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<document id="CBF145AF975FD1103BB555DC529EC302" ID-CLB-Dataset="145798" ID-DOI="10.5852/ejt.2022.837.1923" ID-GBIF-Dataset="d157f752-43b8-4f47-bc6f-65f80c303e89" ID-ISSN="2118-9773" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7084444" ID-ZooBank="7CBAC71F-FF75-411C-9CE9-AA633E16438E" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1663300833499" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Kessel, Gustav M., Alderslade, Philip, Bilewitch, Jaret P., Schnabel, Kareen E., Norman, Jerry, Potts, Romana Tekaharoa &amp; Gardner, Jonathan P. A." docDate="2022" docId="03C18705B51C5C41D3E42421CCD3FB28" docLanguage="en" docName="ejt-837_1-85.pdf" docOrigin="European Journal of Taxonomy 837" docSource="http://zoobank.org/7cbac71f-ff75-411c-9ce9-aa633e16438e" docStyle="DocumentStyle:8DBBCD0342F59C7B93E4D60327A07408.3:EJT.2018-.journal_article.type2" docStyleId="8DBBCD0342F59C7B93E4D60327A07408" docStyleName="EJT.2018-.journal_article.type2" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Kotatea niwa Kessel &amp; Alderslade &amp; Bilewitch &amp; Schnabel &amp; Norman &amp; Potts &amp; Gardner 2022, gen. et sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="21F82707-8C02-4C9E-A4B0-5672E5666601" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="43" masterDocId="FFF8FF7DB53B5C6BD1712748C821FFB9" masterDocTitle="Dead man’s fingers point to new taxa: two new genera of New Zealand soft corals (Anthozoa, Octocorallia) and a revision of Alcyonium aurantiacum Quoy &amp; Gaimard, 1833" masterLastPageNumber="85" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="40" updateTime="1699380551003" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:title id="3AE16BA421BC44A0CA6F1AF139248BAB">Dead man’s fingers point to new taxa: two new genera of New Zealand soft corals (Anthozoa, Octocorallia) and a revision of Alcyonium aurantiacum Quoy &amp; Gaimard, 1833</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="0FED1EECB75C54EDAA6405997702DFB3">Kessel, Gustav M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="502CDF4061A1A26B8F7888773C9E5E9E">Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, Aotearoa-New Zealand.</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="018BC4B17CA3AC81B3534245497D1CAF" type="email">gustav.kessel@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="C752E2D813BC5BF1DF16DD6F8BDEDB5C">Alderslade, Philip</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="5D4DFA68FE59904E81532872F3983A35">Oceans and Atmosphere, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia.</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="C30FCB70FEFBD21903E7149C6F0AD93C" type="email">phil.alderslade@csiro.au</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="DF757735F8D56A7F9EE8DDEEAF21E7A0">Bilewitch, Jaret P.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="95E96856C3B6629426B1A855E6E2D998">National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research Ltd., Wellington, Aotearoa-New Zealand.</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="29C1B33645E39BECB46226148DC32E56" type="email">jaret.bilewitch@niwa.co.nz</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="27EEB171A16963BD0C026BF98EC97EFE">Schnabel, Kareen E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="80EADA16EF9EFA1A3863E788C485781D">National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research Ltd., Wellington, Aotearoa-New Zealand.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="4BC321CBD1A8589B19380D6C7030AA0B">Norman, Jerry</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="443C5019BF40E9EE9F2432F567735CBB">Ngāti Kurī, Tira Me Te Wā, Aotearoa-New Zealand.</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="1454EA028D8B8646DD0010193B37CA51" type="email">jerrynorman.rotary@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="A811C6EFF93B71279495F883125C103E">Potts, Romana Tekaharoa</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="B764EFA446D18C82C2BF6325716FBD06">Ngāti Kurī, Tira Me Te Wā, Aotearoa-New Zealand. &amp; Te Wānanga o Aotearoa, Te Ringa Mauī / Ngāti Kurī / Te Ngaki, Aotearoa-New Zealand.</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="273869AF81E9A466DFAB6D7B340051FD" type="email">romana.potts@twoa.ac.nz</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="6B442EAF608387FC1150A7969B16D18E">Gardner, Jonathan P. A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="2FA0FC12D715C2CAB5F8ECAC78AB8A12">Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, Aotearoa-New Zealand.</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="8CC01F12F4B026598C95A58E279CC1D9" type="email">jonathan.gardner@vuw.ac.nz</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="B3C0BB28B4B1060C290387D2BE50958F">European Journal of Taxonomy</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="540A2CB067F5090646711304D4090966">2022</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="098FC36131357867ED5F3794A0E74D44">837</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="FE96E0BBE871EC0145DEA378C64488C6">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="C682E59D1E0CED5456FD41976A604ECA" type="CLB-Dataset">145798</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="0B4873801FA2727B6B39165F0ECEE3C4" type="DOI">10.5852/ejt.2022.837.1923</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03C18705B51C5C41D3E42421CCD3FB28" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7094114" ID-GBIF-Taxon="200635677" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7094114" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:21F82707-8C02-4C9E-A4B0-5672E5666601" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C18705B51C5C41D3E42421CCD3FB28" lastPageId="42" lastPageNumber="43" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
<subSubSection id="C3726598B51C5C4CD3E42421CBCAFC3A" box="[661,1003,873,899]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BD73613B51C5C4CD3E42421CBCAFC3A" blockId="39.[416,1247,873,966]" box="[661,1003,873,899]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
<heading id="D09F817FB51C5C4CD3E42421CBCAFC3A" box="[661,1003,873,899]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="4C684D90B51C5C4CD3E42421CB15FC3A" authority="Kessel &amp; Alderslade &amp; Bilewitch &amp; Schnabel &amp; Norman &amp; Potts &amp; Gardner, 2022" authorityName="Kessel &amp; Alderslade &amp; Bilewitch &amp; Schnabel &amp; Norman &amp; Potts &amp; Gardner" authorityYear="2022" box="[661,820,873,899]" class="Anthozoa" family="Alcyoniidae" genus="Kotatea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="niwa" status="gen. et sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B91CEA01B51C5C4CD3E42421CB15FC3A" bold="true" box="[661,820,873,899]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Kotatea niwa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22F577AB51C5C4CD24A2421CBCAFC3A" box="[827,1003,873,899]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" rank="species">gen. et sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C3726598B51C5C4CD0D124C2CBC5FC7F" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BD73613B51C5C4CD0D124C2CCFEFC1C" blockId="39.[416,1247,873,966]" box="[416,1247,906,933]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
<uri id="FFF93A11B51C5C4CD0D124C2CCFEFC1C" box="[416,1247,906,933]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:
<uuid id="FFCE0CC6B51C5C4CD3CE24C2CCFEFC1C" box="[703,1247,906,933]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">21F82707-8C02-4C9E-A4B0-5672E5666601</uuid>
</uri>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD73613B51C5C4CD3EB24E3CBC5FC7F" blockId="39.[416,1247,873,966]" box="[666,996,939,966]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
<figureCitation id="13532A96B51C5C4CD3EB24E3CB3DFC7F" box="[666,796,939,966]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="8.[227,270,1738,1764]" captionTargetBox="[227,1437,338,1699]" captionTargetId="figure-138@8.[227,1437,338,1699]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig. 1. Collection sites of specimens of Kotatea gen. nov. and Ushanaia gen. nov. Holotype collection sites are indicated by white symbols, paratypes and other material by black symbols. In the case of K. aurantiaca gen. et comb. nov., the type collection site refers to that described by Quoy &amp; Gaimard (1833). A. Manawatāwhi/Three Kings Islands. B. Far northern NZ, from Piwhane/Spirits Bay to the Poor Knights Islands. C. Northern NZ, from the Mokohinau Islands to East Cape. D. Central NZ, Cook Strait to Banks Peninsula. E. South-East NZ, Fiordland. Note that the holotypes of K. kapotaiora gen. et sp. nov. and K. teorowai gen. et sp. nov. share the same collection site." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7084448" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7084448/files/figure.png" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Figs 1A–B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13532A96B51C5C4CD25824E4CB6EFC7F" box="[809,847,940,966]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="9.[227,270,1719,1745]" captionTargetBox="[301,1361,302,1693]" captionTargetId="figure-185@9.[301,1361,302,1693]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Fig. 2. Polyps. A. Kotatea amicispongia gen. et sp. nov., holotype (NIWA 156312). B. K. aurantiaca gen. et comb. nov. (NIWA 75330). C. K. kapotaiora gen. et sp. nov., holotype (NIWA 3974). D. K. kurakootingotingo gen. et sp. nov., holotype (NIWA 101538). E. K. kurakootingotingo gen. et sp. nov., paratype, small polyp with coloured collaret and points (MAGNT C015221). F. K. lobata gen. et sp. nov., holotype (NIWA 101313). G. K. niwa gen. et sp. nov., holotype (MAGNT C015226). H. K. raekura gen. et sp. nov., holotype (NIWA 101537). I. Ushanaia ferruginea gen. et sp. nov., holotype (NIWA 156313). J. U. fervens gen. et sp. nov., holotype (NIWA 156311). K. U. solida gen. et sp. nov., holotype (NIWA 102133). L. K. aurantiaca gen. et comb. nov., in situ (uncollected specimen), Poor Knights Islands, photo by Ian Skipworth (ianskipworth.com). M. U. fervens gen. et sp. nov., in situ (uncollected specimen), Fiordland, photo by Shane Geange. Scale bars = ~1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7084450" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7084450/files/figure.png" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">2G</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13532A96B51C5C4CD22D24E4CBAEFC7F" box="[860,911,940,966]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="27.[227,270,1963,1989]" captionTargetBox="[233,1436,855,1923]" captionTargetId="figure-230@27.[233,1436,855,1923]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Fig. 14. Preserved specimens. A. Kotatea kurakootingotingo gen. et sp. nov. B. K. niwa gen. et sp. nov. C. K. kapotaiora gen. et sp. nov. Note that MAGNT C015224 and NIWA 58543 contain additional fragments that are not depicted. * = holotype." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7084480" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7084480/files/figure.png" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">14B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13532A96B51C5C4CD2EA24E4CBC5FC7F" box="[923,996,940,966]" captionStart-0="Fig" captionStart-1="Fig" captionStartId-0="40.[227,270,1999,2025]" captionStartId-1="41.[229,272,2002,2028]" captionTargetBox-0="[251,1415,302,1971]" captionTargetBox-1="[232,1435,655,1967]" captionTargetId-0="figure-61@40.[251,1415,302,1971]" captionTargetId-1="figure-144@41.[232,1435,655,1967]" captionTargetPageId-0="40" captionTargetPageId-1="41" captionText-0="Fig. 22. Kotatea niwa gen. et sp. nov., holotype (MAGNT C015226), SEMs of sclerites. A. Collaret and points. B. Distal points. C. Tentacles. D. Polyp neck. E. Polyp mound. F. Lobe surface. G. Lobe interior." captionText-1="Fig. 23. Kotatea niwa gen. et sp. nov., holotype (MAGNT C015226), SEMs of sclerites. A. Base surface. B. Base interior. C. Polyps (in situ)." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7084498" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7084500" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/7084498/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/7084500/files/figure.png" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">22–23</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3726598B51C5C4CD19224A3CB24FB43" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BD73613B51C5C4CD19224A3C97DFBBC" blockId="39.[227,348,1003,1029]" box="[227,348,1003,1029]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
<heading id="D09F817FB51C5C4CD19224A3C97DFBBC" bold="true" box="[227,348,1003,1029]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B91CEA01B51C5C4CD19224A3C97DFBBC" bold="true" box="[227,348,1003,1029]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Diagnosis</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD73613B51C5C4CD1922350CB24FB43" blockId="39.[226,1438,1048,1274]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Colonies robustly lobate, orange with small red spots, and with white polyps. Collaret and points may be colourless or dark orange to red, and consist of warty, mostly flattened spindles and thorny clubs. Tentacles contain irregular, warty, scale-like sclerites. Polyp neck contains abundant warty rod-like forms. Polyp mounds contain similar sclerites and thorny clubs. Lobe surface contains thorny clubs and warty double-heads. Base surface contains warty radiates grading into double-heads, a few spheroids and tends to lack clubs. Lobe and base interior contains oval or rod-like forms girdled with warts, and highly sculptured spheroids and double-heads.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3726598B51C5C4CD1922268CB90FA31" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BD73613B51C5C4CD1922268C94BFA83" blockId="39.[227,362,1312,1338]" box="[227,362,1312,1338]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
<heading id="D09F817FB51C5C4CD1922268C94BFA83" bold="true" box="[227,362,1312,1338]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B91CEA01B51C5C4CD1922268C94BFA83" bold="true" box="[227,362,1312,1338]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Etymology</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD73613B51C5C4CD1922204CB90FA31" blockId="39.[227,1436,1356,1416]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
The species is named for NIWA, the National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research in
<collectingCountry id="F37F7683B51C5C4CD4142205C964FA31" name="New Zealand" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
, where the research described herein was conducted.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3726598B51C5C4CD19222E5C915F8E7" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BD73613B51C5C4CD19222E5C9F1FA7E" blockId="39.[227,464,1453,1479]" box="[227,464,1453,1479]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
<heading id="D09F817FB51C5C4CD19222E5C9F1FA7E" bold="true" box="[227,464,1453,1479]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B91CEA01B51C5C4CD19222E5C9F1FA7E" bold="true" box="[227,464,1453,1479]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Material examined</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD73613B51C5C4CD0612292CAEDF981" blockId="39.[227,1437,1498,1592]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
<materialsCitation id="3B003C4EB51C5C4CD0612292CAEDF981" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3909203335" collectingDate="1999-04" collectionCode="MAGNT" collectorName="J. Starmer" country="New Zealand" elevation="19" latitude="-34.4167" location="Spirits Bay" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="172.7833" municipality="Piwhane" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" specimenCode="C015226" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Northland" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="B91CEA01B51C5C4CD0612292C9A3FA4D" bold="true" box="[272,386,1498,1524]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
<typeStatus id="54D388B1B51C5C4CD0612292C9A3FA4D" box="[272,386,1498,1524]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F37F7683B51C5C4CD19222B4C998F9AF" box="[227,441,1532,1558]" name="New Zealand" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">NEW ZEALAND</collectingCountry>
<emphasis id="B91CEA01B51C5C4CD0B222B4C9ECF9AF" bold="true" box="[451,461,1532,1558]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">•</emphasis>
<collectingRegion id="49ACF8F1B51C5C4CD0A922B4CA73F9AF" box="[472,594,1532,1558]" country="New Zealand" name="Northland" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Northland</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6BB3AC69B51C5C4CD31122B4CAE4F9AF" box="[608,709,1532,1558]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Piwhane</collectingMunicipality>
/
<location id="8EB760C8B51C5C4CD3BF22B4CB76F9AF" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C18705B51C5C41D3E42421CCD3FB28:8EB760C8B51C5C4CD3BF22B4CB76F9AF" box="[718,855,1532,1558]" country="New Zealand" latitude="-34.4167" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="172.7833" municipality="Piwhane" name="Spirits Bay" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" stateProvince="Northland">Spirits Bay</location>
;
<geoCoordinate id="EE5C50D4B51C5C4CD21422B3CBCDF9AF" box="[869,1004,1531,1558]" degrees="34.4167" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" precision="5" value="-34.4167">34.4167° S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE5C50D4B51C5C4CD28D22B4CCB5F9AF" box="[1020,1172,1532,1558]" degrees="172.7833" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" precision="5" value="172.7833">172.7833° E</geoCoordinate>
; depth
<quantity id="4C909BF6B51C5C4CD59F22B4CD7DF9AF" box="[1262,1372,1532,1558]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.85" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.7" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" unit="m" value="18.5" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="17.0">
<elevation id="0045D120B51C5C4CD59F22B4CD7DF9AF" box="[1262,1372,1532,1558]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.85" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.7" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" unit="m" value="18.5" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="17.0">17–20 m</elevation>
</quantity>
;
<date id="FFD610D3B51C5C4CD41822B4C900F98E" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" value="1999-04">
<collectingDate id="EF92E93BB51C5C4CD41822B4C900F98E" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" value="1999-04">Apr. 1999</collectingDate>
</date>
;
<collectorName id="269D53C5B51C5C4CD05C2156C985F98E" box="[301,420,1565,1592]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">J. Starmer</collectorName>
leg.;
<collectionCode id="ED79AED6B51C5C4CD0972155CA70F98E" box="[486,593,1565,1591]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34986" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34986" name="Museum and Art Gallery of the Northern Territory" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="Museum">MAGNT</collectionCode>
<specimenCode id="DBCE9E68B51C5C4CD3292155CAE6F981" box="[600,711,1565,1592]" collectionCode="MAGNT" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34986" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34986" name="Museum and Art Gallery of the Northern Territory" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="Museum">C015226</specimenCode>
.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD73613B51C5C4CD0612115CDA8F903" blockId="39.[227,1437,1629,1722]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
<materialsCitation id="3B003C4EB51C5C4CD0612115CDA4F903" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3909203328" collectingDate="1999-04-20" collectionCode="MAGNT" collectorName="J. Starmer" country="New Zealand" county="South West Island" elevation="17" latitude="-34.1667" location="Manawatawhi" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="172.0833" municipality="Three Kings Islands" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" specimenCode="C015224" specimenCount="2" typeStatus="paratype">
<emphasis id="B91CEA01B51C5C4CD0612115C9A3F9CE" bold="true" box="[272,386,1629,1655]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
<typeStatus id="54D388B1B51C5C4CD0612115C9A3F9CE" box="[272,386,1629,1655]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F37F7683B51C5C4CD1922137C998F921" box="[227,441,1662,1689]" name="New Zealand" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">NEW ZEALAND</collectingCountry>
<emphasis id="B91CEA01B51C5C4CD0B52136C9EFF921" bold="true" box="[452,462,1662,1688]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">•</emphasis>
<specimenCount id="9D6EFD9AB51C5C4CD0A92136CA4EF921" box="[472,623,1662,1688]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="generic">2 specimens</specimenCount>
;
<location id="8EB760C8B51C5C4CD30F2136CB02F921" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C18705B51C5C41D3E42421CCD3FB28:8EB760C8B51C5C4CD30F2136CB02F921" box="[638,803,1662,1688]" country="New Zealand" county="South West Island" latitude="-34.1667" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="172.0833" municipality="Three Kings Islands" name="Manawatawhi" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Manawatāwhi</location>
/
<collectingMunicipality id="6BB3AC69B51C5C4CD25A2136CC00F921" box="[811,1057,1662,1688]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Three Kings Islands</collectingMunicipality>
, ~
<locationDeviation id="9A652F31B51C5C4CD5322136CD71F921" box="[1091,1360,1662,1689]" location="Moekawa" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
<quantity id="4C909BF6B51C5C4CD5322136CC5CF921" box="[1091,1149,1662,1688]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" unit="km" value="1.0">1 km</quantity>
NE of Moekawa
</locationDeviation>
/
<collectingCounty id="62B64E9FB51C5C4CD4282136C94EF900" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">South West Island</collectingCounty>
;
<geoCoordinate id="EE5C50D4B51C5C4CD00A21D7CA21F900" box="[379,512,1695,1721]" degrees="34.1667" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" precision="5" value="-34.1667">34.1667° S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE5C50D4B51C5C4CD37C21D7CA82F903" box="[525,675,1695,1722]" degrees="172.0833" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" precision="5" value="172.0833">172.0833° E</geoCoordinate>
; depth
<quantity id="4C909BF6B51C5C4CD38921D7CB17F903" box="[760,822,1695,1722]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" unit="m" value="17.0">
<elevation id="0045D120B51C5C4CD38921D7CB17F903" box="[760,822,1695,1722]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" unit="m" value="17.0">17 m</elevation>
</quantity>
;
<date id="FFD610D3B51C5C4CD23221D7CBFFF900" box="[835,990,1695,1722]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" value="1999-04-20">
<collectingDate id="EF92E93BB51C5C4CD23221D7CBFFF900" box="[835,990,1695,1722]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" value="1999-04-20">20 Apr. 1999</collectingDate>
</date>
;
<collectorName id="269D53C5B51C5C4CD29B21E8CC40F900" box="[1002,1121,1695,1722]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">J. Starmer</collectorName>
leg.;
<collectionCode id="ED79AED6B51C5C4CD5D221D7CD2FF900" box="[1187,1294,1695,1721]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34986" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34986" name="Museum and Art Gallery of the Northern Territory" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="Museum">MAGNT</collectionCode>
<specimenCode id="DBCE9E68B51C5C4CD46721D7CDA4F903" box="[1302,1413,1695,1722]" collectionCode="MAGNT" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34986" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34986" name="Museum and Art Gallery of the Northern Territory" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="Museum">C015224</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD73613B51C5C4CD0612197CA26F940" blockId="39.[227,1437,1759,1886]" box="[272,519,1759,1785]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
<emphasis id="B91CEA01B51C5C4CD0612197CA26F940" bold="true" box="[272,519,1759,1785]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Additional material</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD73613B51C5C4CD1922049C915F8E7" blockId="39.[227,1437,1759,1886]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
<materialsCitation id="3B003C4EB51C5C4CD1922049C911F8E7" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3909203388" collectingDate="2009-09-03" collectionCode="KAH, NIWA" country="New Zealand" elevation="39" latitude="-35.1917" location="Bay of Islands" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="174.1922" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" specimenCode="KAH0907, NIWA 58543" specimenCount="5" stateProvince="Northland">
<collectingCountry id="F37F7683B51C5C4CD1922049C996F8A2" box="[227,439,1793,1819]" name="New Zealand" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">NEW ZEALAND</collectingCountry>
<emphasis id="B91CEA01B51C5C4CD0B12048C9EBF8A3" bold="true" box="[448,458,1792,1818]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">•</emphasis>
<specimenCount id="9D6EFD9AB51C5C4CD0A32048CA46F8A3" box="[466,615,1792,1819]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="generic">5 specimens</specimenCount>
;
<collectingRegion id="49ACF8F1B51C5C4CD3052048CACFF8A3" box="[628,750,1792,1818]" country="New Zealand" name="Northland" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Northland</collectingRegion>
,
<location id="8EB760C8B51C5C4CD38B2049CB89F8A3" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C18705B51C5C41D3E42421CCD3FB28:8EB760C8B51C5C4CD38B2049CB89F8A3" box="[762,936,1792,1819]" country="New Zealand" latitude="-35.1917" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="174.1922" name="Bay of Islands" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" stateProvince="Northland">Bay of Islands</location>
, ~
<locationDeviation id="9A652F31B51C5C4CD2B92048CD25F8A3" box="[968,1284,1792,1819]" location="Okahu Island" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
<quantity id="4C909BF6B51C5C4CD2B92048CC20F8A3" box="[968,1025,1792,1818]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" unit="km" value="1.0">1 km</quantity>
NW of Okahu Island
</locationDeviation>
;
<geoCoordinate id="EE5C50D4B51C5C4CD4602048CDB6F8A3" box="[1297,1431,1792,1819]" degrees="35.1917" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" precision="5" value="-35.1917">35.1917° S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE5C50D4B51C5C4CD195206AC95CF885" box="[228,381,1826,1852]" degrees="174.1922" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" precision="5" value="174.1922">174.1922° E</geoCoordinate>
; depth
<quantity id="4C909BF6B51C5C4CD0AB206ACA69F885" box="[474,584,1826,1852]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.85" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="3.7" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" unit="m" value="38.5" valueMax="40.0" valueMin="37.0">
<elevation id="0045D120B51C5C4CD0AB206ACA69F885" box="[474,584,1826,1852]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.85" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="3.7" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" unit="m" value="38.5" valueMax="40.0" valueMin="37.0">37–40 m</elevation>
</quantity>
;
<date id="FFD610D3B51C5C4CD329206ACACFF885" box="[600,750,1826,1852]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" value="2009-09-03">
<collectingDate id="EF92E93BB51C5C4CD329206ACACFF885" box="[600,750,1826,1852]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" value="2009-09-03">3 Sep. 2009</collectingDate>
</date>
; Oceans Survey 2020 exped.; stn
<specimenCode id="DBCE9E68B51C5C4CD5E0206ACD2EF885" box="[1169,1295,1826,1852]" collectionCode="KAH" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">KAH0907</specimenCode>
/194;
<specimenCode id="DBCE9E68B51C5C4CD423206AC911F8E7" collectionCode="NIWA" country="New Zealand" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/nyq3-3g6s" name="National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="Other institutional type">NIWA 58543</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3726598B51C5C41D19220CACA82FC45" lastPageId="42" lastPageNumber="43" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BD73613B51C5C4CD19220CACAFAF827" blockId="39.[227,731,1922,1950]" box="[227,731,1922,1950]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
<emphasis id="B91CEA01B51C5C4CD19220CAC955F825" bold="true" box="[227,372,1922,1948]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Description</emphasis>
(
<typeStatus id="54D388B1B51C5C4CD0F220CBC9CDF824" box="[387,492,1923,1949]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
MAGNT C015226)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD73613B51C5C4CD06120E7C98EF870" blockId="39.[227,1436,1967,2063]" box="[272,431,1967,1993]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
<emphasis id="B91CEA01B51C5C4CD06120E7C98EF870" bold="true" box="[272,431,1967,1993]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Colony form</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD73613B51C5C42D1922099CBE0FE36" blockId="39.[227,1436,1967,2063]" lastBlockId="41.[227,1437,303,400]" lastPageId="41" lastPageNumber="42" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
The
<typeStatus id="54D388B1B51C5C4CD0692099C95EF852" box="[280,383,2001,2027]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
is a lobate colony, measuring
<quantity id="4C909BF6B51C5C4CD3902099CB10F852" box="[737,817,2001,2028]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" unit="cm" value="1.5">1.5 cm</quantity>
in height by
<quantity id="4C909BF6B51C5C4CD2BB2099CC3BF852" box="[970,1050,2001,2028]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" unit="cm" value="2.5">2.5 cm</quantity>
width (
<figureCitation id="13532A96B51C5C4CD5052099CCFEF852" box="[1140,1247,2001,2027]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="27.[227,270,1963,1989]" captionTargetBox="[233,1436,855,1923]" captionTargetId="figure-230@27.[233,1436,855,1923]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Fig. 14. Preserved specimens. A. Kotatea kurakootingotingo gen. et sp. nov. B. K. niwa gen. et sp. nov. C. K. kapotaiora gen. et sp. nov. Note that MAGNT C015224 and NIWA 58543 contain additional fragments that are not depicted. * = holotype." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7084480" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7084480/files/figure.png" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Fig. 14B</figureCitation>
). The surface of the colony (ethanol-preserved) is orange with small red spots, which are produced by red polyp neck and mound sclerites. Polyps occur all over the colony’s surface but are sparser towards its base and absent from the very short basal section. Polyps are white,
<quantity id="4C909BF6B5125C42D23F261ACBCAFED5" box="[846,1003,338,365]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.25" metricValueMax="7.5" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" unit="mm" value="0.625" valueMax="0.75" valueMin="0.5">0.5–0.75 mm</quantity>
tall when expanded, with colourless collaret and points (
<figureCitation id="13532A96B5125C42D0BC263DCA0AFE36" box="[461,555,373,399]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="9.[227,270,1719,1745]" captionTargetBox="[301,1361,302,1693]" captionTargetId="figure-185@9.[301,1361,302,1693]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Fig. 2. Polyps. A. Kotatea amicispongia gen. et sp. nov., holotype (NIWA 156312). B. K. aurantiaca gen. et comb. nov. (NIWA 75330). C. K. kapotaiora gen. et sp. nov., holotype (NIWA 3974). D. K. kurakootingotingo gen. et sp. nov., holotype (NIWA 101538). E. K. kurakootingotingo gen. et sp. nov., paratype, small polyp with coloured collaret and points (MAGNT C015221). F. K. lobata gen. et sp. nov., holotype (NIWA 101313). G. K. niwa gen. et sp. nov., holotype (MAGNT C015226). H. K. raekura gen. et sp. nov., holotype (NIWA 101537). I. Ushanaia ferruginea gen. et sp. nov., holotype (NIWA 156313). J. U. fervens gen. et sp. nov., holotype (NIWA 156311). K. U. solida gen. et sp. nov., holotype (NIWA 102133). L. K. aurantiaca gen. et comb. nov., in situ (uncollected specimen), Poor Knights Islands, photo by Ian Skipworth (ianskipworth.com). M. U. fervens gen. et sp. nov., in situ (uncollected specimen), Fiordland, photo by Shane Geange. Scale bars = ~1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7084450" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7084450/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Fig. 2G</figureCitation>
), but see variability section below.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF17669BB5135C43D1922087CDBCF7B5" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7084498" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7084498" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7084498/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" startId="40.[227,270,1999,2025]" targetBox="[251,1415,302,1971]" targetPageId="40">
<paragraph id="8BD73613B5135C43D1922087CDBCF7B5" blockId="40.[226,1437,1999,2061]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
<emphasis id="B91CEA01B5135C43D1922087C91FF850" bold="true" box="[227,318,1999,2025]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Fig. 22.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C684D90B5135C43D0342098C9C0F850" authority="Kessel &amp; Alderslade &amp; Bilewitch &amp; Schnabel &amp; Norman &amp; Potts &amp; Gardner, 2022" authorityName="Kessel &amp; Alderslade &amp; Bilewitch &amp; Schnabel &amp; Norman &amp; Potts &amp; Gardner" authorityYear="2022" box="[325,481,2000,2025]" class="Anthozoa" family="Alcyoniidae" genus="Kotatea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="niwa" status="gen. et sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B91CEA01B5135C43D0342098C9C0F850" box="[325,481,2000,2025]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Kotatea niwa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22F577AB5135C43D0962098CAB6F853" box="[487,663,2000,2026]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" rank="species">gen. et sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, holotype (MAGNT C015226), SEMs of sclerites.
<emphasis id="B91CEA01B5135C43D5982087CCDFF850" bold="true" box="[1257,1278,1999,2025]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">A</emphasis>
. Collaret and points.
<emphasis id="B91CEA01B5135C43D04920BAC96DF7B5" bold="true" box="[312,332,2034,2060]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">B</emphasis>
. Distal points.
<emphasis id="B91CEA01B5135C43D08820BACA2FF7B5" bold="true" box="[505,526,2034,2060]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">C</emphasis>
. Tentacles.
<emphasis id="B91CEA01B5135C43D3E620BACA8DF7B5" bold="true" box="[663,684,2034,2060]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">D</emphasis>
. Polyp neck.
<emphasis id="B91CEA01B5135C43D23B20BACB7FF7B5" bold="true" box="[842,862,2034,2060]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">E</emphasis>
. Polyp mound.
<emphasis id="B91CEA01B5135C43D56520BACC07F7B5" bold="true" box="[1044,1062,2034,2060]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">F</emphasis>
. Lobe surface.
<emphasis id="B91CEA01B5135C43D5A920BACCCEF7B5" bold="true" box="[1240,1263,2034,2060]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">G</emphasis>
. Lobe interior.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BD73613B5125C42D06126FEC95BFE69" blockId="41.[225,1437,438,606]" box="[272,378,438,464]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
<emphasis id="B91CEA01B5125C42D06126FEC95BFE69" bold="true" box="[272,378,438,464]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Sclerites</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD73613B5125C41D1922692CDBDFDDE" blockId="41.[225,1437,438,606]" lastBlockId="42.[226,1439,303,615]" lastPageId="42" lastPageNumber="43" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
Points are composed of warty spindles (~
<quantity id="4C909BF6B5125C42D3B82692CB56FE4D" box="[713,887,474,501]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" unit="mm" value="0.2" valueMax="0.25" valueMin="0.15">0.15–0.25 mm</quantity>
long), most of which are flattened, and thorny clubs distally (~
<quantity id="4C909BF6B5125C42D0EB26B5CA67FDA1" box="[410,582,509,536]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.2" metricValueMin="0.8" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" unit="mm" value="0.15" valueMax="0.22" valueMin="0.08">0.08–0.22 mm</quantity>
long) (
<figureCitation id="13532A96B5125C42D3E826B5CB09FDAE" box="[665,808,509,535]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="40.[227,270,1999,2025]" captionTargetBox="[251,1415,302,1971]" captionTargetId="figure-61@40.[251,1415,302,1971]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="Fig. 22. Kotatea niwa gen. et sp. nov., holotype (MAGNT C015226), SEMs of sclerites. A. Collaret and points. B. Distal points. C. Tentacles. D. Polyp neck. E. Polyp mound. F. Lobe surface. G. Lobe interior." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7084498" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7084498/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Fig. 22A–B</figureCitation>
). Proximally, the spindles become larger, more robust, and more crescentic (~
<quantity id="4C909BF6B5125C42D09A2568CAAAFD82" box="[491,651,544,571]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.9" metricValueMax="3.8" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" unit="mm" value="0.29" valueMax="0.38" valueMin="0.2">0.2–0.38 mm</quantity>
long), transitioning into a transverse orientation and merging with the collaret (
<figureCitation id="13532A96B5125C42D00B250BC9C8FDE7" box="[378,489,579,606]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="40.[227,270,1999,2025]" captionTargetBox="[251,1415,302,1971]" captionTargetId="figure-61@40.[251,1415,302,1971]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="Fig. 22. Kotatea niwa gen. et sp. nov., holotype (MAGNT C015226), SEMs of sclerites. A. Collaret and points. B. Distal points. C. Tentacles. D. Polyp neck. E. Polyp mound. F. Lobe surface. G. Lobe interior." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7084498" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7084498/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Fig. 22A</figureCitation>
). The number of collaret rows is variable depending on polyp size, but in large polyps this is approximately seven rows (
<figureCitation id="13532A96B5115C41D3A92667CB67FEF0" box="[728,838,303,329]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="41.[229,272,2002,2028]" captionTargetBox="[232,1435,655,1967]" captionTargetId="figure-144@41.[232,1435,655,1967]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="Fig. 23. Kotatea niwa gen. et sp. nov., holotype (MAGNT C015226), SEMs of sclerites. A. Base surface. B. Base interior. C. Polyps (in situ)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7084500" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7084500/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Fig. 23C</figureCitation>
). The tentacles contain irregular, warty, scale-like forms, often slightly crescentic (~
<quantity id="4C909BF6B5115C41D305261ACB05FED4" box="[628,804,338,365]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.15" metricValueMax="1.7999999999999998" metricValueMin="0.5" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" unit="mm" value="0.11499999999999999" valueMax="0.18" valueMin="0.05">0.05–0.18 mm</quantity>
long) (
<figureCitation id="13532A96B5115C41D20C261ACBCDFED4" box="[893,1004,338,365]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="40.[227,270,1999,2025]" captionTargetBox="[251,1415,302,1971]" captionTargetId="figure-61@40.[251,1415,302,1971]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="Fig. 22. Kotatea niwa gen. et sp. nov., holotype (MAGNT C015226), SEMs of sclerites. A. Collaret and points. B. Distal points. C. Tentacles. D. Polyp neck. E. Polyp mound. F. Lobe surface. G. Lobe interior." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7084498" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7084498/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Fig. 22C</figureCitation>
). The polyp neck contains abundant warty rod-like forms (~
<quantity id="4C909BF6B5115C41D372263ECA87FE28" box="[515,678,374,401]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="8.0" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" unit="mm" value="0.09" valueMax="0.1" valueMin="0.08">0.08–0.1 mm</quantity>
long) (
<figureCitation id="13532A96B5115C41D272263ECB54FE29" box="[771,885,374,400]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="40.[227,270,1999,2025]" captionTargetBox="[251,1415,302,1971]" captionTargetId="figure-61@40.[251,1415,302,1971]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="Fig. 22. Kotatea niwa gen. et sp. nov., holotype (MAGNT C015226), SEMs of sclerites. A. Collaret and points. B. Distal points. C. Tentacles. D. Polyp neck. E. Polyp mound. F. Lobe surface. G. Lobe interior." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7084498" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7084498/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Fig. 22D</figureCitation>
), which extend into the polyp mound, where they gradually give way to thorny clubs (~
<quantity id="4C909BF6B5115C41D39626D2CBB9FE0C" box="[743,920,410,437]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.05" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="0.6" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" unit="mm" value="0.105" valueMax="0.15" valueMin="0.06">0.06–0.15 mm</quantity>
long) (
<figureCitation id="13532A96B5115C41D28226D2CC40FE0D" box="[1011,1121,410,436]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="40.[227,270,1999,2025]" captionTargetBox="[251,1415,302,1971]" captionTargetId="figure-61@40.[251,1415,302,1971]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="Fig. 22. Kotatea niwa gen. et sp. nov., holotype (MAGNT C015226), SEMs of sclerites. A. Collaret and points. B. Distal points. C. Tentacles. D. Polyp neck. E. Polyp mound. F. Lobe surface. G. Lobe interior." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7084498" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7084498/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Fig. 22E</figureCitation>
). The surface of the lobes between polyp mounds contains a mixture of thorny clubs and warty double-heads (~
<quantity id="4C909BF6B5115C41D59D26F6CDBCFE61" box="[1260,1437,446,473]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.15" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="0.8" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" unit="mm" value="0.11499999999999999" valueMax="0.15" valueMin="0.08">0.08–0.15 mm</quantity>
long) (
<figureCitation id="13532A96B5115C41D04326AAC9BDFE45" box="[306,412,482,508]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="40.[227,270,1999,2025]" captionTargetBox="[251,1415,302,1971]" captionTargetId="figure-61@40.[251,1415,302,1971]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="Fig. 22. Kotatea niwa gen. et sp. nov., holotype (MAGNT C015226), SEMs of sclerites. A. Collaret and points. B. Distal points. C. Tentacles. D. Polyp neck. E. Polyp mound. F. Lobe surface. G. Lobe interior." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7084498" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7084498/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Fig. 22F</figureCitation>
). The surface of the base contains warty radiates grading into double-heads, and a few spheroids but tends to lack clubs (
<figureCitation id="13532A96B5115C41D303254DCAC1FD99" box="[626,736,517,544]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="41.[229,272,2002,2028]" captionTargetBox="[232,1435,655,1967]" captionTargetId="figure-144@41.[232,1435,655,1967]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="Fig. 23. Kotatea niwa gen. et sp. nov., holotype (MAGNT C015226), SEMs of sclerites. A. Base surface. B. Base interior. C. Polyps (in situ)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7084500" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7084500/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Fig. 23A</figureCitation>
). The interior of both the lobes and the base contains highly sculptured spheroids and double-heads, as well as some oval or rod-like forms girdled with warts, all of which are usually larger than the sclerites of the surface regions (~
<quantity id="4C909BF6B5115C41D29B2505CCA8FDDE" box="[1002,1161,589,615]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" unit="mm" value="0.16" valueMax="0.2" valueMin="0.12">0.12–0.2 mm</quantity>
long) (
<figureCitation id="13532A96B5115C41D5AC2505CD6FFDDE" box="[1245,1358,589,615]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="40.[227,270,1999,2025]" captionTargetBox="[251,1415,302,1971]" captionTargetId="figure-61@40.[251,1415,302,1971]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="Fig. 22. Kotatea niwa gen. et sp. nov., holotype (MAGNT C015226), SEMs of sclerites. A. Collaret and points. B. Distal points. C. Tentacles. D. Polyp neck. E. Polyp mound. F. Lobe surface. G. Lobe interior." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7084498" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7084498/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Figs 22G</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13532A96B5115C41D42B2505CDAEFDDE" box="[1370,1423,589,615]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="41.[229,272,2002,2028]" captionTargetBox="[232,1435,655,1967]" captionTargetId="figure-144@41.[232,1435,655,1967]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="Fig. 23. Kotatea niwa gen. et sp. nov., holotype (MAGNT C015226), SEMs of sclerites. A. Base surface. B. Base interior. C. Polyps (in situ)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7084500" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7084500/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">23B</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF17669BB5125C42D194209ACAA6F7B6" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7084500" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7084500" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7084500/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" startId="41.[229,272,2002,2028]" targetBox="[232,1435,655,1967]" targetPageId="41">
<paragraph id="8BD73613B5125C42D194209ACAA6F7B6" blockId="41.[225,1437,2002,2064]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
<emphasis id="B91CEA01B5125C42D194209AC91FF855" bold="true" box="[229,318,2002,2028]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Fig. 23.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C684D90B5125C42D032209BC9FEF855" authority="Kessel &amp; Alderslade &amp; Bilewitch &amp; Schnabel &amp; Norman &amp; Potts &amp; Gardner, 2022" authorityName="Kessel &amp; Alderslade &amp; Bilewitch &amp; Schnabel &amp; Norman &amp; Potts &amp; Gardner" authorityYear="2022" box="[323,479,2003,2028]" class="Anthozoa" family="Alcyoniidae" genus="Kotatea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="niwa" status="gen. et sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B91CEA01B5125C42D032209BC9FEF855" box="[323,479,2003,2028]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Kotatea niwa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22F577AB5125C42D094209BCAB2F854" box="[485,659,2003,2029]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" rank="species">gen. et sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, holotype (MAGNT C015226), SEMs of sclerites.
<emphasis id="B91CEA01B5125C42D5AF209ACCD2F855" bold="true" box="[1246,1267,2002,2028]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">A</emphasis>
. Base surface.
<emphasis id="B91CEA01B5125C42D19020BDC8D4F7B6" bold="true" box="[225,245,2037,2063]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">B</emphasis>
. Base interior.
<emphasis id="B91CEA01B5125C42D0D820BDC99FF7B6" bold="true" box="[425,446,2037,2063]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">C</emphasis>
. Polyps (in situ).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BD73613B5115C41D19225C7C948FD10" blockId="42.[227,361,655,681]" box="[227,361,655,681]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
<heading id="D09F817FB5115C41D19225C7C948FD10" bold="true" box="[227,361,655,681]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B91CEA01B5115C41D19225C7C948FD10" bold="true" box="[227,361,655,681]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Variability</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD73613B5115C41D19225F6CCE9FCFD" blockId="42.[226,1436,702,836]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
Both the
<typeStatus id="54D388B1B5115C41D03F25F7C992FD60" box="[334,435,703,729]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
and NIWA 58543 possess collaret and point sclerites which are coloured dark orange to red (colourless in
<typeStatus id="54D388B1B5115C41D0A125AACA18FD45" box="[464,569,738,764]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
) in their smaller polyps. All three preserved lots are otherwise very similar in colony colour and growth form (
<figureCitation id="13532A96B5115C41D3E8244ECB28FC99" box="[665,777,774,800]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="27.[227,270,1963,1989]" captionTargetBox="[233,1436,855,1923]" captionTargetId="figure-230@27.[233,1436,855,1923]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Fig. 14. Preserved specimens. A. Kotatea kurakootingotingo gen. et sp. nov. B. K. niwa gen. et sp. nov. C. K. kapotaiora gen. et sp. nov. Note that MAGNT C015224 and NIWA 58543 contain additional fragments that are not depicted. * = holotype." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7084480" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7084480/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Fig. 14B</figureCitation>
), and the
<typeStatus id="54D388B1B5115C41D2F9244ECBCCFC99" box="[904,1005,774,800]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
and NIWA 58543 correspond very closely to the
<typeStatus id="54D388B1B5115C41D0F62461C9CFFCFA" box="[391,494,809,835]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
in terms of sclerite composition and size ranges (
<figureCitation id="13532A96B5115C41D5432461CC9DFCFD" box="[1074,1212,809,836]" captionStart-0="Fig" captionStart-1="Fig" captionStartId-0="40.[227,270,1999,2025]" captionStartId-1="41.[229,272,2002,2028]" captionTargetBox-0="[251,1415,302,1971]" captionTargetBox-1="[232,1435,655,1967]" captionTargetId-0="figure-61@40.[251,1415,302,1971]" captionTargetId-1="figure-144@41.[232,1435,655,1967]" captionTargetPageId-0="40" captionTargetPageId-1="41" captionText-0="Fig. 22. Kotatea niwa gen. et sp. nov., holotype (MAGNT C015226), SEMs of sclerites. A. Collaret and points. B. Distal points. C. Tentacles. D. Polyp neck. E. Polyp mound. F. Lobe surface. G. Lobe interior." captionText-1="Fig. 23. Kotatea niwa gen. et sp. nov., holotype (MAGNT C015226), SEMs of sclerites. A. Base surface. B. Base interior. C. Polyps (in situ)." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7084498" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7084500" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/7084498/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/7084500/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Figs 22–23</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD73613B5115C41D1922423C9A8FC3C" blockId="42.[227,393,875,901]" box="[227,393,875,901]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
<heading id="D09F817FB5115C41D1922423C9A8FC3C" bold="true" box="[227,393,875,901]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B91CEA01B5115C41D1922423C9A8FC3C" bold="true" box="[227,393,875,901]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Comparisons</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD73613B5115C41D19224D3CA82FC45" blockId="42.[226,1436,922,1021]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
<taxonomicName id="4C684D90B5115C41D19224D3C9A2FC0D" authority="Kessel &amp; Alderslade &amp; Bilewitch &amp; Schnabel &amp; Norman &amp; Potts &amp; Gardner, 2022" authorityName="Kessel &amp; Alderslade &amp; Bilewitch &amp; Schnabel &amp; Norman &amp; Potts &amp; Gardner" authorityYear="2022" box="[227,387,923,948]" class="Anthozoa" family="Alcyoniidae" genus="Kotatea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="niwa" status="gen. et sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B91CEA01B5115C41D19224D3C9A2FC0D" box="[227,387,923,948]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Kotatea niwa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22F577AB5115C41D0FC24D3CA67FC0C" box="[397,582,923,949]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" rank="species">gen. et sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
is most similar to
<taxonomicName id="4C684D90B5115C41D25C24D3CC0AFC0D" authority="Kessel &amp; Alderslade &amp; Bilewitch &amp; Schnabel &amp; Norman &amp; Potts &amp; Gardner, 2022" authorityName="Kessel &amp; Alderslade &amp; Bilewitch &amp; Schnabel &amp; Norman &amp; Potts &amp; Gardner" authorityYear="2022" box="[813,1067,922,948]" class="Anthozoa" family="Alcyoniidae" genus="Kotatea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="kurakootingotingo" status="gen. et sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B91CEA01B5115C41D25C24D3CC0AFC0D" box="[813,1067,922,948]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">K. kurakootingotingo</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22F577AB5115C41D54424D3CCCFFC0C" box="[1077,1262,923,949]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" rank="species">gen. et sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C684D90B5115C41D45D24D3CDBDFC0D" authority="Kessel &amp; Alderslade &amp; Bilewitch &amp; Schnabel &amp; Norman &amp; Potts &amp; Gardner, 2022" authorityName="Kessel &amp; Alderslade &amp; Bilewitch &amp; Schnabel &amp; Norman &amp; Potts &amp; Gardner" authorityYear="2022" box="[1324,1436,922,948]" class="Anthozoa" family="Alcyoniidae" genus="Kotatea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="lobata" status="gen. et sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B91CEA01B5115C41D45D24D3CDBDFC0D" box="[1324,1436,922,948]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">K. lobata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22F577AB5115C41D19224F7C9B3FC60" box="[227,402,959,985]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" rank="species">gen. et sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, which share its robust, lobate growth form. Differences from these species are discussed under their respective accounts above.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3726598B5115C41D192236CCCD3FB28" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BD73613B5115C41D192236CCA34FB87" blockId="42.[227,533,1060,1086]" box="[227,533,1060,1086]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
<heading id="D09F817FB5115C41D192236CCA34FB87" bold="true" box="[227,533,1060,1086]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B91CEA01B5115C41D192236CCA34FB87" bold="true" box="[227,533,1060,1086]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Habitat and distribution</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD73613B5115C41D192231BCCD3FB28" blockId="42.[227,1436,1107,1170]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
Specimens of
<taxonomicName id="4C684D90B5115C41D0F6231CCA05FBD4" authority="Kessel &amp; Alderslade &amp; Bilewitch &amp; Schnabel &amp; Norman &amp; Potts &amp; Gardner, 2022" authorityName="Kessel &amp; Alderslade &amp; Bilewitch &amp; Schnabel &amp; Norman &amp; Potts &amp; Gardner" authorityYear="2022" box="[391,548,1108,1133]" class="Anthozoa" family="Alcyoniidae" genus="Kotatea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="niwa" status="gen. et sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B91CEA01B5115C41D0F6231CCA05FBD4" box="[391,548,1108,1133]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Kotatea niwa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22F577AB5115C41D35A231CCAFBFBD7" box="[555,730,1108,1134]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" rank="species">gen. et sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
were collected from the Manawatāwhi/Three Kings Islands, Piwhane/Spirits Bay and the Bay of Islands at depths between 17 and
<quantity id="4C909BF6B5115C41D569233FCC75FB2B" box="[1048,1108,1143,1170]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" unit="m" value="40.0">40 m</quantity>
(
<figureCitation id="13532A96B5115C41D515233FCCC4FB28" box="[1124,1253,1143,1169]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="8.[227,270,1738,1764]" captionTargetBox="[227,1437,338,1699]" captionTargetId="figure-138@8.[227,1437,338,1699]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig. 1. Collection sites of specimens of Kotatea gen. nov. and Ushanaia gen. nov. Holotype collection sites are indicated by white symbols, paratypes and other material by black symbols. In the case of K. aurantiaca gen. et comb. nov., the type collection site refers to that described by Quoy &amp; Gaimard (1833). A. Manawatāwhi/Three Kings Islands. B. Far northern NZ, from Piwhane/Spirits Bay to the Poor Knights Islands. C. Northern NZ, from the Mokohinau Islands to East Cape. D. Central NZ, Cook Strait to Banks Peninsula. E. South-East NZ, Fiordland. Note that the holotypes of K. kapotaiora gen. et sp. nov. and K. teorowai gen. et sp. nov. share the same collection site." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7084448" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7084448/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Fig. 1A–B</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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