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<document id="6DE17A6A1893BCEF2DC1F2AE1594E3BA" ID-CLB-Dataset="35024" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.608.9427" ID-GBIF-Dataset="f37895dc-7316-48e6-ac3e-901aa5f79eeb" ID-PMC="PMC4982377" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-608-1" ID-PubMed="27559303" ID-ZooBank="F865473C03374FD2915A0E3DD2299E66" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2016" ModsDocID="1313-2970-608-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 608" ModsDocTitle="Generic revision of the ant subfamily Dorylinae (Hymenoptera, Formicidae)" checkinTime="1470408253360" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Borowiec, Marek L." docDate="2016" docId="03C3800536A1F4FE74422EB8E564B09B" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 608: 1-280" docOrigin="ZooKeys 608" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.608.9427" docTitle="Cerapachys Smith, F. 1857" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="86" masterDocId="D563FF93FFEAD163FF9A3E6FFFDDF937" masterDocTitle="Generic revision of the ant subfamily Dorylinae (Hymenoptera, Formicidae)" masterLastPageNumber="280" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="83" updateTime="1701385037927" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="9889E01C2CE787E72A0EF3E49127BC9F">Generic revision of the ant subfamily Dorylinae (Hymenoptera, Formicidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="44BB85F7D563EE17A2AA777D6F57D184">Borowiec, Marek L.</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="03C3800536A1F4FE74422EB8E564B09B" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127875750" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C3800536A1F4FE74422EB8E564B09B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C3800536A1F4FE74422EB8E564B09B" lastPageId="85" lastPageNumber="86" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">
<subSubSection id="0BDA012177D83985C2138C9737B1CE05" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" type="multiple">
<paragraph id="3798E4266ECFC7A64614CA8FABA7DB3A" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Taxon classification Animalia Hymenoptera Formicidae</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="53A3240FD5B416E12255B65B72B1E187" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="86C3E18213AB5FC42AC9E0ADFF178A2C" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">
<taxonomicName id="8DE82B17B6E6F619A4B534388BF7B69E" ID-CoL="3KMV" authority="Smith, F., 1857" authorityName="Smith, F." authorityYear="1857" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cerapachys" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cerapachys" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cerapachys Smith, F., 1857</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="AA20AEB12C0E0731A9BB137933245C4C" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="F1ED42AEE9F7F5FC6F2691168B79391C" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">
<taxonomicName id="FB70C591758447A47E60B8C654DD386F" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Ceratopachys" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ceratopachys" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">= Ceratopachys</taxonomicName>
Schulz, 1906
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="61975EA8070754FFFE7B3CFFA200B06F" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" type="type-species">
<paragraph id="5154EBF836D48D25EF33F3B52C16EF76" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Type-species.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="20DBD76667D6DEE42F70BE986030D888" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">
<taxonomicName id="30DF6DF24B105A216295E3D983F86F5C" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cerapachys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cerapachys antennatus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="antennatus">Cerapachys antennatus</taxonomicName>
, by subsequent designation of Bingham, 1903
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="70930CDA576BD3BD89A91DF939761AA6" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">This relatively species-poor lineage is apparently restricted to forest habitats of Southeast Asia.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="DF9F3122D4AFA5EC97E30EC35B2794B0" lastPageId="83" lastPageNumber="84" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="4CBA978A6692D608C30F6B7D749269CD" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="24027E6AAFDB5D6233EBD11137E9810D" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">
Worker.
<taxonomicName id="D2A842BBCF4A12B0EB54733C16C6A2F4" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cerapachys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cerapachys" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cerapachys</taxonomicName>
belongs to non-army ant dorylines with spiracle positioned below midheight of the propodeum and pygidium well-developed, armed with modified setae. It has a well-developed carina on the pronotal collar and a distinct pronotomesopleural Pronotomesopleural suture, a single pectinate spur on each mid and hind tibia, and helcium positioned supraaxially, above midheight of abdominal segment III. Some species have pretarsal claws armed with a tooth.
<taxonomicName id="35956DA527431ED466841EAB1C8355EF" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cerapachys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cerapachys" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cerapachys</taxonomicName>
is a genus of medium-sized, universally dark-colored ants that could be confused
<taxonomicName id="5C5282B00809461502ED35D1274C1E3F" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lividopone" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lividopone" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Lividopone</taxonomicName>
. Distributions of the two genera do not overlap, however, with
<taxonomicName id="45665D6953481DA5FF8AD180483DC664" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lividopone" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lividopone" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Lividopone</taxonomicName>
being so far known only from Madagascar.
<taxonomicName id="24359170C00D085DEB60CE83338A7C33" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lividopone" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lividopone" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Lividopone</taxonomicName>
is further distinguished by almost complete fusion of pronotomesopleural Pronotomesopleural suture, which is unfused in
<taxonomicName id="B71D127031062BCEDDE1C1CF5D049621" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cerapachys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cerapachys" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cerapachys</taxonomicName>
.
<taxonomicName id="569EBD0953C85651884EEDB97D9A699D" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lioponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lioponera" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Lioponera</taxonomicName>
overlaps in range with
<taxonomicName id="3D7640C9090E561DA018B82601D6B25B" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cerapachys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cerapachys" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cerapachys</taxonomicName>
and certain species can be superficially similar but a more narrow and axially positioned helcium, dorsolaterally carinate petiole, and a flange on the posterior face of the coxae will distinguish
<taxonomicName id="89C7EB1B15FC4154224721B9E1690AAB" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lioponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lioponera" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Lioponera</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7736D3389E602F19EFD4BE0E5FA4F4C7" lastPageId="83" lastPageNumber="84" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">
Male. The male of
<taxonomicName id="7949DDE64AF0F08A01A1974E49792770" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cerapachys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cerapachys" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cerapachys</taxonomicName>
has 12-segmented antennae, a transverse
<taxonomicName id="2C8DEED1D21B826ABEDFB9594C3C3997" class="Insecta" lsidName="groove" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="groove">groove</taxonomicName>
running diagonally across the mesopleuron, vein C in fore wing present, one sub
<pageBreakToken id="2A882BAC6BF4AAB85C18F25E1E2AACD7" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" start="start">marginal</pageBreakToken>
cell closed by Rs·f2-3, 2rs-m absent, and marginal cell closed by R·f3 and Rs·f4-5.
<taxonomicName id="1648F09511D58884D1E19BF4E8B66AC5" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Neocerapachys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Neocerapachys" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Neocerapachys</taxonomicName>
males have similar wing venation but in
<taxonomicName id="95B2B66A028881443F3D692CB54ECF0A" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cerapachys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cerapachys" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cerapachys</taxonomicName>
the antennal segment III is similar in length to segment IV, while in
<taxonomicName id="23E489655AC432AD6FA01C43E780D34D" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Neocerapachys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Neocerapachys" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Neocerapachys</taxonomicName>
the segment III is conspicuously the shortest antennal segment. Furthermore,
<taxonomicName id="EA6B0E7875C5A058E7CC4EA34B1DE50D" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Neocerapachys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Neocerapachys" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Neocerapachys</taxonomicName>
is only found in the New World.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="034683FE613D3A5D13291208B72576F0" lastPageId="85" lastPageNumber="86" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" type="description">
<paragraph id="93FCD999A29AA795F93B34A4EE9360E6" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7B07F5B49F9B1E62A821F0B0164F9219" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
Worker.Head: Antennae with 12 segments. Apical antennal segment conspicuously enlarged, much broader than and longer than two preceding segments combined. Clypeus with or without cuticular apron. Lateroclypeal teeth absent.
<taxonomicName id="A83357EEE443F86FAA15F71CA7045E72" class="Insecta" genus="Parafrontal" lsidName="Parafrontal ridges" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ridges">Parafrontal ridges</taxonomicName>
reduced. Torulo-posttorular complex vertical. Antennal scrobes absent. Labrum with median notch or concavity. Proximal face of stipes projecting beyond inner margin of sclerite, concealing prementum when mouthparts fully closed. Maxillary palps 3-segmented. Labial palps 2-segmented. Mandibles triangular, with teeth. Eyes present, composed of more than 20 ommatidia. Ocelli absent. Head capsule with differentiated vertical posterior surface above occipital foramen. Ventrolateral margins of head without lamella or ridge extending towards mandibles and beyond carina surrounding occipital foramen. Posterior head corners dorsolaterally immarginate. Carina surrounding occipital foramen ventrally absent. Mesosoma: Pronotal flange separated from collar by distinct ridge. Promesonotal connection with Pronotomesopleural suture completely fused.
<taxonomicName id="123DDE2672F03C4028FB0B8A4D67D825" class="Insecta" genus="Pronotomesopleural" lsidName="Pronotomesopleural suture" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="suture">Pronotomesopleural suture</taxonomicName>
visible, unfused partway to notal surface.
<taxonomicName id="39AF9422368116574ECBE959B57E7503" class="Insecta" genus="Mesometapleural" lsidName="Mesometapleural groove" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="groove">Mesometapleural groove</taxonomicName>
deeply impressed, conspicuous. Transverse
<taxonomicName id="3CD1DAE3F17C245C9F7EA84CFCD90324" class="Insecta" lsidName="groove" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="groove">groove</taxonomicName>
dividing mesopleuron absent. Transverse
<taxonomicName id="2F4E2613D59C6D4C1250F3322ADC4357" class="Insecta" lsidName="groove" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="groove">groove</taxonomicName>
dividing mesopleuron present. Pleural endophragmal pit concavity present. Mesosoma dorsolaterally immarginate. Metanotal depression or
<taxonomicName id="D621D36901BCD766126831EBCB3A6341" class="Insecta" lsidName="groove" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="groove">groove</taxonomicName>
on mesosoma present. Propodeal spiracle situated low on sclerite. Propodeal declivity with distinct dorsal edge or margin and rectangular in posterior view. Metapleural gland without bulla visible through cuticle. Propodeal lobes present, well developed. Metasoma: Petiole anterodorsally marginate, dorsolaterally immarginate, and laterally above spiracle marginate. Helcium in relation to tergosternal Pronotomesopleural suture placed at posttergite and supraaxial. Prora forming a V-shaped protrusion. Spiracle openings of abdominal segments
<normalizedToken id="7A3D626F3FE20771F0AA249AD0570141" originalValue="IV–VI">IV-VI</normalizedToken>
circular. Abdominal segment III anterodorsally marginate, dorsolaterally immarginate. Abdominal segment III more than half size of succeeding segment IV, which is weakly constricted at presegmental portion (uninodal waist). Girdling constriction of segment IV present, i.e. pre- and postsclerites distinct. Cinctus of abdominal segment IV gutter-like and cross-ribbed. Abdominal segment IV not conspicuously largest segment. Abdominal tergite IV not folding over sternite, and anterior portions of sternite and tergite equally well visible in lateral view. Girdling constriction between pre- and posttergites of abdominal segments V and VI absent. Girdling constriction between pre- and poststernites of abdominal segments V and VI absent. Pygidium large, with impressed medial field, and armed with modified setae. Hypopygium unarmed. Legs: Mid tibia with single pectinate spur. Hind tibia with single pectinate spur. Hind basitarsus not widening distally, circular in cross-section. Posterior flange of hind coxa not produced as raised lamella. Metatibial gland present as oval patch of whitish cuticle. Metabasitarsal gland absent. Hind pretarsal claws simple or each claw armed with a tooth. Polymorphism: Monomorphic to moderately polymorphic.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D74C1FA427690B53842331DCD08B876C" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">
<pageBreakToken id="2A645BE6C93282DC19BCC561016542A8" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" start="start">Male</pageBreakToken>
.Head: Antennae with 13 segments. Clypeus with cuticular apron.
<taxonomicName id="63967563163D05EF435467B102AC83C2" class="Insecta" genus="Parafrontal" lsidName="Parafrontal ridges" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ridges">Parafrontal ridges</taxonomicName>
present. Torulo-posttorular complex vertical. Maxillary palps 5-segmented. Labial palps likely 3-segmented (uncertain in-situ count). Mandibles triangular, edentate or crenulate. Ventrolateral margins of head with cuticular ridge extending towards mandibles and beyond carina surrounding occipital foramen. Carina surrounding occipital foramen ventrally present. Mesosoma: Pronotal flange separated from collar by distinct ridge or not separated.
<taxonomicName id="5B099EDFFADF3B9DF81FB3DB4FBCDF0E" class="Insecta" genus="Notauli" lsidName="Notauli" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Notauli</taxonomicName>
present. Transverse
<taxonomicName id="8C856461B08376A354ABCB251C664DF1" class="Insecta" lsidName="groove" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="groove">groove</taxonomicName>
dividing mesopleuron present. Propodeal declivity reduced, with or without distinct dorsal edge or margin. Metapleural gland opening absent. Propodeal lobes present. Metasoma: Petiole anterodorsally immarginate, dorsolaterally immarginate or marginate, and laterally above spiracle marginate. Helcium in relation to tergosternal Pronotomesopleural suture placed at posttergite and supraaxial. Prora forming a V-shaped protrusion. Spiracle openings of abdominal segments
<normalizedToken id="05889ED0BF7CA6BC9774D3F9EE162292" originalValue="IV–VI">IV-VI</normalizedToken>
circular. Abdominal segment III more than half size of succeeding segment IV, occasionally slightly smaller; latter weakly constricted at presegmental portion (uninodal waist). Girdling constriction of segment IV present, i.e. pre- and postsclerites distinct. Cinctus of abdominal segment IV gutter-like, not sculptured or cross-ribbed. Girdling constriction between pre- and postsclerites of abdominal segments V and VI absent. Abdominal segment IV not conspicuously largest segment. Abdominal sternite VII simple. Abdominal sternite IX distally armed with two spines. with lateral apodemes about as long as medial apodeme, directed anteriorly (towards head). Genitalia: Cupula long relative to rest of genital capsule and shorter ventrally than dorsally. Basimere broadly fused to telomere, with sulcus discernable at junction, and ventrally with left and right arms abutting. Telomere gradually tapering toward apex.
<taxonomicName id="10B5F2FFFDBDAF5B601B2AA88F155C0A" class="Insecta" family="Mytilidae" genus="Volsella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Volsella" order="Mytilida" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Volsella</taxonomicName>
gradually tapering toward apex. Penisvalva laterally compressed, rounded at apex. Legs: Mid tibia with single pectinate spur. Hind tibia with single pectinate spur. Posterior flange of hind coxa not produced as raised lamella. Metatibial gland present as oval patch of whitish cuticle. Metabasitarsal glands absent. Hind pretarsal claws each armed with a tooth; simple claws not observed but presumably absent from certain species as in worker. Wings: Tegula present, broad, demiovate in shape. Vein C in fore wing present. Pterostigma broad. Abscissa R·f3 present, running toward distal wing margin and enclosing cell with Rs·f5. Abscissae Rs·f2-3 present, connecting with Rs+M&amp;M·f2. Cross-vein 2r-rs present, differentiated from Rs·f4 by presence of Rs·f2-3. Abscissae Rs·f4-5 present, fused in absence of 2rs-m. Abscissa M·f2 in fore wing contiguous with Rs+M or separated from Rs+M by Rs·f2. Abscissa M·f4 in fore wing present, not reaching wing margin to almost reaching wing margin. Cross-vein 1m-cu in fore wing present. Cross-vein cu-a in fore wing present, arising from M+Cu and proximal to M·f1. Vein Cu in fore wing present, with both branches Cu1 and Cu2. Vein A in fore wing with abscissae A·f1 and A·f2 present. Vein C in hind wing absent. Vein R in hind wing absent. Vein Sc+R in hind wing present. Abscissa Rs·f1 in hind wing present, shorter than 1rs-m. Abscissa Rs·f2 in hind wing present, not reaching wing margin. Cross-vein 1rs-m in hind wing fused with M·f1. Vein M+Cu in hind wing present. Abscissa M·f1 in hind wing present. Abscissa M·f2 in hind wing present. Cross-vein cu-a in hind wing present. Vein Cu in hind wing absent. Vein A in hind wing with abscissae A·f1 and A·f2 present.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D2F3B5D0580234F07FC89F64B957C0F0" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
<pageBreakToken id="3211A153FFB86DCDEA0AA64FB1CACEF0" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" start="start">Gyne</pageBreakToken>
. Alate, fully winged with large eyes and three ocelli, or also possibly ergatoid (
<bibRefCitation id="BD7AF2E00D9F35FFCCFDBA12AB2C743D" author="Brown, WL" journalOrPublisher="Agriculture (Ithaca, New York)" pageId="193" pageNumber="194" pagination="1 - 115" title="Contributions toward a reclassification of the Formicidae. V. Ponerinae, tribes Platythyreini, Cerapachyini, Cylindromyrmecini, Acanthostichini, and Aenictogitini. Search." volume="5" year="1975">Brown 1975</bibRefCitation>
), larger than worker, with large eyes and three ocelli but no wings.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0395B39D16640A4AE6B3CB69A7252B5B" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Larva. Not described. Cocoons absent.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="9F094EA1A37AC92D4CD88ED50705765A" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="AC8ACFD2207F4CCF0ACE7920949D2E84" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8985F05E3BD5A6B9C12F35EFBEC76A59" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
<taxonomicName id="DCB459A3CB50F64D67B021563A8412CC" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cerapachys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cerapachys" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cerapachys</taxonomicName>
is distributed from northwestern India and Tibet, through southern China to Java, Borneo and the Philippines.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6FD1F42524808386DB99DCF4A902BBD4" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" type="taxonomy and phylogeny">
<paragraph id="975C72DCB76E7A425280BBE323F13362" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Taxonomy and phylogeny.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AAB8E8C24758D1251110FF1D93980AD1" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
This is the lineage where the type species of
<taxonomicName id="1FEF466D0CCE3CD758A6F40F257C5227" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cerapachys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cerapachys" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cerapachys</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="8821F58055782D1BF662F99CC43BE0E9" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cerapachys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cerapachys antennatus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="antennatus">Cerapachys antennatus</taxonomicName>
, belongs. The type series was collected by A. R. Wallace in Sarawak and described by F. Smith in 1857.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="62EA8E34797D4AEE8BA0A4B726E049CD" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
<taxonomicName id="3FCFE573593CE1CE8E28B315A8FD4B52" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cerapachys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cerapachys" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cerapachys</taxonomicName>
is a member of a predominantly South East Asian clade that also includes
<taxonomicName id="65001FB6EDA99C69485EFB0B75176CAD" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Chrysapace" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysapace" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Chrysapace</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="E97DE0247C86432DB34888D6CB95FC10" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Yunodorylus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Yunodorylus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Yunodorylus</taxonomicName>
(Borowiec, in prep.). All three lineages diverged long ago and although it seems that
<taxonomicName id="5AF794AA0D6A706007DB1E038FD09344" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cerapachys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cerapachys" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cerapachys</taxonomicName>
is the sister genus to
<taxonomicName id="3B9A318537DCA6924398FE3225A657E7" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Chrysapace" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysapace" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Chrysapace</taxonomicName>
, this relationship is not certain.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="93AB40ADED16A5318C6DBAC2F1839047" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="CD92AEBEBD45650FD0F09FBA34EA4479" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Biology.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FC30924E4AC56E1E2D94BF89015C092B" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
Almost nothing is known about the biology of this group. Most records seem to come from forest habitats. Brood development may be synchronized, based on the
<normalizedToken id="78A9C885589E5BBCA245FEC9AA515B1F" originalValue="author’s">author's</normalizedToken>
observation of brood of uniform size in the single examined nest collection of
<taxonomicName id="B37C77569CEB788F92CC1829C8274D98" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cerapachys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cerapachys antennatus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="antennatus">Cerapachys antennatus</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C52426398404AAFD7C98288789A5A9FE" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" type="species of cerapachys">
<paragraph id="8675F4AD1F277255646260868BBD1F23" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
Species of
<taxonomicName id="290269CA60054F02BD6328F49CD30E53" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cerapachys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cerapachys" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cerapachys</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0875BA45C9DDFFA1A5210A659A7AAE97" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
<taxonomicName id="95E6263CDD09AC4BAC5487C2DEC44C9F" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cerapachys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cerapachys antennatus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="antennatus">Cerapachys antennatus</taxonomicName>
Smith, F., 1857: Malaysia (Sarawak)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="547C42F86250C2051111B228D1188F79" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
<taxonomicName id="D5680DA18B4A2629CB43AA4EB4D54DBD" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cerapachys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cerapachys jacobsoni" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jacobsoni">Cerapachys jacobsoni</taxonomicName>
Forel, 1912b: Indonesia (Java)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D82B9A977B5D5DECEBEB2EE0DC4133B9" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
<taxonomicName id="343F8BCFC2B4F7FE908642398120CD50" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cerapachys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cerapachys manni" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="manni">Cerapachys manni</taxonomicName>
Crawley, 1926: Indonesia (Sumatra)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="27517F70F340F7222F15D7EA0C7F9B3B" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
<taxonomicName id="F19A6F4E585C0472D664BD6E56A8638C" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cerapachys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cerapachys sulcinodis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sulcinodis">Cerapachys sulcinodis</taxonomicName>
Emery, 1889c: Myanmar
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3ED5D21260B44BBBEE15132F2462C8F7" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
<taxonomicName id="30D0C278F5E8EB035E5753F248899043" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cerapachys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cerapachys xizangensis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="xizangensis">Cerapachys xizangensis</taxonomicName>
Tang and Li, 1982: Tibet
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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