163 lines
19 KiB
XML
163 lines
19 KiB
XML
<document id="7FCA3AF5C2F64F79A2154808C3BC3427" ID-CLB-Dataset="28045" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4508.2.9" ID-GBIF-Dataset="72412182-ef97-4b7a-9a44-54d42ba532a1" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="2607088" ID-ZooBank="47E77D58-680A-411E-884F-955EE996F42F" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1553585916521" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Haran, Julien" docDate="2018" docId="A72C87E1FFAB5F69FF5CCDD4A6A2942D" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4508.2.9.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4508 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Smicronyx albosquamosus Wollaston 1854" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="278" masterDocId="5B15FF99FFA05F62FFCBCE23A208930F" masterDocTitle="A review of the genus Smicronyx Schoenherr (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Curculioninae) in tropical Africa" masterLastPageNumber="287" masterPageNumber="267" pageNumber="278" updateTime="1698713030269" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo id="C32387EF67C866F18BE5C9FDE776FA96">
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<mods:title id="F55604712E1854209686C26286B93F77">A review of the genus Smicronyx Schoenherr (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Curculioninae) in tropical Africa</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="469A5F93E215643F4068B090CEA96143" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="2C848420FA9AB4B3AD9FB4E86A2C541A">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="791E1DA874919D0DF822F4B78A00795C">Haran, Julien</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="3E9AD9AB23F6C69E5718C803564D3FB3">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="1861DB05B7805711E85F8649EBD036F7">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="21E6A37D87676BDC261909E1ADCA8600">
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<mods:date id="97EA9619B4435BA87E8BA4239938B63F">2018</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="CE63DA55E7D933EF16B3399353473C2C">2018-10-31</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="3637E086079E406E04A880AD1625F3EA">4508</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="233E6008793A328FDCE55A63FBDE61F9">2</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="72D90F9EBE123C0D23004D93D34FCA45" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4508.2.9</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="A72C87E1FFAB5F69FF5CCDD4A6A2942D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5996804" ID-GBIF-Taxon="154495828" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5996804" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A72C87E1FFAB5F69FF5CCDD4A6A2942D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/A72C87E1FFAB5F69FF5CCDD4A6A2942D" lastPageNumber="278" pageId="11" pageNumber="278">
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<subSubSection id="679F657CFFAB5F69FF5CCDD4A0A0971D" box="[151,680,1015,1042]" pageId="11" pageNumber="278" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="2F3A36F7FFAB5F69FF5CCDD4A0A0971D" blockId="11.[151,680,1015,1075]" box="[151,680,1015,1042]" pageId="11" pageNumber="278">
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<heading id="7472819BFFAB5F69FF5CCDD4A0A0971D" bold="true" box="[151,680,1015,1042]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="278" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="E8854D74FFAB5F69FF5CCDD4A0A0971D" ID-CoL="4XVV8" authority="Wollaston, 1854" authorityName="Wollaston" authorityYear="1854" box="[151,680,1015,1042]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Smicronyx" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="278" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="albosquamosus">
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<emphasis id="1DF1EAE5FFAB5F69FF5CCDD4A0A0971D" bold="true" box="[151,680,1015,1042]" pageId="11" pageNumber="278">
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<emphasis id="1DF1EAE5FFAB5F69FF5CCDD4A3D1971E" bold="true" box="[151,473,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="278">Smicronyx albosquamosus</emphasis>
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Wollaston, 1854
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="679F657CFFAB5F69FF5CCA39A358973C" box="[151,336,1050,1075]" pageId="11" pageNumber="278" type="description">
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<paragraph id="2F3A36F7FFAB5F69FF5CCA39A358973C" blockId="11.[151,680,1015,1075]" box="[151,336,1050,1075]" pageId="11" pageNumber="278">
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<figureCitation id="B7BE2A72FFAB5F69FF5CCA39A2FB973C" box="[151,243,1050,1075]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1869,1891]" captionTargetBox="[223,1364,389,1818]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[177,1399,389,1871]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Habitus of species of Smicronyx from tropical Africa (Part 1). A. Smicronyx bisignatus Hoffmann, holotype ♂. B. S. remaudierei Hoffmann, holotype ♂. C. S. adjamati, sp. n., holotype ♂. D. S. crassithorax sp. n., paratype ♀. E. S. zambianus sp. n. holotype ♂. F. S. syriacus Faust, specimen from Israel (♂). G. S. gossypii Marshall, holotype ♂. H. S. albosquamosus Wollaston, specimen from Israel (♂). I. S. pauperculus Wollaston, specimen from Tanzania (♂). J. S. rufus sp. n., holotype ♂. K. S. zonatus sp. n., holotype ♂. L. S. kenyanus sp. n., holotype ♂. Scale bars (A to L): 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2607090/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="278">Figs 1H</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="B7BE2A72FFAB5F69FF35CA38A32A973C" box="[254,290,1051,1075]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1905,1927]" captionTargetBox="[197,1395,245,1864]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[166,1433,199,1864]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Head and prothorax in lateral view of species of Smicronyx from tropical Africa (Part 1). A. Smicronyx bisignatus Hoffmann, holotype ♂. B. S. remaudierei Hoffmann, holotype ♂. C. S. adjamati, sp. n., holotype ♂. D. S. crassithorax sp. n., paratype ♀. E. S. zambianus sp. n. holotype ♂. F. S. syriacus Faust, specimen from Israel (♂). G. S. gossypii Marshall, holotype ♂. H. S. albosquamosus Wollaston, specimen from Israel (♂)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2607094/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="278">3H</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="B7BE2A72FFAB5F69FEE5CA39A358973C" box="[302,336,1050,1075]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1825,1847]" captionTargetBox="[196,1389,189,1792]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[165,1416,189,1815]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Penis of Smicronyx from tropical Africa, in dorsal (left) and lateral (right) view. A. Smicronyx bisignatus Hoffmann, holotype ♂. B. S. remaudierei Hoffmann, holotype ♂. C. S. adjamati, sp. n., holotype ♂. D. S. crassithorax sp. n., paratype ♀. E. S. zambianus sp. n. holotype ♂. F. S. syriacus Faust, specimen from Israel (♂). G. S. gossypii Marshall, holotype ♂. H. S. albosquamosus Wollaston, specimen from Israel (♂). I. S. pauperculus Wollaston, specimen from Tanzania (♂). J. S. rufus sp. n., holotype ♂. K. S. zonatus sp. n., holotype ♂. L. S. kenyanus sp. n., holotype ♂. M. S. namibicus sp. n., holotype ♂. N. S. kiboanus Voss, paratype ♂. O. S. guineanus Voss, specimen from Senegal (♂). P. S. buchnerae sp. n., holotype ♂. Scale bars (A to N): 100 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2607098/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="278">5H</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="679F657CFFAB5F69FF5CCA40A08D9777" box="[151,645,1122,1144]" pageId="11" pageNumber="278" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="2F3A36F7FFAB5F69FF5CCA40A08D9777" blockId="11.[151,645,1122,1144]" box="[151,645,1122,1144]" pageId="11" pageNumber="278">
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<taxonomicName id="E8854D74FFAB5F69FF5CCA40A08D9777" ID-CoL="4XVV8" authority="Wollaston, 1854: 345" authorityName="Wollaston" authorityPageNumber="345" authorityYear="1854" box="[151,645,1122,1144]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Smicronyx" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="278" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="albosquamosus">
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<emphasis id="1DF1EAE5FFAB5F69FF5CCA40A3AC9777" box="[151,420,1122,1144]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="278">Smicronyx albosquamosus</emphasis>
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Wollaston, 1854: 345
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="679F657CFFAB5F69FF5CCA86A3249609" pageId="11" pageNumber="278" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="2F3A36F7FFAB5F69FF5CCA86A3249609" blockId="11.[151,1436,1189,1826]" pageId="11" pageNumber="278">
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||
<emphasis id="1DF1EAE5FFAB5F69FF5CCA86A04097B1" bold="true" box="[151,584,1189,1214]" pageId="11" pageNumber="278">Material examined. Canary Islands</emphasis>
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, La Gomera, Vallehermoso, ca
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<quantity id="E87D9B12FFAB5F69FC76CA85A1F797B1" box="[957,1023,1190,1214]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="278" unit="m" value="300.0">300m</quantity>
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,
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<date id="5B3B1037FFAB5F69FBC5CA86A69897B1" box="[1038,1168,1189,1214]" pageId="11" pageNumber="278" value="2005-12-25">25.xii.2005</date>
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||
, P. M. Hammond (
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||
<specimenCount id="3983FD7EFFAB5F69FABFCA85A79E97B1" box="[1396,1430,1190,1214]" pageId="11" pageNumber="278" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
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, BMNH).
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<materialsCitation id="9FED3CAAFFAB5F69FECDCAEAA3209609" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2028138931" collectingDate="2006-11-27" collectionCode="FFWS" collectorName="Z. Jindra" country="Zambia" county="Tanganvika" elevation="900" location="Kalambo falls" municipality="Zambia-Tanzania" pageId="11" pageNumber="278" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1">
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||
<emphasis id="1DF1EAE5FFAB5F69FECDCAEAA36B97ED" bold="true" box="[262,355,1225,1250]" pageId="11" pageNumber="278">
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||
<collectingCountry id="57927667FFAB5F69FECDCAEAA36B97ED" box="[262,355,1225,1250]" name="Zambia" pageId="11" pageNumber="278">Zambia</collectingCountry>
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</emphasis>
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||
,
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||
<location id="2A5A602CFFAB5F69FEBFCAEAA01197ED" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A72C87E1FFAB5F69FF5CCDD4A6A2942D:2A5A602CFFAB5F69FEBFCAEAA01197ED" box="[372,537,1225,1250]" country="Zambia" county="Tanganvika" municipality="Zambia-Tanzania" name="Kalambo falls" pageId="11" pageNumber="278">Kalambo falls</location>
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,
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<collectingMunicipality id="CF5EAC8DFFAB5F69FDECCAEAA0E397ED" box="[551,747,1225,1250]" pageId="11" pageNumber="278">Zambia-Tanzania</collectingMunicipality>
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border,
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<collectingCounty id="C65B4E7BFFAB5F69FC84CAEAA1D997ED" box="[847,977,1225,1250]" pageId="11" pageNumber="278">Tanganvika</collectingCounty>
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env.,
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<quantity id="E87D9B12FFAB5F69FBD0CAE9A66097EE" box="[1051,1128,1226,1250]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="278" unit="m" value="900.0">
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<elevation id="A4A8D1C4FFAB5F69FBD0CAE9A66097EE" box="[1051,1128,1226,1250]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="278" unit="m" value="900.0">900 m</elevation>
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</quantity>
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,
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<date id="5B3B1037FFAB5F69FBBCCAEAA6F997ED" box="[1143,1265,1225,1250]" pageId="11" pageNumber="278" value="2006-11-27">
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<collectingDate id="4B7FE9DFFFAB5F69FBBCCAEAA6F997ED" box="[1143,1265,1225,1250]" pageId="11" pageNumber="278" value="2006-11-27">27.xi.2006</collectingDate>
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</date>
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,
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<collectorName id="82705321FFAB5F69FACACAE9A76F97ED" box="[1281,1383,1225,1250]" pageId="11" pageNumber="278">Z. Jindra</collectorName>
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leg. (
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<specimenCount id="3983FD7EFFAB5F69FF68CACDA2CC9609" box="[163,196,1262,1286]" pageId="11" pageNumber="278" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
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,
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<collectionCode id="4994AE32FFAB5F69FF1ACACDA3289609" box="[209,288,1262,1286]" pageId="11" pageNumber="278">FFWS</collectionCode>
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)
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="679F657CFFAB5F69FF0CCB32A385959D" pageId="11" pageNumber="278" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="2F3A36F7FFAB5F69FF0CCB32A6BE9545" blockId="11.[151,1436,1189,1826]" pageId="11" pageNumber="278">
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||
<emphasis id="1DF1EAE5FFAB5F69FF0CCB32A3329625" bold="true" box="[199,314,1297,1322]" pageId="11" pageNumber="278">Diagnosis</emphasis>
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. Body length 2.0–
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<quantity id="E87D9B12FFAB5F69FDEACB31A0779626" box="[545,639,1298,1322]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" pageId="11" pageNumber="278" unit="mm" value="2.1">2.1 mm</quantity>
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||
.
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<emphasis id="1DF1EAE5FFAB5F69FD5ACB32A0EB9625" bold="true" box="[657,739,1297,1322]" pageId="11" pageNumber="278">Colour</emphasis>
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. Body integument black; vestiture of elytra consisting of recumbent, slightly overlapping brown scales, slightly longer than wide, concealing integument, and white scales usually forming a pale oblique band between humeri and apical third of elytral suture.
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<emphasis id="1DF1EAE5FFAB5F69FBA3CB7AA6A0967D" bold="true" box="[1128,1192,1369,1394]" pageId="11" pageNumber="278">Head</emphasis>
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. Rostrum moderately downcurved in lateral view, as long as head capsule + prothorax.
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<emphasis id="1DF1EAE5FFAB5F69FC4FCB5EA1F69699" bold="true" box="[900,1022,1405,1430]" pageId="11" pageNumber="278">Prothorax</emphasis>
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. Slightly wider than long (w/l ratio: 1.15), sides moderately rounded in basal 2/3, constricted in apical 1/3, with spots of whitish scales near humeri and at base near scutellum.
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<emphasis id="1DF1EAE5FFAB5F69FE61CBE6A3FE96D1" bold="true" box="[426,502,1477,1502]" pageId="11" pageNumber="278">Elytra</emphasis>
|
||
. Subparallel in basal two-thirds (w/l ratio: 0.65), rounded toward apex in apical third.
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<emphasis id="1DF1EAE5FFAB5F69FF12CBCAA319950D" bold="true" box="[217,273,1513,1538]" pageId="11" pageNumber="278">Legs</emphasis>
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. Covered with white and brown scales; femora moderately clavate, armed with small but distinct ventral tooth, tibiae straight; claws unequal in length, at least for fore tarsi.
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<emphasis id="1DF1EAE5FFAB5F69FC7BC82EA6169529" bold="true" box="[944,1054,1549,1574]" pageId="11" pageNumber="278">Genitalia</emphasis>
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. Penis elongate (w/l ratio: 0.30), sides straight, subparallel, converging near apex; curvature moderate in lateral view (
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<figureCitation id="B7BE2A72FFAB5F69FB9BC812A6A29545" box="[1104,1194,1585,1610]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1825,1847]" captionTargetBox="[196,1389,189,1792]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[165,1416,189,1815]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Penis of Smicronyx from tropical Africa, in dorsal (left) and lateral (right) view. A. Smicronyx bisignatus Hoffmann, holotype ♂. B. S. remaudierei Hoffmann, holotype ♂. C. S. adjamati, sp. n., holotype ♂. D. S. crassithorax sp. n., paratype ♀. E. S. zambianus sp. n. holotype ♂. F. S. syriacus Faust, specimen from Israel (♂). G. S. gossypii Marshall, holotype ♂. H. S. albosquamosus Wollaston, specimen from Israel (♂). I. S. pauperculus Wollaston, specimen from Tanzania (♂). J. S. rufus sp. n., holotype ♂. K. S. zonatus sp. n., holotype ♂. L. S. kenyanus sp. n., holotype ♂. M. S. namibicus sp. n., holotype ♂. N. S. kiboanus Voss, paratype ♂. O. S. guineanus Voss, specimen from Senegal (♂). P. S. buchnerae sp. n., holotype ♂. Scale bars (A to N): 100 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2607098/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="278">Fig. 5H</figureCitation>
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).
|
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</paragraph>
|
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<paragraph id="2F3A36F7FFAB5F69FF0CC876A385959D" blockId="11.[151,1436,1189,1826]" pageId="11" pageNumber="278">
|
||
<emphasis id="1DF1EAE5FFAB5F69FF0CC876A3589561" bold="true" box="[199,336,1621,1646]" pageId="11" pageNumber="278">Life history</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E8854D74FFAB5F69FE96C875A02E9561" authorityName="Wollaston" authorityYear="1854" box="[349,550,1621,1646]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Smicronyx" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="278" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="albosquamosus">
|
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<emphasis id="1DF1EAE5FFAB5F69FE96C875A02E9561" box="[349,550,1621,1646]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="278">S. albosquamosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
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is found on
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<taxonomicName id="E8854D74FFAB5F69FD7BC875A1049562" box="[688,780,1622,1645]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Convolvulaceae" genus="Cuscuta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="11" pageNumber="278" phylum="Magnoliopsida" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1DF1EAE5FFAB5F69FD7BC875A1049562" box="[688,780,1622,1645]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="278">Cuscuta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp. in the Mediterranean region. Adults were collected in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="57927667FFAB5F69FF5CC85AA2E4959D" box="[151,236,1657,1682]" name="Zambia" pageId="11" pageNumber="278">Zambia</collectingCountry>
|
||
in November.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="679F657CFFAB5F69FF0CC8BEA01595D5" pageId="11" pageNumber="278" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="2F3A36F7FFAB5F69FF0CC8BEA01595D5" blockId="11.[151,1436,1189,1826]" pageId="11" pageNumber="278">
|
||
<emphasis id="1DF1EAE5FFAB5F69FF0CC8BEA36895B9" bold="true" box="[199,352,1693,1718]" pageId="11" pageNumber="278">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
This species is widely distributed throughout the Mediterranean basin. It is here reported here for the first time in tropical Africa.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="679F657CFFAB5F69FF0CC8C6A6A2942D" pageId="11" pageNumber="278" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="2F3A36F7FFAB5F69FF0CC8C6A6A2942D" blockId="11.[151,1436,1189,1826]" pageId="11" pageNumber="278">
|
||
<emphasis id="1DF1EAE5FFAB5F69FF0CC8C6A34495F1" bold="true" box="[199,332,1765,1790]" pageId="11" pageNumber="278">Discussion.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E8854D74FFAB5F69FE98C8C5A07495F1" authorityName="Wollaston" authorityYear="1854" box="[339,636,1765,1790]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Smicronyx" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="278" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="albosquamosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1DF1EAE5FFAB5F69FE98C8C5A07495F1" box="[339,636,1765,1790]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="278">Smicronyx albosquamosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be distinguished from other species of tropical Africa by its claws, which are unequal in length, at least for the fore tarsi (claws equal in length in other species).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |