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<document id="921772F9D7D613C6B6161E75E17B816E" ID-DOI="10.1080/00222930310001647334" ID-ISSN="1464-5262" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4653689" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1617217469113" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="Kott, Patricia" docDate="2004" docId="A1678788FFBAFF29815B42AFFDFEA195" docLanguage="en" docName="JNATHIST.38.731-774.pdf" docOrigin="Journal of Natural History 38 (19)" docSource="http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00222930310001647334" docStyle="DocumentStyle:443144A73DAE3E092C51A378E4CD0138.2:JNatHist.2003-2004.journal_article.1cover" docStyleId="443144A73DAE3E092C51A378E4CD0138" docStyleName="JNatHist.2003-2004.journal_article.1cover" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Trididemnum nobile Kott 2001" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="764" masterDocId="5D5EFFF0FF9BFF0B833D407FFFF7A27E" masterDocTitle="New and little-known species of Didemnidae (Ascidiacea, Tunicata) from Australia (part I)" masterLastPageNumber="774" masterPageNumber="731" pageNumber="763" updateTime="1698898381800" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="22EDD1E77CA7B1EC1EF8CC23154AE013">New and little-known species of Didemnidae (Ascidiacea, Tunicata) from Australia (part I)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="9976DDF76C98AB1F00E74B436CE61467">Kott, Patricia</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="771B8000CDEB01284EC8BAB3FBBAAD15">2004</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="C199D903FE3853213A972BFB7404D50B">2004-03-20</mods:number>
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<subSubSection id="61D46515FFBAFF2A815B42AFFC30A097" box="[614,967,720,745]" pageId="33" pageNumber="763" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="2971369EFFBAFF2A815B42AFFC30A097" blockId="33.[313,967,720,836]" box="[614,967,720,745]" pageId="33" pageNumber="763">
<heading id="723981F2FFBAFF2A815B42AFFC30A097" box="[614,967,720,745]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="33" pageNumber="763" reason="3">
<taxonomicName id="EECE4D1DFFBAFF2A815B42AFFC30A097" authority="Kott, 2001" authorityName="Kott" authorityYear="2001" box="[614,967,720,745]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Trididemnum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="33" pageNumber="763" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nobile">
<emphasis id="1BBAEA8CFFBAFF2A815B42AFFCB4A096" bold="true" box="[614,835,720,744]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="763">Trididemnum nobile</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="4D5F4B6FFFBAFF2A807142AEFC30A097" author="KOTT, P." box="[844,967,721,745]" pageId="33" pageNumber="763" pagination="1 - 407" refId="ref21209" refString="KOTT, P., 2001, The Australian Ascidiacea Pt 4, Aplousobranchia (3) Didemnidae, Memoirs of the Queensland Museum, 47 (1), 1 - 407." type="journal article" year="2001">Kott, 2001</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="61D46515FFBAFF2A81FF428EFC9CA177" box="[706,875,753,777]" pageId="33" pageNumber="763" type="description">
<paragraph id="2971369EFFBAFF2A81FF428EFC9CA177" blockId="33.[313,967,720,836]" box="[706,875,753,777]" pageId="33" pageNumber="763">
(
<figureCitation id="B1F52A1BFFBAFF2A81F4428EFCDBA177" box="[713,812,753,777]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="32.[313,329,861,882]" captionTargetBox="[395,1185,180,831]" captionTargetId="figure-4@32.[392,1188,178,834]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIG. 17. Trididemnum discrepans (WAM 183.93): (A) larva. Trididemnum nobile (SAM E2902): (B) thorax; (C) larva; (D) spicules. Scales: (AC) 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4653725" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4653725/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="763">figure 17</figureCitation>
BD)
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="61D46515FFBAFF2A8204436CFC72A13D" pageId="33" pageNumber="763" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="2971369EFFBAFF2A8204436CFCB8A156" blockId="33.[313,967,720,836]" box="[313,847,787,809]" pageId="33" pageNumber="763">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="09DE11B0FFBAFF2A8204436CFCB8A156" box="[313,847,787,809]" pageId="33" pageNumber="763">
<treatmentCitation id="A86F108FFFBAFF2A8204436CFD5EA156" author="KOTT, P." box="[313,681,787,808]" page="272" pageId="33" pageNumber="763" year="2001">
<taxonomicName id="EECE4D1DFFBAFF2A8204436CFD5EA156" authority="Kott, 2001: 272" authorityName="Kott" authorityPageNumber="272" authorityYear="2001" box="[313,681,787,808]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Trididemnum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="33" pageNumber="763" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nobile">
<emphasis id="1BBAEA8CFFBAFF2A8204436CFDF7A156" box="[313,512,787,808]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="763">Trididemnum nobile</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="4D5F4B6FFFBAFF2A8135436CFD5EA156" author="KOTT, P." box="[520,681,787,808]" pageId="33" pageNumber="763" pagination="1 - 407" refId="ref21209" refString="KOTT, P., 2001, The Australian Ascidiacea Pt 4, Aplousobranchia (3) Didemnidae, Memoirs of the Queensland Museum, 47 (1), 1 - 407." type="journal article" year="2001">Kott, 2001: 272</bibRefCitation>
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and synonymy.
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2971369EFFBAFF2A82044351FC72A13D" blockId="33.[313,967,720,836]" box="[313,901,814,836]" pageId="33" pageNumber="763">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="09DE11B0FFBAFF2A82044351FC72A13D" box="[313,901,814,836]" pageId="33" pageNumber="763">
<treatmentCitation id="A86F108FFFBAFF2A82044351FD28A13D" author="KOTT, P." box="[313,735,814,835]" page="289" pageId="33" pageNumber="763" year="2001">
<taxonomicName id="EECE4D1DFFBAFF2A82044351FD28A13D" authority="Kott, 2001: 289" authorityName="Kott" authorityPageNumber="289" authorityYear="2001" box="[313,735,814,835]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Trididemnum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="33" pageNumber="763" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vermiforme">
<emphasis id="1BBAEA8CFFBAFF2A82044351FDC1A13D" box="[313,566,814,835]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="763">Trididemnum vermiforme</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="4D5F4B6FFFBAFF2A81034351FD28A13D" author="KOTT, P." box="[574,735,814,835]" pageId="33" pageNumber="763" pagination="1 - 407" refId="ref21209" refString="KOTT, P., 2001, The Australian Ascidiacea Pt 4, Aplousobranchia (3) Didemnidae, Memoirs of the Queensland Museum, 47 (1), 1 - 407." type="journal article" year="2001">Kott, 2001: 289</bibRefCitation>
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and synonymy.
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</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="61D46515FFBAFF29825C4317FE79A392" lastPageId="34" lastPageNumber="764" pageId="33" pageNumber="763" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="2971369EFFBAFF2A825C4317FDACA65C" blockId="33.[313,1269,872,1736]" pageId="33" pageNumber="763">
<emphasis id="1BBAEA8CFFBAFF2A825C4317FE19A1FE" box="[353,494,872,896]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="763">Distribution.</emphasis>
New records:
<collectingRegion id="EB0AF87CFFBAFF2A818D4317FC99A1FE" box="[688,878,872,896]" country="Australia" name="South Australia" pageId="33" pageNumber="763">South Australia</collectingRegion>
(Kangaroo I., SAM E29012, E2918);
<collectingRegion id="EB0AF87CFFBAFF2A82A643F7FDFEA1DE" box="[411,521,904,928]" country="Australia" name="Tasmania" pageId="33" pageNumber="763">Tasmania</collectingRegion>
(Triabunna, SAM E2904). Previously recorded (see
