185 lines
18 KiB
XML
185 lines
18 KiB
XML
<document id="FB745C56AE8036E5053365D6D0B82914" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.3740269" ID-GBIF-Dataset="34e4a5a6-881c-4a1a-b64d-6868e12df7fb" ID-ISBN="978-84-16728-19-0" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3740269" IM.illustrations_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.metadata_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" checkinTime="1586037971521" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Bonaccorso, Frank" docDate="2019" docId="03D587F2FFDF4C14FF0F3003F806FCC1" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_9_Emballorunidae.pdf.imd" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docStyle="DocumentStyle{}" docTitle="Balantiopteryx io Thomas 1904" docType="treatment" docVersion="19" lastPageNumber="365" masterDocId="FFECFF8AFFCF4C04FFA53577FFF8FFE9" masterDocTitle="Emballonuridae" masterLastPageNumber="373" masterPageNumber="350" pageNumber="365" updateTime="1698735528461" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:titleInfo id="BD2C14C3E0F3B579AB5E05060BE660CA">
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<mods:title id="4BA1D373A3897BDC00616F90F5879011">Emballonuridae</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="7786C6B5D331B1ACA9659F2FF8980175" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="85A6654AFA1FDC28A9A895F669409C4D">Bonaccorso, Frank</mods:namePart>
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<mods:dateIssued id="20E03CDBA0DA28D8B2D69E0A4A3C0964">2019</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:dateOther id="178F0A441732630A089B1C34F4B567A5" type="pubDate">2019-10-31</mods:dateOther>
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<mods:publisher id="686A007169647114A1447BE7284AB83A">Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:placeTerm id="400EAF99204A0B5B9BDFA8A85B9A3B20">Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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<mods:roleTerm id="D6FAD305AE8F88238C115C2147726C31">Editor</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="2FCFEC81605E5163414CEBBEB5826223">Wilson, Don E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="EE19A8CDED0BE7088070642501E1D15D" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="494917FF6B4133E2F40D3587E638B87A">Editor</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="60096A3F18DE6CDAC247A08A8340C8F3">Mittermeier, Russel A.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:titleInfo id="4A7092222023613432719D18CB0D5B10">
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<mods:title id="5A155CA16A9ABB4F82DB246B5AC7A6AE">Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats</mods:title>
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<mods:classification id="674FC5D3F86E86C67DC7175D94E4A48A">book chapter</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="356A8D096763C7819FEE696F0EB4E70F" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.3740269</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="2ED94C398BCC74E57796BE2F454436CC" type="ISBN">978-84-16728-19-0</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03D587F2FFDF4C14FF0F3003F806FCC1" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3810805" ID-GBIF-Taxon="163435115" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3810805" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D587F2FFDF4C14FF0F3003F806FCC1" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D587F2FFDF4C14FF0F3003F806FCC1" lastPageNumber="365" pageId="16" pageNumber="365">
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<subSubSection id="C366656FFFDF4C14FF0F3003FC2FFA58" box="[170,983,1396,1457]" pageId="16" pageNumber="365" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="8BC336E4FFDF4C14FF0F3003FC2FFA58" blockId="16.[170,1479,1396,1457]" box="[170,983,1396,1457]" pageId="16" pageNumber="365">
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<figureCitation id="13472A61FFDF4C14FF0F3003FF17FA58" box="[170,239,1396,1457]" captionStart="On" captionStartId="10.[178,221,4453,4480]" captionTargetBox="[182,3472,151,4663]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="On following pages: 22. New Guinea Sheath-tailed Bat (Emballonura furati); 23. Beccari's Sheath-tailed Bat (Emballonura beccarti); 24. Large-eared Sheath-tailed Bat (Emballonura dianae); 25. Seri'sSheath-tailed Bat (Emballonura sertii); 26. Pacific Sheath-tailed Bat (Emballonura semicaudata); 27. Western Sheath-tailed Bat (Paremballonura tiavato); 28. Peters's Sheath-tailed Bat (Paremballonura atrata); 29. African Sheath-tailed Bat (Coleura afra); 30. Seychelles Sheath-tailed Bat (Coleura seychellensis); 31. Madagascar Sheath-tailed Bat (Coleura kibomalandy); 32. Dark Sheath-tailed Bat (Mosia nigrescens); 33. Chestnut Sac-winged Bat (Cormura brevirostris); 34. Gray Sac-winged Bat (Balantiopteryx plicata); 35. Thomas's Sac-winged Bat (Balantiopteryx io); 36. Ecuadorian Sac-winged Bat (Balantiopteryx infusca)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3740273" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3740273/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="365">35</figureCitation>
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.
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<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFDF4C14FEB43003FC2FFA58" box="[273,983,1396,1457]" pageId="16" pageNumber="365">Thomas’s Sac-winged Bat</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C366656FFFDF4C14FBBD3003FA3FFA58" box="[1048,1479,1396,1457]" pageId="16" pageNumber="365" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BC336E4FFDF4C14FBBD3003FA3FFA58" blockId="16.[170,1479,1396,1457]" box="[1048,1479,1396,1457]" pageId="16" pageNumber="365">
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<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D67FFDF4C14FBBD3003FA3FFA58" ID-CoL="KGC8" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1904" box="[1048,1479,1396,1457]" class="Mammalia" family="Emballonuridae" genus="Balantiopteryx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="365" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="io">
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<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFDF4C14FBBD3003FA3FFA58" box="[1048,1479,1396,1457]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="365">Balantiopteryx io</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C366656FFFDF4C14FF0C30B5FCDDF9F9" pageId="16" pageNumber="365" type="vernacular_names">
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||
<paragraph id="8BC336E4FFDF4C14FF0C30B5F908FA33" blockId="16.[169,1776,1471,1552]" box="[169,1776,1471,1498]" pageId="16" pageNumber="365">
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French: Emballonure de Thomas
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<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFDF4C14FDC030C8FD89FA33" box="[613,625,1471,1498]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="365">I</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFDF4C14FDDD30B5FD0BFA31" bold="true" box="[632,755,1474,1496]" pageId="16" pageNumber="365">German:</emphasis>
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Thomas-Sackflügelfledermaus /
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<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFDF4C14FB0F30B5FADEFA31" bold="true" box="[1194,1318,1474,1496]" pageId="16" pageNumber="365">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFDF4C14FA9730C8FA2DFA33" box="[1330,1493,1471,1498]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="365">Embalonuro</emphasis>
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de sacos de Thomas
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC336E4FFDF4C14FF0C308FFCDDF9F9" blockId="16.[169,1776,1471,1552]" box="[169,805,1525,1552]" pageId="16" pageNumber="365">
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<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFDF4C14FF0C308FFE0DF9E7" bold="true" box="[169,501,1528,1550]" pageId="16" pageNumber="365">Other common names:</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFDF4C14FDA43082FDB1F9F9" box="[513,585,1525,1552]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="365">Least</emphasis>
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Sac-winged Bat
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C366656FFFDF4C14FC7A3320FBBCF95A" pageId="16" pageNumber="365" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BC336E4FFDF4C14FC7A3320FBBCF95A" blockId="16.[990,1786,1623,2191]" pageId="16" pageNumber="365">
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<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFDF4C14FC7A3320FB4AF997" bold="true" box="[991,1202,1623,1662]" pageId="16" pageNumber="365">
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<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFDF4C14FC7A3320FB52F997" box="[991,1194,1623,1662]" pageId="16" pageNumber="365">Taxonomy</emphasis>
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.
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</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D67FFDF4C14FB473320FBC5F95A" ID-CoL="KGC8" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1904" class="Mammalia" family="Emballonuridae" genus="Balantiopteryx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="365" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="io">
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<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFDF4C14FB473320F9D1F997" box="[1250,1577,1623,1662]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="365">Balantiopteryx io</emphasis>
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Thomas, 1904
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C366656FFFDF4C14FBFC33FBFA70F901" pageId="16" pageNumber="365" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BC336E4FFDF4C14FBFC33FBFA70F901" blockId="16.[990,1786,1623,2191]" pageId="16" pageNumber="365">
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“
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<materialsCitation id="3B143CB9FFDF4C14FBCF33FBFA70F901" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2595781788" country="Guatemala" location="R [ioJ. Dolores, near Coban" pageId="16" pageNumber="365" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Alta Verapaz" typeStatus="type">
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<location id="8EA3603FFFDF4C14FBCF33FBF97FF95A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D587F2FFDF4C14FF0F3003F806FCC1:8EA3603FFFDF4C14FBCF33FBF97FF95A" box="[1130,1671,1676,1715]" country="Guatemala" name="R [ioJ. Dolores, near Coban" pageId="16" pageNumber="365" stateProvince="Alta Verapaz">R[ioJ. Dolores, near Coban</location>
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[
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<collectingRegion id="49B8F806FFDF4C14F90F33FBFB7AF901" country="Guatemala" name="Alta Verapaz" pageId="16" pageNumber="365">Alta Verapaz</collectingRegion>
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],
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<collectingCountry id="F36B7674FFDF4C14FB0533B6FA8CF901" box="[1184,1396,1729,1768]" name="Guatemala" pageId="16" pageNumber="365">Guatemala</collectingCountry>
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.”
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C366656FFFDF4C14FC453381FA3EF8F4" box="[992,1478,1782,1821]" pageId="16" pageNumber="365" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BC336E4FFDF4C14FC453381FA3EF8F4" blockId="16.[990,1786,1623,2191]" box="[992,1478,1782,1821]" pageId="16" pageNumber="365">This species is monotypic.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C366656FFFDF4C14FC45325CF96EF855" pageId="16" pageNumber="365" type="distribution">
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<caption id="DF03666CFFDF4C14FC45325CF96EF855" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3747966" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3747966" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3747966/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="365" targetBox="[168,962,1628,2182]" targetPageId="16">
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<paragraph id="8BC336E4FFDF4C14FC45325CF96EF855" blockId="16.[990,1786,1623,2191]" pageId="16" pageNumber="365">Distribution. Atlantic slope of Mexico and Central America from S Veracruz and Oaxaca to E Guatemala and Belize.</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C366656FFFDF4C14FC4532BDFDA2F710" pageId="16" pageNumber="365" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BC336E4FFDF4C14FC4532BDFDA2F710" blockId="16.[990,1786,1623,2191]" lastBlockId="16.[164,1789,2205,3352]" pageId="16" pageNumber="365">
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<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFDF4C14FC4532BDFAC9F818" bold="true" box="[992,1329,1994,2033]" pageId="16" pageNumber="365">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
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Head—body 38-44 mm, tail 8—18 mm, ear 10—13 mm, hindfoot 7-8 mm, forearm 36-41-4 mm; weight 3-4 g. Dorsal fur of Thomas’s Sac-winged Bat is dark brown to black; venter is paler gray-brown. Flight membranes are black.
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<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFDF4C14FF0C3DA5FEE6F710" box="[169,286,2258,2297]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="365">Wings</emphasis>
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attach to ankles.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C366656FFFDF4C14FF0E3C71FE15F2F1" pageId="16" pageNumber="365" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph id="8BC336E4FFDF4C14FF0E3C71F90EF68B" blockId="16.[164,1789,2205,3352]" pageId="16" pageNumber="365">
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<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFDF4C14FF0E3C71FECFF6C4" box="[171,311,2310,2349]" pageId="16" pageNumber="365">Habitat</emphasis>
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. Semideciduous or evergreen forests from sea level to elevations of
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<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFDF4C14F9833C71F9C1F6C4" box="[1574,1593,2310,2349]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="365">c</emphasis>
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.500 m. In the Maya Mountains of Belize, Thomas’s Sac-winged Bat occurs in semideciduous forest.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC336E4FFDF4C14FF0E3C07FD43F5DF" blockId="16.[164,1789,2205,3352]" pageId="16" pageNumber="365">
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<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFDF4C14FF0E3C07FDFAF67E" box="[171,514,2416,2455]" pageId="16" pageNumber="365">
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<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFDF4C14FF0E3C07FEF5F67E" bold="true" box="[171,269,2416,2455]" pageId="16" pageNumber="365">Food</emphasis>
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and
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<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFDF4C14FECC3C07FDFAF67E" bold="true" box="[361,514,2416,2455]" pageId="16" pageNumber="365">Feeding</emphasis>
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</emphasis>
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. Thomas’s Sac-winged Bats forage on small, aerial insects. Although direct visual observations are difficult due to their late emergence from roost, echolocation call characteristics suggest that they hunt in clutter close to vegetation of forest habitats or over water.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC336E4FFDF4C14FF093F33FD7AF549" blockId="16.[164,1789,2205,3352]" pageId="16" pageNumber="365">
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<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFDF4C14FF093F33FEA1F582" box="[172,345,2628,2667]" pageId="16" pageNumber="365">Breeding</emphasis>
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. Pregnant Thomas’s Sac-winged Bats have been recorded in March, May, and July, suggesting
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<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFDF4C14FE723F0EFD85F549" box="[471,637,2681,2720]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="365">polyestry</emphasis>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC336E4FFDF4C14FF0F3FDAFB13F390" blockId="16.[164,1789,2205,3352]" pageId="16" pageNumber="365">
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<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFDF4C14FF0F3FDAFE08F53D" bold="true" box="[170,496,2733,2772]" pageId="16" pageNumber="365">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
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Thomas’s Sac-winged Bats are nocturnal. They roost widely and evenly spaced, often occupying dark recesses of large, limestone caves on ceilings of high chambers.
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<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFDF4C14FE7D3E60FD9CF4D7" box="[472,612,2839,2878]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="365">Activity</emphasis>
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starts well after sunset, later than related species. Echolocation calls include long narrowband component and maximum amplitude on second harmonic. Thomas’s Sac-winged Bats show
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<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFDF4C14FC773EF7FBAFF44E" box="[978,1111,2944,2983]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="365">slightly</emphasis>
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downward narrowband component that initially starts at 50-2 kHz and drops to 45-9 kHz, on average, and does not turn upward as in other genera of forest emballonurids. Average call duration is 7-8 milliseconds. During approach and terminal phases, call changes to obtain accurate target information after potential
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<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFDF4C14FC8B3925FC79F390" box="[814,897,3154,3193]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="365">prey</emphasis>
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has been detected.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC336E4FFDF4C14FF0B39F0FE15F2F1" blockId="16.[164,1789,2205,3352]" pageId="16" pageNumber="365">
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<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFDF4C14FF0B39F0FE6BF347" bold="true" box="[174,403,3207,3246]" pageId="16" pageNumber="365">Movements,</emphasis>
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Home
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<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFDF4C14FD8A39F0FC8BF347" bold="true" box="[559,883,3207,3246]" pageId="16" pageNumber="365">range and Social</emphasis>
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organization. Groups of Thomas’s Sac-winged Bats commonly number 50 or more individuals and
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<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFDF4C14FB2A39CCFA8AF30B" box="[1167,1394,3259,3298]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="365">occasionally</emphasis>
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1000—2000 individuals in large caves.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C366656FFFDF4C14F8FC342EF2F2FD2B" pageId="16" pageNumber="365" type="conservation">
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<paragraph id="8BC336E4FFDF4C14F8FC342EF2F2FD2B" blockId="16.[1879,3510,344,811]" pageId="16" pageNumber="365">
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<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFDF4C14F8FC342EF6C9FE69" bold="true" box="[1881,2353,345,384]" pageId="16" pageNumber="365">
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<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFDF4C14F8FC342EF6D1FE69" box="[1881,2345,345,384]" pageId="16" pageNumber="365">Status and Conservation</emphasis>
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.
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</emphasis>
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Classified as Vulnerable on
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<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFDF4C14F4E9342EF362FE69" box="[2892,3226,345,384]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="365">The IUCN Red List.</emphasis>
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Thomas’s Sacwinged Bat because depends on highly fragile forested habitat, and it is estimated to have declined by more than 30% due to habitat loss and degradation in the last ten years, with remaining subpopulations fragmented. Adventure tourism leading to vandalism in caves has been and is a significant threat, particularly in Belize,
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<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFDF4C14F2A83747F250FDBE" box="[3341,3496,560,599]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="365">Yucatan</emphasis>
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, and Guatemala. Needed conservation actions include management and protection of roost caves and additional protection of rapidly disappearing Atlantic forests.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
|
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<subSubSection id="C366656FFFDF4C14F8FF37A1F806FCC1" pageId="16" pageNumber="365" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC336E4FFDF4C14F8FF37A1F806FCC1" blockId="16.[1879,3510,344,811]" pageId="16" pageNumber="365">
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFDF4C14F8FF37A1F7D0FD18" bold="true" box="[1882,2088,726,753]" pageId="16" pageNumber="365">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
||
Arroyo-Cabrales & Jones (1988b), Lim, Engstrom et al. (2004), Reid (2009), Thomas (1904b),
|
||
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFDF4C14F8F2367AF86BFCC1" box="[1879,1939,781,808]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="365">Villa</emphasis>
|
||
(1967).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |