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<figureCitation id="E2C02A3D8651173AFD19F38BAC78F972" box="[759,828,1698,1724]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="16.[189,232,1822,1848]" captionTargetBox="[277,1311,265,1784]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[260,1328,248,1801]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig. 6. Teratonotum stauromatum (Child, 1982) gen. et comb. nov. (MNHN-IU-2013-17964). A. Dorsal view. B. Propodus of third leg. C. Dorsal view of body. D. Ventral view of body. Abbreviations: ab = abdomen; ac = auxiliary claw; ch = chelifore; ct = chelifore tubercle on the anterior tip of the first scape; dt = dorsal tubercle; mc = main claw; ot = ocular tubercle; ov = oviger; pa = palp; pb = bulbous tubercle bearing the palp;pp = propodus; pr = proboscis; s =strigilis; t = tarsus.Scale bars:A = 0.5 mm; B = 0.1 mm; CD = 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3824691" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3824691/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
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species
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<emphasis id="488FEAAA8651173AFF53F23BAE93F8E2" box="[189,471,1810,1836]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Ammothella stauromata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="1E6A4B498651173AFE30F23BADE0F8E2" author="Child" box="[478,676,1810,1836]" firstAuthor="Child" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="270 - 281" refId="ref10657" refString="Child C. A. 1982. Pycnogonida from the Western Pacific Islands, I. The Marshall Islands. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 95 (2): 270 - 281." type="journal article" year="1982">Child, 1982: 270</bibRefCitation>
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(in list), 271273, fig. 1.
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<emphasis id="488FEAAA8651173AFF53F27DAE9DF8A3" box="[189,473,1876,1902]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Ammothella stauromata</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="FB5A10A98651173AFE16F27DAC7EF8A0" author="Arango C. P." box="[504,826,1876,1902]" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F10B8791FF9FFFBB2662142FF6BE796E" page="2730" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" year="2003">
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Arango 2003a:
<date id="0E4510788651173AFD5CF27DAC7EF8A0" box="[690,826,1876,1902]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" value="2730" valueMax="2731">27302731</date>
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. —
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<bibRefCitation id="1E6A4B498651173AFC83F27DAB0AF8A0" author="Bamber" box="[877,1102,1876,1902]" firstAuthor="Bamber" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="1 - 27" refId="ref10241" refString="Bamber R. N. 2004. Pycnogonids (Arthropoda: Pycnogonida) from French cruises to Melanesia. Zootaxa 551: 1 - 27." type="journal article" year="2004">Bamber 2004: 23</bibRefCitation>
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, 21 (in tab.);
<treatmentCitation id="FB5A10A98651173AFB1FF27DAA32F8A0" box="[1265,1398,1875,1902]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<bibRefCitation id="1E6A4B498651173AFB1FF27DAA32F8A0" author="Bamber R. N." box="[1265,1398,1875,1902]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="255 - 257" refId="ref10267" refString="Bamber R. N. 2007 a. Pycnogonida of New Caledonia. In: Payri C. E. &amp; Richer de Forges B. (eds) Compendium of Marine Species of New Caledonia: 255 - 257. Documents Scientifiques et Techniques, deuxieme edition, IRD Noumea 117." type="journal article" year="2007">2007a: 256</bibRefCitation>
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(in list). —
<treatmentCitation id="FB5A10A98651173AFEA9F25EAD43F85F" author="Child C. A." box="[327,519,1911,1937]" page="180" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" year="1987">
<bibRefCitation id="1E6A4B498651173AFEA9F25EAD43F85F" author="Child" box="[327,519,1911,1937]" firstAuthor="Child" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="179 - 180" refId="ref10693" refString="Child C. A. 1987. Chapter 16. Pycnogonida of Enewetak Atoll. In: Devaney D. M., Reese E. S., Burch B. L. &amp; Helfrich P. (eds) The Natural History of Enewetak Atoll 2: 179 - 180. Hawaii, United States Department of Energy, Office of Energy Research, Office of Health and Environmental Research, Ecological Research Division." type="journal article" year="1987">Child 1987: 180</bibRefCitation>
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(in list); 1988: III (in list), 57, 3031 (in list);
<treatmentCitation id="FB5A10A98651173AFBD5F25EABF6F85F" box="[1083,1202,1911,1937]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<bibRefCitation id="1E6A4B498651173AFBD5F25EABF6F85F" author="Child C. A." box="[1083,1202,1911,1937]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="311 - 335" refId="ref10819" refString="Child C. A. 1990. Pycnogonida of the Western Pacific Islands, VIII: Recent collections from islands of the Great Barrier Reef, Australia. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 103 (2): 311 - 335." type="journal article" year="1990">1990: 316</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(in description);
<treatmentCitation id="FB5A10A98651173AFF53F2B3AE78F87B" box="[189,316,1946,1973]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<bibRefCitation id="1E6A4B498651173AFF53F2B3AE7CF87B" author="Child C. A." box="[189,312,1946,1973]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="311 - 335" refId="ref10819" refString="Child C. A. 1990. Pycnogonida of the Western Pacific Islands, VIII: Recent collections from islands of the Great Barrier Reef, Australia. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 103 (2): 311 - 335." type="journal article" year="1996">1996: 544</bibRefCitation>
;
</treatmentCitation>
<treatmentCitation id="FB5A10A98651173AFEAAF2B3AEF9F87A" box="[324,445,1946,1972]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<bibRefCitation id="1E6A4B498651173AFEAAF2B3AEF9F87A" box="[324,445,1946,1972]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" year="1998">1998: 290</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
291. —
<treatmentCitation id="FB5A10A98651173AFDC4F2B3ADB8F87B" author="Muller H. - G." box="[554,764,1946,1973]" page="125" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" year="1989">
<bibRefCitation id="1E6A4B498651173AFDC4F2B3ADB8F87B" author="Muller" box="[554,764,1946,1973]" firstAuthor="Muller" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="123 - 139" refId="ref11672" refString="Muller H. - G. 1989. Shallow-water Pycnogonida from coral reefs at Moorea, Society Islands, with description of Rhynchothorax tiahurensis n. sp. Bonner Zoologische Beitrage 40 (2): 123 - 139." type="journal article" year="1989">Müller 1989: 125</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="FB5A10A98651173AFCE7F2B3ACC6F87A" author="Muller H. - G." box="[777,898,1946,1972]" page="66" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" year="1990">
<bibRefCitation id="1E6A4B498651173AFCE7F2B3ACC6F87A" author="Muller" box="[777,898,1946,1972]" firstAuthor="Muller" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="63 - 79" refId="ref11712" refString="Muller H. - G. 1990 a. Shallow-water Pycnogonida from Kenya and Sri Lanka, with descriptions of three new species. Bonner Zoologische Beitrage 41 (1): 63 - 79." type="journal article" year="1990" yearSuffix="a">1990a: 66</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="FB5A10A98651173AFC61F2B3AB53F87A" author="Muller H. - G." box="[911,1047,1946,1972]" page="106" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" year="1990">
<bibRefCitation id="1E6A4B498651173AFC61F2B3AB53F87A" author="Muller" box="[911,1047,1946,1972]" firstAuthor="Muller" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="103 - 110" refId="ref11748" refString="Muller H. - G. 1990 b. On some Indo-West-Pacific Pycnogonida from the Zoologisk Museum, Copenhagen. Zoologische Abhandlungen, Staatliches Museum fur Tierkunde Dresden 45 (10): 103 - 110." type="journal article" year="1990" yearSuffix="b">1990b: 106</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
. —
<treatmentCitation id="FB5A10A98651173AFBA7F2B3AE63F819" author="Nakamura K. &amp; Child A. C." page="809" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" year="1988">
<bibRefCitation id="1E6A4B498651173AFBA7F2B3AE63F819" author="Nakamura &amp; Child" firstAuthor="Nakamura" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="809 - 816" refId="ref11883" refString="Nakamura K. &amp; Child A. C. 1988. Pycnogonida of the western Pacific Islands. V. A collection by the Kakuyo Maru from Samoa. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 101 (4): 809 - 816. https: // dx. doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00810282.512" type="journal article" year="1988">Nakamura &amp; Child 1988: 809810</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
. —
<treatmentCitation id="FB5A10A98651173AFEB9F294AD48F819" author="Stock J. H." box="[343,524,1981,2007]" page="29" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" year="1994">
<bibRefCitation id="1E6A4B498651173AFEB9F294AD48F819" author="Stock" box="[343,524,1981,2007]" firstAuthor="Stock" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="17 - 77" refId="ref12779" refString="Stock J. H. 1994. Indo-west Pacific Pycnogonida collected by some major oceanographic expeditions. Beaufortia 44 (3): 17 - 77." type="journal article" year="1994">Stock 1994: 29</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="2E846630864E1725FF53F237AE31F827" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3824691" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3824691" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3824691/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" startId="16.[189,232,1822,1848]" targetBox="[277,1311,265,1784]" targetPageId="16">
<paragraph id="7A4436B8864E1725FF53F237AE31F827" blockId="16.[189,1399,1822,2025]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<emphasis id="488FEAAA864E1725FF53F237AE4DF8F7" bold="true" box="[189,265,1822,1849]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 6.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="BDFB4D3B864E1725FEFEF209ADADF8F7" authority="(Child, 1982)" authorityName="Sabroux &amp; Corbari &amp; Krapp &amp; Bonillo &amp; Prieur &amp; Umr &amp; Cnrs" authorityYear="2017" baseAuthorityName="Child" baseAuthorityYear="1982" box="[272,745,1823,1849]" class="Pycnogonida" family="Ammotheidae" genus="Teratonotum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pantopoda" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stauromatum" status="gen. et comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="488FEAAA864E1725FEFEF209AD01F8F7" box="[272,581,1824,1849]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Teratonotum stauromatum</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="1E6A4B49864E1725FDBAF236ADA4F8F7" author="Child" box="[596,736,1823,1849]" firstAuthor="Child" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="270 - 281" refId="ref10657" refString="Child C. A. 1982. Pycnogonida from the Western Pacific Islands, I. The Marshall Islands. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 95 (2): 270 - 281." type="journal article" year="1982">Child, 1982</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="53BC57D1864E1725FD01F236AC80F8F7" box="[751,964,1823,1849]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rank="species">gen. et comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(MNHN-IU-2013-17964).
<emphasis id="488FEAAA864E1725FAEBF237AA5EF8F6" bold="true" box="[1285,1306,1822,1848]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">A</emphasis>
. Dorsal view.
<emphasis id="488FEAAA864E1725FEEAF26BAE5CF892" bold="true" box="[260,280,1858,1884]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">B</emphasis>
. Propodus of third leg.
<emphasis id="488FEAAA864E1725FDDBF26BAD0EF892" bold="true" box="[565,586,1858,1884]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">C</emphasis>
. Dorsal view of body.
<emphasis id="488FEAAA864E1725FCB2F26BAC35F892" bold="true" box="[860,881,1858,1884]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">D</emphasis>
. Ventral view of body. Abbreviations:
<emphasis id="488FEAAA864E1725FAAEF26BAA19F892" box="[1344,1373,1858,1884]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">ab</emphasis>
= abdomen;
<emphasis id="488FEAAA864E1725FED9F24FAE17F8B1" box="[311,339,1894,1919]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">ac</emphasis>
= auxiliary claw;
<emphasis id="488FEAAA864E1725FDCBF24CAD05F8B1" box="[549,577,1893,1919]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">ch</emphasis>
= chelifore;
<emphasis id="488FEAAA864E1725FD3BF24FADAEF8B1" box="[725,746,1894,1919]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">ct</emphasis>
= chelifore tubercle on the anterior tip of the first scape;
<emphasis id="488FEAAA864E1725FF53F2A1AF90F86C" box="[189,212,1928,1954]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">dt</emphasis>
= dorsal tubercle;
<emphasis id="488FEAAA864E1725FE40F2A0AE94F86C" box="[430,464,1929,1954]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">mc</emphasis>
= main claw;
<emphasis id="488FEAAA864E1725FD98F2A0ADC9F86C" box="[630,653,1929,1954]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">ot</emphasis>
= ocular tubercle;
<emphasis id="488FEAAA864E1725FC86F2A0ACC0F86C" box="[872,900,1929,1954]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">ov</emphasis>
= oviger;
<emphasis id="488FEAAA864E1725FC12F2A0AB5DF86C" box="[1020,1049,1929,1954]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">pa</emphasis>
= palp;
<emphasis id="488FEAAA864E1725FB97F2A1ABD2F86C" box="[1145,1174,1928,1954]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">pb</emphasis>
= bulbous tubercle bearing the palp;
<emphasis id="488FEAAA864E1725FE6EF285AED9F80B" box="[384,413,1964,1989]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">pp</emphasis>
= propodus;
<emphasis id="488FEAAA864E1725FDDFF285AD0FF80B" box="[561,587,1964,1989]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">pr</emphasis>
= proboscis;
<emphasis id="488FEAAA864E1725FD0FF285ADA8F80B" box="[737,748,1964,1989]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">s</emphasis>
=strigilis;
<emphasis id="488FEAAA864E1725FC84F285AC36F80B" box="[874,882,1964,1989]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">t</emphasis>
= tarsus.Scale bars:A = 0.5 mm; B = 0.1 mm; CD = 0.2 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="32E16533864F1724FF53F422AB72FDCA" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="7A4436B8864F1724FF53F422AE72FEEB" blockId="17.[189,310,267,293]" box="[189,310,267,293]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<heading id="210C81D4864F1724FF53F422AE72FEEB" bold="true" box="[189,310,267,293]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" reason="3">
<emphasis id="488FEAAA864F1724FF53F422AE72FEEB" bold="true" box="[189,310,267,293]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Diagnosis</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7A4436B8864F1724FF53F410AB72FDCA" blockId="17.[189,1399,313,516]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Trunk slender, totally segmented; ocular tubercle present, with three long, slender dorso-median tubercles; abdomen long, straight, almost vertical; scapes bi-articled, more proximal article with dorsodistal slender tubercle, chelae atrophied in adult; palps 9-articulated, originating from bulbous tubercles (with slender tubercle) placed anterolaterally on cephalic segment; oviger 10-articulated, originating ventral to first lateral processes, strigilis with denticulate spines; third leg with a single cement tube at anterior tip in males, tarsus short, propodus curved, auxiliary claws present.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="32E16533864F1724FF53F70AAEA9FD41" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="7A4436B8864F1724FF53F70AAE00FDF3" blockId="17.[189,324,547,573]" box="[189,324,547,573]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<heading id="210C81D4864F1724FF53F70AAE00FDF3" bold="true" box="[189,324,547,573]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" reason="3">
<emphasis id="488FEAAA864F1724FF53F70AAE00FDF3" bold="true" box="[189,324,547,573]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Etymology</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7A4436B8864F1724FF53F779AEA9FD41" blockId="17.[189,1398,592,655]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
τέρας (
<emphasis id="488FEAAA864F1724FEFBF77BAE14FDA2" box="[277,336,594,620]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">téras</emphasis>
): monster, and νῶτον (
<emphasis id="488FEAAA864F1724FD99F77AADFEFDA2" box="[631,698,595,620]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">nōton</emphasis>
): back (ancient Greek); referring to its remarkable back tubercles. Gender neutral.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="32E16533864F1724FF53F79FAE82FA0E" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="7A4436B8864F1724FF53F79FAD0CFD1E" blockId="17.[189,584,694,720]" box="[189,584,694,720]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<heading id="210C81D4864F1724FF53F79FAD0CFD1E" bold="true" box="[189,584,694,720]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" reason="3">
<emphasis id="488FEAAA864F1724FF53F79FAD0CFD1E" bold="true" box="[189,584,694,720]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">An underestimated biodiversity</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7A4436B8864F1724FF53F7CCAE82FA0E" blockId="17.[189,1399,741,1472]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
The CO1 data generated in this study on specimens collected during the recent MNHN expeditions indicate that the diversity of
<taxonomicName id="BDFB4D3B864F1724FDF4F621AD84FCEC" authorityName="Dohrn" authorityYear="1881" box="[538,704,776,802]" class="Pycnogonida" family="Ammotheidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pantopoda" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Ammotheidae</taxonomicName>
was poorly represented in the nucleotide databases, such as GenBank and BOLD (
<bibRefCitation id="1E6A4B49864F1724FE02F602AC15FC8B" author="Ratnasingham &amp; Hebert" box="[492,849,811,837]" firstAuthor="Ratnasingham" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="355 - 364" refId="ref12119" refString="Ratnasingham S. &amp; Hebert P. D. 2007. BOLD: The Barcode of Life Data System. Molecular Ecology Notes 7 (3): 355 - 364. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1471 - 8286.2007.01678. x" type="journal article" year="2007">Ratnasingham &amp; Hebert 2007</bibRefCitation>
). Indeed, all our new CO1 sequences show at least 7% of nucleotide divergence with the ca 430 pycnogonid sequences available in GenBank, and even up to 11% if the genus
<taxonomicName id="BDFB4D3B864F1724FDE3F65BADC8FC42" authorityName="Fry &amp; Hedgpeth" authorityYear="1969" box="[525,652,882,908]" class="Pycnogonida" family="Ammotheidae" genus="Sericosura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pantopoda" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="488FEAAA864F1724FDE3F65BADC8FC42" box="[525,652,882,908]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Sericosura</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is excluded from the comparisons. This means that none of the ammotheids analysed here can be identified at the species level using molecular barcoding. Actually, this result is not surprising if we consider that most of the pycnogonids previously registered in the GenBank and BOLD databases were collected along the coastlines of temperate South America (
<collectingCountry id="02EC7628864F1724FADBF6F2AA32FC3B" box="[1333,1398,987,1013]" name="Chile" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Chile</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="02EC7628864F1724FF01F6D7AE22FBD7" box="[239,358,1022,1049]" name="Argentina" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Argentina</collectingCountry>
) and
<collectingCountry id="02EC7628864F1724FE44F6D7AD60FBD6" box="[426,548,1022,1048]" name="Antarctica" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Antarctica</collectingCountry>
(
<figureCitation id="E2C02A3D864F1724FDD9F6D7AD39FBD7" box="[567,637,1022,1049]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[189,232,1830,1856]" captionTargetBox="[187,1402,788,1798]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[174,1422,785,1803]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 1. Barcode richness in GenBank before and after this study. AB. Number of CO1 haplotypes before (A) and after (B) this study as a function of the origins of the specimens sequenced. C. Number of species (grey) and genera (black) represented by a CO1 sequence found in GenBank databases before (left) and after (right) this study, classified by ecoregions. Littoral ecoregions defined according to Spalding et al. (2007) and abyssal ecoregions following a simplification of Bachraty et al. (2009)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3824680" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3824680/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
), whereas our specimens come from widely spread geographic areas, i.e., French Guiana, Guadeloupe,
<collectingCountry id="02EC7628864F1724FD73F10BAC69FBF2" box="[669,813,1058,1084]" name="Madagascar" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
, Marquesas Islands,
<collectingCountry id="02EC7628864F1724FBC8F10BABA5FBF2" box="[1062,1249,1058,1084]" name="New Caledonia" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="02EC7628864F1724FB00F10BAE51FB91" name="Papua New Guinea" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Papua New Guinea</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="02EC7628864F1724FEF1F16FAEC6FBAE" box="[287,386,1094,1120]" name="Vanuatu" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Vanuatu</collectingCountry>
, and Atlantic and Pacific vents (
<figureCitation id="E2C02A3D864F1724FD19F16CAC7AFB91" box="[759,830,1093,1119]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[189,232,1735,1761]" captionTargetBox="[186,1399,1095,1699]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[185,1402,1092,1707]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 2. Regional distribution of the studied specimens. Green diamonds indicate locations where specimens were collected at shallow depths (&lt;100 m), blue circles those from deep-sea samplings; the combinations of both symbols indicates mixed samplings (below and above 100 m depth). 1: Futuna; 2: Marquesas Islands; 3: Guadeloupe; 4: French Guiana; 5: Mid-Atlantic Ridge, Snake Pit site; 6: Mid- Atlantic Ridge, Logatchev site; 7: Mid-Atlantic Ridge, Lucky Strike site; 8: Mozambique Channel; 9: South Madagascar; 10: Antarctica, Terre Adélie; 11: Papua New Guinea; 12: New Caledonia and Vanuatu." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3824682" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3824682/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
). Besides, another issue for molecular taxonomy is the fact that most of the barcode sequences deposited in BOLD were not identified to the family level (958 of 1315, 72.85%). Beyond a problem of molecular taxonomy, ammotheids, and more generally pycnogonids, suffer from a lack of knowledge. For instance, our specimens collected along the coastlines of southern
<collectingCountry id="02EC7628864F1724FEA2F1FBAE9EFB22" box="[332,474,1234,1260]" name="Madagascar" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
show a far more rich diversity than previously recorded in the literature: five different species of
<taxonomicName id="BDFB4D3B864F1724FE41F1DCAD4DFAC1" authorityName="Hodge" authorityYear="1864" box="[431,521,1269,1295]" class="Pycnogonida" family="Ammotheidae" genus="Achelia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pantopoda" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="488FEAAA864F1724FE41F1DCAD4DFAC1" box="[431,521,1269,1295]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Achelia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were identified, whereas only two species were previously known from
<collectingCountry id="02EC7628864F1724FF53F031AE0BFAFC" box="[189,335,1304,1330]" name="Madagascar" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
; none of the species of
<taxonomicName id="BDFB4D3B864F1724FD9DF031AC45FAFC" authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1900" box="[627,769,1304,1330]" class="Pycnogonida" family="Ammotheidae" genus="Ammothella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pantopoda" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="488FEAAA864F1724FD9DF031AC45FAFC" box="[627,769,1304,1330]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Ammothella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="BDFB4D3B864F1724FCAEF031ACD4FAFC" authorityName="Philippi" authorityYear="1843" box="[832,912,1304,1330]" class="Pycnogonida" family="Endeidae" genus="Endeis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pantopoda" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="488FEAAA864F1724FCAEF031ACD4FAFC" box="[832,912,1304,1330]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Endeis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
studied here were known in the region; and a new species of
<taxonomicName id="BDFB4D3B864F1724FE57F012AD74FA9B" authorityName="Arnaud" authorityYear="1971" box="[441,560,1339,1365]" class="Pycnogonida" family="Ammotheidae" genus="Acheliana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pantopoda" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="488FEAAA864F1724FE57F012AD74FA9B" box="[441,560,1339,1365]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Acheliana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was found (
<bibRefCitation id="1E6A4B49864F1724FD2CF012AC2AFA9B" author="Arnaud" box="[706,878,1339,1365]" firstAuthor="Arnaud" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="199 - 204" refId="ref10019" refString="Arnaud F. 1971 a. Acheliana tropicalis n. gen., n. sp., pycnogonide des recifs coralliens du sud-ouest de Madagascar. Beaufortia 18 (241): 199 - 204." type="journal article" year="1971" yearSuffix="a">Arnaud 1971a</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="1E6A4B49864F1724FC94F012AC82FA9B" author="Arnaud" box="[890,966,1339,1365]" firstAuthor="Arnaud" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="161 - 64" refId="ref10056" refString="Arnaud F. 1971 b. Pycnogonides des recifs coralliens de Madagascar. 2. Redescription de Pycnogonum madagascariensis Bouvier, 1911. Tethys 1: 161 - 64." type="journal article" year="1971" yearSuffix="b">1971b</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="1E6A4B49864F1724FC3DF012AB54FA9B" author="Arnaud" box="[979,1040,1339,1365]" firstAuthor="Arnaud" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="157 - 64" refId="ref10086" refString="Arnaud F. 1972. Pycnogonides des recifs coralliens de Madagascar. 3. Famille des Callipallenidae. Tethys 3: 157 - 64." type="journal article" year="1972">1972</bibRefCitation>
,
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;
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). In a more general way, it seems that the large collection of sea spiders assembled during the MNHN expeditions represents an important input to our knowledge of this group and promises the description of numerous new species (in prep.).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>