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<document id="47C0CE20E1354BA1DF4915253E11D649" ID-CLB-Dataset="32713" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4287.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="91e8f5fd-1e15-4c4f-872f-3d4c50d0c8a7" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="829051" ID-ZooBank="13C4F702-EF00-4F04-B38E-3F0AA6CAF718" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1500110702684" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="ROBERTO CALDARA, CHARLES W. OBRIEN &amp; MASSIMO MEREGALLI" docDate="2017" docId="D17787854F5C1F280DD768311522FD5D" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4287.1.1.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4287 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Bagous Germar 1817" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="35" masterDocId="2D4EFFFD4F7D1F0A0D406F35171FFFD9" masterDocTitle="A phylogenetic analysis of the aquatic weevil tribe Bagoini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) based on morphological characters of adults" masterLastPageNumber="63" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="34" updateTime="1698465391549" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="F10DB6C3197715FB810BA76503341EF5">A phylogenetic analysis of the aquatic weevil tribe Bagoini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) based on morphological characters of adults</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="8CC7951FBEFD91C61DD3ACAD5119545D">ROBERTO CALDARA</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="6BB74B7FC64934CD2E16164608F8E446">CHARLES W. OBRIEN</mods:namePart>
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<subSubSection id="11C465184F5C1F2B0DD7683116E3F8C7" box="[151,508,1796,1822]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="596136934F5C1F2B0DD7683116E3F8C7" blockId="33.[151,508,1796,1822]" box="[151,508,1796,1822]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
<heading id="022981FF4F5C1F2B0DD7683116E3F8C7" bold="true" box="[151,508,1796,1822]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" reason="1">
<emphasis id="6BAAEA814F5C1F2B0DD7683116E3F8C7" bold="true" box="[151,508,1796,1822]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
Genus
<taxonomicName id="9EDE4D104F5C1F2B0DAE683116E3F8C7" ID-CoL="8HCYW" authority="Germar, 1817" authorityName="Germar" authorityYear="1817" box="[238,508,1796,1822]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Bagous" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6BAAEA814F5C1F2B0DAE68311656F8C7" bold="true" box="[238,329,1796,1822]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Bagous</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="3D4F4B624F5C1F2B0C10683116E3F8C7" author="Germar" box="[336,508,1796,1822]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" refString="Germar, E. F. (1817) Miscellen und Correspondenz - Nachtrichten. Magazin der Entomologie, 2, 339 - 341." type="journal article" year="1817">Germar, 1817</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="11C465184F5C1F280DD7687F1610FF0C" lastPageId="34" lastPageNumber="35" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="596136934F5C1F280DD7687F1610FF0C" blockId="33.[151,1436,1866,2035]" lastBlockId="34.[151,1436,151,645]" lastPageId="34" lastPageNumber="35" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
<emphasis id="6BAAEA814F5C1F2B0DD7687F160EF8BA" bold="true" box="[151,273,1866,1891]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Forehead between eyes sulcate or foveate (char. 24.1); postocular lobes well-developed (char. 30.1); prosternum with deep rostral canal (char. 31.2) and with postero-lateral margins of rostral canal sharply raised (char. 33.2) (except for the
<taxonomicName id="9EDE4D104F5C1F2B0C9C68A1159AF872" box="[476,645,1938,1963]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Bagous" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="biimpressus">
<emphasis id="6BAAEA814F5C1F2B0C9C68A1159AF872" box="[476,645,1938,1963]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">B. biimpressus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group of the subgen.
<emphasis id="6BAAEA814F5C1F2B0ECD68A71339F872" box="[909,1062,1938,1963]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Macropelmus</emphasis>
); elytral interval 5 usually with declivital callus obtuse to acute, poorly to well-developed (char. 36.1, absent in subgenus
<taxonomicName id="9EDE4D104F5C1F2B09E168831235F816" box="[1185,1322,1974,1999]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Parabagous" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6BAAEA814F5C1F2B09E168831235F816" box="[1185,1322,1974,1999]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Parabagous</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and in
<emphasis id="6BAAEA814F5C1F2B08C468821699F82A" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
<taxonomicName id="9EDE4D104F5C1F2B08C4688217CAF82A" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Bagous" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="exilis">B. exilis</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="9EDE4D104F5C1F2B0DA368E91699F82A" box="[227,390,2010,2035]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Bagous" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="frivaldszkyi">B. frivaldszkyi</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
and
<taxonomicName id="9EDE4D104F5C1F2B0C8368E91528F82A" box="[451,567,2010,2035]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Bagous" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tubulus">
<emphasis id="6BAAEA814F5C1F2B0C8368E91528F82A" box="[451,567,2010,2035]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">B. tubulus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). Tarsomere 3 cordate to linear; penis body ventrally membranous to fully sclerotized, usually with numerous basal or apical, more or less complex sclerites, with long to very short apodemes.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="11C465184F5F1F280D876FEA1522FD5D" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="596136934F5F1F280D876FEA130DFE99" blockId="34.[151,1436,151,645]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
<emphasis id="6BAAEA814F5F1F280D876FEA1624FF21" bold="true" box="[199,315,223,248]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Remarks.</emphasis>
In the all-species analysis the genus was almost maximally supported in BI (99% pp) but only weakly supported in ML (65% bs) and MP (63 % sr, Bremer support 1); in the type-species analysis its support in ML and MP was stronger (respectively, 78% bs and 72% sr, Bremer support 3).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="596136934F5F1F280D876E791522FD5D" blockId="34.[151,1436,151,645]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
Infrageneric classification of the genus
<taxonomicName id="9EDE4D104F5F1F280F3F6E7815CCFEBD" box="[639,723,333,356]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Bagous" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6BAAEA814F5F1F280F3F6E7815CCFEBD" box="[639,723,333,356]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Bagous</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is controversial. As already discussed, three large complexes of species are maximally, or nearly maximally supported: subgenera
<emphasis id="6BAAEA814F5F1F280EC06E5A13B7FE51" box="[896,1192,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
<taxonomicName id="9EDE4D104F5F1F280EC06E5A1313FE51" box="[896,1036,367,392]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Parabagous" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Parabagous</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="9EDE4D104F5F1F2809576E5A13B7FE51" box="[1047,1192,367,392]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Hydronoplus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Hydronoplus</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
and
<emphasis id="6BAAEA814F5F1F2809A06E5A1283FE51" box="[1248,1436,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Hydrillaebagous</emphasis>
<emphasis id="6BAAEA814F5F1F280DD76EA11623FE74" bold="true" box="[151,316,404,429]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">new subgenus</emphasis>
. The subgenus
<emphasis id="6BAAEA814F5F1F280CAD6EA11599FE74" box="[493,646,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Macropelmus</emphasis>
represents a further clade that includes a very large number of species sharing the shortening of the penis apodemes,. All other species, including
<taxonomicName id="9EDE4D104F5F1F280EBA6E8C1396FE09" box="[1018,1161,439,464]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Bagous" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="binodulus">
<emphasis id="6BAAEA814F5F1F280EBA6E8C1396FE09" box="[1018,1161,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">B. binodulus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the type species of the genus, fall in a polytomy. The species available for the molecular analysis clustered in clades that match their placement in the topology of the BI reconstruction based on the morphological analysis. The type-species analysis produced the same pattern but with a further group (including
<emphasis id="6BAAEA814F5F1F280E136D1114E8FDE4" box="[851,1015,548,573]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Himaniphades</emphasis>
and
<taxonomicName id="9EDE4D104F5F1F28096D6D111390FDE4" box="[1069,1167,548,573]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Abagous" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6BAAEA814F5F1F28096D6D111390FDE4" box="[1069,1167,548,573]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Abagous</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) that was not present in ML and had only low support. In accordance with the all-species analysis, we refer it to the subgenus
<taxonomicName id="9EDE4D104F5F1F2808556D7C1276FDB9" box="[1301,1385,585,608]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Bagous" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6BAAEA814F5F1F2808556D7C1276FDB9" box="[1301,1385,585,608]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Bagous</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as a species-group (
<taxonomicName id="9EDE4D104F5F1F280C036D5816FAFD5C" box="[323,485,620,645]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Bagous" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bipunctatus">
<emphasis id="6BAAEA814F5F1F280C036D5816FAFD5C" box="[323,485,620,645]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">B. bipunctatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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