138 lines
17 KiB
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138 lines
17 KiB
XML
<document id="FDE92714757891B1C4C85743E16037D4" ID-DOI="10.1080/00222930310001647334" ID-ISSN="1464-5262" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4653689" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1617217469113" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="Kott, Patricia" docDate="2004" docId="A1678788FF96FF04810845BFFD45A3F2" docLanguage="en" docName="JNATHIST.38.731-774.pdf" docOrigin="Journal of Natural History 38 (19)" docSource="http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00222930310001647334" docStyle="DocumentStyle:443144A73DAE3E092C51A378E4CD0138.2:JNatHist.2003-2004.journal_article.1cover" docStyleId="443144A73DAE3E092C51A378E4CD0138" docStyleName="JNatHist.2003-2004.journal_article.1cover" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Polysyncraton pedunculatum : Kott 2001" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="745" masterDocId="5D5EFFF0FF9BFF0B833D407FFFF7A27E" masterDocTitle="New and little-known species of Didemnidae (Ascidiacea, Tunicata) from Australia (part I)" masterLastPageNumber="774" masterPageNumber="731" pageNumber="743" updateTime="1698898381800" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="1546DC8DE598211BED89F1653B8C9DB6">New and little-known species of Didemnidae (Ascidiacea, Tunicata) from Australia (part I)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="5DC5C5421B03D70EDDE1D81AC27D8909" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="19C37FBA23044238EF8FE691AD3970E4">Kott, Patricia</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="38F72E7193025658D25477C6B8EB8881">Journal of Natural History</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="3881D668EB01F6E94BC47C6B63ECD206">
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<mods:date id="6259B9C83A2FB920FA971F97A5679F9A">2004</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="E6E73A2E7838B25275D1B7406651067E">2004-03-20</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="398FE273372B3FCF57443FCBD96815E4">38</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="37F2E261E8223620109677E99EBD4CCB">19</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="291ACC86F186F9CC47541870F6560266">731</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="919D497DB1CE964D6C545B255D9B3AD4">774</mods:end>
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<mods:identifier id="09E2A32344CB717CA5293DDB935CBCE3" type="DOI">10.1080/00222930310001647334</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="4EDBE51F24C5FF18971F521774794755" type="ISSN">1464-5262</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="A1678788FF96FF04810845BFFD45A3F2" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4653940" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4653940" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A1678788FF96FF04810845BFFD45A3F2" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/A1678788FF96FF04810845BFFD45A3F2" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="745" pageId="13" pageNumber="743">
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<subSubSection id="61D46515FF96FF06810845BFFC0FA7A7" box="[565,1016,1472,1497]" pageId="13" pageNumber="743" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="2971369EFF96FF06810845BFFC0FA7A7" blockId="13.[313,1016,1472,1560]" box="[565,1016,1472,1497]" pageId="13" pageNumber="743">
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<heading id="723981F2FF96FF06810845BFFC0FA7A7" box="[565,1016,1472,1497]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="743" reason="3">
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<taxonomicName id="EECE4D1DFF96FF06810845BFFC0FA7A7" authority="Kott, 2001" authorityName=": Kott" authorityYear="2001" box="[565,1016,1472,1497]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Polysyncraton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="13" pageNumber="743" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pedunculatum">
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<emphasis id="1BBAEA8CFF96FF06810845BFFC83A7A6" bold="true" box="[565,884,1472,1496]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="743">Polysyncraton pedunculatum</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="4D5F4B6FFF96FF06804145BEFC0FA7A7" author="KOTT, P." box="[892,1016,1473,1497]" pageId="13" pageNumber="743" pagination="1 - 407" refId="ref21209" refString="KOTT, P., 2001, The Australian Ascidiacea Pt 4, Aplousobranchia (3) Didemnidae, Memoirs of the Queensland Museum, 47 (1), 1 - 407." type="journal article" year="2001">Kott, 2001</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="61D46515FF96FF0681E5459FFCA3A786" box="[728,852,1504,1528]" pageId="13" pageNumber="743" type="description">
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<paragraph id="2971369EFF96FF0681E5459FFCA3A786" blockId="13.[313,1016,1472,1560]" box="[728,852,1504,1528]" pageId="13" pageNumber="743">
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(
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<figureCitation id="B1F52A1BFF96FF0681DD459FFCBBA786" box="[736,844,1504,1528]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="14.[313,329,839,860]" captionTargetBox="[399,1182,178,813]" captionTargetId="figure-4@14.[398,1184,177,813]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIG. 7. Polysyncraton pedunculatum (QM GH962): (A) larva. Polysyncraton rica (QM GH966): (B) colony; (C) larva; (D) spicules. Scales: (A, C) 0.1 mm; (B) 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4653705" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4653705/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="743">figure 7A</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="61D46515FF96FF068204467DFC51A466" box="[313,934,1538,1560]" pageId="13" pageNumber="743" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="2971369EFF96FF068204467DFC51A466" blockId="13.[313,1016,1472,1560]" box="[313,934,1538,1560]" pageId="13" pageNumber="743">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="09DE11B0FF96FF068204467DFC51A466" box="[313,934,1538,1560]" pageId="13" pageNumber="743">
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<treatmentCitation id="A86F108FFF96FF068204467DFCF7A469" author="KOTT, P." box="[313,768,1538,1560]" page="121" pageId="13" pageNumber="743" year="2001">
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<taxonomicName id="EECE4D1DFF96FF068204467DFCF7A469" authority="Kott, 2001: 121" authorityName=": Kott" authorityPageNumber="121" authorityYear="2001" box="[313,768,1538,1560]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Polysyncraton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="13" pageNumber="743" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pedunculatum">
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<emphasis id="1BBAEA8CFF96FF068204467DFDA0A469" box="[313,599,1538,1559]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="743">Polysyncraton pedunculatum</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="4D5F4B6FFF96FF068162467CFCF7A469" author="KOTT, P." box="[607,768,1538,1560]" pageId="13" pageNumber="743" pagination="1 - 407" refId="ref21209" refString="KOTT, P., 2001, The Australian Ascidiacea Pt 4, Aplousobranchia (3) Didemnidae, Memoirs of the Queensland Museum, 47 (1), 1 - 407." type="journal article" year="2001">Kott, 2001: 121</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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and synonymy.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="61D46515FF96FF04825C464FFD45A3F2" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="745" pageId="13" pageNumber="743" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="2971369EFF96FF06825C464FFE01A4F6" blockId="13.[313,1268,1584,1736]" pageId="13" pageNumber="743">
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<emphasis id="1BBAEA8CFF96FF06825C464FFE19A436" box="[353,494,1584,1608]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="743">Distribution.</emphasis>
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New records:
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<collectingRegion id="EB0AF87CFF96FF0681A7464FFCA7A436" box="[666,848,1584,1608]" country="Australia" name="South Australia" pageId="13" pageNumber="743">South Australia</collectingRegion>
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(Top Gallant I, QM GH962; Ward I., QM GH928; Franklin I., QM GH2290). Previously recorded (see
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<bibRefCitation id="4D5F4B6FFF96FF068759462FFB1FA416" author="KOTT, P." box="[1124,1256,1616,1640]" pageId="13" pageNumber="743" pagination="1 - 407" refId="ref21209" refString="KOTT, P., 2001, The Australian Ascidiacea Pt 4, Aplousobranchia (3) Didemnidae, Memoirs of the Queensland Museum, 47 (1), 1 - 407." type="journal article" year="2001">Kott, 2001</bibRefCitation>
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):
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<collectingRegion id="EB0AF87CFF96FF068204460FFE05A4F6" box="[313,498,1648,1672]" country="Australia" name="South Australia" pageId="13" pageNumber="743">South Australia</collectingRegion>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="2971369EFF96FF05825C46EFFE23A6F4" blockId="13.[313,1268,1584,1736]" lastBlockId="14.[313,1269,946,1736]" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="744" pageId="13" pageNumber="743">
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<emphasis id="1BBAEA8CFF96FF06825C46EFFE17A4D9" box="[353,480,1680,1703]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="743">Description</emphasis>
