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<document id="88630AF07A55068746880E65A5D320AB" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.3740269" ID-GBIF-Dataset="34e4a5a6-881c-4a1a-b64d-6868e12df7fb" ID-ISBN="978-84-16728-19-0" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3740269" IM.illustrations_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.metadata_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" checkinTime="1586037971521" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Bonaccorso, Frank" docDate="2019" docId="03D587F2FFC34C09F8F73828FD72F82A" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_9_Emballorunidae.pdf.imd" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docStyle="DocumentStyle{}" docTitle="Paremballonura tiavato" docType="treatment" docVersion="19" lastPageNumber="362" masterDocId="FFECFF8AFFCF4C04FFA53577FFF8FFE9" masterDocTitle="Emballonuridae" masterLastPageNumber="373" masterPageNumber="350" pageNumber="361" updateTime="1698735528461" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="3C6C05E35A5883A504F65A625ED54CA1">Emballonuridae</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="56A7BC07FB229431D2B509BB5225B98E">Bonaccorso, Frank</mods:namePart>
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<mods:publisher id="BA4C51C34F03ED04E1636AEED9002C61">Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:namePart id="36B0FE19AD3DC045A85FF448BDEA4FF6">Wilson, Don E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="F9E645DBEECFBFF50BD86E3F55D72BE1">Mittermeier, Russel A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:titleInfo id="9C2BF955949D66520C6C152D36DBEBB8">
<mods:title id="672EE51923B2BE4A838FB15064469D6D">Handbook of the Mammals of the World Volume 9 Bats</mods:title>
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<treatment id="03D587F2FFC34C09F8F73828FD72F82A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3810711" ID-GBIF-Taxon="163435168" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3810711" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D587F2FFC34C09F8F73828FD72F82A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D587F2FFC34C09F8F73828FD72F82A" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="362" pageId="12" pageNumber="361">
<subSubSection id="C366656FFFC34C08F8F73828F575F275" box="[1874,2701,3423,3484]" pageId="12" pageNumber="361" type="vernacular_names">
<paragraph id="8BC336E4FFC34C08F8F73828F575F275" blockId="12.[1874,3364,3423,3484]" box="[1874,2701,3423,3484]" pageId="12" pageNumber="361">
<figureCitation id="13472A61FFC34C08F8F73828F860F275" box="[1874,1944,3423,3484]" captionStart="On" captionStartId="10.[178,221,4453,4480]" captionTargetBox="[182,3472,151,4663]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="On following pages: 22. New Guinea Sheath-tailed Bat (Emballonura furati); 23. Beccari's Sheath-tailed Bat (Emballonura beccarti); 24. Large-eared Sheath-tailed Bat (Emballonura dianae); 25. Seri'sSheath-tailed Bat (Emballonura sertii); 26. Pacific Sheath-tailed Bat (Emballonura semicaudata); 27. Western Sheath-tailed Bat (Paremballonura tiavato); 28. Peters's Sheath-tailed Bat (Paremballonura atrata); 29. African Sheath-tailed Bat (Coleura afra); 30. Seychelles Sheath-tailed Bat (Coleura seychellensis); 31. Madagascar Sheath-tailed Bat (Coleura kibomalandy); 32. Dark Sheath-tailed Bat (Mosia nigrescens); 33. Chestnut Sac-winged Bat (Cormura brevirostris); 34. Gray Sac-winged Bat (Balantiopteryx plicata); 35. Thomas's Sac-winged Bat (Balantiopteryx io); 36. Ecuadorian Sac-winged Bat (Balantiopteryx infusca)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3740273" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3740273/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="361">27</figureCitation>
.
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC34C08F81D3828F575F275" box="[1976,2701,3423,3484]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="361">Western Sheath-tailed Bat</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C366656FFFC34C08F5683828F2DCF275" box="[2765,3364,3423,3484]" pageId="12" pageNumber="361" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BC336E4FFC34C08F5683828F2DCF275" blockId="12.[1874,3364,3423,3484]" box="[2765,3364,3423,3484]" pageId="12" pageNumber="361">
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D67FFC34C08F5683828F2DCF275" ID-CoL="4DKM2" baseAuthorityName="Goodman, Cardiff, Ranivo, Russell &amp; Yoder" baseAuthorityYear="2006" box="[2765,3364,3423,3484]" class="Mammalia" family="Emballonuridae" genus="Paremballonura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="361" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tiavato">
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC34C08F5683828F2DCF275" box="[2765,3364,3423,3484]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="361">Paremballonura tiavato</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C366656FFFC34C08F8F438C6F5B7F1DB" pageId="12" pageNumber="361" type="vernacular_names">
<paragraph id="8BC336E4FFC34C08F8F438C6F82FF217" blockId="12.[1871,3429,3502,3634]" pageId="12" pageNumber="361">
French: Emballonure des rochers
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC34C08F6B238C6F65DF22E" bold="true" box="[2327,2469,3505,3527]" pageId="12" pageNumber="361">/German:</emphasis>
Westliche Madagaskar-reischwanzfledermaus /
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC34C08F39938C6F340F22E" bold="true" box="[3132,3256,3505,3527]" pageId="12" pageNumber="361">Spanish:</emphasis>
Embalonuro occidental
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC336E4FFC34C08F8F53B6DF5B7F1DB" blockId="12.[1871,3429,3502,3634]" box="[1872,2639,3607,3634]" pageId="12" pageNumber="361">
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC34C08F8F53B6DF764F1D9" bold="true" box="[1872,2204,3610,3632]" pageId="12" pageNumber="361">Other common names:</emphasis>
Rock-dwelling Sheath-tailed Bat
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C366656FFFC34C08F5273B0DF404F13F" pageId="12" pageNumber="361" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BC336E4FFC34C08F5273B0DF404F13F" blockId="12.[2688,3487,3706,4271]" pageId="12" pageNumber="361">
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC34C08F5273B0DF4B7F148" bold="true" box="[2690,2895,3706,3745]" pageId="12" pageNumber="361">
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC34C08F5273B0DF4B0F148" box="[2690,2888,3706,3745]" pageId="12" pageNumber="361">Taxonomy</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C7C4D67FFC34C08F4253B0DF307F148" ID-CoL="6F7FL" authorityName="Goodman, Cardiff, Ranivo, Russell &amp; Yoder" authorityYear="2006" box="[2944,3327,3706,3745]" class="Mammalia" family="Emballonuridae" genus="Emballonura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="361" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tiavato">
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC34C08F4253B0DF307F148" box="[2944,3327,3706,3745]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="361">Emballonura tiavato</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Goodman
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC34C08F55B3BD8F488F13F" box="[2814,2928,3759,3798]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="361">et al.,</emphasis>
2006,
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C366656FFFC34C08F3863BD8F419F04E" pageId="12" pageNumber="361" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BC336E4FFC34C08F3863BD8F419F04E" blockId="12.[2688,3487,3706,4271]" pageId="12" pageNumber="361">
<materialsCitation id="3B143CB9FFC34C08F3963BD8F419F04E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2595781804" country="Madagascar" elevation="0" latitude="-12.931666" location="Reserve Speciale d'Ankarana, 2.6 km E of Andrafiabe, in forest near Andrafiabe Cave" longLatPrecision="129" longitude="49.056667" municipality="Province d'Antsiranana" pageId="12" pageNumber="361" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="type">
<collectingCountry id="F36B7674FFC34C08F3963BD8F2EAF13F" box="[3123,3346,3759,3798]" name="Madagascar" pageId="12" pageNumber="361">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingMunicipality id="6BA7AC9EFFC34C08F29A3BD8F3F2F0E3" pageId="12" pageNumber="361">Province dAntsiranana</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="8EA3603FFFC34C08F3E63B94F347F09A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D587F2FFC34C09F8F73828FD72F82A:8EA3603FFFC34C08F3E63B94F347F09A" country="Madagascar" latitude="-12.931666" longLatPrecision="129" longitude="49.056667" municipality="Province d'Antsiranana" name="Reserve Speciale d'Ankarana, 2.6 km E of Andrafiabe, in forest near Andrafiabe Cave" pageId="12" pageNumber="361">
Réserve Spéciale dAnkarana,
<quantity id="4C849B01FFC34C08F4D83A60F3FCF0D7" box="[2941,3076,3863,3902]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" pageId="12" pageNumber="361" unit="km" value="2.6">2.6 km</quantity>
E of Andrafiabe, in forest near Andrafiabe Cave
</location>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE485023FFC34C08F3423A3BF26CF09A" box="[3303,3476,3916,3955]" degrees="12" direction="south" minutes="55.9" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="361" precision="92" value="-12.931666">12°55.9S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE485023FFC34C08F5273AF7F4CEF04E" box="[2690,2870,3968,4007]" degrees="49" direction="east" minutes="03.4" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="361" precision="92" value="49.056667">49°03.4E</geoCoordinate>
, ±
<elevation id="0051D1D7FFC34C08F4CE3AF7F42AF04E" box="[2923,3026,3968,4007]" pageId="12" pageNumber="361">
<quantity id="4C849B01FFC34C08F4CE3AF7F434F04E" box="[2923,3020,3968,4007]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="361" unit="m" value="50.0">50 m</quantity>
.
</elevation>
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C366656FFFC34C08F5243AC2F390F035" box="[2689,3176,4021,4060]" pageId="12" pageNumber="361" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BC336E4FFC34C08F5243AC2F390F035" blockId="12.[2688,3487,3706,4271]" box="[2689,3176,4021,4060]" pageId="12" pageNumber="361">This species is monotypic.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C366656FFFC34C08F5243A9DF6CEEF0B" pageId="12" pageNumber="361" type="distribution">
<caption id="DF03666CFFC34C08F5243A9DF6CEEF0B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3747950" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3747950" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3747950/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="361" targetBox="[1868,2659,3706,4259]" targetPageId="12">
<paragraph id="8BC336E4FFC34C08F5243A9DF6CEEF0B" blockId="12.[2688,3487,3706,4271]" lastBlockId="12.[1870,3487,4283,4639]" pageId="12" pageNumber="361">Distribution. W Madagascar, from Daraina region to Tsingy de Bemaraha National Park, including Nosy Be and Nosy Romba, with an isolated record from Toliara at exfreme S of its distribution.</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C366656FFFC34C09F8EB2587FB1FFD26" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="362" pageId="12" pageNumber="361" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BC336E4FFC34C09F8EB2587FB1FFD26" blockId="12.[1870,3487,4283,4639]" lastBlockId="13.[206,1834,359,1990]" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="362" pageId="12" pageNumber="361">
Descriptive
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC34C08F79A2587F748EEFE" bold="true" box="[2111,2224,4336,4375]" pageId="12" pageNumber="361">notes.</emphasis>
Head-body 40-46 mm, tail 15-18, ear 11-14 mm, hindfoot 5-6 mm, forearm 35-41 mm; weight 2-7-3-8 g. Dorsal fur of the
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC34C08F3FB2453F302EEA2" box="[3166,3322,4388,4427]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="361">Western</emphasis>
Sheathtailed Bat is long, shaggy, and
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC34C08F600242EF601EE69" box="[2469,2553,4441,4480]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="361">silky</emphasis>
. It is
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC34C08F5CD242EF4D0EE69" box="[2664,2856,4441,4480]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="361">uniformly</emphasis>
pale to medium grayish brown. Basal one-quarter of hairs are lighter, approaching medium gray. Venter is paler buff-brown, with grayish brown cast, and basal one-third of hairs are distinctiy lighter and medium
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC34C08F778248FF6D7EDF6" box="[2269,2351,4600,4639]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="361">gray</emphasis>
. Ear is long (11-15 mm), terminating with slightly pointed tip. Inner part of tragus is convex, with hatchet-shaped sharp anterior projection. Calcar is shorter than tibia. Cranium has distinct rostral expansion across nasal and maxilla bones. Postorbital processes are greatly reduced in size. Postorbital crest is not confluent with sagittal crest. Nasal bones are hourglass-shaped, with welldefined, deep, and broad nasal sulcus that terminates well before anterior margin of nasal. There is a narrow diastema between P1 and P2. Dental formula of species of
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC24C09FF7437DFFE13FD26" box="[209,491,680,719]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="362">ParembaUonura</emphasis>
is I 2/3, C 1/1, P 2/2, M 3/3 (x2) = 34.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C366656FFFC24C09FF7537A9FB47FAA4" pageId="13" pageNumber="362" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8BC336E4FFC24C09FF7537A9F9C8FCEC" blockId="13.[206,1834,359,1990]" box="[208,1584,734,773]" pageId="13" pageNumber="362">
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC24C09FF7537A9FE9FFCEC" bold="true" box="[208,359,734,773]" pageId="13" pageNumber="362">
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC24C09FF7537A9FE98FCEC" box="[208,352,734,773]" pageId="13" pageNumber="362">Habitat</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
Lowland karst dry forests from sea level to elevations of c.350 m.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC336E4FFC24C09FF753664FE03FC4D" blockId="13.[206,1834,359,1990]" pageId="13" pageNumber="362">
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC24C09FF753664FDC8FCD3" bold="true" box="[208,560,787,826]" pageId="13" pageNumber="362">
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC24C09FF753664FDD1FCD3" box="[208,553,787,826]" pageId="13" pageNumber="362">Food and Feeding</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
The
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC24C09FD353664FCD3FCD3" box="[656,811,787,826]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="362">Western</emphasis>
Sheath-tailed Bat forages for insects, including moths, using a slow and delicate flight in forest understories and above small streams lined with vegetation.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC336E4FFC24C09FF7536C5F9D0FBE7" blockId="13.[206,1834,359,1990]" pageId="13" pageNumber="362">
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC24C09FF7536C5FE71FC30" bold="true" box="[208,393,946,985]" pageId="13" pageNumber="362">
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC24C09FF7536C5FE78FC30" box="[208,384,946,985]" pageId="13" pageNumber="362">Breeding</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
Gestation ofWestern Sheath-tailed Bats occurs from December to February, and young are bom in February. All females examined had one embryo.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC336E4FFC24C09FF6B316AFA15FB0A" blockId="13.[206,1834,359,1990]" pageId="13" pageNumber="362">
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC24C09FF6B316AFDE9FBAD" bold="true" box="[206,529,1053,1092]" pageId="13" pageNumber="362">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
The
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC24C09FDD8316AFCE0FBAD" box="[637,792,1053,1092]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="362">Western</emphasis>
Sheath-tailed Bat is crepuscular and begins to forage in twilight conditions in shaded forest understories. It roosts in cave entrances and rock overhangs in dim sunlight. It will use night roosts in buildings between bouts of foraging but does not use anthropomorphic structures for day roosts.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC336E4FFC24C09FF753186FB47FAA4" blockId="13.[206,1834,359,1990]" pageId="13" pageNumber="362">
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC24C09FF753186FCD1FAF1" bold="true" box="[208,809,1265,1304]" pageId="13" pageNumber="362">Movements, Home range and</emphasis>
Social
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC24C09FC6F3186FB45FAF1" bold="true" box="[970,1213,1265,1304]" pageId="13" pageNumber="362">organization.</emphasis>
Roosting colonies of
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC24C09F92D3186F8DAFAF1" box="[1672,1826,1265,1304]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="362">Western</emphasis>
Sheath-tailed Bats are usually less than 20 individuals.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C366656FFFC24C09FF75302CFDF7F8C0" pageId="13" pageNumber="362" type="conservation">
<paragraph id="8BC336E4FFC24C09FF75302CFDF7F8C0" blockId="13.[206,1834,359,1990]" pageId="13" pageNumber="362">
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC24C09FF75302CFD33FA6B" bold="true" box="[208,715,1371,1410]" pageId="13" pageNumber="362">
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC24C09FF75302CFD3BFA6B" box="[208,707,1371,1410]" pageId="13" pageNumber="362">Status and Conservation</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
Classified as Least Concern on
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC24C09FAFF302CFA64FA6B" box="[1370,1436,1371,1410]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="362">The</emphasis>
IUCN
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC24C09F984302CF93CFA6B" box="[1569,1732,1371,1410]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="362">Red List.</emphasis>
The
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC24C09FF6B30E7FE8AFA5E" box="[206,370,1424,1463]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="362">Western</emphasis>
Sheath-tailed Bat currently has a large distribution, but it has experienced some population decline due to loss of foraging habitat. It is not abundant anywhere in its distribution, and close population monitoring and periodic
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC24C09F96D308DFE7CF9BE" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="362">reassessment</emphasis>
are needed. It is threatened by habitat loss from slash-and-burn agriculture, logging, and charcoal collecting. Other potential threats include cave disturbance from tourism activities, fire, and mining. It is protected in Parc National Tsingy de Bemaraha, Réserve Spéciale dAnkarana and Réserve Spéciale dAnalamerana.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C366656FFFC24C09FF743249FD72F82A" pageId="13" pageNumber="362" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BC336E4FFC24C09FF743249FD72F82A" blockId="13.[206,1834,359,1990]" pageId="13" pageNumber="362">
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC24C09FF743249FE59F8B0" bold="true" box="[209,417,1854,1881]" pageId="13" pageNumber="362">Bibliography.</emphasis>
Cardiff (2006), Goodman, Andriafidison et al. (2005), Goodman, Cardiff et al. (2006), Jenkins et al. (2007),
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC24C09FE3D3204FE04F867" box="[408,508,1907,1934]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="362">Kofoky</emphasis>
et
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC24C09FD8B3204FDB6F867" box="[558,590,1907,1934]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="362">al.</emphasis>
(2007),
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC24C09FD683204FC95F867" box="[717,877,1907,1934]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="362">Monadjem</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC24C09FC253204FC18F867" box="[896,992,1907,1934]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="362">Cardiff</emphasis>
et al. (2017b), Peterson et al. (1995), Razakarivony et
<emphasis id="B908EAF6FFC24C09F8A43204F8E7F867" box="[1793,1823,1907,1934]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="362">al.</emphasis>
(2005), Robinson et al. (2006).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>