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<document id="EBAE42F0491675923158C2B69F7B58C0" ID-DOI="10.1080/00222930210155701" ID-ISSN="1464-5262" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1629979948711" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Cantero, A. L. Peña &amp; Vervoort, W." docDate="2003" docId="03FD87E3716F092FFDFFFA12FBEABD1B" docLanguage="en" docName="JNatHist.37.22.2653-2722.pdf" docOrigin="Journal of Natural History 37 (22)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222930210155701" docStyle="DocumentStyle:443144A73DAE3E092C51A378E4CD0138.2:JNatHist.2003-2004.journal_article.1cover" docStyleId="443144A73DAE3E092C51A378E4CD0138" docStyleName="JNatHist.2003-2004.journal_article.1cover" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Staurotheca antarctica Hartlaub 1904" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="2673" masterDocId="FFC4FF9B717D093AFFC2FFA7FFCEBE30" masterDocTitle="Species of Staurotheca Allman, 1888 (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa: Sertulariidae) from US Antarctic expeditions, with the description of three new species" masterLastPageNumber="2722" masterPageNumber="2653" pageNumber="2670" updateTime="1699133067467" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
<mods:mods id="05B167B00FCB244EE3BBAD10F9A4FC10" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="88E629FEFCFBC1B7F47F6DD53082402E">
<mods:title id="0EBFF5EC229F1512B3A19B826665F812">Species of Staurotheca Allman, 1888 (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa: Sertulariidae) from US Antarctic expeditions, with the description of three new species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="40CADE2D32A787D4F84718EF229E41D1">Cantero, A. L. Peña</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
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<mods:namePart id="28544EF53EE2F029050316D453988ACF">Vervoort, W.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="3426786D9740456B9058DD60E17F1C98">Journal of Natural History</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="474FF3BF50605CF9DDE55A979CD539AD">
<mods:date id="8D5EA2E344BFB54B0034D2FE319623BC">2003</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="EFB0459D2958C4C2DA10997CF93B38F7" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="56DB55EF45ED34818C35288FCDE72408">2003-11-30</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="33779FCB20A331BD68B0173F9E6F35D1" type="volume">
<mods:number id="16D523B759FF1FC74CD547EDDB2690E8">37</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="B5BA96B10B4FFBEA126F4543D526370C" type="issue">
<mods:number id="266917C762E8147174202C08E7081CFF">22</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="1C4A18E41F9C05BE4F3A5966D1E78818">2653</mods:start>
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<mods:identifier id="A9F547F3BB41C08E9A32A4396E5F7259" type="DOI">10.1080/00222930210155701</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="6CE64BEDD59D67F8861E471F8DDDAB39" type="ISSN">1464-5262</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03FD87E3716F092FFDFFFA12FBEABD1B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FD87E3716F092FFDFFFA12FBEABD1B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FD87E3716F092FFDFFFA12FBEABD1B" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="2673" pageId="18" pageNumber="2670">
<subSubSection id="C34E657E716F0928FDFFFA12FC85BBDE" pageId="18" pageNumber="2670" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BEB36F5716F0928FDFFFA12FC3EBBFE" blockId="18.[573,1008,1461,1486]" box="[573,1008,1461,1486]" pageId="18" pageNumber="2670">
<heading id="D0A38199716F0928FDFFFA12FC3EBBFE" box="[573,1008,1461,1486]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="18" pageNumber="2670" reason="3">
<taxonomicName id="4C544D76716F0928FDFFFA12FC3EBBFE" authority="Hartlaub, 1904" authorityName="Hartlaub" authorityYear="1904" box="[573,1008,1461,1486]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Staurotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="18" pageNumber="2670" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="antarctica">
<emphasis id="B920EAE7716F0928FDFFFA12FCF4BBFE" bold="true" box="[573,826,1461,1486]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="2670">Staurotheca antarctica</emphasis>
Hartlaub, 1904
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEB36F5716F0928FD20FA71FC85BBDE" blockId="18.[313,1269,1494,1736]" box="[738,843,1494,1518]" pageId="18" pageNumber="2670">(figure 3)</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34E657E716F0928FEFBFA50FB3BB86D" pageId="18" pageNumber="2670" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BEB36F5716F0928FEFBFA50FB3BB86D" blockId="18.[313,1269,1494,1736]" pageId="18" pageNumber="2670">
<taxonomicName id="4C544D76716F0928FEFBFA50FD27B83D" authority="Hartlaub, 1904: 16" authorityName="Hartlaub" authorityPageNumber="16" authorityYear="1904" box="[313,745,1527,1549]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Staurotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="18" pageNumber="2670" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="antarctica">
<emphasis id="B920EAE7716F0928FEFBFA50FDD3B83D" box="[313,541,1527,1549]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="2670">Staurotheca antarctica</emphasis>
Hartlaub, 1904: 16
</taxonomicName>
, pl. 1 figure 4, pl. 2 figure 4; 1905: 616; Vanhöffen, 1910: 329, figure 43a–c; Billard, 1906: 3; 1914: 13, figures 7, 8; Stechow, 1919: 82; Ushakov, 1964: 289; Blanco, 1971: 64; 1978: 157, figure 3; 1992: 155, figure 1; 1994a: 160; 1994b: 196; Bouillon
<emphasis id="B920EAE7716F0928FE33F9EFFDD2B86C" box="[497,540,1607,1629]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="2670">et al</emphasis>
., 1995: 76; Peña Cantero
<emphasis id="B920EAE7716F0928FCE6F9EFFC81B86C" box="[804,847,1607,1629]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="2670">et al</emphasis>
., 1997: 336, 340–345, figure 1; 1999: 160.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34E657E716F0928FEFBF9C5FB57B8F7" pageId="18" pageNumber="2670" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BEB36F5716F0928FEFBF9C5FCB5B8A1" blockId="18.[313,1269,1494,1736]" pageId="18" pageNumber="2670">
?
<taxonomicName id="4C544D76716F0928FE8FF9C5FD33B848" authority="Ritchie, 1907: 538" authorityName="Ritchie" authorityPageNumber="538" authorityYear="1907" box="[333,765,1633,1656]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Staurotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="18" pageNumber="2670" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="reticulata">
<emphasis id="B920EAE7716F0928FE8FF9C5FDE1B847" box="[333,559,1634,1655]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="2670">Staurotheca reticulata</emphasis>
Ritchie, 1907: 538
</taxonomicName>
, pl. 1 figure 1a, b; Billard, 1914: 16; Rees and Thursfield, 1965: 115, 200; Smaldon
<emphasis id="B920EAE7716F0928FD1FF9DAFCC7B8A1" box="[733,777,1660,1682]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="2670">et al</emphasis>
., 1976: 18.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEB36F5716F0928FEFBF930FB57B8F7" blockId="18.[313,1269,1494,1736]" pageId="18" pageNumber="2670">
?
<taxonomicName id="4C544D76716F0928FE8BF930FD21B89C" authority=": Totton, 1930: 177" authorityName="Totton" authorityPageNumber="177" authorityYear="1930" box="[329,751,1687,1709]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Staurotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="18" pageNumber="2670" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="antarctica">
<emphasis id="B920EAE7716F0928FE8BF930FDE2B89D" box="[329,556,1687,1709]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="2670">Staurotheca antarctica</emphasis>
: Totton, 1930: 177
</taxonomicName>
, figure 28, pl. 2 figure 6; Briggs, 1938: 26; Naumov and Stepan’yants, 1972: 34, 51; Stepan’yants, 1972: 71; 1979: 98, pl. 19 figure 1.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF2B667D716E0929FEFBF9B2FC7EB84A" pageId="19" pageNumber="2671" startId="19.[313,329,1557,1578]" targetBox="[316,1266,179,1530]" targetPageId="19">
<paragraph id="8BEB36F5716E0929FEFBF9B2FC7EB84A" blockId="19.[313,1268,1556,1658]" pageId="19" pageNumber="2671">
F. 3.
<taxonomicName id="4C544D76716E0929FE57F9B3FCEDB81A" authority="Hartlaub, 1904" authorityName="Hartlaub" authorityYear="1904" box="[405,803,1556,1578]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Staurotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="19" pageNumber="2671" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="antarctica">
<emphasis id="B920EAE7716E0929FE57F9B3FDB4B81A" box="[405,634,1556,1578]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="2671">Staurotheca antarctica</emphasis>
Hartlaub, 1904
</taxonomicName>
. (A) Part of branch showing branching and arrangement of hydrothecae in decussate pairs; (B, C) hydrothecae; (D) hydrotheca and female gonotheca; (E) hydrotheca and male gonotheca. (A, B, D: Stn 32/2080; C, E: Stn 731/1843.) Scale bar: 1 mm (A), 400 Mm (B–E).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C34E657E7169092FFEFBFF15FBEABD1B" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="2673" pageId="20" pageNumber="2672" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BEB36F57169092EFEFBFF15FC4FBECD" blockId="20.[313,1268,177,306]" pageId="20" pageNumber="2672">
Not
<taxonomicName id="4C544D767169092EFEABFF16FCC3BEF7" authority=": Millard, 1977: 21" authorityName=": Millard" authorityPageNumber="21" authorityYear="1977" box="[361,781,177,199]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Staurotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="20" pageNumber="2672" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="antarctica">
<emphasis id="B920EAE77169092EFEABFF16FD82BEF7" box="[361,588,177,199]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="2672">Staurotheca antarctica</emphasis>
: Millard, 1977: 21
</taxonomicName>
; Peña Cantero, 1991: 113, pl. 17; Peña Cantero and García Carrascosa, 1994: 122, figure 5e, f; 1995: 59–62, figure 25A–E (=
<taxonomicName id="4C544D767169092EFBBEFF6BFCBBBECD" authority="Pena Cantero, Svoboda and Vervoort, 1997" authorityName="Pena Cantero, Svoboda and Vervoort" authorityYear="1997" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Staurotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="20" pageNumber="2672" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="frigida">
<emphasis id="B920EAE77169092EFBBEFF6BFE6DBECC" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="2672">Staurotheca frigida</emphasis>
Peña Cantero, Svoboda and Vervoort, 1997
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEB36F57169092EFEFBFEA5FB67BF02" blockId="20.[313,1268,177,306]" pageId="20" pageNumber="2672">
Not
<taxonomicName id="4C544D767169092EFEABFEA6FD7ABF27" authority=": Naumov" authorityName="Naumov" box="[361,692,257,279]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Staurotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="20" pageNumber="2672" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="antarctica">
<emphasis id="B920EAE77169092EFEABFEA6FD82BF27" box="[361,588,257,279]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="2672">Staurotheca antarctica</emphasis>
: Naumov
</taxonomicName>
and Stepan’yants, 1962: 90; Vervoort, 1972: 198, figures 67, 68b (=?