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. Newly recorded colonies are firm, slightly flattened, inverted cones, narrowing to short, thick, fleshy stalks, or spherical or mushroom-shaped heads with the stalk from the centre of the under surface. Although
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<bibRefCitation id="4D5F4B6FFF95FF05873E43CCFB7BA1B4" author="KOTT, P." box="[1027,1164,946,970]" pageId="14" pageNumber="744" pagination="1 - 407" refId="ref21209" refString="KOTT, P., 2001, The Australian Ascidiacea Pt 4, Aplousobranchia (3) Didemnidae, Memoirs of the Queensland Museum, 47 (1), 1 - 407." type="journal article" year="2001">Kott (2001)</bibRefCitation>
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refers to an extensive posterior common cloacal cavity separating the zooid layer from the central test, this cavity occurs only in a specimen from the Yorke Peninsular (QM G302867). Zooids are along each side of thoracic primary common cloacal canals that form a network with the surface depressed slightly over these canals. There are no posterior abdominal cavities. Colonies are reported to have been dark blue or purple in life.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="7DB16616FF95FF0582044338FB4CA109" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4653705" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4653705" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4653705/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="744" startId="14.[313,329,839,860]" targetBox="[399,1182,178,813]" targetPageId="14">
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<paragraph id="2971369EFF95FF0582044338FB4CA109" blockId="14.[313,1268,839,888]" pageId="14" pageNumber="744">
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FIG. 7.
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<taxonomicName id="EECE4D1DFF95FF0582A94338FD4EA122" authorityName=": Kott" authorityYear="2001" box="[404,697,839,860]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Polysyncraton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="14" pageNumber="744" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pedunculatum">
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<emphasis id="1BBAEA8CFF95FF0582A94338FD4EA122" box="[404,697,839,860]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="744">Polysyncraton pedunculatum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(QM GH962): (A) larva.
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<taxonomicName id="EECE4D1DFF95FF0580CC4338FB44A122" authorityName="Kott" authorityYear="2001" box="[1009,1203,839,860]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Polysyncraton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="14" pageNumber="744" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rica">
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<emphasis id="1BBAEA8CFF95FF0580CC4338FB44A122" box="[1009,1203,839,860]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="744">Polysyncraton rica</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(QM GH966): (B) colony; (C) larva; (D) spicules. Scales: (A, C) 0.1 mm; (B) 1.0 mm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="2971369EFF95FF05825C44EDFB68A697" blockId="14.[313,1269,946,1736]" pageId="14" pageNumber="744">Zooids are long, as previously described, with a short narrow atrial lip, long narrow thorax, retractor muscle from halfway down a long oesophageal neck, and four loose coils of the vas deferens around six or seven loose testis follicles.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="2971369EFF95FF05825C448DFD13A796" blockId="14.[313,1269,946,1736]" pageId="14" pageNumber="744">
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Larvae are in the central test of specimens collected in March (QM GH962). The large (
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<quantity id="EE369B7BFF95FF058288456EFDFDA757" box="[437,522,1297,1321]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="744" unit="mm" value="0.8">0.8 mm</quantity>
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long), robust trunk has the tail wound three-quarters of the way around it. Conspicuous striations are on the surface of the test. A spherical yolk mass is in the anterior part of the trunk behind six broad ectodermal ampullae on each side of the three antero-median adhesive organs. A waist separates the ampullae from the mass of the larval trunk in more advanced larvae but is not conspicuous. A thoracic blastozooid is at the base of the oozooid gut loop on the left. An external horizontal ampulla was not detected.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="2971369EFF95FF04825C458FFDADA353" blockId="14.[313,1269,946,1736]" lastBlockId="15.[313,1269,181,396]" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="745" pageId="14" pageNumber="744">
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<emphasis id="1BBAEA8CFF95FF05825C458FFE33A476" box="[353,452,1520,1544]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="744">Remarks</emphasis>
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. The colonies resemble those of
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<taxonomicName id="EECE4D1DFF95FF058013458FFC0DA476" authorityName="Kott" authorityYear="2001" box="[814,1018,1520,1544]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Polysyncraton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="14" pageNumber="744" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rica">
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<emphasis id="1BBAEA8CFF95FF058013458FFC0DA476" box="[814,1018,1520,1544]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="744">Polysyncraton rica</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, although that species has sessile colonies (without a stalk), spicules in a layer beneath the surface, a fine retractor muscle from the top of the oesophageal neck, only three coils of the vas deferens, sometimes a particularly large atrial tongue, a posterior abdominal cavity always separating the central test from the zooid layer and zooids in clumps rather than along each side of common cloacal canals. The larva of the present species previously was not known. Although it is the same length as that of
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<taxonomicName id="EECE4D1DFF95FF05877546CFFB64A4B9" authorityName="Kott" authorityYear="2001" box="[1096,1171,1712,1735]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Polysyncraton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="14" pageNumber="744" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rica">
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<emphasis id="1BBAEA8CFF95FF05877546CFFB64A4B9" box="[1096,1171,1712,1735]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="744">P. rica</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and has a single blastozooid, it differs in its six (rather than eight) long, narrow lateral ampullae on each side of the antero-median adhesive organs, a less pronounced waist, striations on the larval test and it lacks a conspicuous horizontal ampulla on the left side of the trunk.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="2971369EFF94FF04825C414AFD45A3F2" blockId="15.[313,1269,181,396]" pageId="15" pageNumber="745">
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The appearance of living colonies of this species is not known, photographs of colonies of
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<taxonomicName id="EECE4D1DFF94FF0482FE412AFDE6A312" authorityName="Kott" authorityYear="2001" box="[451,529,341,364]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Polysyncraton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="15" pageNumber="745" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rica">
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<emphasis id="1BBAEA8CFF94FF0482FE412AFDE6A312" box="[451,529,341,364]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="745">P. rica</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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having been wrongly assigned to it (
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<bibRefCitation id="4D5F4B6FFF94FF0480EC412AFBA4A313" author="KOTT, P." box="[977,1107,341,365]" pageId="15" pageNumber="745" pagination="1107 - 1280" refId="ref21155" refString="KOTT, P., 1997, Tunicata, in S. Shepherd and M. Davies (eds) Marine Invertebrates of Southern Australia (Adelaide: South Australian Research and Development, Aquatic Sciences with the Flora and Fauna of South Australia Handbooks Committee), pp. 1107 - 1280." type="book chapter" year="1997">Kott, 1997</bibRefCitation>
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: pl. 85;
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<bibRefCitation id="4D5F4B6FFF94FF04878A412AFE85A3F2" author="KOTT, P." pageId="15" pageNumber="745" pagination="1 - 407" refId="ref21209" refString="KOTT, P., 2001, The Australian Ascidiacea Pt 4, Aplousobranchia (3) Didemnidae, Memoirs of the Queensland Museum, 47 (1), 1 - 407." type="journal article" year="2001">Kott, 2001</bibRefCitation>
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: pl. 6D; see below,
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<taxonomicName id="EECE4D1DFF94FF048168410AFD56A3F2" authorityName="Kott" authorityYear="2001" box="[597,673,373,396]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Polysyncraton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="15" pageNumber="745" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rica">
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<emphasis id="1BBAEA8CFF94FF048168410AFD56A3F2" box="[597,673,373,396]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="745">P. rica</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |