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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.231.100894" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-231-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="0D762CF99C605B04AF072C867EEB1488" ModsDocID="1314-2003-231-1" checkinTime="1693383686345" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Knapp, Sandra, Saerkinen, Tiina &amp; Barboza, Gloria E." docDate="2023" docId="D9CB6E1B1A9D1BDC24D0A9794E1BD327" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 231: 1-342" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 231" docPubDate="2023-08-29" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.231.100894" docTitle="Solanum sarrachoides Sendtn., Fl. Bras. (Martius) 10: 18, tab. 1, figs 1 – 8. 1846." docType="treatment" docVersion="1" id="0D762CF99C605B04AF072C867EEB1488" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="0D762CF99C605B04AF072C867EEB1488" masterDocTitle="A revision of the South American species of the Morelloid clade (Solanum L., Solanaceae)" masterLastPageNumber="342" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1693383686345" updateUser="pensoft">
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<mods:titleInfo id="031B1606FC614269614D0C1868C19D8A">
<mods:title id="DDB9BCD80183240090318F610B415F9A">A revision of the South American species of the Morelloid clade (Solanum L., Solanaceae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="5E3D6E5323742D13DE5706A81C6E3381">Knapp, Sandra</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="1A521C07A022EDB410863791FBA6E927" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7698-3945</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="01700881E5A01254B80316C5B7B6E145">Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, UK</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="C7BCBD8006653199170ABF9237300C4C" type="email">s.knapp@nhm.ac.uk</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="E18CE9628278EFBEDD18956313B3C501">Saerkinen, Tiina</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="517DF7D51F8D27AD575D5EB68B3C681B" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6956-3093</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="399A4E2188C171664176A04D2634F875">Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, 20 A Inverleith Row, Edinburgh EH 3 5 LR, UK</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="60131613627D2505D21B452494D8FFF3">Barboza, Gloria E.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="AD0199607556C1F49AAD3971D52723E7" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1085-036X</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="B94F85CB0E5E970CE3E3B457AAC6DBC5">Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biologia Vegetal (CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Cordoba), Casilla de Correo 495, 5000 Cordoba, Argentina</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:date id="DC2F849D1180436A8E2E04A8F110B146">2023</mods:date>
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<treatment id="D9CB6E1B1A9D1BDC24D0A9794E1BD327" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D9CB6E1B1A9D1BDC24D0A9794E1BD327" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/D9CB6E1B1A9D1BDC24D0A9794E1BD327" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<subSubSection id="78FA5650A48FBA10E2070C305918520E" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="2EE751E5F19D9FBED0D312ABC5F21CAF" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
51.
<taxonomicName id="F0B598B9A2C1398E977BE3726DBE81C4" ID-CoL="4Y45D" ID-ENA="1572683" authority="Sendtn., Fl. Bras. (Martius) 10: 18, tab. 1, figs 1 - 8. 1846." authorityName="Sendtn., Fl. Bras. (Martius) 10: 18, tab. 1, figs 1 – 8. 1846." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum sarrachoides" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sarrachoides">Solanum sarrachoides Sendtn., Fl. Bras. (Martius) 10: 18, tab. 1, figs 1-8. 1846.</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="79F14A74DCED7E5BF36CEB1F1FA6C0FA" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
<paragraph id="60814B3069FA0F6180CB44630FB0CE16" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<figureCitation id="E246CA5890076E0263BC1EA20B94E8F9" captionStart="Figure 155" captionStartId="F155" captionText="Figure 155. Solanum sarrachoides A habit B detail of adaxial leaf surface C detail of abaxial leaf surface D bud E flower F fruiting habit G maturing fruit (A-E Macoun s. n. F, G Ahles 55038). Illustration by R. Wise. Previously published in Saerkinen et al. (2018: 142) and Knapp et al. (2019: 108)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.231.100894.figure155" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/897616" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figs 155</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="FF7A4912A6B9BBE38D1B57B6DFBB8C38" captionStart="Figure 156" captionStartId="F156" captionText="Figure 156. Solanum sarrachoides A habit B inflorescence C flowers at full anthesis D developing fruits (unvouchered). Photos by D. G. Smith, S. Martin de la Vega, and B. W. Wells Association. Previously published in Saerkinen et al. (2018: 143) and Knapp et al. (2019: 109)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.231.100894.figure156" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/897617" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 156</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="F8DF3361B40A69EA8129B5F06538DAC5" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8CC94BB2928E4F46FA2808E5EFBDD0F9" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="820E0BA81325582812FCA73B4E4AD549" authorityName="Bitter" authorityYear="1912" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum sarachidium" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sarachidium">Solanum sarachidium</taxonomicName>
Bitter, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 11: 211. 1912. Type. Paraguay. Gran Chaco: Loma Clavel, Nov 1903,
<emphasis id="6FDF1C38B08834B3DD3DBD1FA83CE1E0" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">T. Rojas 2493</emphasis>
(lectotype, designated by
<bibRefCitation id="2972392A9ADCDB0DB5E6E542D7FAE7B2" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.1986.tb01425.x" author="Edmonds, JM" journalOrPublisher="Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 38" refId="B81" refString="Edmonds, JM, 1986. Biosystematics of Solanum sarrachoides Sendtn. and S. physalifolium Rusby (S. nitidibaccatum Bitter). Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 92 (1): 1 - 38, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.1986.tb01425.x" title="Biosystematics of Solanum sarrachoides Sendtn. and S. physalifolium Rusby (S. nitidibaccatum Bitter)." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.1986.tb01425.x" volume="92" year="1986">Edmonds 1986</bibRefCitation>
, pg. 17: BM [BM000087577]; isolectotype: G [G00306752]).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D30DCD135E0449D79E398EBC3143B013" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="FFD3E29C06B1C12999493D22B8E3992B" authorityName="C.V.Morton" authorityYear="1976" baseAuthorityName="Bitter" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum sarrachoides subsp. var. var. sarachidium" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="sarrachoides" subSpecies="var." variety="sarachidium">Solanum sarrachoides Sendtn. var. sarachidium</taxonomicName>
(Bitter) C.V.Morton, Revis. Argentine Sp. Solanum 122. 1976. Type. Based on
<taxonomicName id="FA5C4F774C0CC3BAEE951A7A4AEBCAE4" authorityName="Bitter" authorityYear="1912" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum sarachidium" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sarachidium">Solanum sarachidium</taxonomicName>
Bitter.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C9620C584B10842220BAEFB15235622C" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="26B06F518AB4B9869E7A972AF6521031" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<typeStatus id="6C7995576C7129801176DB85F0B98A6E">Type</typeStatus>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="021E97BAC7E4AC08EF4F7CB9E1A02B5A" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<materialsCitation id="AEC94E75A306722FA1672937C15AF639" collectingDate="2023-01-01" collectingDateMax="2023-12-31" collectingDateMin="2023-01-01" collectorName="F. Sellow" country="Brazil" location="Brazil" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="lectotype">
<collectingCountry id="F1720FAE095A590C4DCED430AFD41B99" name="Brazil">Brazil</collectingCountry>
. &quot;Brasilia australis&quot;,
<emphasis id="D81D29D4C2FA0439DD416C5BDB5F5647" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<collectorName id="159DF2C2C5EFCBA2B01E810E18D8097B">F. Sellow</collectorName>
s.n.
</emphasis>
(
<typeStatus id="C44797FACE82D44BBE8DD7E1884916A3">lectotype</typeStatus>
, designated by
<bibRefCitation id="62B177D32030CFD9F52305666AD79F21" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.1986.tb01425.x" author="Edmonds, JM" journalOrPublisher="Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 38" refId="B81" refString="Edmonds, JM, 1986. Biosystematics of Solanum sarrachoides Sendtn. and S. physalifolium Rusby (S. nitidibaccatum Bitter). Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 92 (1): 1 - 38, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.1986.tb01425.x" title="Biosystematics of Solanum sarrachoides Sendtn. and S. physalifolium Rusby (S. nitidibaccatum Bitter)." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.1986.tb01425.x" volume="92" year="1986">Edmonds 1986</bibRefCitation>
, pg. 16: P [P00371162])
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="B21A96B1D3A6DD54A7C2AC511F2FBA20" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.231.100894.figure155" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/897616" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 155" startId="F155">
<paragraph id="59EDF3246B24C45ED73C542BB914C122" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="7939F4976FFE00770070458885D4DA24" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 155.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="313305A2504453503702C6CF1304C65C" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum sarrachoides" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sarrachoides">
<emphasis id="4EAF92376C1AEBAFF1AEE093CA1D7149" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum sarrachoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="4846246E748D5567DD0D26CF9B946F50" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
habit
<emphasis id="A226F556A38B792B3EBB9F3DF56FF43C" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
detail of adaxial leaf surface
<emphasis id="82902373A3FE304CEA77D44495340A84" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
detail of abaxial leaf surface
<emphasis id="67D212A97F5A8A3F547479EC62FE6C3E" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
bud
<emphasis id="2FB722DB7854C8657EBDA506EEB00217" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E</emphasis>
flower
<emphasis id="B14BB4F723EDC221D41EBBDFD6A85897" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F</emphasis>
fruiting habit
<emphasis id="CA0E184C344F3FD9BC26347FE2E69E03" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G</emphasis>
maturing fruit (
<emphasis id="FF2F9DB6589341D638736518007649D8" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A-E</emphasis>
<emphasis id="8CA96E730FE92213E8C6CFA33818ED31" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Macoun s.n.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="5D60ECB5F1C4826B489FBDDA52899181" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F, G</emphasis>
<emphasis id="F091543DB7F302C2D64DB6FE1BE1797F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ahles 55038</emphasis>
). Illustration by R. Wise. Previously published in
<bibRefCitation id="A23B09974ADACD0818BD551D1ED40E32" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.106.21991" author="Saerkinen, T" journalOrPublisher="PhytoKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 223" refId="B209" refString="Saerkinen, T, Poczai, P, Barboza, GE, van der Weerden, GM, Baden, M, Knapp, S, 2018. A revision of the Old World black nightshades (Morelloid clade of Solanum L., Solanaceae). PhytoKeys 106: 1 - 223, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.106.21991" title="A revision of the Old World black nightshades (Morelloid clade of Solanum L., Solanaceae)." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.106.21991" volume="106" year="2018">
<normalizedToken id="F3DF398EF8617CC657569481D169EAF8" originalValue="Särkinen">Saerkinen</normalizedToken>
et al. (2018
</bibRefCitation>
: 142) and
<bibRefCitation id="254D86CD2B251F41267243CA3FF04065" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.123.31738" author="Knapp, S" journalOrPublisher="PhytoKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 174" refId="B136" refString="Knapp, S, Barboza, GE, Bohs, L, Saerkinen, T, 2019. A revision of the Morelloid Clade of Solanum L. (Solanaceae) in the Caribbean and North and Central America. PhytoKeys 123: 1 - 174, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.123.31738" title="A revision of the Morelloid Clade of Solanum L. (Solanaceae) in the Caribbean and North and Central America." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.123.31738" volume="123" year="2019">Knapp et al. (2019</bibRefCitation>
: 108).
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="3FB71C90D7B71DE8656BBE7ED809AD08" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
<paragraph id="01C3CF4239A2635EB8EDB904CC70613D" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C3446F62B367F335376BF8BBAABC3113" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Annual herbs to 0.7 m high, usually smaller (but very rarely to 1 m), spreading and decumbent with age. Stems terete, green, generally erect, branching and later spreading, not markedly hollow; new growth densely viscid-pubescent with simple, uniseriate, spreading trichomes with a glandular apical cell, the trichomes of two lengths, 1-4-celled trichomes to 0.5 mm long and 5-14-celled trichomes to 2 mm long; older stems glabrescent. Sympodial units difoliate, the leaves not geminate. Leaves simple and sinuate-dentate, the blades 3-7.5 cm long, 3-6 cm wide, broadly ovate, widest in the lower third, thinly membranous, concolorous; adaxial and abaxial surfaces sparsely to densely pubescent with spreading, simple, uniseriate glandular trichomes like those of the stem, evenly distributed on lamina and veins; major veins 3-4 pairs; base truncate to cordate, sometimes asymmetric; margins entire or regularly sinuate-dentate; apex acute; petioles 0.5-3.2 cm long, sparsely pubescent with trichomes like those of the stem and leaves. Inflorescences usually opposite the leaves but occasionally internodal (always very near the node), unbranched, 0.7-1.7 cm long, with 2-5(6-7) flowers clustered at the tip (sub-umbelliform), sparsely pubescent with spreading trichomes like those of the stems; peduncle 0.7-1 cm long; pedicels 5-7 mm long, 0.1-0.2 mm in diameter at the base, 0.3-0.4 mm in diameter at the apex, straight and spreading, articulated at the base; pedicel scars spaced ca. 0(-1) mm apart. Buds globose, the corolla only slightly exserted from the calyx tube before anthesis, almost completely included within the calyx lobes and only the tip of the corolla showing. Flowers 5-merous, cosexual (hermaphroditic). Calyx tube 0.5-1 mm long, the lobes 1.5-2 mm long, 1.3-1.5 mm wide, lanceolate to narrowly ovate with acute apices, sparsely pubescent with 1-4-celled spreading glandular trichomes like those on the pedicels but shorter. Corolla 0.5-0.8 cm in diameter, white with a yellow-green central eye, pentagonal-stellate, lobed 1/3 of the way to halfway to the base, the lobes 3-4.5 mm long, 5-7 mm wide, spreading at anthesis, sparsely papillate-pubescent abaxially with glandular 1-4-celled simple uniseriate trichomes and eglandular papillae, these denser along margins, tips and midvein. Stamens equal; filament tube minute; free portion of the filaments 1-1.5 mm long, adaxially sparsely pubescent with tangled uniseriate 4-6-celled simple trichomes; anthers 1.2-2 mm long, 0.4-0.8 mm wide, ellipsoid, yellow, poricidal at the tips, the pores lengthening to slits with age and drying. Ovary globose, glabrous; style 3-3.5 mm long, straight, not usually exserted beyond the anther cone, densely pubescent with 2-3-celled simple uniseriate trichomes in the lower half to 2/3 where included in the anther cone; stigma capitate, minutely papillate, green in live plants. Fruit a globose berry, 0.6-0.9 cm in diameter, green brownish grey at maturity, the pericarp usually matte, opaque, glabrous; fruiting pedicels 5-9 mm long, 0.2-0.3 mm in diameter at the base, ca. 1 mm in diameter at the apex, spaced 0-1 mm apart, reflexed, not persistent; fruiting calyx accrescent, becoming papery in mature fruit, the tube 3-4 mm long, the lobes 5.5-8 mm long and 3.5-4 mm wide, the tips slightly reflexed or spreading. Seeds (23-)59-69(-93) per berry, 1.3-1.7 mm long, 1-1.5 mm wide, flattened and teardrop shaped with a subapical hilum, pale yellow, the surfaces minutely pitted, the testal cells pentagonal in outline. Stone cells 4-6 per berry, (0.5) 0.8-1 mm in diameter. Chromosome number: 2n = 24 (see
<bibRefCitation id="2A6EAD322BEA7289D007C988FD223233" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.106.21991" author="Saerkinen, T" journalOrPublisher="PhytoKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 223" refId="B209" refString="Saerkinen, T, Poczai, P, Barboza, GE, van der Weerden, GM, Baden, M, Knapp, S, 2018. A revision of the Old World black nightshades (Morelloid clade of Solanum L., Solanaceae). PhytoKeys 106: 1 - 223, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.106.21991" title="A revision of the Old World black nightshades (Morelloid clade of Solanum L., Solanaceae)." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.106.21991" volume="106" year="2018">
<normalizedToken id="0EB4B9411E241C72C48F66D222B08E09" originalValue="Särkinen">Saerkinen</normalizedToken>
et al. 2018
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="69DDE6F6564E9662B8BF1C317E2EACD9" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.231.100894.figure156" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/897617" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 156" startId="F156">
<paragraph id="618F4FA750ACC8C3FC62A5B4E3BB11FD" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="2B104B54B18441B881A37CE6D89782C5" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 156.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="C66FE08BCAA641107E12A1764761F1B1" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum sarrachoides" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sarrachoides">
<emphasis id="7894F8B19DC9B3B1038056FFDDA96356" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum sarrachoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="6E17DB310AAEA80B424C94A1FBD90B41" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
habit
<emphasis id="2B7FCE91A6BC017214AD3E3DFE6FC2BB" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
inflorescence
<emphasis id="0CF67B4DD19B9A7C52DC1999C3D0C7E0" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
flowers at full anthesis
<emphasis id="1494045F9B4A88DF9C7B826593E65CCD" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
developing fruits (unvouchered). Photos by D.G. Smith, S.
<normalizedToken id="0FDF26FC958ADAE1585A6BA68ECFC174" originalValue="Martín">Martin</normalizedToken>
de la Vega, and B.W. Wells Association. Previously published in
<bibRefCitation id="D64097826C8C63D8B3FF625DC0AC8DA6" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.106.21991" author="Saerkinen, T" journalOrPublisher="PhytoKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 223" refId="B209" refString="Saerkinen, T, Poczai, P, Barboza, GE, van der Weerden, GM, Baden, M, Knapp, S, 2018. A revision of the Old World black nightshades (Morelloid clade of Solanum L., Solanaceae). PhytoKeys 106: 1 - 223, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.106.21991" title="A revision of the Old World black nightshades (Morelloid clade of Solanum L., Solanaceae)." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.106.21991" volume="106" year="2018">
<normalizedToken id="DD51DBE7DBD49E374ABC066B79AE9F60" originalValue="Särkinen">Saerkinen</normalizedToken>
et al. (2018
</bibRefCitation>
: 143) and
<bibRefCitation id="7BE4242675F96CBDC409A0750F9944B6" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.123.31738" author="Knapp, S" journalOrPublisher="PhytoKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 174" refId="B136" refString="Knapp, S, Barboza, GE, Bohs, L, Saerkinen, T, 2019. A revision of the Morelloid Clade of Solanum L. (Solanaceae) in the Caribbean and North and Central America. PhytoKeys 123: 1 - 174, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.123.31738" title="A revision of the Morelloid Clade of Solanum L. (Solanaceae) in the Caribbean and North and Central America." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.123.31738" volume="123" year="2019">Knapp et al. (2019</bibRefCitation>
: 109).
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="4489C5563DC9B0AE6C44233C2378DC51" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="1CEBC2235D872E504403B12EA064C58A" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution</paragraph>
<paragraph id="695B2870BC04C4AA4E17DDD07309F8F6" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="7A17EE1CF34972930E955EEDFB5D8D05" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
(Fig.
<figureCitation id="6C5F34FB1D673842908A993EDA6DFBAC" captionStart="Figure 157" captionStartId="F157" captionText="Figure 157. Distribution map of Solanum sarrachoides in South America. For adventive distribution in North and Central America and the Caribbean, see Knapp et al. (2019: 111) and Saerkinen et al. (2018: 145) for the Eastern Hemisphere." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.231.100894.figure157" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/897618" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">157</figureCitation>
).
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="61D818D31C10C4C960AB697B3411EDE5" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum sarrachoides" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sarrachoides">
<emphasis id="6BF7C60AF64BBEF7AED8F04EC9FF576B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum sarrachoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is native to southern South America, occurring in Brazil (States of
<normalizedToken id="BDA9D66E37E67EBEDDA0583F5FEE23C8" originalValue="Paraná">Parana</normalizedToken>
, Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina,
<normalizedToken id="5CEE52B311B08B7EB3867FD6A08F7380" originalValue="São">Sao</normalizedToken>
Paulo,), Bolivia (Dept. Santa Cruz), Argentina (Provs. Buenos Aires, Catamarca, Chaco, Entre
<normalizedToken id="C08349682238EC2E8273A8F6082B6909" originalValue="Ríos">Rios</normalizedToken>
, Formosa, San Luis, Santiago del Estero), Paraguay (Depts.
<normalizedToken id="AFC07857B21290F5643831DB8854BFE5" originalValue="Boquerón">Boqueron</normalizedToken>
, Nueva
<normalizedToken id="A7C0F03D2F7652FC6A27C94D8CECCD89" originalValue="Asunción">Asuncion</normalizedToken>
, Presidente Hayes) and Uruguay (Depts. Florida, Lavalleja, Montevideo, San
<normalizedToken id="EA4843AFA06F22E6E7C64C4A1066D512" originalValue="José">Jose</normalizedToken>
). It is sporadically introduced in the temperate zones of both Northern and Southern Hemispheres, where it is much less common than the morphologically similar
<taxonomicName id="A660CCA622AF278D082F34F1E8676FE8" family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. nitidibaccatum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="nitidibaccatum">
<emphasis id="97ABA06BD85C961184973EF3D293CF1B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. nitidibaccatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(see
<bibRefCitation id="649070B5F40D10A3D5C999283B00EE52" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.106.21991" author="Saerkinen, T" journalOrPublisher="PhytoKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 223" refId="B209" refString="Saerkinen, T, Poczai, P, Barboza, GE, van der Weerden, GM, Baden, M, Knapp, S, 2018. A revision of the Old World black nightshades (Morelloid clade of Solanum L., Solanaceae). PhytoKeys 106: 1 - 223, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.106.21991" title="A revision of the Old World black nightshades (Morelloid clade of Solanum L., Solanaceae)." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.106.21991" volume="106" year="2018">
<normalizedToken id="98D85B37D8B3A48B1D38567DE756A954" originalValue="Särkinen">Saerkinen</normalizedToken>
et al. 2018
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="08F3BB11BE8AFECA0426C60B8E7A1EBC" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.123.31738" author="Knapp, S" journalOrPublisher="PhytoKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 174" refId="B136" refString="Knapp, S, Barboza, GE, Bohs, L, Saerkinen, T, 2019. A revision of the Morelloid Clade of Solanum L. (Solanaceae) in the Caribbean and North and Central America. PhytoKeys 123: 1 - 174, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.123.31738" title="A revision of the Morelloid Clade of Solanum L. (Solanaceae) in the Caribbean and North and Central America." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.123.31738" volume="123" year="2019">Knapp et al. 2019</bibRefCitation>
for details of extra-South American distribution of both these species).
</paragraph>
<caption id="6E8D7E759E02D7721EAEAC6E901D79BF" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.231.100894.figure157" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/897618" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 157" startId="F157">
<paragraph id="6EAAD05C6D6A7D592945E335833AF070" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="D8A0C83EF6A4C99C425AF5D0CF311817" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 157.</emphasis>
Distribution map of
<taxonomicName id="4ED3A471B8F4444F8330FC3B56D79218" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum sarrachoides" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sarrachoides">
<emphasis id="1AFE198339A4892A72E1031B81CF58E2" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum sarrachoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in South America. For adventive distribution in North and Central America and the Caribbean, see
<bibRefCitation id="167977BFD900E994F2373E1C2B4DC727" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.123.31738" author="Knapp, S" journalOrPublisher="PhytoKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 174" refId="B136" refString="Knapp, S, Barboza, GE, Bohs, L, Saerkinen, T, 2019. A revision of the Morelloid Clade of Solanum L. (Solanaceae) in the Caribbean and North and Central America. PhytoKeys 123: 1 - 174, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.123.31738" title="A revision of the Morelloid Clade of Solanum L. (Solanaceae) in the Caribbean and North and Central America." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.123.31738" volume="123" year="2019">Knapp et al. (2019</bibRefCitation>
: 111) and
<bibRefCitation id="EC7CC756A66F2C755BB9FB075522A042" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.106.21991" author="Saerkinen, T" journalOrPublisher="PhytoKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 223" refId="B209" refString="Saerkinen, T, Poczai, P, Barboza, GE, van der Weerden, GM, Baden, M, Knapp, S, 2018. A revision of the Old World black nightshades (Morelloid clade of Solanum L., Solanaceae). PhytoKeys 106: 1 - 223, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.106.21991" title="A revision of the Old World black nightshades (Morelloid clade of Solanum L., Solanaceae)." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.106.21991" volume="106" year="2018">
<normalizedToken id="1640A2E5E62361A9874CECF8BAC77EFE" originalValue="Särkinen">Saerkinen</normalizedToken>
et al. (2018
</bibRefCitation>
: 145) for the Eastern Hemisphere.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="AE9D0B0073BFEAC12BB4A8F1851438FA" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="ecology">
<paragraph id="397713CEFDE08FCF843012C48502667B" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ecology and habitat.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5BFDCCF0994C378BA53FC0E59E83D123" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="7DF9B2ED14C56D03E0AEBDB7A888BA5C" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum sarrachoides" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sarrachoides">
<emphasis id="92815609C4436BA1CD71481DC2A036EB" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum sarrachoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
occurs in a wide variety of dry and semi-humid habitats, often in open or disturbed areas such as the edges of agricultural fields, and sporadically occurs as a weed of cultivation in urban areas, from sea level to 1,000 m elevation.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D08D0F2E4C2280ED805C5383CF661D26" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="common names and uses">
<paragraph id="2BBFB59F04B34A1970695266F8DE1558" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Common names and uses.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1E278DFD481C8A4E2E997640ECCA1574" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Bolivia. Santa Cruz: huiraquillomi (
<normalizedToken id="1A5EBDF9DA0E8F59207666D6D02E86D1" originalValue="Guaraní">Guarani</normalizedToken>
,
<emphasis id="1058A34D3CC5928B325F6C9EB06F2AA3" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Michel et al. 2769</emphasis>
). No uses recorded.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CC6BD26004F0A15176E777336D9F19DD" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="preliminary conservation status">
<paragraph id="49A3E682221D3FCE49FD5B6666C3084C" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Preliminary conservation status</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DFB383BDA6BF854D9947CF59C1F3F739" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="967DBB76E7A0071EA671FC494933D9E1" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
(
<bibRefCitation id="486C308561AC1D4ADFE6FA8C351CD195" author="Ibarrola, DA" journalOrPublisher="Nueva Serie" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" publicationUrl="https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/redlistguidelines" refId="B116" refString="2022. . https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/redlistguidelines" url="https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/redlistguidelines" year="2022">IUCN 2022</bibRefCitation>
).
</emphasis>
Least Concern [LC]. EOO = 2,194,057 km2 [LC]; AOO = 128 km2 [EN]; calculated on South American range only.
<taxonomicName id="80313C9EE130A9CA02F4D26B3A8D8D9E" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum sarrachoides" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sarrachoides">
<emphasis id="36B78009B3F30EBED92ABF87B6746B05" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum sarrachoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is widespread in the
<normalizedToken id="FCD02D61F0AF3C794B29BBC50CF62630" originalValue="Paraná">Parana</normalizedToken>
Basin and is a weedy somewhat ephemeral species in a wide variety of habitats; it is introduced elsewhere as an agricultural weed (see
<bibRefCitation id="AC035D3E18ADCB3D029658B8B7856BC9" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.106.21991" author="Saerkinen, T" journalOrPublisher="PhytoKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 223" refId="B209" refString="Saerkinen, T, Poczai, P, Barboza, GE, van der Weerden, GM, Baden, M, Knapp, S, 2018. A revision of the Old World black nightshades (Morelloid clade of Solanum L., Solanaceae). PhytoKeys 106: 1 - 223, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.106.21991" title="A revision of the Old World black nightshades (Morelloid clade of Solanum L., Solanaceae)." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.106.21991" volume="106" year="2018">
<normalizedToken id="BCC25E351B83A166F347ACA59AFE6A8E" originalValue="Särkinen">Saerkinen</normalizedToken>
et al. 2018
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="4387CA3EC2FF8BC7D0AEEC97C4EFB009" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.123.31738" author="Knapp, S" journalOrPublisher="PhytoKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 174" refId="B136" refString="Knapp, S, Barboza, GE, Bohs, L, Saerkinen, T, 2019. A revision of the Morelloid Clade of Solanum L. (Solanaceae) in the Caribbean and North and Central America. PhytoKeys 123: 1 - 174, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.123.31738" title="A revision of the Morelloid Clade of Solanum L. (Solanaceae) in the Caribbean and North and Central America." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.123.31738" volume="123" year="2019">Knapp et al. 2019</bibRefCitation>
for details).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="1EA22141B33AD4CB13223490DC3AF21A" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="F1A2509B93ED244EB15EDC698B8949A8" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Discussion.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9E25645952764736450835B629A97550" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Many accounts of morelloid solanums from outside South America have treated as
<taxonomicName id="3D82D0328899D07340DCA953B059924A" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum sarrachoides" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sarrachoides">
<emphasis id="B9DC2AB263FFE23EDEBB195F4ECCFD41" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum sarrachoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
specimens of the species whose correct name is
<taxonomicName id="1F01837E30308198E5FB592D8811DE3D" family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. nitidibaccatum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="nitidibaccatum">
<emphasis id="EF71845A4CB44445940FC99B063D08AC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. nitidibaccatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(see references in
<bibRefCitation id="917BB2AD17B81F2E3AC72B6B67C95095" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.106.21991" author="Saerkinen, T" journalOrPublisher="PhytoKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 223" refId="B209" refString="Saerkinen, T, Poczai, P, Barboza, GE, van der Weerden, GM, Baden, M, Knapp, S, 2018. A revision of the Old World black nightshades (Morelloid clade of Solanum L., Solanaceae). PhytoKeys 106: 1 - 223, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.106.21991" title="A revision of the Old World black nightshades (Morelloid clade of Solanum L., Solanaceae)." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.106.21991" volume="106" year="2018">
<normalizedToken id="352265721E6B33AAB1AACEA53288A275" originalValue="Särkinen">Saerkinen</normalizedToken>
et al. 2018
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EC7B3C1483EEAA6E75C17BDD02B0CE2F" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.123.31738" author="Knapp, S" journalOrPublisher="PhytoKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 174" refId="B136" refString="Knapp, S, Barboza, GE, Bohs, L, Saerkinen, T, 2019. A revision of the Morelloid Clade of Solanum L. (Solanaceae) in the Caribbean and North and Central America. PhytoKeys 123: 1 - 174, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.123.31738" title="A revision of the Morelloid Clade of Solanum L. (Solanaceae) in the Caribbean and North and Central America." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.123.31738" volume="123" year="2019">Knapp et al. 2019</bibRefCitation>
). Records of
<taxonomicName id="3AD0349856BCF2A163CF8E9D6625D6DD" family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. sarrachoides" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="sarrachoides">
<emphasis id="2C365F70D5D7B5B39F17967C395BFAEB" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. sarrachoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the literature should therefore be dealt with care due to common misidentification of voucher material. The two species can be distinguished based using the following suite of characters:
<taxonomicName id="C5D50AA94618617DAB7161B2FBE4523F" family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. sarrachoides" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="sarrachoides">
<emphasis id="2196CEA6624817F289314F3272050EAD" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. sarrachoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has generally truncate leaf bases, umbellate to sub-umbellate mature inflorescences opposite the leaves (Fig.
<figureCitation id="94B58016B96EA6BE089285CB6BBABF8D" captionStart="Figure 156" captionStartId="F156" captionText="Figure 156. Solanum sarrachoides A habit B inflorescence C flowers at full anthesis D developing fruits (unvouchered). Photos by D. G. Smith, S. Martin de la Vega, and B. W. Wells Association. Previously published in Saerkinen et al. (2018: 143) and Knapp et al. (2019: 109)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.231.100894.figure156" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/897617" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">156B</figureCitation>
) with fewer flowers (2-5), shorter calyx lobes 1-1.4 mm long and a corolla with yellow-green central eye.
<taxonomicName id="06ABD23DC9D8C4C0D9F5E18E91D174D5" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum nitidibaccatum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nitidibaccatum">
<emphasis id="285829204489153B36B89BBB68D31F3D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum nitidibaccatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has cuneate leaf bases, usually internodal mature inflorescences with an elongate flower-bearing axis with more flowers (4-8), longer calyx lobes 1.8-2.5 mm long, and corolla with black-purple edged central eye. The accrescent calyx almost completely encloses the matte-surfaced mature berry in
<taxonomicName id="538E04D1FB97A3C71B64AE8B5D429A54" family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. sarrachoides" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="sarrachoides">
<emphasis id="D6032F2C01D878E3F2EA23E5AA01E982" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. sarrachoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, while the shiny, marbled berry of
<taxonomicName id="E51658BB63A0E87F06F186FBD368D813" family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. nitidibaccatum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="nitidibaccatum">
<emphasis id="F5490D25D2A856415BFEFE10DA255F3D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. nitidibaccatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is always ca. halfway exserted from the calyx lobes.
<taxonomicName id="CC152D519ED3AE6E93B82783463C5916" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum sarrachoides" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sarrachoides">
<emphasis id="E8FEF71C249D07CAC5DD94747E685F22" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum sarrachoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
usually has more stone cells in each berry (4-6) than does
<taxonomicName id="884A4CC17210DE4793539DAB2470EB14" family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. nitidibaccatum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="nitidibaccatum">
<emphasis id="AEF308714F87437BCA9AC260002E4F6F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. nitidibaccatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(1-2, or absent). Though morphologically very similar, data from both nuclear and plastid DNA sequences suggests the two species are not closely related (
<bibRefCitation id="938E185F438FFEC05DA81FE1D3DF1DEC" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1002/ajb2.1827" author="Gagnon, E" journalOrPublisher="American Journal of Botany" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="580 - 601" refId="B92" refString="Gagnon, E, Hilgenhof, R, Orejuela, A, McDonnell, A, Sablok, G, Aubriot, X, Giacomin, LL, Gouvea, Y, Bohs, L, Dodsworth, S, Martine, C, Poczai, P, Knapp, S, Saerkinen, T, 2022. Phylogenomic discordance suggests polytomies along the backbone of the large genus Solanum. American Journal of Botany 109 (4): 580 - 601, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/ajb2.1827" title="Phylogenomic discordance suggests polytomies along the backbone of the large genus Solanum." url="https://doi.org/10.1002/ajb2.1827" volume="109" year="2022">Gagnon et al. 2022</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D53600E553A1EC0A325797D76F743CB5" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Typification details of the synonyms of
<taxonomicName id="EF2040EC08D7ACB0D46F924625926A34" family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. sarrachoides" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="sarrachoides">
<emphasis id="50E7CFDF75B83F0C50D8B376BF77D60C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. sarrachoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be found in
<bibRefCitation id="4F9CB562E7AC4B6F7E3F15FA53119609" author="Barboza, GE" editor="Anton, AM" journalOrPublisher=") Flora Argentina (Vol. 13), Solanaceae. IOBDA- IMBIV, CONICET: Buenos Aires &amp; Cordoba, Argentina" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="231 - 264" refId="B10" refString="Barboza, GE, Knapp, S, Saerkinen, T, 2013. Grupo VII. Moreloide. In: Anton, AM, Zuloaga, FO, Eds., Barboza GE (Coord.) Flora Argentina (Vol. 13), Solanaceae. IOBDA- IMBIV, CONICET: Buenos Aires &amp; Cordoba, Argentina: 231 - 264" title="Grupo VII. Moreloide." volumeTitle="Barboza GE (Coord." year="2013">Barboza et al. (2013)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="5AAB0ABD032FF41B490066F64651768E" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.106.21991" author="Saerkinen, T" journalOrPublisher="PhytoKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 223" refId="B209" refString="Saerkinen, T, Poczai, P, Barboza, GE, van der Weerden, GM, Baden, M, Knapp, S, 2018. A revision of the Old World black nightshades (Morelloid clade of Solanum L., Solanaceae). PhytoKeys 106: 1 - 223, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.106.21991" title="A revision of the Old World black nightshades (Morelloid clade of Solanum L., Solanaceae)." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.106.21991" volume="106" year="2018">
<normalizedToken id="BDEA4692C2BD128061FB5DA05565DD2C" originalValue="Särkinen">Saerkinen</normalizedToken>
et al. (2018)
</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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