<taxonomicName id="4C544D767169092EFE21FEBBFB53BF02" authority="Pena Cantero, Svoboda and Vervoort, 1997" authorityName="Pena Cantero, Svoboda and Vervoort" authorityYear="1997" box="[483,1181,284,306]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Staurotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="20" pageNumber="2672" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="nonscripta">
<emphasis id="B920EAE77169092EFE21FEBBFD04BF01" box="[483,714,284,305]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="2672">Staurotheca nonscripta</emphasis>
Peña Cantero, Svoboda and Vervoort, 1997
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEB36F57169092EFEA3FEF3FBFEBD5B" blockId="20.[313,1269,340,1736]" pageId="20" pageNumber="2672">
<emphasis id="B920EAE77169092EFEA3FEF3FDFCBF5C" box="[353,562,340,364]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="2672">Material examined</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B920EAE77169092EFD96FEF2FD66BF5D" box="[596,680,341,365]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="2672">00DAB</emphasis>
, two fragments up to
<quantity id="4CAC9B107169092EFC62FEF3FC10BF5C" box="[928,990,340,364]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="20" pageNumber="2672" unit="mm" value="6.0">6 mm</quantity>
long (USNM 1003108);
<emphasis id="B920EAE77169092EFEFBFED3FE9ABFBC" box="[313,340,372,396]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="2672">27</emphasis>
/
<emphasis id="B920EAE77169092EFE9EFED3FE5FBFBC" box="[348,401,372,396]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="2672">1896</emphasis>
, several fragments up to
<quantity id="4CAC9B107169092EFD01FED3FCC0BFBC" box="[707,782,372,396]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="20" pageNumber="2672" unit="mm" value="17.0">17 mm</quantity>
long (USNM 1003109);
<emphasis id="B920EAE77169092EFBFEFED3FB99BFBC" box="[1084,1111,372,396]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="2672">32</emphasis>
/
<emphasis id="B920EAE77169092EFB9DFED3FB5ABFBC" box="[1119,1172,372,396]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="2672">1995</emphasis>
, several fragments up to
<quantity id="4CAC9B107169092EFE34FE32FDFABF9C" box="[502,564,405,428]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="20" pageNumber="2672" unit="mm" value="7.0">7 mm</quantity>
long (USNM 1003110);
<emphasis id="B920EAE77169092EFC94FE33FCBFBF9C" box="[854,881,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="2672">32</emphasis>
/
<emphasis id="B920EAE77169092EFCBBFE33FC60BF9C" box="[889,942,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="2672">2021</emphasis>
, one fragment
<emphasis id="B920EAE77169092EFB9EFE32FBBBBF9C" box="[1116,1141,405,428]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="2672">ca</emphasis>
<quantity id="4CAC9B107169092EFBBFFE33FB75BF9C" box="[1149,1211,404,428]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="20" pageNumber="2672" unit="mm" value="8.0">8 mm</quantity>
long (USNM 1003111);
<emphasis id="B920EAE77169092EFDD9FE13FDF8BFFC" box="[539,566,436,460]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="2672">32</emphasis>
/
<emphasis id="B920EAE77169092EFDFDFE13FDBABFFC" box="[575,628,436,460]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="2672">2072</emphasis>
, numerous small fragments (USNM 1003112; RMNH- Coel. 30241);
<emphasis id="B920EAE77169092EFE25FE73FDCCBFDC" box="[487,514,468,492]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="2672">32</emphasis>
/
<emphasis id="B920EAE77169092EFDC8FE73FDF1BFDC" box="[522,575,468,492]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="2672">2080</emphasis>
, a mass of branches
<emphasis id="B920EAE77169092EFC8CFE72FCA9BFDC" box="[846,871,469,492]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="2672">ca</emphasis>
<quantity id="4CAC9B107169092EFCB7FE73FC0EBFDC" box="[885,960,468,492]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="20" pageNumber="2672" unit="mm" value="20.0">20 mm</quantity>
in diameter, with female gonothecae (USNM 1003113; RMNH-Coel. 30242; MNCN 2.03/250);
<emphasis id="B920EAE77169092EFBBFFE53FB56BC3C" box="[1149,1176,500,524]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="2672">32</emphasis>
/
<emphasis id="B920EAE77169092EFB62FE53FB1BBC3C" box="[1184,1237,500,524]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="2672">2082</emphasis>
, a mass of branches
<emphasis id="B920EAE77169092EFDC8FDB2FDEDBC1C" box="[522,547,533,556]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="2672">ca</emphasis>
<quantity id="4CAC9B107169092EFDEEFDB4FDB9BC1B" box="[556,631,531,556]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="20" pageNumber="2672" unit="mm" value="15.0">15 mm</quantity>
in diameter, with male gonothecae (USNM 1003114);
<emphasis id="B920EAE77169092EFEFBFD93FE9ABC7C" box="[313,340,564,588]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="2672">32</emphasis>
/
<emphasis id="B920EAE77169092EFE9EFD93FE5FBC7C" box="[348,401,564,588]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="2672">2095</emphasis>
, seven fragments up to
<quantity id="4CAC9B107169092EFD6FFD93FD36BC7B" box="[685,760,564,588]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="20" pageNumber="2672" unit="mm" value="10.0">10 mm</quantity>
long (USNM 1003115);
<emphasis id="B920EAE77169092EFBE3FD93FBF2BC7C" box="[1057,1084,564,588]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="2672">51</emphasis>
/
<emphasis id="B920EAE77169092EFB87FD93FBB4BC7C" box="[1093,1146,564,588]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="2672">5762</emphasis>
, one fragment
<emphasis id="B920EAE77169092EFEBEFDF3FE5BBC5B" box="[380,405,596,619]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="2672">ca</emphasis>
<quantity id="4CAC9B107169092EFE5DFDF3FE24BC5B" box="[415,490,596,620]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="20" pageNumber="2672" unit="mm" value="11.0">11 mm</quantity>
long (USNM 1003116);
<emphasis id="B920EAE77169092EFCD6FDF3FCF2BC5C" box="[788,828,596,620]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="2672">721</emphasis>
/
<emphasis id="B920EAE77169092EFC87FDF4FCA3BC5B" box="[837,877,595,619]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="2672">765</emphasis>
, a mass of branches
<emphasis id="B920EAE77169092EFBA5FDF3FB4EBC5B" box="[1127,1152,596,619]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="2672">ca</emphasis>
<quantity id="4CAC9B107169092EFB48FDF3FB1ABC5B" box="[1162,1236,596,620]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="20" pageNumber="2672" unit="mm" value="20.0">20 mm</quantity>
in diameter (USNM 1003117; RMNH-Coel. 30243; MNCN 2.03/251);
<emphasis id="B920EAE77169092EFB9DFDD3FB49BCBC" box="[1119,1159,628,652]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="2672">721</emphasis>
/
<emphasis id="B920EAE77169092EFB52FDD3FB76BCBC" box="[1168,1208,628,652]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="2672">843</emphasis>
, two fragments up to
<quantity id="4CAC9B107169092EFE3DFD34FD84BC9B" box="[511,586,659,683]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="20" pageNumber="2672" unit="mm" value="20.0">20 mm</quantity>
long (USNM 1003118);
<emphasis id="B920EAE77169092EFCB5FD34FC51BC9B" box="[887,927,659,683]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="2672">731</emphasis>
/
<emphasis id="B920EAE77169092EFC6AFD34FC13BC9B" box="[936,989,659,683]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="2672">1843</emphasis>
, a mass of branches
<emphasis id="B920EAE77169092EFB19FD33FB3ABC9B" box="[1243,1268,660,683]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="2672">ca</emphasis>
<quantity id="4CAC9B107169092EFEFBFD15FE4ABCFB" box="[313,388,690,715]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="20" pageNumber="2672" unit="mm" value="25.0">25 mm</quantity>
in diameter, with male gonothecae (USNM 1003119; RMNH-Coel. 30244; MNCN 2.03/252);
<emphasis id="B920EAE77169092EFDDFFD74FD8BBCDB" box="[541,581,723,747]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="2672">731</emphasis>
/
<emphasis id="B920EAE77169092EFD8FFD74FD4CBCDB" box="[589,642,723,747]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="2672">1861</emphasis>
, a mass of branches
<emphasis id="B920EAE77169092EFC45FD73FC6EBCDB" box="[903,928,724,747]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="2672">ca</emphasis>
<quantity id="4CAC9B107169092EFC6EFD74FC39BCDB" box="[940,1015,723,747]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="20" pageNumber="2672" unit="mm" value="10.0">10 mm</quantity>
in diameter (USNM 1003120; RMNH-Coel. 30245);
<emphasis id="B920EAE77169092EFD65FD54FD01BD3B" box="[679,719,755,779]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="2672">824</emphasis>
/
<emphasis id="B920EAE77169092EFD1AFD54FCDBBD3B" box="[728,789,755,779]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="2672">041-1</emphasis>
, a mass of branches
<emphasis id="B920EAE77169092EFBC0FD53FBD5BD3B" box="[1026,1051,756,779]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="2672">ca</emphasis>
<quantity id="4CAC9B107169092EFBE0FD54FBA3BD3B" box="[1058,1133,755,779]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="20" pageNumber="2672" unit="mm" value="30.0">30 mm</quantity>
in diameter (USNM 1003121; RMNH-Coel. 30246; MNCN 2.03/253);
<emphasis id="B920EAE77169092EFC36FCB4FBABBD1B" box="[1012,1125,787,811]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="2672">B-23NOV</emphasis>
, three fragments up to
<quantity id="4CAC9B107169092EFE14FC94FDEFBD7A" box="[470,545,819,843]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="20" pageNumber="2672" unit="mm" value="10.0">10 mm</quantity>
long, in bad condition, with gonothecae (USNM 1003122);
<emphasis id="B920EAE77169092EFEFBFCF4FE78BD5B" box="[313,438,851,875]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="2672">SOSC-L26</emphasis>
, three fragments up to
<quantity id="4CAC9B107169092EFD0AFCF4FCDDBD5A" box="[712,787,851,875]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" pageId="20" pageNumber="2672" unit="mm" value="22.0">22 mm</quantity>
long (USNM 1003123).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEB36F57169092EFEA3FCD4FBFCBDFA" blockId="20.[313,1269,340,1736]" pageId="20" pageNumber="2672">
<emphasis id="B920EAE77169092EFEA3FCD4FE2EBDBA" box="[353,480,883,906]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="2672">Description</emphasis>
. Colonies consisting of a mass of stems and branches up to
<quantity id="4CAC9B107169092EFB6BFCD4FB3ABDBA" box="[1193,1268,883,907]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="20" pageNumber="2672" unit="mm" value="30.0">30 mm</quantity>
in diameter. Branching frequent and irregular. Branches numerous and provided with many anastomoses, giving the colony a compact appearance.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEB36F57169092EFEA3FC75FC12BAF9" blockId="20.[313,1269,340,1736]" pageId="20" pageNumber="2672">
Hydrothecae arranged in decussate pairs, forming four longitudinal rows (figure 3A, B). Hydrotheca small (figure 3A–E), with a small part immersed into the branch. Hydrotheca cylindrical, but distinctly curved outwards (figure 3A–C, E). Adcauline hydrothecal wall adnate to internode for
<emphasis id="B920EAE77169092EFC6CFB94FC09BA7A" box="[942,967,1075,1098]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="2672">ca</emphasis>
half or two-thirds of its length. Free adcauline wall straight or slightly convex. Abcauline hydrothecal wall concave. Hydrothecal aperture circular. Some hydrothecae with renovations of the hydrothecal rim. Hydrothecal diaphragm mushroom-shaped, provided with two abcauline projections pointing into the hydrothecal lumen.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEB36F57169092EFEA3FB76FDEDBBB9" blockId="20.[313,1269,340,1736]" pageId="20" pageNumber="2672">Female and male gonothecae present. Female gonothecae (figure 3D) inserted on a characteristic digitiform, bifid process originating at the hydrothecal base. Gonotheca globular, provided with a large circular aperture facing the bifid process; external wall ornamented by digitiform projections. Male gonothecae inserted directly at the hydrothecal base, fusiform and provided with a small, circular, distal aperture (figure 3E).</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEB36F57169092EFEA3FA36FB3AB838" blockId="20.[313,1269,340,1736]" pageId="20" pageNumber="2672">
<emphasis id="B920EAE77169092EFEA3FA36FE0ABB99" box="[353,452,1425,1449]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="2672">Remarks</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C544D767169092EFE27FA36FD25BB98" box="[485,747,1425,1449]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Staurotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="20" pageNumber="2672" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="antarctica">
<emphasis id="B920EAE77169092EFE27FA36FD25BB98" box="[485,747,1425,1449]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="2672">Staurotheca antarctica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
belongs to a group of Antarctic species (
<taxonomicName id="4C544D767169092EFE80FA16FE07BBF8" authorityName="Pena Cantero &amp; Vervoort" authorityYear="2003" box="[322,457,1456,1480]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Staurotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="20" pageNumber="2672" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="abyssalis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B920EAE77169092EFE80FA16FE07BBF8" box="[322,457,1456,1480]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="2672">S. abyssalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A213579C7169092EFE14FA16FDF6BBF8" box="[470,568,1457,1480]" pageId="20" pageNumber="2672" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C544D767169092EFD8BFA16FD2EBBF8" authorityName="Briggs" authorityYear="1938" box="[585,736,1457,1480]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Staurotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="20" pageNumber="2672" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="compressa">
<emphasis id="B920EAE77169092EFD8BFA16FD2EBBF8" box="[585,736,1457,1480]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="2672">S. compressa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C544D767169092EFD36FA16FCA3BBF8" authorityName="Pena Cantero, Garcia Carrascosa and Vervoort" authorityYear="1999" box="[756,877,1457,1480]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Staurotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="20" pageNumber="2672" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="cornuta">
<emphasis id="B920EAE77169092EFD36FA16FCA3BBF8" box="[756,877,1457,1480]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="2672">S. cornuta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C544D767169092EFC43FA16FC20BBF8" authorityName="Pena Cantero, Svoboda and Vervoort" authorityYear="1997" box="[897,1006,1456,1480]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Staurotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="20" pageNumber="2672" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="frigida">
<emphasis id="B920EAE77169092EFC43FA16FC20BBF8" box="[897,1006,1456,1480]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="2672">S. frigida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) characterized by the female gonothecae resting on a digitiform process and having an ornamented external wall, and the small size of the larger microbasic mastigophores (&lt;19 Mm) (cf.
<tableCitation id="C6D6034E7169092EFB57FA57FB28B838" box="[1173,1254,1520,1544]" captionStart="Table 6" captionStartId="62.[911,967,397,420]" captionText="Table 6. Major features of the known species of" pageId="20" pageNumber="2672">table 6</tableCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEB36F57169092EFEA3F9B6FC32B8B7" blockId="20.[313,1269,340,1736]" pageId="20" pageNumber="2672">
Peña Cantero
<emphasis id="B920EAE77169092EFDCBF9B6FD8AB818" box="[521,580,1552,1576]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="2672">et al.</emphasis>
(1997), after examining the
<typeStatus id="54EF88577169092EFC55F9B6FC09B819" box="[919,967,1553,1577]" pageId="20" pageNumber="2672">type</typeStatus>
series, clarified the status of this species and now it may be considered a well-characterized species, being clearly distinguishable from the other species of the group by the long free part of the hydrotheca and the even rim of the hydrothecal aperture.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEB36F57169092FFEA3F937FB9EBF5D" blockId="20.[313,1269,340,1736]" lastBlockId="21.[313,1268,181,811]" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="2673" pageId="20" pageNumber="2672">
<emphasis id="B920EAE77169092EFEA3F937FDBFB898" box="[353,625,1680,1704]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="2672">Ecology and distribution</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C544D767169092EFD51F937FC5EB897" box="[659,912,1680,1704]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Staurotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="20" pageNumber="2672" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="antarctica">
<emphasis id="B920EAE77169092EFD51F937FC5EB897" box="[659,912,1680,1704]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="2672">Staurotheca antarctica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a shelf species that has been found from 176 (Billard, 1914) to
<quantity id="4CAC9B107169092EFD78F917FD33B8F7" box="[698,765,1712,1736]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.609999999999999" pageId="20" pageNumber="2672" unit="m" value="661.0">661 m</quantity>
depth (Peña Cantero
<emphasis id="B920EAE77169092EFC34F917FBE3B8F8" box="[1014,1069,1712,1736]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="2672">et al.</emphasis>
, 1997) on muddy (Totton, 1930; Peña Cantero
<emphasis id="B920EAE77168092FFD5EFF11FD17BEFD" box="[668,729,181,205]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="2673">et al.</emphasis>
, 1997), and stony and rocky bottoms (Peña Cantero
<emphasis id="B920EAE77168092FFE62FF71FE15BEDD" box="[416,475,213,237]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="2673">et al.</emphasis>
, 1997). The present material comes from
<quantity id="4CAC9B107168092FFC09FF73FB9ABEDC" box="[971,1108,212,237]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.425" metricValueMax="6.3" metricValueMin="0.55" pageId="21" pageNumber="2673" unit="m" value="342.5" valueMax="630.0" valueMin="55.0">55 to 630 m</quantity>
depth. It has been found with gonothecae in January (Vanhöffen, 1910; Totton, 1930; Peña Cantero
<emphasis id="B920EAE77168092FFE63FEB2FE13BF1D" box="[417,477,277,301]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="2673">et al.</emphasis>
, 1997) and February (Peña Cantero
<emphasis id="B920EAE77168092FFC5EFEB2FC17BF1D" box="[924,985,277,301]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="2673">et al.</emphasis>
, 1997). In our material fertile colonies were collected in January, February and November. It may be used as substratum by other hydroids (
<taxonomicName id="4C544D767168092FFD7DFEF3FC8EBF5C" box="[703,832,340,364]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Hebellidae" genus="Hebella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="21" pageNumber="2673" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B920EAE77168092FFD7DFEF3FCDBBF5C" box="[703,789,340,364]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="2673">Hebella</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C544D767168092FFC8CFEF3FB8CBF5D" box="[846,1090,340,365]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Symplectoscyphidae" genus="Symplectoscyphus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="21" pageNumber="2673" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B920EAE77168092FFC8CFEF3FBD9BF5C" box="[846,1047,340,364]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="2673">Symplectoscyphus</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEB36F57168092FFEA3FED3FBEABD1B" blockId="21.[313,1268,181,811]" pageId="21" pageNumber="2673">
<taxonomicName id="4C544D767168092FFEA3FED3FDAABFBC" box="[353,612,372,396]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Staurotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="21" pageNumber="2673" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="antarctica">
<emphasis id="B920EAE77168092FFEA3FED3FDAABFBC" box="[353,612,372,396]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="2673">Staurotheca antarctica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
seems to have a circum-Antarctic distribution, being known from both East and West
<collectingCountry id="F34376657168092FFD0CFE33FC84BF9C" box="[718,842,404,428]" name="Antarctica" pageId="21" pageNumber="2673">Antarctica</collectingCountry>
: in the former it has been recorded from Posadowsky Bay, in the Davis Sea (Vanhöffen, 1910) and McMurdo Sound, in the Ross Sea (Totton, 1930); in West
<collectingCountry id="F34376657168092FFC9AFE73FC1EBFDC" box="[856,976,468,492]" name="Antarctica" pageId="21" pageNumber="2673">Antarctica</collectingCountry>
it is known from the Bellingshausen Sea (70°23∞S, 82°47∞W) (Hartlaub, 1904), Marguerite Bay (Antarctic Peninsula) (Billard, 1914), Petermann Island (65°10∞S, 64°10∞W) (Blanco, 1978),
<collectingCountry id="F34376657168092FFEFBFD93FE2FBC7C" box="[313,481,564,588]" name="South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands" pageId="21" pageNumber="2673">South Georgia</collectingCountry>
(Blanco, 1992, 1994b), and the south and east coasts of the Weddell Sea (Peña Cantero
<emphasis id="B920EAE77168092FFDDEFDF3FD98BC5C" box="[540,598,596,620]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="2673">et al.</emphasis>
, 1997). Our material comes from the Antarctic Peninsula area, the Ross Sea, and the Wilkes Land region. In the Antarctic Peninsula it was found off Anvers Island (Palmer Archipelago), west of Adelaide Island and south of Lavoisier Island (Biscoe Islands). In the Ross Sea region it was found in the central area, off Victoria Land (Franklin Island, east of Cape Hallett, and Pennell Bank) and off Marie Byrd Land (NW of Cape Colbeck). At Wilkes Land, finally,
<taxonomicName id="4C544D767168092FFEFBFCB4FE06BD1B" box="[313,456,787,811]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Staurotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="21" pageNumber="2673" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="antarctica">
<emphasis id="B920EAE77168092FFEFBFCB4FE06BD1B" box="[313,456,787,811]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="2673">S. antarctica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was collected off Wilkes Station at the Budd Coast.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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