<bibRefCitation id="4D5F4B6FFFBAFF2A875B43F6FB1FA1DF" author="KOTT, P." box="[1126,1256,905,929]" pageId="33" pageNumber="763" pagination="1 - 407" refId="ref21209" refString="KOTT, P., 2001, The Australian Ascidiacea Pt 4, Aplousobranchia (3) Didemnidae, Memoirs of the Queensland Museum, 47 (1), 1 - 407." type="journal article" year="2001">Kott, 2001</bibRefCitation>
):
<collectingRegion id="EB0AF87CFFBAFF2A820443D6FDFDA1BF" box="[313,522,937,961]" country="Australia" name="Western Australia" pageId="33" pageNumber="763">Western Australia</collectingRegion>
(Port Hedland, Cervantes);
<collectingRegion id="EB0AF87CFFBAFF2A805C43D6FBEEA1BF" box="[865,1049,937,961]" country="Australia" name="South Australia" pageId="33" pageNumber="763">South Australia</collectingRegion>
(Great Australian Bight, Sir Joseph Banks Is, Reevesby I. West I., Pearson I., Port Bonython, Gulf St Vincent, Investigator Strait, Willunga Reef);
<collectingRegion id="EB0AF87CFFBAFF2A80734396FC5DA67F" box="[846,938,1001,1025]" country="Australia" name="Victoria" pageId="33" pageNumber="763">Victoria</collectingRegion>
(Phillip I., Portsea, Lorne);
<collectingRegion id="EB0AF87CFFBAFF2A82044475FE49A65C" box="[313,446,1034,1058]" country="Australia" name="Queensland" pageId="33" pageNumber="763">Queensland</collectingRegion>
(Caloundra).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2971369EFFBAFF2A825C4454FD77A7BB" blockId="33.[313,1269,872,1736]" pageId="33" pageNumber="763">
<emphasis id="1BBAEA8CFFBAFF2A825C4454FE17A63C" box="[353,480,1067,1090]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="763">Description</emphasis>
. The colonies are the usual hemispherical masses with narrow branches fusing with other parts of the surface forming a complex reticulum enclosing secondary spaces lined with parts of the outer surface. The common cloacal cavity is vast, usually surrounding a central test core, but sometimes the colony lobes lack a central core and have an uninterrupted, open, central cavity. The secondary spaces inside the colony together with the large posterior abdominal cavities result in sponge-like colonies riddled with cavities of one sort or another. One specimen (SAM E2901) is aspiculate and translucent but the others have patches of sparsely distributed spicules in the surface and throughout the colony. Zooids, with black squamous epithelium especially on the anterior part of the thorax, show through the white spicules. Occasionally some sand is included in the test. Spicules are to
<quantity id="EE369B7BFFBAFF2A820445F2FE6FA7DB" box="[313,408,1421,1445]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="33" pageNumber="763" unit="mm" value="0.09">0.09 mm</quantity>
diameter, and have seven to nine conical and occasionally truncated rays in optical transverse section.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2971369EFFBAFF29825C45B1FE6AA293" blockId="33.[313,1269,872,1736]" lastBlockId="34.[313,1269,181,1003]" lastPageId="34" lastPageNumber="764" pageId="33" pageNumber="763">
Zooids have 10 rectangular stigmata in the anterior row, and 10 coils of the vas deferens around the spherical undivided testis. A large circular lateral organ is opposite the dorsal end of the third row of stigmata. Larvae are in the test behind the zooids (in the central core when that is present). The trunk (
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long) has three long, slender spoon-tipped lateral ampullae each side of the three anteromedian adhesive organs. The concavity of the spoon is directed outwards. A long external horizontal ampulla projects back across the posterior end of the oozooid thorax on the left. Ten stigmata are in the anterior row of the three in the oozooid. A large spherical yolk mass is in the usual position for this genus, in front of the oozooid.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2971369EFFB9FF29825C408AFE79A392" blockId="34.[313,1269,181,1003]" pageId="34" pageNumber="764">
<emphasis id="1BBAEA8CFFB9FF29825C408AFE33A373" box="[353,452,245,269]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="764">Remarks</emphasis>
.
<bibRefCitation id="4D5F4B6FFFB9FF2982EF408AFDACA373" author="KOTT, P." box="[466,603,245,269]" pageId="34" pageNumber="764" pagination="1 - 407" refId="ref21209" refString="KOTT, P., 2001, The Australian Ascidiacea Pt 4, Aplousobranchia (3) Didemnidae, Memoirs of the Queensland Museum, 47 (1), 1 - 407." type="journal article" year="2001">Kott (2001)</bibRefCitation>
did not discuss the differences between aspiculate colonies of the present species and the other aspiculate species of the genus,
<taxonomicName id="EECE4D1DFFB9FF298775416AFDF1A333" authority=": Kott, 2001" authorityName=": Kott" authorityYear="2001" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Trididemnum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="34" pageNumber="764" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pseudodiplosoma">
<emphasis id="1BBAEA8CFFB9FF298775416AFE85A332" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="764">T. pseudodiplosoma</emphasis>
:
<bibRefCitation id="4D5F4B6FFFB9FF2982B8414AFDF1A333" author="KOTT, P." box="[389,518,309,333]" pageId="34" pageNumber="764" pagination="1 - 407" refId="ref21209" refString="KOTT, P., 2001, The Australian Ascidiacea Pt 4, Aplousobranchia (3) Didemnidae, Memoirs of the Queensland Museum, 47 (1), 1 - 407." type="journal article" year="2001">Kott, 2001</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. The latter species sometimes has complex, translucent colonies similar to the present species, but the larvae are dramatically different, those of the present species being simple without blastozooids and with only three pairs of ectodermal ampullae. Also,
<taxonomicName id="EECE4D1DFFB9FF2981B141EAFC9AA3D2" authorityName=": Kott" authorityYear="2001" box="[652,877,404,428]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Trididemnum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="34" pageNumber="764" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pseudodiplosoma">
<emphasis id="1BBAEA8CFFB9FF2981B141EAFC9AA3D2" box="[652,877,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="764">T. pseudodiplosoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has only eight coils of the vas deferens and lacks the extensive posterior abdominal cloacal cavities of the present species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="61D46515FFB9FF29825C418BFDFEA195" pageId="34" pageNumber="764" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="2971369EFFB9FF29825C418BFCF8A1F4" blockId="34.[313,1269,181,1003]" pageId="34" pageNumber="764">
<taxonomicName id="EECE4D1DFFB9FF29825C418BFCF4A072" authority="Kott, 2001" authorityName="Kott" authorityYear="2001" box="[353,771,500,524]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Trididemnum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="34" pageNumber="764" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vermiforme">
<emphasis id="1BBAEA8CFFB9FF29825C418BFD8CA072" box="[353,635,500,524]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="764">Trididemnum vermiforme</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="4D5F4B6FFFB9FF2981BB418BFCF4A072" author="KOTT, P." box="[646,771,500,524]" pageId="34" pageNumber="764" pagination="1 - 407" refId="ref21209" refString="KOTT, P., 2001, The Australian Ascidiacea Pt 4, Aplousobranchia (3) Didemnidae, Memoirs of the Queensland Museum, 47 (1), 1 - 407." type="journal article" year="2001">Kott, 2001</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
has the same complex colony, same sized larvae with three pairs of larval ectodermal ampullae with spoon-shaped tips, similar zooids with dark squamous epithelium especially anteriorly, 10 coils of the vas deferens and stellate spicules with seven to nine conical rays in optical transverse section.
<bibRefCitation id="4D5F4B6FFFB9FF2982A4420BFDD3A0F2" author="KOTT, P." box="[409,548,628,652]" pageId="34" pageNumber="764" pagination="1 - 407" refId="ref21209" refString="KOTT, P., 2001, The Australian Ascidiacea Pt 4, Aplousobranchia (3) Didemnidae, Memoirs of the Queensland Museum, 47 (1), 1 - 407." type="journal article" year="2001">Kott (2001)</bibRefCitation>
distinguished this species from
<taxonomicName id="EECE4D1DFFB9FF2980A5420BFC0AA0F5" authorityName="Kott" authorityYear="2001" box="[920,1021,627,651]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Trididemnum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="34" pageNumber="764" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nobile">
<emphasis id="1BBAEA8CFFB9FF2980A5420BFC0AA0F5" box="[920,1021,627,651]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="764">T. nobile</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by its larger spicules and their presence throughout the colony and the presence of a central common cloacal cavity without a central test core. The larger spicules (
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diameter) were detected in one of the newly recorded specimens (SAM E2904). The presence of central common cloacal cavities and central test core is variable, as is the distribution of spicules through the colony. On re-examination of the
<typeStatus id="F675883CFFB9FF2987F9436CFB03A155" box="[1220,1268,787,811]" pageId="34" pageNumber="764">type</typeStatus>
specimens of both
<taxonomicName id="EECE4D1DFFB9FF29812C434BFD83A135" authorityName="Kott" authorityYear="2001" box="[529,628,819,843]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Trididemnum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="34" pageNumber="764" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nobile">
<emphasis id="1BBAEA8CFFB9FF29812C434BFD83A135" box="[529,628,819,843]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="764">T. nobile</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="EECE4D1DFFB9FF29818D434BFCB8A135" authorityName="Kott" authorityYear="2001" box="[688,847,819,843]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Trididemnum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="34" pageNumber="764" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vermiforme">
<emphasis id="1BBAEA8CFFB9FF29818D434BFCB8A135" box="[688,847,819,843]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="764">T. vermiforme</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 10 stigmata have been found in the anterior row in both larval and adult thoraces.
<bibRefCitation id="4D5F4B6FFFB9FF29805A432CFC04A115" author="KOTT, P." box="[871,1011,851,875]" pageId="34" pageNumber="764" pagination="1 - 407" refId="ref21209" refString="KOTT, P., 2001, The Australian Ascidiacea Pt 4, Aplousobranchia (3) Didemnidae, Memoirs of the Queensland Museum, 47 (1), 1 - 407." type="journal article" year="2001">Kott (2001)</bibRefCitation>
appears to have been mistaken in reporting eight for
<taxonomicName id="EECE4D1DFFB9FF298199430CFCFFA1F5" authorityName="Kott" authorityYear="2001" box="[676,776,883,907]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Trididemnum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="34" pageNumber="764" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nobile">
<emphasis id="1BBAEA8CFFB9FF298199430CFCFFA1F5" box="[676,776,883,907]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="764">T. nobile</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2971369EFFB9FF29825C43EDFDFEA195" blockId="34.[313,1269,181,1003]" pageId="34" pageNumber="764">
<taxonomicName id="EECE4D1DFFB9FF29825C43EDFD1EA1D5" authority="Kott, 2001" authorityName="Kott" authorityYear="2001" box="[353,745,914,939]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Trididemnum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="34" pageNumber="764" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="caelatum">
<emphasis id="1BBAEA8CFFB9FF29825C43EDFD95A1D4" box="[353,610,914,938]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="764">Trididemnum caelatum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="4D5F4B6FFFB9FF29815143ECFD1EA1D5" author="KOTT, P." box="[620,745,915,939]" pageId="34" pageNumber="764" pagination="1 - 407" refId="ref21209" refString="KOTT, P., 2001, The Australian Ascidiacea Pt 4, Aplousobranchia (3) Didemnidae, Memoirs of the Queensland Museum, 47 (1), 1 - 407." type="journal article" year="2001">Kott, 2001</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
has similar but larger larvae than
<taxonomicName id="EECE4D1DFFB9FF2987BA43ECFB1AA1D4" authorityName="Kott" authorityYear="2001" box="[1159,1261,914,938]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Trididemnum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="34" pageNumber="764" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nobile">
<emphasis id="1BBAEA8CFFB9FF2987BA43ECFB1AA1D4" box="[1159,1261,914,938]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="764">T. nobile</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, with the same spoon-shaped lateral ampullae, but it has a thin sheet-like colony and more spicule rays.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>