treatments-xml/data/35/C7/F0/35C7F0ED937450E2B56DE60A216AAB49.xml

<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.87.65563" ID-GBIF-Dataset="3053a769-23d9-4bdd-a263-2a906fa71fa0" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2607-87-5" ID-Pensoft-UUID="28A860579B6F5F42B8835BFDFA9C71DB" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5811327" ID-ZooBank="AC960296269742468E20BB61AA1AADBF" ModsDocID="1314-2607-87-5" checkinTime="1640348344306" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Awad, Jessica, Bremer, Jonathan S., Butterill, Philip T., Moore, Matthew R. &amp; Talamas, Elijah J." docDate="2021" docId="35C7F0ED937450E2B56DE60A216AAB49" docLanguage="en" docName="JourHymenoptRes 87: 5-65" docOrigin="Journal of Hymenoptera Research 87" docPubDate="2021-12-23" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.87.65563" docTitle="Synopeas valavala Awad 2021, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="EFE1EECC-26D4-4839-977E-35004769C41A" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="4" id="28A860579B6F5F42B8835BFDFA9C71DB" lastPageNumber="5" masterDocId="28A860579B6F5F42B8835BFDFA9C71DB" masterDocTitle="A taxonomic treatment of Synopeas Foerster (Platygastridae, Platygastrinae) from the island of New Guinea" masterLastPageNumber="65" masterPageNumber="5" pageNumber="5" updateTime="1678757023542" updateUser="pensoft">
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<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>A taxonomic treatment of Synopeas Foerster (Platygastridae, Platygastrinae) from the island of New Guinea</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Awad, Jessica</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6441-4016</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>State Museum of Natural History Stuttgart. Rosenstein 1, 70191, Stuttgart, Germany</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">jessica.awad@smns-bw.de</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Bremer, Jonathan S.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>FDACS-DPI. 1911 SW 34</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Butterill, Philip T.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5554-6591</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>th &amp; St, Gainesville FL 32608, USA</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Moore, Matthew R.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>FDACS-DPI. 1911 SW 34</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Talamas, Elijah J.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1048-6345</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>FDACS-DPI. 1911 SW 34</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Journal of Hymenoptera Research</mods:title>
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<mods:part>
<mods:date>2021</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2021-12-23</mods:number>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>87</mods:number>
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<mods:start>5</mods:start>
<mods:end>65</mods:end>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.87.65563</mods:url>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.87.65563</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2607-87-5</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="191737835" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:EFE1EECC-26D4-4839-977E-35004769C41A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/35C7F0ED937450E2B56DE60A216AAB49" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="0" pageNumber="5">
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="5" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="5">
<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/EFE1EECC-26D4-4839-977E-35004769C41A" authority="Awad" authorityName="Awad" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Platygastridae" genus="Synopeas" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Synopeas valavala" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="valavala" status="sp. nov.">Synopeas valavala Awad</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="5">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="5" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="5">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="5">Body length 1.3-1.5 mm. Body color: black. Color of legs: coxae brown, otherwise yellow. Color of mesoscutellar spine: concolorous with mesoscutellar disc.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="5">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="5">Head.</emphasis>
Shape of head in anterior view: triangular. Central keel: absent. Sculpture on frons: reticulate microsculpture. Epitorular sculpture: reticulate microsculpture. Number of clypeal setae: 4. Length of median pair of clypeal setae: longer than lateral pair. Arrangement of clypeal setae: evenly spaced. Shape of mandible: bidentate. Distance between lateral ocellus and compound eye (OOL): less than 1 ocellar diameter. Hyperoccipital carina: absent. Hyperoccipital carina strength: unknown. Distance between lateral ocellus and hyperoccipital carina: unknown. Postgenal region: medially impressed.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="5">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="5">Mesosoma.</emphasis>
Epomial carina: present, complete or nearly so. Microsculpture of lateral pronotum: present dorsally, absent ventrally, smooth band anterior to tegula. Lateral pronotal sculpture coverage: 1/2 to 2/3. Mesoscutellar spine: absent or inconspicuous. Posterior margin of lateral propodeal carina in lateral view: rounded. Mesosomal dorsum in lateral view: convex. Notauli: unmarked or faintly suggested. Parapsidal lines: very faint. Setation of mesoscutum: moderately dense. Mesoscutal lamella: short, projecting less than its width beyond margin. Setation of mesoscutellum: laterally dense, medially sparse.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="5">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="5">Metasoma.</emphasis>
Microsculpture of S2: narrow band at posterior margin. Sculpture of T2: uncertain, absent. Length of T2: shorter than mesosoma; approximately as long as mesosoma.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="5">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="5">Wing.</emphasis>
Length of setae on disc of forewing: longer than distance between setal bases. Density of setae on disc of forewing: dense. Arrangement of setae on disc of forewing: uniformly setose distally, proximally glabrous with linea setosa. Forewing marginal setae: setae on posterior margin distinctly longer than setae on anterior margin.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="5" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="5">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="5">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Awad" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Platygastridae" genus="Synopeas" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Synopeas valavala" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="valavala">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="5">Synopeas valavala</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has an exceptionally large, triangular head, unlike any other known species of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Forster" authorityYear="1856" class="Insecta" family="Platygastridae" genus="Synopeas" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Synopeas" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="5">Synopeas</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The malar space is long, about equal to the height of the compound eye, and the mesoscutellar spine is inconspicuous to absent.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="5" type="comments">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="5">Comments.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="5">
A similar head shape is found in 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Buhl" authorityYear="2013" class="Insecta" family="Platygastridae" genus="Inostemma" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Inostemma macarangae" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macarangae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="5">Inostemma macarangae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Buhl, 2013 (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 44" captionStartId="F44" captionText="Figure 44. Inostemma macarangae (male specimen; FSCA 00090262) A lateral habitus B dorsal habitus C anteroventral habitus." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.87.65563.figure44" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/625631" pageId="0" pageNumber="5">44</figureCitation>
), which has also been reared from 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Macaranga" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Macaranga" order="Malpighiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="5" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="5">Macaranga</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
galls, suggesting convergent evolution. There is no central keel, but the angle of the frons may give the impression of a keel when viewed at certain angles.
</paragraph>
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="5811403" doi="10.3897/jhr.87.65563.figure43" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/625630" pageId="0" pageNumber="5" start="Figure 43" startId="F43">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="5">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="5">Figure 43.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Awad" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Platygastridae" genus="Synopeas" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Synopeas valavala" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="valavala">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="5">Synopeas valavala</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="5">A</emphasis>
lateral habitus (female holotype; FSCA 00033890) 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="5">B</emphasis>
dorsal habitus (female paratype; FSCA 00000350) 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="5">C</emphasis>
ventral habitus (female holotype; FSCA 00033890).
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="5" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="5">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="5">
The epithet &quot; 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Awad" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Platygastridae" genus="Synopeas" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Synopeas valavala" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="valavala">Synopeas valavala</taxonomicName>
&quot; is Maenge for &quot; 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Macaranga" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Macaranga" order="Malpighiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="5" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Macaranga</taxonomicName>
&quot; (Ross, 2008) and refers to the identity of the gall host plant. The name is to be treated as a noun in apposition.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="5" type="plant associations">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="5">Plant associations.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="5">
Reared from round, fuzzy galls on 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Macaranga" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Macaranga strigosa" order="Malpighiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="5" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="strigosa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="5">Macaranga strigosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Malpighiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="5" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Euphorbiaceae</taxonomicName>
) [GALL357].
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="5" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="5">Material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="5">
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2012-11-21" collectorName="Philip Butterill" country="Papua New Guinea" latitude="-6.14141" location="Yawan" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="146.87415" specimenCount="♀" stateProvince="Morobe" typeStatus="Holotype">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="5">
<typeStatus>Holotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
: 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="5">
<collectingCountry name="Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
: 
<specimenCount>♀</specimenCount>
, 
<collectingRegion country="Papua New Guinea" name="Morobe">Morobe</collectingRegion>
, 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:35C7F0ED937450E2B56DE60A216AAB49:CF734EDD72A8E797F260F6332EC936EA" country="Papua New Guinea" latitude="-6.14141" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="146.87415" name="Yawan" stateProvince="Morobe">Yawan</location>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="6.14141" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-6.14141">6.14141°S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="146.87415" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="146.87415">146.87415°E</geoCoordinate>
, 
<collectingDate value="2012-11-21">21.XI.2012</collectingDate>
, 
<collectorName>Philip Butterill</collectorName>
leg., 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Macaranga" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Macaranga strigosa" order="Malpighiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="5" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="strigosa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="5">Macaranga strigosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(FSCA 00033890)
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2012-11-21" collectorName="Philip Butterill" country="Papua New Guinea" location="Yawan" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="2" stateProvince="Morobe" typeStatus="Paratypes">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="5">
<typeStatus>Paratypes</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
: 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="5">
<collectingCountry name="Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
: 
<specimenCount type="female">2♀</specimenCount>
, 
<collectingRegion country="Papua New Guinea" name="Morobe">Morobe</collectingRegion>
, 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:35C7F0ED937450E2B56DE60A216AAB49:A23E91EB9E61D373180501D9DBD0F41A" country="Papua New Guinea" name="Yawan" stateProvince="Morobe">Yawan</location>
, 
<collectingDate value="2012-11-21">21.XI.2012</collectingDate>
, 
<collectorName>Philip Butterill</collectorName>
leg., 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Macaranga" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Macaranga strigosa" order="Malpighiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="5" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="strigosa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="5">Macaranga strigosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(FSCA 00000259-00000350)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>