169 lines
20 KiB
XML
169 lines
20 KiB
XML
<document id="C4108EE488D093BC85D37676D1204EC8" ID-DOI="10.1206/0003-0082(2008)3610[1:NROFWF]2.0.CO;2" ID-ISSN="0003-0082" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5389351" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1630310202857" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="Dyke, Gareth J. & Walker, Cyril A." docDate="2008" docId="C6648790FFD12C10FD400D58FB9DFB9C" docLanguage="en" docName="N3610.pdf" docOrigin="American Museum Novitates 3610 (1)" docSource="http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2008)3610%5B1%3ANROFWF%5D2.0.CO%3B2" docStyle="DocumentStyle:70DDF1BDF6846024993F05262BAE3001.3:AmMusNovit.2000-2010.journal_article.type1" docStyleId="70DDF1BDF6846024993F05262BAE3001" docStyleName="AmMusNovit.2000-2010.journal_article.type1" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Nycticorax nycticorax cf. nycticorax Linnaeus 1758" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="7" masterDocId="3A5DFFE8FFD42C16FFF1083FFFC9FFAA" masterDocTitle="New Records of Fossil ‘ Waterbirds’ from the Miocene of Kenya" masterLastPageNumber="12" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="6" updateTime="1699222466931" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="879F0DB3AAD74407A6CB7445B1CA5328">New Records of Fossil ‘ Waterbirds’ from the Miocene of Kenya</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="59EBC0CE93D60EE212D4FB764569303F">Dyke, Gareth J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="484284499F842213DF1D78678902F5DD">Walker, Cyril A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="DC2E51073C0980603ECBD80A00671471">American Museum Novitates</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="BD7C0E3DCFBC797D06D9A5BC3485E45E">
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<mods:date id="9C7D88766415CE94F21469EFF3DC31FF">2008</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="5CCDFEBFE9DE7118A69006C81F79E534">2008-04-09</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="8575E2F39AD5663448B4DACED90716A9">3610</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="87929D50120436E73C73BB5CE4F63C94" type="DOI">10.1206/0003-0082(2008)3610[1:NROFWF]2.0.CO;2</mods:identifier>
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<subSubSection id="06D7650DFFD12C13FD400D58FB4EFAD5" box="[689,1159,1383,1407]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="4E723686FFD12C13FD400D58FB4EFAD5" blockId="5.[689,1159,1383,1407]" box="[689,1159,1383,1407]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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<heading id="153A81EAFFD12C13FD400D58FB4EFAD5" box="[689,1159,1383,1407]" centered="true" fontSize="36" level="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" reason="8">
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<taxonomicName id="89CD4D05FFD12C13FD400D58FB4EFAD5" ID-CoL="485KR" authority="cf. nycticorax Linnaeus, 1758" authorityName="cf. nycticorax Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[689,1159,1383,1407]" class="Aves" family="Ardeidae" genus="Nycticorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pelecaniformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nycticorax">
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<emphasis id="7CB9EA94FFD12C13FD400D58FCE7FAD5" box="[689,814,1383,1407]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Nycticorax</emphasis>
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cf.
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<emphasis id="7CB9EA94FFD12C13FCAD0D58FC18FAD5" box="[860,977,1383,1407]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">nycticorax</emphasis>
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Linnaeus, 1758
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="06D7650DFFD12C13FD410DA4FBCCF934" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="4E723686FFD12C13FD410DA4FB68FA7A" blockId="5.[662,1188,1435,1754]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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MATERIAL: KNM
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<collectionCode id="28DCAE43FFD12C13FC620DA4FC76FA19" box="[915,959,1435,1459]" country="Portugal" name="Universidade de Lisboa, Museu Bocage" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">MB</collectionCode>
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562, right coracoid lacking ventral portion of sternal end (
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<figureCitation id="D6F62A03FFD12C13FBA70D87FB5AFA7A" box="[1110,1171,1464,1488]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[151,189,703,725]" captionTargetBox="[205,1148,211,668]" captionTargetId="figure-404@6.[205,1149,210,669]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 3. New records of Miocene Kenyan waterbirds. Indeterminate cranial end of right coracoid referred to Threskiornithidae (KNM MB 563) in ventral (A), dorsal (B), and medial (C) views; Nycticorax cf. nycticorax, incomplete right coracoid (KNH MB 562) in medial (D), dorsal (E), and ventral (F) views. Not to scale, see text for measurements." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5389363" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5389363/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">fig. 3</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="4E723686FFD12C13FD410DE9FBCCF934" blockId="5.[662,1188,1435,1754]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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LOCALITY AND AGE: Maboko Island, Lake Victoria, western
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<collectingCountry id="36DA7616FFD12C13FC9E0DCBFC77F9A6" box="[879,958,1524,1548]" name="Kenya" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Kenya</collectingCountry>
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. The age of these deposits has been estimated to be 16.5– 14.5 mya; sediments at Maboko are somewhat older than those exposed at Ngorora and have been inferred to represent a floodplain environment (
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<bibRefCitation id="2A5C4B77FFD12C13FCF60EB9FC31F934" author="Andrews, P. & G. E. Meyer & D. R. Pilbeam & J. A. Van Couvering & J. A. H. Van Couvering" box="[775,1016,1670,1694]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="35 - 48" refId="ref4886" refString="Andrews, P., G. E. Meyer, D. R. Pilbeam, J. A. Van Couvering, and J. A. H. Van Couvering. 1981. The Miocene beds of Maboko Island, Kenya: geology, age, taphonomy, and palaeontology. Journal of Human Evolution 10: 35 - 48." type="journal article" year="1981">Andrews et al., 1981</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="06D7650DFFD12C10FD410E9AFF35F970" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="4E723686FFD12C10FD410E9AFE5BFB6D" blockId="5.[662,1188,1435,1754]" lastBlockId="6.[128,654,845,1754]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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DISCUSSION: Although the Night Heron (
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<taxonomicName id="89CD4D05FFD12C13FD6F0EFDFCD3F970" box="[670,794,1730,1754]" class="Aves" family="Ardeidae" genus="Nycticorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pelecaniformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="7CB9EA94FFD12C13FD6F0EFDFCD3F970" box="[670,794,1730,1754]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Nycticorax</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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) appears to represent a distinct taxon that may have separated early from the other herons (
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<taxonomicName id="89CD4D05FFD22C10FEEA0B55FE4EFC28" authorityName="VIGORS" authorityYear="1825" box="[283,391,874,898]" class="Aves" family="Ardeidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pelecaniformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Ardeidae</taxonomicName>
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), there is presently little fossil evidence for this.
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<bibRefCitation id="2A5C4B77FFD22C10FE740BB7FD47FC0A" author="Rasmussen, D. T. & S. L. Olson & E. L. Simons" box="[389,654,904,928]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="1 - 20" refId="ref6126" refString="Rasmussen, D. T., S. L. Olson, and E. L. Simons. 1987. Fossil birds from the Oligocene Jebel Qatrani Formation, Fayum Province, Egypt. Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology 62: 1 - 20." type="journal article" year="1987">Rasmussen et al. (1987)</bibRefCitation>
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described a tarsometatarsus from the Jabal Qatrani Formation (Oligocene) in Fayum Province,
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<collectingCountry id="36DA7616FFD22C10FF020BDFFEF0FC52" box="[243,313,992,1016]" name="Egypt" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Egypt</collectingCountry>
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, which they considered virtually indistinguishable from the recent Blackcrowned Night Heron (
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<taxonomicName id="89CD4D05FFD22C10FE760C24FDB4FB99" authority="nycticorax" authorityName="cf. nycticorax Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[391,637,1051,1075]" class="Aves" family="Ardeidae" genus="Nycticorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pelecaniformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nycticorax">
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<emphasis id="7CB9EA94FFD22C10FE760C24FDB4FB99" box="[391,637,1051,1075]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Nycticorax nycticorax</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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), currently present throughout Africa, southern Europe, and Asia (
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<bibRefCitation id="2A5C4B77FFD22C10FEAA0C69FD4BFBC4" author="Monroe, B. L., Jr. & C. G. Sibley" box="[347,642,1110,1134]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refId="ref5818" refString="Monroe, B. L., Jr., and C. G. Sibley. 1993. A world checklist of birds. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 393 pp." type="book" year="1993">Monroe and Sibley, 1993</bibRefCitation>
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). This appears to be the earliest Paleogene record of the genus known to date (
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<bibRefCitation id="2A5C4B77FFD22C10FE1A0CAEFD43FB03" author="Olson, S. L." box="[491,650,1169,1193]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="89 - 238" refId="ref5989" refString="Olson, S. L. 1985 a. The fossil record of birds. In D. S. Farner, J. R. King and K. C. Parkes (editors), Avian biology. Vol. 8: 89 - 238. New York: Academic Press." type="journal article" year="1985">Olson, 1985a</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="2A5C4B77FFD22C10FF710C90FE4CFB6D" author="Rasmussen, D. T. & S. L. Olson & E. L. Simons" box="[128,389,1199,1223]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="1 - 20" refId="ref6126" refString="Rasmussen, D. T., S. L. Olson, and E. L. Simons. 1987. Fossil birds from the Oligocene Jebel Qatrani Formation, Fayum Province, Egypt. Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology 62: 1 - 20." type="journal article" year="1987">Rasmussen et al., 1987</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="1AB2660EFFD22C10FF660A80FE18FC8E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5389363" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5389363" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5389363/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" startId="6.[151,189,703,725]" targetBox="[205,1148,211,668]" targetPageId="6">
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||
<paragraph id="4E723686FFD22C10FF660A80FE18FC8E" blockId="6.[128,1228,703,804]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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Fig. 3. New records of Miocene Kenyan waterbirds. Indeterminate cranial end of right coracoid referred to
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<taxonomicName id="89CD4D05FFD22C10FF510AE6FE9EFD45" authorityName="RICHMOND" authorityYear="1917" box="[160,343,729,751]" class="Aves" family="Threskiornithidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pelecaniformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Threskiornithidae</taxonomicName>
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(KNM MB 563) in ventral (
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<emphasis id="7CB9EA94FFD22C10FD680AE6FD63FD45" bold="true" box="[665,682,729,751]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">A</emphasis>
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), dorsal (
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<emphasis id="7CB9EA94FFD22C10FCE70AE6FCEFFD45" bold="true" box="[790,806,729,751]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">B</emphasis>
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), and medial (
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<emphasis id="7CB9EA94FFD22C10FC380AE6FC13FD45" bold="true" box="[969,986,729,751]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">C</emphasis>
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) views;
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<taxonomicName id="89CD4D05FFD22C10FBC60AE5FF23FCA3" authority="cf. nycticorax" authorityName="cf. nycticorax Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" class="Aves" family="Ardeidae" genus="Nycticorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pelecaniformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nycticorax">
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<emphasis id="7CB9EA94FFD22C10FBC60AE5FB6EFD45" box="[1079,1191,730,751]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Nycticorax</emphasis>
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cf.
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<emphasis id="7CB9EA94FFD22C10FF710ACBFF23FCA3" box="[128,234,756,777]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">nycticorax</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, incomplete right coracoid (KNH MB 562) in medial (
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<emphasis id="7CB9EA94FFD22C10FCE00ACBFCEAFCA0" bold="true" box="[785,803,756,778]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">D</emphasis>
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), dorsal (
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<emphasis id="7CB9EA94FFD22C10FC750ACBFC5DFCA0" bold="true" box="[900,916,756,778]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">E</emphasis>
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), and ventral (
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<emphasis id="7CB9EA94FFD22C10FBD90ACBFBFFFCA0" bold="true" box="[1064,1078,756,778]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">F</emphasis>
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) views. Not to scale, see text for measurements.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="4E723686FFD22C10FF6B0CF2FF35F970" blockId="6.[128,654,845,1754]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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The coracoid from Maboko Island (KNM MB 562) is typical of
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<taxonomicName id="89CD4D05FFD22C10FE890CD4FE3CFAA9" box="[376,501,1259,1283]" class="Aves" family="Ardeidae" genus="Nycticorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pelecaniformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="7CB9EA94FFD22C10FE890CD4FE3CFAA9" box="[376,501,1259,1283]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Nycticorax</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in that it has a projecting processus acrocoracoideus and a ventrally developed facies articularis clavicularis (
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<figureCitation id="D6F62A03FFD22C10FF4E0D7CFF35FAF1" box="[191,252,1347,1371]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[151,189,703,725]" captionTargetBox="[205,1148,211,668]" captionTargetId="figure-404@6.[205,1149,210,669]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 3. New records of Miocene Kenyan waterbirds. Indeterminate cranial end of right coracoid referred to Threskiornithidae (KNM MB 563) in ventral (A), dorsal (B), and medial (C) views; Nycticorax cf. nycticorax, incomplete right coracoid (KNH MB 562) in medial (D), dorsal (E), and ventral (F) views. Not to scale, see text for measurements." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5389363" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5389363/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">fig. 3</figureCitation>
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). The shape of the concavity of the surface between the processus acrocoracoideus and the facies articularis humeralis in this specimen distinguishes it from the neotropical Yellow-crowned Night Heron (
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<emphasis id="7CB9EA94FFD22C10FDF70D86FF10FA44" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Nyctinyassa violacea</emphasis>
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); this concave area also resembles extant specimens of
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<taxonomicName id="89CD4D05FFD22C10FE790DCBFD44F9A6" authority="nycticorax" authorityName="cf. nycticorax Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[392,653,1524,1548]" class="Aves" family="Ardeidae" genus="Nycticorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pelecaniformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nycticorax">
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<emphasis id="7CB9EA94FFD22C10FE790DCBFD44F9A6" box="[392,653,1524,1548]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Nycticorax nycticorax</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<figureCitation id="D6F62A03FFD22C10FF760E2EFF0CF983" box="[135,197,1553,1577]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[151,189,703,725]" captionTargetBox="[205,1148,211,668]" captionTargetId="figure-404@6.[205,1149,210,669]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 3. New records of Miocene Kenyan waterbirds. Indeterminate cranial end of right coracoid referred to Threskiornithidae (KNM MB 563) in ventral (A), dorsal (B), and medial (C) views; Nycticorax cf. nycticorax, incomplete right coracoid (KNH MB 562) in medial (D), dorsal (E), and ventral (F) views. Not to scale, see text for measurements." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5389363" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5389363/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">fig. 3</figureCitation>
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). Although the dimensions of KNM MB 562 are smaller than comparative material of both these two extant genera (perhaps suggesting specific status for this specimen), we follow
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<bibRefCitation id="2A5C4B77FFD22C10FF0E0EB8FDD5F935" author="Rasmussen, D. T. & S. L. Olson & E. L. Simons" box="[255,540,1671,1695]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="1 - 20" refId="ref6126" refString="Rasmussen, D. T., S. L. Olson, and E. L. Simons. 1987. Fossil birds from the Oligocene Jebel Qatrani Formation, Fayum Province, Egypt. Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology 62: 1 - 20." type="journal article" year="1987">Rasmussen et al. (1987)</bibRefCitation>
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in tentatively referring this fossil to the extant
|
||
<taxonomicName id="89CD4D05FFD22C10FD830E9AFF3CF970" authorityName="cf. nycticorax Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" class="Aves" family="Ardeidae" genus="Nycticorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pelecaniformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nycticorax">
|
||
<emphasis id="7CB9EA94FFD22C10FD830E9AFF3CF970" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">N. nycticorax</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="06D7650DFFD22C10FD290B72FB9DFB9C" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="4E723686FFD22C10FD290B72FB97FC53" blockId="6.[701,1227,845,1017]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
MEASUREMENTS: KNM MB 562, preserved length to dorsal lip of facies articularis sternalis—
|
||
<quantity id="89359B63FFD22C10FD030BB7FC8BFC0A" box="[754,834,904,928]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="41.0">41 mm</quantity>
|
||
; maximum medial width of head—
|
||
<quantity id="89359B63FFD22C10FD4C0B99FCCBFC14" box="[701,770,934,958]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="9.0">9 mm</quantity>
|
||
; dorsal thickness of head—
|
||
<quantity id="89359B63FFD22C10FBC40B99FBB3FC14" box="[1077,1146,934,958]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="4.0">4 mm</quantity>
|
||
; lateral width to processus procoracoideus—
|
||
<quantity id="89359B63FFD22C10FB750BFBFB01FC76" box="[1156,1224,964,988]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="7.0">7 mm</quantity>
|
||
; dorsal thickness at midshaft—
|
||
<quantity id="89359B63FFD22C10FBE40BDEFB93FC53" box="[1045,1114,993,1017]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="4.0">4 mm</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4E723686FFD22C10FCBB0C1CFB9DFB9C" blockId="6.[842,1108,1059,1078]" box="[842,1108,1059,1078]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="89CD4D05FFD22C10FCBB0C1CFB9DFB9C" authority="GRAY, 1840" authorityName="GRAY" authorityYear="1840" box="[842,1108,1059,1078]" class="Aves" family="Ciconiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ciconiiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">CICONIIDAE GRAY, 1840</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |