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<mods:title id="6B0B953D67338218E5352A97AA9E3C78">Free-living marine nematodes of the family Sphaerolaimidae (Chromadoria, Monhysterida) from the mangroves of the Qeshm Island, Persian Gulf</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="0CFD1A0C868DC4A6F4F031DE181AE8AF">Tchesunov, Alexei V.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="A17C8F739EDD2C3BE9D1D5DC4D6BF13A">Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Faculty of Biology, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="79F810837F91E1EC19EB4D00E91620D4">Eskandari, Ali</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="A8616511AA66DDBE4DE642A84180FDEF">Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of ZanJan, 45371 - 38791, ZanJan, Iran.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="C26383C8E3202A1D48BAEA1E77BEA2C5">Hosseinvand, Manouchehr</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="6AD33978117B8939DCFE58BDB981C18D">Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of ZanJan, 45371 - 38791, ZanJan, Iran.</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="D16563D90B445EB26BEEB33808327058" type="email">.houseinvand@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="B406F45F58474D7C1A962969E2409B05">Hajializadeh, Parima</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="F18C7AB34EE3F6940AD180803D74575F">Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Marine Science and Technology, University of Hormozgan, Bandar Abbas, Iran.</mods:affiliation>
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<treatment id="03E787EDFFB6FF9BFF369DFEF38219B8" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12189405" ID-GBIF-Taxon="233767914" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12189405" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E787EDFFB6FF9BFF369DFEF38219B8" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E787EDFFB6FF9BFF369DFEF38219B8" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="525" pageId="1" pageNumber="524">
<subSubSection id="C3546570FFB6FF98FF369DFEF0061D81" box="[151,633,1698,1724]" pageId="1" pageNumber="524" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BF136FBFFB6FF98FF369DFEF0061D81" blockId="1.[151,633,1698,1724]" box="[151,633,1698,1724]" pageId="1" pageNumber="524">
<heading id="D0B98197FFB6FF98FF369DFEF0061D81" bold="true" box="[151,633,1698,1724]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="524" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B93AEAE9FFB6FF98FF369DFEF0061D81" bold="true" box="[151,633,1698,1724]" pageId="1" pageNumber="524">
Family
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D78FFB6FF98FF569DFEF0061D81" ID-CoL="87CB5" authority="Filipjev, 1918" authorityName="Filipjev" authorityYear="1918" box="[247,633,1698,1724]" class="Chromadorea" family="Sphaerolaimidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="1" pageNumber="524" phylum="Nematoda" rank="family">
Sphaerolaimidae
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B0AFFB6FF98FE709DFEF0061D81" author="Filipjev, I. N." box="[465,633,1698,1724]" pageId="1" pageNumber="524" refId="ref7640" refString="Filipjev, I. N. (1918) Free-living marine nematodes of the Sevastopol area. Transactions of the Zoological Laboratory and the Sevastopol Biological Station of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Series II, 4 (I &amp; II), 1 - 255 + 1 - 203. [translated from Russian by M. Raveh, Printed in Jerusalem by Keter Press Binding: Wiener Bindery Ltd., Jerusalem, Israel, Available from: https: // nemys. ugent. be / aphia. php? p = sourcedetails &amp; id = 3303 (accessed 23 November 2023)" type="url" year="1918">Filipjev, 1918</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF136FBFFB6FF9BFF369DB7F0491A90" blockId="1.[151,1436,1770,2013]" lastBlockId="2.[151,1437,151,645]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="525" pageId="1" pageNumber="524">
<emphasis id="B93AEAE9FFB6FF98FF369DB7F3FA1C39" bold="true" box="[151,389,1770,1797]" pageId="1" pageNumber="524">Emended diagnosis.</emphasis>
Cuticle optically smooth or finely striated, sometimes with longitudinal alae. Anterior sensilla pattern with six inner labial papillae and 10 short setae (six outer labial setae and four cephalic setae joined in a common crown). At stoma level, one or two circles of eight groups of subcephalic setae significantly longer than both outer labial and cephalic setae. Buccal cavity is mostly large barrel-shaped and the cheilostoma constitutes its major part. The cheilostoma consists of three compartments, anterior conical labial region, striated truncate conical region with fine longitudinal ribbing, and broad or narrow barrel-shaped shagreen band (shagreen band or
<emphasis id="B93AEAE9FFB6FF98FF369C9FF3211CE0" box="[151,350,1987,2013]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="524">chagrinierter Teil</emphasis>
of German authors is an internal cuticular layer of the broadened posterior part of cheilostoma in
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D78FFB5FF9BFF159BCBF3241B8C" authorityName="Bastian" authorityYear="1865" box="[180,347,151,177]" class="Chromadorea" family="Sphaerolaimidae" genus="Sphaerolaimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="2" pageNumber="525" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93AEAE9FFB5FF9BFF159BCBF3241B8C" box="[180,347,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="525">Sphaerolaimus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and some other sphaerolaimids; complicated sclerotized texture of this layer resembles shagreen skin). Gymnostoma as a narrow band. Stegostoma cup-shaped or elongate conical, with heavily cuticularized walls. Pharynx cylindroid, evenly muscular throughout its length, with very thick internal cuticular lining. Amphideal fovea circular, situated at the level of the gymnostoma or further posteriorly. Ventral excretory/secretory gland present, ventral pore usually just posterior to the nerve ring. Only one anterior outstretched ovary. Diorchic (rarely monorchic), anterior testis outstretched and posterior testis reflected, situated at opposite sides of the intestine. Tail usually with a cylindrical posterior part with slight terminal swelling, more rarely rounded conical. Two or three terminal setae on the tail tip. Marine.
</paragraph>
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<typeStatus id="54F58859FFB5FF9BFF669AEBF2801AEC" box="[199,255,439,465]" pageId="2" pageNumber="525">Type</typeStatus>
genus:
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D78FFB5FF9BFEF79AEBF0DE1AEC" authority="Bastian, 1865" authorityName="Bastian" authorityYear="1865" box="[342,673,438,465]" class="Chromadorea" family="Sphaerolaimidae" genus="Sphaerolaimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="2" pageNumber="525" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93AEAE9FFB5FF9BFEF79AEBF3821AEC" box="[342,509,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="525">Sphaerolaimus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B0AFFB5FF9BFDA59AEBF0DE1AEC" author="Bastian, H. C." box="[516,673,438,465]" pageId="2" pageNumber="525" pagination="73 - 184" refId="ref7396" refString="Bastian, H. C. (1865) Monograph of the Anguillulidae, or Free nematoids, marine, land, and freshwater; with descriptions of 100 new species. The Transactions of the Linnean Society of London, 25 (2), 73 - 184. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1865. tb 00179. x" type="journal article" year="1865">Bastian, 1865</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3546570FFB5FF9BFF669A87F38219B8" pageId="2" pageNumber="525" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BF136FBFFB5FF9BFF669A87F38219B8" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,645]" pageId="2" pageNumber="525">
<emphasis id="B93AEAE9FFB5FF9BFF669A87F3441AC8" bold="true" box="[199,315,475,501]" pageId="2" pageNumber="525">Remarks.</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B0AFFB5FF9BFEE09A87F3891AC8" author="Lorenzen, S." box="[321,502,475,501]" pageId="2" pageNumber="525" pagination="53 - 78" refId="ref8512" refString="Lorenzen, S. (1978) Postembryonalentwicklung von Steineria - und Sphaerolaimidenarten (Nematoden) und ihre Konsequenzen fur die Systematik. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 200 (1 / 2), 53 - 78." type="journal article" year="1978">Lorenzen (1978</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B0AFFB5FF9BFDA19A87F0451AC8" author="Lorenzen, S." box="[512,570,475,501]" pageId="2" pageNumber="525" pagination="1 - 472" refId="ref8549" refString="Lorenzen, S. (1981) Entwurf eines phylogenetischen Systems der freilebenden Nematoden. Veroffentlichungen des Instituts fur Meeresforschung in Bremerhaven, 7 (Supplement), 1 - 472." type="journal article" year="1981">1981</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B0AFFB5FF9BFDE49A87F0011AC8" author="Lorenzen, S." box="[581,638,475,501]" pageId="2" pageNumber="525" refId="ref8581" refString="Lorenzen, S. (1994) The phylogenetic systematics of freeliving nematodes. Ray Society Monographs Series. Vol. 162. The Ray Society, London, 383 pp." type="book" year="1994">1994</bibRefCitation>
) insists on a character that four cephalic setae of the third sensilla circle are always longer than the six outer labial setae, whereby both circles are joined at the same level. He appraises this as a holapomorphy of the
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D78FFB5FF9BFE15997FF00B1900" authorityName="Filipjev" authorityYear="1918" box="[436,628,547,573]" class="Chromadorea" family="Sphaerolaimidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="2" pageNumber="525" phylum="Nematoda" rank="family">Sphaerolaimidae</taxonomicName>
. We could not confirm this state since both cephalic and outer labial setae coupled in pairs are so short, that a difference in length between them is hardly conceivable, especially as they are situated athwart to the observer.
</paragraph>
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