226 lines
26 KiB
XML
226 lines
26 KiB
XML
<document id="D2A665A08E5920288F9377DC79410823" ID-ISSN="11755334" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1627162494018" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Hennemann, Frank H. & Conle, Oskar V." docDate="2008" docId="6E4B4278F9457C11FF722841FE3FFF71" docLanguage="en" docName="zt01906p316.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1906" docStyle="DocumentStyle:C4791ACFF01C5C140D2C1A203DB3C9B0.4:Zootaxa.2007-2008.monograph" docStyleId="C4791ACFF01C5C140D2C1A203DB3C9B0" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2007-2008.monograph" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Baculonistria Hennemann & Conle 2008, gen. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="86" masterDocId="92723A00F9117C47FFE52F43FFB8FFC3" masterDocTitle="Revision of Oriental Phasmatodea: The tribe Pharnaciini Günther, 1953, including the description of the world's longest insect, and a survey of the family Phasmatidae Gray, 1835 with keys to the subfamilies and tribes (Phasmatodea: " Anareolatae ": Phasmatidae)" masterLastPageNumber="316" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="85" updateTime="1699022412289" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:mods id="9590338E6100EFB3859C04B9F6B2638C" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="24560F2101754F39BAB2CA4179203ABC">
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<mods:title id="CC3B0000A64D1E9FBC278102FA7C193D">Revision of Oriental Phasmatodea: The tribe Pharnaciini Günther, 1953, including the description of the world's longest insect, and a survey of the family Phasmatidae Gray, 1835 with keys to the subfamilies and tribes (Phasmatodea: " Anareolatae ": Phasmatidae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="EEB5B2A6591C3161CA8CF4875FAFF286" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="C12E4CDF0F51B83A9D8FDA1B9596224E">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="7906CA3A97F5C2905EB83791BCDF3E7A">Hennemann, Frank H.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="CC1C4236BDAEF957A059DC69F9AA3166" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="A6E7B5988EFC96F0F5709C132A9A76B0">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="A5DBE32D4C6069C586BC9107164A3C18">Conle, Oskar V.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="1A59615F7211F1533061BA8FD332C4A4">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="6426C3620B09DA2069647D2AC6294F66">
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<mods:title id="E5909508B955CF0DBC72784CA2FA31C3">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="A89FAD2B9FCEC23DAE66726AF68D75D4">
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<mods:date id="B906762000FD51ECD1E8C9BE0B1F5D80">2008</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="537C8752603CD59092BC4A234BBFE76D">2008-10-15</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="09DCE6E4900DE7AFFD33D638FFF85A74" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="539ACB9AB9E8AB7B91EE36E3701DA1B7">1906</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="5542BDE9ADF5349E7B8B8249897B243B">1</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="05C211556CAE440CE643165F966C571B">316</mods:end>
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<mods:classification id="37128A5847D775248C2870056CFC468B">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="A92B84560FFE4E49535D5EA14AB28814" type="ISSN">11755334</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="6E4B4278F9457C11FF722841FE3FFF71" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5135869" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5135869" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6E4B4278F9457C11FF722841FE3FFF71" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/6E4B4278F9457C11FF722841FE3FFF71" lastPageId="86" lastPageNumber="86" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">
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<subSubSection id="AEF8A0E5F9457C13FF722841FD8BF8DF" box="[151,563,1794,1820]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="E65DF36EF9457C13FF722841FD8BF8DF" blockId="84.[151,563,1794,1820]" box="[151,563,1794,1820]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">
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<heading id="BD154402F9457C13FF722841FD8BF8DF" bold="true" box="[151,563,1794,1820]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="D4962F7CF9457C13FF722841FD8BF8DF" bold="true" box="[151,563,1794,1820]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">
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6.1 Genus
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<taxonomicName id="21E288EDF9457C13FEFF2841FE06F8DF" ID-CoL="8NMZG" authority="Hennemann & Conle, 2008" authorityName="Hennemann & Conle" authorityYear="2008" box="[282,446,1794,1820]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Baculonistria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
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||
<emphasis id="D4962F7CF9457C13FEFF2841FE06F8DF" bold="true" box="[282,446,1794,1820]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Baculonistria</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="CFA59207F9457C13FE202841FD8BF8DF" box="[453,563,1794,1820]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="AEF8A0E5F9457C13FF72280FFC73F8A7" box="[151,971,1868,1892]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" type="type_taxon">
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<paragraph id="E65DF36EF9457C13FF72280FFC73F8A7" blockId="84.[151,971,1868,1892]" box="[151,971,1868,1892]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">
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||
<emphasis id="D4962F7CF9457C13FF72280FFE95F8A7" bold="true" box="[151,301,1868,1892]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">
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||
<typeStatus id="39594DCCF9457C13FF72280FFF77F8A7" box="[151,207,1868,1892]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Type</typeStatus>
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species:
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</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="21E288EDF9457C13FED6280EFD71F8A7" ID-CoL="68BK2" authority="Chen & He, 1990: 54" authorityName="Chen & He" authorityPageNumber="54" authorityYear="1990" box="[307,713,1869,1892]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Baculum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="album">
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<emphasis id="D4962F7CF9457C13FED6280EFE64F8A7" box="[307,476,1869,1892]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Baculum album</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="82738E9FF9457C13FE07280EFD71F8A7" author="Chen, S. & He, Y." box="[482,713,1869,1892]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" pagination="54 - 56" refId="ref202380" refString="Chen, S. & He, Y. (1990) Baculum album - a new walking-stick injurious to forests in Sichuan. J ournal of Beijing Forestry University, 12 (4), 54 - 56." type="journal article" year="1990">Chen & He, 1990: 54</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, by present designation.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="AEF8A0E5F9457C13FF7228CEFD93F827" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" type="reference_group">
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||
<paragraph id="E65DF36EF9457C13FF7228CEFE57F867" blockId="84.[151,555,1933,2020]" box="[151,495,1933,1956]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="C6F2D440F9457C13FF7228CEFE57F867" box="[151,495,1933,1956]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">
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||
<treatmentCitation id="6743D57FF9457C13FF7228CEFE53F867" author="Chen, S. & He, Y." box="[151,491,1933,1956]" page="54" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" year="1990">
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||
<taxonomicName id="21E288EDF9457C13FF7228CEFE53F867" ID-CoL="8PNCC" authority=", Chen & He, 1990: 54" authorityName=", Chen & He" authorityPageNumber="54" authorityYear="1990" box="[151,491,1933,1956]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Baculum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="D4962F7CF9457C13FF7228CEFF4EF867" box="[151,246,1933,1956]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Baculum</emphasis>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="82738E9FF9457C13FEE628CEFE53F867" author="Chen, S. & He, Y." box="[259,491,1933,1956]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" pagination="54 - 56" refId="ref202380" refString="Chen, S. & He, Y. (1990) Baculum album - a new walking-stick injurious to forests in Sichuan. J ournal of Beijing Forestry University, 12 (4), 54 - 56." type="journal article" year="1990">Chen & He, 1990: 54</bibRefCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
.
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||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
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||
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="E65DF36EF9457C13FF7228EEFDACF807" blockId="84.[151,555,1933,2020]" box="[151,532,1965,1988]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">
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||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="C6F2D440F9457C13FF7228EEFDACF807" box="[151,532,1965,1988]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">
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||
<treatmentCitation id="6743D57FF9457C13FF7228EEFDA8F807" author="Cai, B. L. & Liu, S. L." box="[151,528,1965,1988]" page="469" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" year="1993">
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||
<taxonomicName id="21E288EDF9457C13FF7228EEFDA8F807" ID-CoL="8NXHY" authority=", Cai & Liu, 1993: 469" authorityName="Cai & Liu" authorityPageNumber="469" authorityYear="1993" box="[151,528,1965,1988]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Phobaeticus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="D4962F7CF9457C13FF7228EEFEA3F807" box="[151,283,1965,1988]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Phobaeticus</emphasis>
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||
,
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||
<bibRefCitation id="82738E9FF9457C13FECD28EEFDA8F807" author="Cai, B. L. & Liu, S. L." box="[296,528,1965,1988]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" pagination="469 - 471" refId="ref201925" refString="Cai, B. L. & Liu, S. L. (1993) A new species of Phobaeticus from China. Acta Entomologica Sinica 36 (4), 469 - 471." type="journal article" year="1993">Cai & Liu, 1993: 469</bibRefCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
.
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||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="E65DF36EF9457C13FF22288EFD93F827" blockId="84.[151,555,1933,2020]" box="[199,555,1997,2020]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="82738E9FF9457C13FF22288EFE02F827" author="Chen, S. & He, Y." box="[199,442,1997,2020]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" pagination="113 - 121" refId="ref202464" refString="Chen, S. & He, Y. (1997) Phasmatodea: Phasmatidae and Heteronemiidae. In: Insects of the Three Gorge Reservoir area of Yangtze River. pp. 113 - 121." type="book chapter" year="1997">Chen & He, 1997: 114</bibRefCitation>
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, fig. 3a, b.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="AEF8A0E5F9447C12FF222FDBFE9DF8F1" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" type="description">
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||
<paragraph id="E65DF36EF9447C12FF222FDBFE60FF6C" blockId="85.[199,820,152,207]" box="[199,472,152,175]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="82738E9FF9447C12FF222FDBFECBFF6C" author="Brock, P. D." box="[199,371,152,175]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" pagination="25 - 31" refId="ref201215" refString="Brock, P. D. (1996) Changes of taxonomy in giant stick-insects. Phasmid Studies, 5 (1), 25 - 31." type="journal article" year="1996">Brock, 1996: 28</bibRefCitation>
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(in part).
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="E65DF36EF9447C12FF222FFBFC8CFF0C" blockId="85.[199,820,152,207]" box="[199,820,184,207]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="82738E9FF9447C12FF222FFBFE69FF0C" author="Otte, D. & Brock, P." box="[199,465,184,207]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" refId="ref206913" refString="Otte, D. & Brock, P. (2005) Phasmid Species File. Catalog of Stick and Leaf Insects of the World, 2 nd Edition. The Insect Diversity Association and the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia. CafePress. com, 414 pp." type="book" year="2005">Otte & Brock, 2005: 268</bibRefCitation>
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||
(in part).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="82738E9FF9447C12FDDE2FFBFC88FF0C" author="Chen, S. C. & He, Y." box="[571,816,184,207]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" refId="ref202633" refString="Chen, S. C. & He, Y. (2007) Phasmatodea of China. China Forestry Publishing House. 476 pp., 12 pls." type="book" year="2007">Chen & He, 2007: 347</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="E65DF36EF9447C12FF722FBCFEC8FBF9" blockId="85.[151,1437,255,2002]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
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||
<emphasis id="D4962F7CF9447C12FF722FBCFE81FEDA" bold="true" box="[151,313,255,281]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Description (</emphasis>
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||
<specimenCount id="F0E438E7F9447C12FEDD2FBCFEF4FED0" box="[312,332,255,275]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
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||
,
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||
<specimenCount id="F0E438E7F9447C12FEBF2FBCFED6FED0" box="[346,366,255,275]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
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||
<emphasis id="D4962F7CF9447C12FE8B2FBCFE3AFEDA" bold="true" box="[366,386,255,281]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">):</emphasis>
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||
Medium-sized to long, elongate and moderately slender
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||
<taxonomicName id="21E288EDF9447C12FBF92E43FB1CFED9" authorityName="sensu Gunther" authorityYear="1953" box="[1052,1188,256,282]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Pharnaciini">Pharnaciini</taxonomicName>
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||
, both sexes apterous. Sexual dimorphism moderate.
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<specimenCount id="F0E438E7F9447C12FE1A2E64FD9EFEF8" box="[511,550,295,315]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" type="male">♂♂</specimenCount>
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||
either much smaller and more slender than
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||
<specimenCount id="F0E438E7F9447C12FBCF2E64FBE9FEF8" box="[1066,1105,295,315]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" type="female">♀♀</specimenCount>
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||
. Body surface unarmed and strongly shiny in
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||
<specimenCount id="F0E438E7F9447C12FE8C2E0CFE28FEA0" box="[361,400,335,355]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" type="male">♂♂</specimenCount>
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||
. Head longer than wide and narrowed towards the posterior, vertex flat and smooth. In
|
||
<specimenCount id="F0E438E7F9447C12FF722E34FF06FE48" box="[151,190,375,395]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" type="female">♀♀</specimenCount>
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||
with two minute spines between the eyes. Antennae of
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||
<specimenCount id="F0E438E7F9447C12FCA32E34FCD5FE48" box="[838,877,375,395]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" type="male">♂♂</specimenCount>
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||
slightly shorter than head, pro- and mesonotum combined, in
|
||
<specimenCount id="F0E438E7F9447C12FEDA2EDCFEDEFE70" box="[319,358,415,435]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" type="female">♀♀</specimenCount>
|
||
conspicuously shortened and just about 1.5x longer than head and pronotum combined. Antennomeres IV–XII of
|
||
<specimenCount id="F0E438E7F9447C12FE342E84FE40FE18" box="[465,504,455,475]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" type="female">♀♀</specimenCount>
|
||
distinctly shortened, indistinctly longer than wide. Mesothorax of
|
||
<specimenCount id="F0E438E7F9447C12FACD2E84FAF7FE18" box="[1320,1359,455,475]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" type="female">♀♀</specimenCount>
|
||
short, about as long as metanotum and median segment combined. All sterna and pleurae simple, mesosternum not keeled. Median segment very short and wider than long, about 1/8 the length of metanotum. Abdominal tergites II–VIII longer than wide and parallel-sided. Sternum VII of
|
||
<specimenCount id="F0E438E7F9447C12FC522D7CFC66FD90" box="[951,990,575,595]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" type="female">♀♀</specimenCount>
|
||
with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21E288EDF9447C12FBCF2D03FB21FD99" box="[1066,1177,576,602]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Acrophylla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="85" pageNumber="180" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="distinct">a distinct</taxonomicName>
|
||
praeopercular organ, formed by a gently rounded, transverse lobe. Semi-tergites of anal segment of
|
||
<specimenCount id="F0E438E7F9447C12FBA92D24FBCBFDB8" box="[1100,1139,615,635]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" type="male">♂♂</specimenCount>
|
||
raised anterodorsally, of moderate length and rounded apically. Vomer of
|
||
<specimenCount id="F0E438E7F9447C12FD092DCCFCABFD60" box="[748,787,655,675]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" type="male">♂♂</specimenCount>
|
||
produced and sclerotised, roughly Y-shaped with the apex split. Poculum of
|
||
<specimenCount id="F0E438E7F9447C12FE402DF4FE74FD08" box="[421,460,695,715]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" type="male">♂♂</specimenCount>
|
||
convex and at the angle conically elevated; ± acute. Subgenital plate of
|
||
<specimenCount id="F0E438E7F9447C12FAFF2DF4FAF9FD08" box="[1306,1345,695,715]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" type="female">♀♀</specimenCount>
|
||
keeled, boat-shaped and not reaching to the tip of the anal segment, or very elongate, lanceolate and projecting over the anal segment by more than 2x the combined length of tergites VIII–X. Cerci small, conical and cylindrical in cross-section. All legs of moderate length and minutely dentate ventrally; smooth dorsally. Anterodorsal carina of
|
||
<specimenCount id="F0E438E7F9447C12FEEF2C14FE89FCA8" box="[266,305,855,875]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" type="male">♂♂</specimenCount>
|
||
profemora unarmed. Meso- and metafemora of
|
||
<specimenCount id="F0E438E7F9447C12FC8A2C14FC2EFCA8" box="[879,918,855,875]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" type="male">♂♂</specimenCount>
|
||
slightly broadened. Mesofemora as long as metanotum (
|
||
<specimenCount id="F0E438E7F9447C12FED42C3CFEE0FC50" box="[305,344,895,915]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" type="female">♀♀</specimenCount>
|
||
) or metanotum and median segment combined (
|
||
<specimenCount id="F0E438E7F9447C12FC502C3CFC64FC50" box="[949,988,895,915]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" type="male">♂♂</specimenCount>
|
||
). Medioventral carina of meso- and metafemora distinct, sparingly spinose and occasionally with a prominent spine sub-apically. Hind legs of
|
||
<specimenCount id="F0E438E7F9447C12FA902CE4FA24FC78" box="[1397,1436,935,955]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" type="female">♀♀</specimenCount>
|
||
short and staying clearly beyond apex of abdomen. Probasitarsus as long as (
|
||
<specimenCount id="F0E438E7F9447C12FBF12C8CFB83FC20" box="[1044,1083,975,995]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" type="female">♀♀</specimenCount>
|
||
) or longer than remaining tarsomeres combined (
|
||
<specimenCount id="F0E438E7F9447C12FE612CB4FE13FBC8" box="[388,427,1015,1035]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" type="male">♂♂</specimenCount>
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||
); simple. Meso- and metabasitarsus at least as long as the following three tarsomeres combined; simple.
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||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E65DF36EF9447C12FF202B04FAC4FAE9" blockId="85.[151,1437,255,2002]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4962F7CF9447C12FF202B04FE6BFBA2" bold="true" box="[197,467,1095,1122]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Eggs (Figs. 192–193):</emphasis>
|
||
Medium-sized. Capsule ovoid, distinctly longer than high and oval in cross-section. Polar area impressed and with longitudinal, keel-like extensions dorsally and ventrally. Anterior end of capsule with a prominent opercular collar. Capsule surface minutely punctate and all over covered with numerous, prominent impressions. External micropylar plate slightly less than ½ the length of capsule, broad and roughly heart-shaped, with a broad notch posteromedially. Open internally. Median line very distinct and conspicuously raised from capsule surface. Operculum flat, oval. Capitulum hat-like and distinctly stalked.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E65DF36EF9447C12FF202A74FE9DF8F1" blockId="85.[151,1437,255,2002]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4962F7CF9447C12FF202A74FDBAFA92" bold="true" box="[197,514,1335,1361]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
|
||
Differentiation (
|
||
<tableCitation id="AB60C6D5F9447C12FE6A2A74FE4AFA92" box="[399,498,1335,1361]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="82.[151,241,151,175]" captionText="TABLE 2. Comparison of the genera of Pharnaciini [Key features are highlighted by italic letters]." pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
):
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Distinguished from all other members of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21E288EDF9447C12FBE42A7BFB3EFA91" authorityName="sensu Gunther" authorityYear="1953" box="[1025,1158,1336,1362]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Pharnaciini">Pharnaciini</taxonomicName>
|
||
and its closest relative
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21E288EDF9447C12FF722A23FE79FAB9" authority="Stal, 1875" authorityName="Stal" authorityYear="1875" box="[151,449,1376,1402]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Phryganistria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4962F7CF9447C12FF722A23FE82FABA" box="[151,314,1376,1401]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Phryganistria</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="82738E9FF9447C12FEA32A23FE79FAB9" author="Stal, C." box="[326,449,1376,1402]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" refId="ref208149" refString="Stal, C. (1875 a) Recensio Orthopterorum, 3. Revue critique des Orthopteres decrits par Linne, de Geer et Thunberg. P. A. Norstedt & Soner, Stockholm. 105 pp." type="book" year="1875">Stål, 1875</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by: the short mesonotum which is just indistinctly longer than the metanotum; extremely short and transverse median segment, which is only about 1/8 the length of the metanotum; distinct and spinose medioventral carina of the meso- and metafemora; short mesofemora which are about as long or indistinctly longer than the metanotum (distinctly longer than combined length of metanotum and median segment in all other genera); simple basitarsi and short antennae of both sexes, which are shorter than the head, pro- and mesonotum combined (
|
||
<specimenCount id="F0E438E7F9447C12FDF32964FD85F9F8" box="[534,573,1575,1595]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" type="female">♀♀</specimenCount>
|
||
in particular).
|
||
<specimenCount id="F0E438E7F9447C12FD082964FCACF9F8" box="[749,788,1575,1595]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" type="female">♀♀</specimenCount>
|
||
furthermore differ from all other genera of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21E288EDF9447C12FAF3296BFA24F981" authorityName="sensu Gunther" authorityYear="1953" box="[1302,1436,1576,1602]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Pharnaciini">Pharnaciini</taxonomicName>
|
||
by: having two minute spines between the eyes; distinctly shortened antennomeres IV–XII and having the praeopercular organ formed by a singe, gently rounded transverse lobe at posterior margin of tergite VII (paired lobes in all other genera).
|
||
<specimenCount id="F0E438E7F9447C12FDC629DCFDF2F970" box="[547,586,1695,1715]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" type="male">♂♂</specimenCount>
|
||
are additionally distinguished by the unarmed anterodorsal carina of the profemora. The eggs are distinctive by having a very prominent opercular collar, the capsule surface with numerous large impressions and a broad, heart-shaped micropylar plate which covers less than ½ of the dorsal egg surface.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="AEF8A0E5F9447C12FF20287CFCB5F841" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="E65DF36EF9447C12FF20287CFCB5F841" blockId="85.[151,1437,255,2002]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4962F7CF9447C12FF20287CFEEDF89A" bold="true" box="[197,341,1855,1881]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Etymology:</emphasis>
|
||
Feminine. Combined from “
|
||
<emphasis id="D4962F7CF9447C12FD4F2803FCBDF89A" box="[682,773,1856,1881]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">baculus</emphasis>
|
||
” (lat. = twig) and the ending “-
|
||
<emphasis id="D4962F7CF9447C12FB9D2803FB7CF89A" box="[1144,1220,1856,1881]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">nistria</emphasis>
|
||
” of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21E288EDF9447C12FB1C2803FEB6F841" authority="Stal, 1875" authorityName="Stal" authorityYear="1875" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Phryganistria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4962F7CF9447C12FB1C2803FA24F89A" box="[1273,1436,1856,1881]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Phryganistria</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="82738E9FF9447C12FF72282BFEB6F841" author="Stal, C." box="[151,270,1896,1922]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" refId="ref208149" refString="Stal, C. (1875 a) Recensio Orthopterorum, 3. Revue critique des Orthopteres decrits par Linne, de Geer et Thunberg. P. A. Norstedt & Soner, Stockholm. 105 pp." type="book" year="1875">Stål, 1875</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to mirror the close relation with this genus.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="AEF8A0E5F9447C11FF2028CCFE3FFF71" lastPageId="86" lastPageNumber="87" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="E65DF36EF9447C11FF2028CCFE3FFF71" blockId="85.[151,1437,255,2002]" lastBlockId="86.[151,391,152,178]" lastPageId="86" lastPageNumber="87" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4962F7CF9447C12FF2028CCFE63F86A" bold="true" box="[197,475,1935,1961]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
|
||
Distribution (
|
||
<figureCitation id="7ED9EFEBF9447C12FE9528CCFE74F86A" box="[368,460,1935,1961]" captionStart="FIGURES 83–86" captionStartId="84.[151,269,1545,1569]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,194,1516]" captionTargetId="figure-91@84.[151,1436,194,1519]" captionTargetPageId="84" captionText="FIGURES 83–86. Geographical distribution of the genera of Pharnaciini" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Fig. 85</figureCitation>
|
||
):
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Central and east
|
||
<collectingCountry id="9EF5B3FEF9447C12FD4A28D3FD4DF869" box="[687,757,1936,1962]" name="China" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingRegion id="24263D8CF9447C12FCE328D3FC17F869" box="[774,943,1936,1962]" country="China" name="Sichuan" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Sichuan Prov.</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="24263D8CF9447C12FC5828D3FB31F869" box="[957,1161,1936,1962]" country="China" name="Chongqing" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Chongqing Prov.</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="24263D8CF9447C12FB7328D3FA91F869" box="[1174,1321,1936,1962]" country="China" name="Henan" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Henan Prov.</collectingRegion>
|
||
&
|
||
<collectingRegion id="24263D8CF9447C12FAB728D3FF60F811" country="China" name="Anhui" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Anhui Prov.</collectingRegion>
|
||
). This is the ony genus of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21E288EDF9447C12FDF528FBFD2EF811" authorityName="sensu Gunther" authorityYear="1953" box="[528,662,1976,2002]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Pharnaciini">Pharnaciini</taxonomicName>
|
||
which has dispersed as far north as to the southeastern regions of the Palearctic realm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |