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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1045.63810" ID-GBIF-Dataset="e3ab2700-b888-4721-b7c1-fcb2d0bb38b2" ID-PMC="PMC8233300" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-1045-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="CDADD9D94DEB5471834AF0F1AB8B48AA" ID-PubMed="34228772" ID-ZooBank="2C3076FD13FB4842A7F6B0EBE9B23795" ModsDocID="1313-2970-1045-1" checkinTime="1624048151249" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Giron, Jennifer C. &amp; Short, Andrew Edward Z." docDate="2021" docId="27E3B78C69A2531C19096C0C8CD73E9D" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1045: 1-236" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1045" docPubDate="2021-06-18" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1045.63810" docTitle="Crucisternum Giron &amp; Short 2018" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" id="CDADD9D94DEB5471834AF0F1AB8B48AA" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="CDADD9D94DEB5471834AF0F1AB8B48AA" masterDocTitle="The Acidocerinae (Coleoptera, Hydrophilidae): taxonomy, classification, and catalog of species" masterLastPageNumber="236" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1668150528805" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>The Acidocerinae (Coleoptera, Hydrophilidae): taxonomy, classification, and catalog of species</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Giron, Jennifer C.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Entomology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA &amp; Natural Science Research Laboratory, Museum of Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">entiminae@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Short, Andrew Edward Z.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, and Division of Entomology, Biodiversity Institute, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:part>
<mods:date>2021</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2021-06-18</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>1045</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>1</mods:start>
<mods:end>236</mods:end>
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<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1045.63810</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1045.63810</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-1045-1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">2C3076FD13FB4842A7F6B0EBE9B23795</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">CDADD9D94DEB5471834AF0F1AB8B48AA</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="182959281" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:27E3B78C69A2531C19096C0C8CD73E9D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/27E3B78C69A2531C19096C0C8CD73E9D" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Genus
<taxonomicName authority="Giron &amp; Short, 2018" authorityName="Giron &amp; Short" authorityYear="2018" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Crucisternum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Crucisternum" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
Crucisternum
<normalizedToken originalValue="Girón">Giron</normalizedToken>
&amp; Short, 2018
</taxonomicName>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Variation across Acidocerinae, dorsal and lateral views A Colossochares ellipticus B Peltochares sp. C Peltochares conspicuus D Aulonochares tubulus E Helochares sp. F Helochares tristis G Novochares sp. H Helopeltarium ferrugineum I Batochares sp. J Helobata larvalis K Radicitus sp. L Nanosaphes tricolor M Agraphydrus cf. attenuatus N Tobochares luteomargo O Tobochares sulcatus P Quadriops similaris Q Crucisternum ouboteri R Primocerus neutrum S Agraphydrus coomani T Agraphydrus sp. U Globulosis flavus V Crephelochares nitescens." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1045.63810.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/557400" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figs 1Q</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Phylogeny of the Acidocerinae simplified from Short et al. (2021), indicating the distribution, preferred habitat, and currently described number of species for each genus. For habitat, filled black circles indicate that at least some species of the genus are commonly found in this habitat; light grey circles indicate the genus has been found in this habitat, but is rare or not typical for the group; white circles indicate no species have been recorded for the genus in this habitat." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1045.63810.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/557401" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 2</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Known distribution of genera of Acidocerinae: Crucisternum, Ephydrolithus, Globulosis, Helobata, Helochares, Helopeltarium, Katasophistes, and Nanosaphes." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1045.63810.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/557404" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 5</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figure 14. Scanning electron micrographs of thorax in ventral view A, B prosternum: A Tobochares striatus with white arrow pointing to anterior projection B Quadriops reticulatus with white arrow pointing to anterior projection C-G mesoventrite and metaventrite: C Crucisternum ouboteri with white arrows pointing to anteriorly pointed transverse ridge and longitudinal carina of mesoventrite, metaventrite with median glabrous patch D Nanosaphes tricolor with black arrow pointing to longitudinal carina along mesoventrite and white arrows pointing to median and postero-lateral glabrous patches of metaventrite E Quadriops reticulatus with black arrow pointing to transverse carina across mesoventrite and metaventrite uniformly pubescent F Tobochares communis with black arrow pointing to longitudinal carina along mesoventrite and white arrow pointing to narrow postero-medial glabrous patch on metaventrite G Tobochares kasikasima with black arrow pointing to transverse elevation across mesoventrite and white arrow pointing to broad postero-medial glabrous patch on metaventrite. Scale bars: 100 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1045.63810.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/557413" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 14C</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 29" captionStartId="F29" captionText="Figure 29. Habitus of Crucisternum ouboteri A dorsal habitus B lateral habitus C ventral habitus. Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1045.63810.figure29" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/557428" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 29</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 30" captionStartId="F30" captionText="Figure 30. Aedeagi of Crucisternum, Ephydrolithus, and Globulosis spp. A C. ouboteri B C. toboganensis C C. sinuatus D C. vanessae E C. queneyi F E. teli G E. spiculatus H E. ogmos I E. minor J G. flavus. Scale bars: 0.25 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1045.63810.figure30" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/557429" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 30A-E</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Giron &amp; Short" authorityYear="2018" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Crucisternum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Crucisternum" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Crucisternum</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Girón">Giron</normalizedToken>
&amp; Short, 2018: 116.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="gender">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Gender.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Masculine.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="type species">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Type species.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Giron &amp; Short" authorityYear="2018" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Crucisternum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Crucisternum ouboteri" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ouboteri">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Crucisternum ouboteri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Girón">Giron</normalizedToken>
&amp; Short, 2018: 121; by original designation.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Small beetles, body length 2.0-2.5 mm. Body shape elongated oval in dorsal view; moderately convex in lateral view (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 29" captionStartId="F29" captionText="Figure 29. Habitus of Crucisternum ouboteri A dorsal habitus B lateral habitus C ventral habitus. Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1045.63810.figure29" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/557428" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">29</figureCitation>
). Color orange brown to dark brown. Head trapezoid. Eyes moderate to small, projected from outline of head. Clypeus trapezoid, with anterior margin broadly and roundly emarginate. Labrum fully exposed. Mentum with lateral oblique ridges; anterior median depression marked by transverse carina (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 29" captionStartId="F29" captionText="Figure 29. Habitus of Crucisternum ouboteri A dorsal habitus B lateral habitus C ventral habitus. Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1045.63810.figure29" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/557428" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">29C</figureCitation>
). Antennae with nine antennomeres, with cupule only slightly asymmetrical and rounded. Maxillary palps moderately long, slightly longer than width of head (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 29" captionStartId="F29" captionText="Figure 29. Habitus of Crucisternum ouboteri A dorsal habitus B lateral habitus C ventral habitus. Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1045.63810.figure29" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/557428" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">29A</figureCitation>
). Elytra without sutural striae, with outer margins of elytra slightly flared; serial punctures, ground punctures and systematic punctures similar in size and degree of impression, either shallow or rather sharply marked; all punctures seemingly arranged in rows (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 29" captionStartId="F29" captionText="Figure 29. Habitus of Crucisternum ouboteri A dorsal habitus B lateral habitus C ventral habitus. Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1045.63810.figure29" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/557428" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">29A</figureCitation>
). Prosternum with well-developed median, longitudinal, laminar carina (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 29" captionStartId="F29" captionText="Figure 29. Habitus of Crucisternum ouboteri A dorsal habitus B lateral habitus C ventral habitus. Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1045.63810.figure29" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/557428" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">29C</figureCitation>
). Posterior elevation of mesoventrite with a strongly produced, anteriorly pointed transverse ridge, longitudinally carinate (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figure 14. Scanning electron micrographs of thorax in ventral view A, B prosternum: A Tobochares striatus with white arrow pointing to anterior projection B Quadriops reticulatus with white arrow pointing to anterior projection C-G mesoventrite and metaventrite: C Crucisternum ouboteri with white arrows pointing to anteriorly pointed transverse ridge and longitudinal carina of mesoventrite, metaventrite with median glabrous patch D Nanosaphes tricolor with black arrow pointing to longitudinal carina along mesoventrite and white arrows pointing to median and postero-lateral glabrous patches of metaventrite E Quadriops reticulatus with black arrow pointing to transverse carina across mesoventrite and metaventrite uniformly pubescent F Tobochares communis with black arrow pointing to longitudinal carina along mesoventrite and white arrow pointing to narrow postero-medial glabrous patch on metaventrite G Tobochares kasikasima with black arrow pointing to transverse elevation across mesoventrite and white arrow pointing to broad postero-medial glabrous patch on metaventrite. Scale bars: 100 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1045.63810.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/557413" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">14C</figureCitation>
); anapleural sutures sinuate, separated by distance nearly 0.6
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
width of anterior margin of mesepisternum. Metaventrite densely pubescent, except for median and postero-lateral glabrous patches (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 29" captionStartId="F29" captionText="Figure 29. Habitus of Crucisternum ouboteri A dorsal habitus B lateral habitus C ventral habitus. Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1045.63810.figure29" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/557428" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">29C</figureCitation>
). Protibiae with spines of anterior row long and thick; apical spurs of protibiae short and stout, almost reaching apex of protarsomere 2. Metafemora covered by hydrofuge pubescence along basal 4/5 (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 29" captionStartId="F29" captionText="Figure 29. Habitus of Crucisternum ouboteri A dorsal habitus B lateral habitus C ventral habitus. Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1045.63810.figure29" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/557428" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">29C</figureCitation>
). Metatarsomeres 2-4 gradually slightly decreasing in size; metatarsomere 5 slightly longer than 2; ventral coverage of tarsomeres composed of fine and spiniform setae. Fifth abdominal ventrite apically rounded, truncate, or slightly emarginate, without stout setae. Aedeagus trilobate (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 30" captionStartId="F30" captionText="Figure 30. Aedeagi of Crucisternum, Ephydrolithus, and Globulosis spp. A C. ouboteri B C. toboganensis C C. sinuatus D C. vanessae E C. queneyi F E. teli G E. spiculatus H E. ogmos I E. minor J G. flavus. Scale bars: 0.25 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1045.63810.figure30" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/557429" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">30A-E</figureCitation>
); basal piece 0.2-0.25
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
the length of parameres; median lobe with well-developed lateral basal apodemes, and acute to narrowly rounded apex; parameres nearly as long as median lobe, with outer margins usually sinuate; gonopore situated distad of midlength of median lobe.
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1045.63810.figure29" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/557428" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 29" startId="F29">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 29.</emphasis>
Habitus of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Giron &amp; Short" authorityYear="2018" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Crucisternum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Crucisternum ouboteri" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ouboteri">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Crucisternum ouboteri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
dorsal habitus
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
lateral habitus
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
ventral habitus. Scale bar: 1 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1045.63810.figure30" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/557429" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 30" startId="F30">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 30.</emphasis>
Aedeagi of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Giron &amp; Short" authorityYear="2018" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Crucisternum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Crucisternum" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Crucisternum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName authorityName="Giron &amp; Short" authorityYear="2019" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Ephydrolithus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ephydrolithus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ephydrolithus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName authorityName="Garcia" authorityYear="2001" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Globulosis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Globulosis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Globulosis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
spp.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. ouboteri" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="ouboteri">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. ouboteri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. toboganensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="toboganensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. toboganensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. sinuatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="sinuatus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. sinuatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. vanessae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="vanessae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. vanessae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E</emphasis>
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. queneyi" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="queneyi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. queneyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F</emphasis>
<taxonomicName lsidName="E. teli" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="teli">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E. teli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G</emphasis>
<taxonomicName lsidName="E. spiculatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="spiculatus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E. spiculatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H</emphasis>
<taxonomicName lsidName="E. ogmos" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="ogmos">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E. ogmos</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">I</emphasis>
<taxonomicName lsidName="E. minor" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="minor">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E. minor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">J</emphasis>
<taxonomicName lsidName="G. flavus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="flavus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G. flavus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Scale bars: 0.25 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="differential diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Differential diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Although
<taxonomicName authorityName="Giron &amp; Short" authorityYear="2018" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Crucisternum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Crucisternum" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Crucisternum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is generally unremarkable dorsally from other small-bodied Neotropical acidocerines, several sternal features are strikingly unique and easily separate the genus from all others. The strongly developed prosternal carina found in the genus, combined with the cruciform shape of the posterior elevation of the mesoventrite (formed by the fusion of both transverse and longitudinal ridges), is unique for this genus in the subfamily.
<taxonomicName authorityName="Giron &amp; Short" authorityYear="2018" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Crucisternum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Crucisternum" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Crucisternum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is most likely to be confused in samples as a very small
<taxonomicName authorityName="Sharp" authorityYear="1882" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Chasmogenus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chasmogenus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Chasmogenus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but can also easily be distinguished from that genus by the lack of sutural striae.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Neotropical</emphasis>
: Brazil (Minas Gerais,
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pará">Para</normalizedToken>
), French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname, Venezuela; Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Known distribution of genera of Acidocerinae: Crucisternum, Ephydrolithus, Globulosis, Helobata, Helochares, Helopeltarium, Katasophistes, and Nanosaphes." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1045.63810.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/557404" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">5</figureCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="natural history">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Natural history.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
All species of the genus are associated with forested streams, usually along margins that contain ample detritus. A single specimen of
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. ouboteri" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="ouboteri">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. ouboteri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was collected at a black light trap.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="larvae">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Larvae.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Immature stages are not known for the genus.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="taxonomic history">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Taxonomic history.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">The genus was only recently described.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="remarks">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">There are seven species currently known.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="species examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Species examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Holotypes and paratypes of all the known species were examined for this study.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="selected references">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Selected references.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.768.24423" author="Giron, JC" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="113 - 158" refId="B131" refString="Giron, JC, Short, AEZ, 2018. Three new genera of acidocerine water scavenger beetles from tropical South America (Coleoptera, Hydrophilidae, Acidocerinae). ZooKeys 768: 113 - 158, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.768.24423" title="Three new genera of acidocerine water scavenger beetles from tropical South America (Coleoptera, Hydrophilidae, Acidocerinae)." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.768.24423" volume="768" year="2018">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Girón">Giron</normalizedToken>
and Short 2018
</bibRefCitation>
: original description of the genus and all its known species;
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/syen.12467" author="Short, AEZ" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Entomology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="380 - 395" refId="B274" refString="Short, AEZ, Giron, JC, Toussaint, EFA, 2021. Evolution and biogeography of acidocerine water scavenger beetles (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae) shaped by Gondwanan vicariance and Cenozoic isolation of South America. Systematic Entomology 46 (2): 380 - 395, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/syen.12467" title="Evolution and biogeography of acidocerine water scavenger beetles (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae) shaped by Gondwanan vicariance and Cenozoic isolation of South America." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/syen.12467" volume="46" year="2021">Short et al. 2021</bibRefCitation>
: phylogenetic placement.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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