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
tend to be proportionally narrower than those of 
<taxonomicName family="Annonaceae" genus="X." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="X. quintasii" order="Magnoliales" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" rank="species" species="quintasii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">X. quintasii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and are usually glabrous; the decurrent ridges on the twigs are raised and persistent, the pedicels are relatively short, and the bracts are caducous well before anthesis. In the 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Lopé">Lope</normalizedToken>
Reserve field site, both species are present and have maintained discrete phenologies over a period of many years (K. Abernethy and E. Bush, personal communication). Associates of 
<taxonomicName family="Annonaceae" genus="X." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="X. congolensis" order="Magnoliales" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" rank="species" species="congolensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">X. congolensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
mentioned by collectors are species of 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Chrysobalanaceae" genus="Parinari" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Parinari" order="Malpighiales" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Parinari</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Decaisne ex Trecul" authorityYear="1847" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Moraceae" genus="Treculia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Treculia" order="Rosales" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Treculia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Sabine" authorityYear="1824" class="Monocotyledoneae" family="Marantaceae" genus="Pentadesma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pentadesma" order="Scitamineae" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Pentadesma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Hauzer 18</emphasis>
), and understory 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Sabine" authorityYear="1824" class="Monocotyledoneae" family="Marantaceae" genus="Pentadesma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Scitamineae" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="family">Marantaceae</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">White [series 2] 285</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
<bibRefCitation author="Boutique, R" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin du Jardin Botanique de l'Etat" pageId="183" pageNumber="184" refId="B21" refString="Boutique, R, 1951b. Annonaceae. Pp. 256-389 in Flore du Congo Belge et du Ruanda-Urundi: Spermatophytes, Volume 2. L'Institut National pour L'Etude Agronomique du Congo Belge, Brussels." title="Annonaceae. Pp. 256 - 389 in Flore du Congo Belge et du Ruanda-Urundi: Spermatophytes, Volume 2. L'Institut National pour L'Etude Agronomique du Congo Belge, Brussels." year="1951 b">Boutique (1951b)</bibRefCitation>
expressed the opinion that 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ulmaceae" genus="Xylopia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Xylopia congolensis" order="Magnoliales" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="congolensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Xylopia congolensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was not necessarily conspecific with 
<taxonomicName family="Annonaceae" genus="X." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="X. quintasii" order="Magnoliales" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" rank="species" species="quintasii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">X. quintasii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, calling attention to the smaller seeds and shorter aril of the 
<typeStatus>type</typeStatus>
specimen. While the fruits and seeds on the 
<typeStatus>type</typeStatus>
specimen of 
<taxonomicName family="Annonaceae" genus="X." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="X. congolensis" order="Magnoliales" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" rank="species" species="congolensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">X. congolensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are immature, thus accounting for these differences, the specimen shows vegetative features that place it with a number of specimens from 
<collectingCountry name="Gabon">Gabon</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>