treatments-xml/data/6E/70/12/6E701275F1645C6ABB653E71F11A15F1.xml
2024-06-21 12:39:46 +02:00

560 lines
68 KiB
XML
Raw Blame History

This file contains ambiguous Unicode characters

This file contains Unicode characters that might be confused with other characters. If you think that this is intentional, you can safely ignore this warning. Use the Escape button to reveal them.

<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1083.75624" ID-GBIF-Dataset="66ba5520-2b6d-4925-8dea-ce6abf9a724b" ID-PMC="PMC8803752" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-1083-13" ID-Pensoft-UUID="958BB719DA1D54DB801A9004E3D80C99" ID-PubMed="35115872" ID-ZooBank="D263A9C3D2EB4A2D9D7FECAC41AFD710" ModsDocID="1313-2970-1083-13" checkinTime="1643093437741" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Kolcsar, Levente-Peter, Paramonov, Nikolai, Imada, Yume, Kato, Daichi, Gamboa, Maribet, Shinoka, Dai, Kato, Makoto &amp; Watanabe, Kozo" docDate="2022" docId="6E701275F1645C6ABB653E71F11A15F1" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1083: 13-88" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1083" docPubDate="2022-01-24" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1083.75624" docTitle="Liogma brevipecten Alexander 1932" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" id="958BB719DA1D54DB801A9004E3D80C99" lastPageNumber="13" masterDocId="958BB719DA1D54DB801A9004E3D80C99" masterDocTitle="Notes on the taxonomic status and distribution of some Cylindrotomidae (Diptera, Tipuloidea), with emphasis on Japanese species" masterLastPageNumber="88" masterPageNumber="13" pageNumber="13" updateTime="1668151423222" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Notes on the taxonomic status and distribution of some Cylindrotomidae (Diptera, Tipuloidea), with emphasis on Japanese species</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Kolcsar, Levente-Peter</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7784-2386</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime 790 - 8577, Japan</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">kolcsar.peter@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Paramonov, Nikolai</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, 1 Universitetskaya Emb., St Petersburg 199034, Russia</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Imada, Yume</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2173-7389</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ehime University, 2 - 5 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, Ehime, 790 - 8577 Japan</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Kato, Daichi</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Echigo-Matsunoyama Museum of Natural Sciences, ' Kyororo', 1712 - 2 Matsunoyama, Tokamachi, 942 - 1411, Japan</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Gamboa, Maribet</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Catolica de la Santisima Concepcion, 409054 Concepcion, Chile</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Shinoka, Dai</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime 790 - 8577, Japan</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Kato, Makoto</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Yoshida-nihonmatsu-cho, Kyoto, 606 - 8501 Japan</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Watanabe, Kozo</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7062-595X</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime 790 - 8577, Japan</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2022</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2022-01-24</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>1083</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>13</mods:start>
<mods:end>88</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1083.75624</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1083.75624</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-1083-13</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">D263A9C3D2EB4A2D9D7FECAC41AFD710</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">958BB719DA1D54DB801A9004E3D80C99</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="192586636" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6E701275F1645C6ABB653E71F11A15F1" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/6E701275F1645C6ABB653E71F11A15F1" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="13" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
<taxonomicName LSID="6E701275-F164-5C6A-BB65-3E71F11A15F1" authority="Alexander, 1932" authorityName="Alexander" authorityYear="1932" class="Insecta" family="Cylindrotomidae" genus="Liogma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Liogma brevipecten" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevipecten">Liogma brevipecten Alexander, 1932</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="13" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Antennae A Cylindrotoma distinctissima (Meigen, 1818) B Diogma caudata Takahashi, 1960 C Diogma glabrata (Meigen, 1818) D Liogma mikado (Alexander, 1919) E Liogma brevipecten Alexander, 1932 F Liogma serraticornis Alexander, 1919 G Triogma kuwanai (Alexander, 1913). Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1083.75624.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/637477" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Figs 4E</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Wing A Cylindrotoma distinctissima (Meigen, 1818) B Diogma caudata Takahashi, 1960 C Diogma glabrata (Meigen, 1818) D Liogma mikado (Alexander, 1919) E Liogma brevipecten Alexander, 1932 F Liogma serraticornis Alexander, 1919 G Triogma kuwanai (Alexander, 1913) of &quot; Triogma kuwanai &quot; form H Triogma kuwanai (Alexander, 1913) of &quot; Triogma limbinervis &quot; form." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1083.75624.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/637478" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">, 5E</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="F19" captionText="Figure 19. Liogma brevipecten Alexander, 1932 A habitus of male, lateral view (colouration of wings is artefact) B head and thorax, lateral view C head and thorax, dorsal view D antenna of male E head of female, lateral view F female terminalia lateral view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1083.75624.figure19" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/637492" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">, 19</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 20" captionStartId="F20" captionText="Figure 20. Male genital structures of Liogma brevipecten Alexander, 1932 A terminalia, dorsal view B terminalia, ventral view C terminalia, lateral view D aedeagus complex, dorsal view E aedeagus complex, ventral view F aedeagus complex, lateral view G tip of the aedeagus. Abbreviations: ib - interbase; ibml - interbase median lobe." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1083.75624.figure20" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/637493" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">, 20</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="F21" captionText="Figure 21. Female genital structures of Liogma brevipecten Alexander, 1932 A aerminalia, dorsal view B terminalia, lateral view C sternite 8, hypogynial valve, genital fork, and sperm ducts, inner dorsal view D spermathecae." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1083.75624.figure21" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/637494" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">, 21</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 22" captionStartId="F22" captionText="Figure 22. Occurrence data in Japan and surrounding areas of A Liogma brevipecten Alexander, 1932 B Liogma mikado (Alexander, 1919). Red dots indicate locations of investigated specimens, white dots indicate approximate locations of literature data." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1083.75624.figure22" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/637495" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">, 22A</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="13" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Alexander" authorityYear="1932" class="Insecta" family="Cylindrotomidae" genus="Liogma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Liogma brevipecten" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevipecten">Liogma brevipecten</taxonomicName>
in
<bibRefCitation author="Alexander, CP" journalOrPublisher="Philippine Journal of Science" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" pagination="105 - 136" refId="B8" refString="Alexander, CP, 1932. New or little-known Tipulidae from eastern Asia (Diptera). X. Philippine Journal of Science 49: 105 - 136" title="New or little-known Tipulidae from eastern Asia (Diptera). X." volume="49" year="1932">Alexander 1932</bibRefCitation>
: 110-111: original descriptions;
<bibRefCitation author="Ishida, H" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" refId="B27" refString="Ishida, H, 1955. The catalogue of the Japanese Tipulidae, with the keys to the genera and subgenera. II. Tipula (part) and Cylindrotominae. Annual Report of the Hyogo Agricultural College (Kenkyu Shuroku, 1955) 5: 59-77." title="The catalogue of the Japanese Tipulidae, with the keys to the genera and subgenera. II. Tipula (part) and Cylindrotominae. Annual Report of the Hyogo Agricultural College (Kenkyu Shuroku, 1955) 5: 59 - 77." year="1955">Ishida 1955</bibRefCitation>
: 75: distribution;
<bibRefCitation author="Takahashi, M" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the Shikoku Entomological Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" pagination="81 - 91" refId="B62" refString="Takahashi, M, 1960. A revision of Japanese Cylindrotominae (Diptera, Tipulidae). Transactions of the Shikoku Entomological Society 6: 81 - 91" title="A revision of Japanese Cylindrotominae (Diptera, Tipulidae)." volume="6" year="1960">Takahashi 1960</bibRefCitation>
: 84-85: distribution, additional description, faunistic records, illustration;
<bibRefCitation author="Sidorenko, VS" editor="Ler, PA" journalOrPublisher="Vol. VI. Diptera and Siphonaptera. Part 1. Dalnauka, Vladivostok" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" pagination="68 - 70" refId="B58" refString="Sidorenko, VS, 1999. Cylindrotomidae. In: Ler, PA, Ed., Key to the insects of Russian Far East. Vol. VI. Diptera and Siphonaptera. Part 1. Dalnauka, Vladivostok: 68 - 70" title="Cylindrotomidae." volumeTitle="Key to the insects of Russian Far East." year="1999">Sidorenko 1999</bibRefCitation>
: 68-70: identification key, illustration, distribution;
<bibRefCitation author="Nakamura, T" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Tochigi Prefectural Museum" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" pagination="23 - 30" refId="B35" refString="Nakamura, T, 2001. Cylindrotomidae of Tochigi Prefecture, Japan (Diptera, Tipulidae). Bulletin of the Tochigi Prefectural Museum 18: 23 - 30" title="Cylindrotomidae of Tochigi Prefecture, Japan (Diptera, Tipulidae)." volume="18" year="2001">Nakamura 2001</bibRefCitation>
: 23-29: identification key, illustration, distribution, faunistic records;
<bibRefCitation author="Paramonov, NM" editor="Leley, AS" journalOrPublisher="6. Diptera and Siphonaptera. 4. Supplement. Dalnauka, Vladivostok" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" pagination="887 - 889" refId="B43" refString="Paramonov, NM, 2006. Cylindrotomidae. In: Leley, AS, Ed., Key to the Insects of Russian Far East. 6. Diptera and Siphonaptera. 4. Supplement. Dalnauka, Vladivostok: 887 - 889" title="Cylindrotomidae." volumeTitle="Key to the Insects of Russian Far East." year="2006">Paramonov 2006</bibRefCitation>
: 888-889: identification key;
<bibRefCitation author="Nakamura, T" journalOrPublisher="Tokai University Press, Kanawaga" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" refId="B37" refString="Nakamura, T, 2014. Cylindrotomidae. In: Nakamura T, Saigusa T, Suwa M (Eds) Catalogue of the insects of Japan, Volume 8 Diptera (Part 1 Nematocera - BrachyceraAschiza), Touka Shobo, Fukuoka, 54." title="Cylindrotomidae. In: Nakamura T, Saigusa T, Suwa M (Eds) Catalogue of the insects of Japan, Volume 8 Diptera (Part 1 Nematocera - BrachyceraAschiza), Touka Shobo, Fukuoka, 54." year="2014">Nakamura 2014</bibRefCitation>
: 54: distribution;
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa177" author="Imada, Y" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" pagination="1156 - 1204" refId="B26" refString="Imada, Y, 2020. Moss mimesis par excellence: integrating previous and new data on the life history and larval ecomorphology of long-bodied craneflies (Diptera: Cylindrotomidae: Cylindrotominae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 193 (4): 1156 - 1204, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa177" title="Moss mimesis par excellence: integrating previous and new data on the life history and larval ecomorphology of long-bodied craneflies (Diptera: Cylindrotomidae: Cylindrotominae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa177" volume="193" year="2020">Imada 2020</bibRefCitation>
: biology and ecology of larvae.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="13" type="type material">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Non-type material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Japan</emphasis>
• 1 ♂, 1 ♀; Aomori, Towada, Okuse, Tsutanuma Path;
<geoCoordinate degrees="40.59084" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="40.59084">40.59084°N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="140.95705" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="140.95705">140.95705°E</geoCoordinate>
; alt. 468 m; 23 May. 2014; • same locality; 1 Jun. 2014; D. Kato leg.; BLKU. • 1 ♂; Ehime, Kumakogen, small valley;
<geoCoordinate degrees="33.60489" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="33.60489">33.60489°N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="132.85584" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="132.85583">132.85584°E</geoCoordinate>
; alt. 580 m; 19 May. 2019; L.-P.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Kolcsár">Kolcsar</normalizedToken>
leg.; CKLP. • 1 ♂; Ehime, Kumakogen, headwaters, stream;
<geoCoordinate degrees="33.56476" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="33.56476">33.56476°N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="132.93501" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="132.93501">132.93501°E</geoCoordinate>
; alt. 1387 m; 17 Jun. 2019; L.-P.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Kolcsár">Kolcsar</normalizedToken>
leg.; CKLP. • 1 ♂; Ehime, Saijo, spring and mosses rocks;
<geoCoordinate degrees="33.75504" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="33.75504">33.75504°N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="133.15377" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="133.15376">133.15377°E</geoCoordinate>
; alt. 1480 m; 5 Jun. 2019; • 2 ♂; same locality; 16 Jun. 2019; L.-P.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Kolcsár">Kolcsar</normalizedToken>
leg.; CKLP. • 1 ♂; Ehime, Wakayama, small waterfall;
<geoCoordinate degrees="33.71591" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="33.71591">33.71591°N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="133.10839" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="133.10838">133.10839°E</geoCoordinate>
; alt. 930 m; 18 May. 2019; L.-P.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Kolcsár">Kolcsar</normalizedToken>
leg.; CKLP. • 1 ♀; Fukuoka, Soeda, rocky streem and moss covered cliff;
<geoCoordinate degrees="33.48309" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="33.48309">33.48309°N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="130.93289" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="130.93289">130.93289°E</geoCoordinate>
; alt. 900 m; 21 May. 2019; L.-P.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Kolcsár">Kolcsar</normalizedToken>
leg.; CKLP. • 1 ♂; Fukui, Fukui, Mt. Ifuri;
<geoCoordinate degrees="35.96928" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="35.96928">35.96928°N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="136.4459" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="136.4459">136.4459°E</geoCoordinate>
; alt. 387 m; larva collected: 22 Apr. 2015, emerged: 3 May. 2015; Y. Imada leg.; CYI. • 1 ♂; Fukui, Ono, Aburazaka-touge;
<geoCoordinate degrees="35.87298" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="35.87298">35.87298°N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="136.82297" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="136.82297">136.82297°E</geoCoordinate>
; alt. 735 m; larva collected: 28 Apr. 2012, emerged: 3 May. 2012; M. Kato leg.; CYI. • 1 ♂; Hiroshima, Akiota, Yokogo;
<geoCoordinate degrees="34.59419" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="34.59419">34.59419°N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="132.14497" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="132.14497">132.14497°E</geoCoordinate>
; alt. 892 m; 18 May. 2015; D. Kato leg.; BLKU. • 1 ♂; Hokkaido, Chitose, Komukara-toge, small stream;
<geoCoordinate degrees="42.837" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="55" value="42.837">42.837°N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="141.7505" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="141.7505">141.7505°E</geoCoordinate>
; alt. 55 m; 14 Jun. 2015 - 27 Jun. 2015; N. Kuhara leg.; Malaise-trap; EUMJ. • 1 ♂; Hokkaido, Kamikawa, Aizankei;
<geoCoordinate degrees="43.73521" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="43.73521">43.73521°N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="142.7923" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="142.7923">142.7923°E</geoCoordinate>
; alt. 762 m; 25 Aug. 2015; M. Kato leg.; CYI. • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; Hokkaido, Sapporo, Minami-ku, Jozankei, trail of Mt. Sapporo;
<geoCoordinate degrees="42.92392" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="42.92392">42.92392°N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="141.17688" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="141.17688">141.17688°E</geoCoordinate>
; alt. 450-860 m; 23 Jun. 2014; D. Kato leg.; BLKU. • 1 ♀; Iwate, Hachimantai, Matsuoyoriki;
<geoCoordinate degrees="39.89958" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="39.89958">39.89958°N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="140.89155" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="140.89156">140.89155°E</geoCoordinate>
; alt. 1200 m; larva collected: 14 Jun. 2014, emerged: 4 Jul. 2014; Y. Imada leg.; CYI. • 2 ♂; Iwate, Hachimantai, Toshiti Spa;
<geoCoordinate degrees="39.94253" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="39.94253">39.94253°N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="140.86804" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="140.86804">140.86804°E</geoCoordinate>
; alt. 1344 m; 3 Aug. 2013; • 4 ♂; same locality; 15 Jul. 2014; • 1 ♀; same locality; 5 Aug. 2014; D. Kato leg.; BLKU. • 1 ♂; Kyoto, Kyoto, Kibune;
<geoCoordinate degrees="35.13681" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="35.13681">35.13681°N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="135.76622" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="135.76622">135.76622°E</geoCoordinate>
; alt. 458 m; larva collected: 3 Apr. 2016, emerged: 1 May. 2016; • 1 ♀; same locality; larva collected: 13 May. 2016, emerged: 20 May. 2016; Y. Imada leg.; CYI. • 1 ♂; Nagano, Ichiromata, Mt. Jonen;
<geoCoordinate degrees="36.3" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5555" value="36.3">36.3°N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="137.76" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="555" value="137.76">137.76°E</geoCoordinate>
; 27 Jul. 1951; Inoue leg.; USNM. • 1 ♂; Nagano, Iida, Jabora-rindo;
<geoCoordinate degrees="35.44865" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="35.44865">35.44865°N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="138.00905" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="138.00905">138.00905°E</geoCoordinate>
; alt. 1337 m; larva collected: 27 Apr. 2014, emerged: 6 May. 2014; M. Kato leg.; CYI. • 1 ♂; Nagano, Iida, Shirabiso-touge;
<geoCoordinate degrees="35.43801" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="35.43801">35.43801°N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="138.03053" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="138.03053">138.03053°E</geoCoordinate>
; alt. 1830 m; larva collected: 19 Oct. 2015, emerged: 18 Dec. 2015; Y. Imada leg.; CYI. • 1 ♀; Nagano, Sakae, Akiyama-gou;
<geoCoordinate degrees="36.85447" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="36.85447">36.85447°N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="138.64803" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="138.64803">138.64803°E</geoCoordinate>
; alt. 1125 m; larva collected: 3 May. 2015, emerged: 14 Apr. 2015; Y. Imada leg.; CYI. • 1 ♀; Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Tsudono;
<geoCoordinate degrees="35.08929" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="35.08929">35.08929°N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="138.35618" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="138.35619">138.35618°E</geoCoordinate>
; alt. 175 m; 3 May. 2015; M. Kato leg.; CYI. • 1 ♂; Tokushima, Naka, Mt. Takashiro, Kisawamura;
<geoCoordinate degrees="33.90468" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="33.90468">33.90468°N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="134.23315" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="134.23315">134.23315°E</geoCoordinate>
; alt. 1300 m; 16 May. 2016; M. Kato leg.; CYI. • 1 ♂; Tokushima, Yamagata, Yonezawa, Shirabu-onsen;
<geoCoordinate degrees="37.77646" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="37.77646">37.77646°N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="140.11964" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="140.11964">140.11964°E</geoCoordinate>
; alt. 888 m; larva collected: 19 Oct. 2013, emerged: 25 Apr. 2014; M. Kato leg.; CYI. • 1 ♀; Yamanashi, Koshu, Enzankamihagihara, Kaminichikawa Pass;
<geoCoordinate degrees="35.7316" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="35.7316">35.7316°N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="138.8321" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="138.8321">138.8321°E</geoCoordinate>
; alt. 1580 m; 8 Jul. 2014; D. Kato leg.; BLKU.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="13" type="redescription">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Redescription.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Head.</emphasis>
Black with greyish pubescence (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="F19" captionText="Figure 19. Liogma brevipecten Alexander, 1932 A habitus of male, lateral view (colouration of wings is artefact) B head and thorax, lateral view C head and thorax, dorsal view D antenna of male E head of female, lateral view F female terminalia lateral view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1083.75624.figure19" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/637492" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">19B-E</figureCitation>
). Rostrum short without nasus, but with patch of hairs (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="F19" captionText="Figure 19. Liogma brevipecten Alexander, 1932 A habitus of male, lateral view (colouration of wings is artefact) B head and thorax, lateral view C head and thorax, dorsal view D antenna of male E head of female, lateral view F female terminalia lateral view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1083.75624.figure19" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/637492" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">19B, E</figureCitation>
); rostrum and mouthparts dark brown to black. Palpus pale brown to black, five segmented; first two segments always darker (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="F19" captionText="Figure 19. Liogma brevipecten Alexander, 1932 A habitus of male, lateral view (colouration of wings is artefact) B head and thorax, lateral view C head and thorax, dorsal view D antenna of male E head of female, lateral view F female terminalia lateral view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1083.75624.figure19" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/637492" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">19E, D</figureCitation>
); last segment 1.3-1.5
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
longer than penultimate. Scape cylindrical, 2
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
as long as pedicel, and usually darker than pedicel; pedicel ovate; flagellum 14 segmented, gradually darkening to tip (Figs
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Antennae A Cylindrotoma distinctissima (Meigen, 1818) B Diogma caudata Takahashi, 1960 C Diogma glabrata (Meigen, 1818) D Liogma mikado (Alexander, 1919) E Liogma brevipecten Alexander, 1932 F Liogma serraticornis Alexander, 1919 G Triogma kuwanai (Alexander, 1913). Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1083.75624.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/637477" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">4E</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="F19" captionText="Figure 19. Liogma brevipecten Alexander, 1932 A habitus of male, lateral view (colouration of wings is artefact) B head and thorax, lateral view C head and thorax, dorsal view D antenna of male E head of female, lateral view F female terminalia lateral view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1083.75624.figure19" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/637492" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">19D, E</figureCitation>
); flagellomeres expanded ventrally in both sexes, more prominent in male (Figs
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Antennae A Cylindrotoma distinctissima (Meigen, 1818) B Diogma caudata Takahashi, 1960 C Diogma glabrata (Meigen, 1818) D Liogma mikado (Alexander, 1919) E Liogma brevipecten Alexander, 1932 F Liogma serraticornis Alexander, 1919 G Triogma kuwanai (Alexander, 1913). Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1083.75624.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/637477" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">4E</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="F19" captionText="Figure 19. Liogma brevipecten Alexander, 1932 A habitus of male, lateral view (colouration of wings is artefact) B head and thorax, lateral view C head and thorax, dorsal view D antenna of male E head of female, lateral view F female terminalia lateral view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1083.75624.figure19" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/637492" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">19D</figureCitation>
); only flagellomeres 2 or 3-9 extended evidently ventrally in female (Figs
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Antennae A Cylindrotoma distinctissima (Meigen, 1818) B Diogma caudata Takahashi, 1960 C Diogma glabrata (Meigen, 1818) D Liogma mikado (Alexander, 1919) E Liogma brevipecten Alexander, 1932 F Liogma serraticornis Alexander, 1919 G Triogma kuwanai (Alexander, 1913). Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1083.75624.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/637477" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">4E</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="F19" captionText="Figure 19. Liogma brevipecten Alexander, 1932 A habitus of male, lateral view (colouration of wings is artefact) B head and thorax, lateral view C head and thorax, dorsal view D antenna of male E head of female, lateral view F female terminalia lateral view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1083.75624.figure19" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/637492" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">19E</figureCitation>
), remaining segments elongated; last flagellomere cylindrical in both sexes; extended flagellomeres covered with dense whitish sensilla, denser on ventral side; six verticels on each flagellomere, two long verticels on dorsal surface, two verticels in lateral surface, two shorter on ventral side; first flagellomeres always bearing additional 2-4 verticels; second to sixth flagellomeres sometimes with additional one or two shorter verticels on dorsal surface.
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1083.75624.figure19" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/637492" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" start="Figure 19" startId="F19">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Figure 19.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Alexander" authorityYear="1932" class="Insecta" family="Cylindrotomidae" genus="Liogma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Liogma brevipecten" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevipecten">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Liogma brevipecten</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Alexander, 1932
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">A</emphasis>
habitus of male, lateral view (colouration of wings is artefact)
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">B</emphasis>
head and thorax, lateral view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">C</emphasis>
head and thorax, dorsal view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">D</emphasis>
antenna of male
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">E</emphasis>
head of female, lateral view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">F</emphasis>
female terminalia lateral view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Thorax.</emphasis>
Uniformly black with weak greyish pruinosity, except pleural area, base of wing, and halter which yellowish especially in living specimens (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="F19" captionText="Figure 19. Liogma brevipecten Alexander, 1932 A habitus of male, lateral view (colouration of wings is artefact) B head and thorax, lateral view C head and thorax, dorsal view D antenna of male E head of female, lateral view F female terminalia lateral view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1083.75624.figure19" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/637492" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">19B</figureCitation>
). Scatter pale short hairs on mesonotum present, forming two lines. Anterior 1/3-1/2 of mediotergite and anterior half of pleurotergite with creases and rugoses (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="F19" captionText="Figure 19. Liogma brevipecten Alexander, 1932 A habitus of male, lateral view (colouration of wings is artefact) B head and thorax, lateral view C head and thorax, dorsal view D antenna of male E head of female, lateral view F female terminalia lateral view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1083.75624.figure19" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/637492" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">19B</figureCitation>
). Trochanter yellow; femur gradually darkening apically, basal part yellowish, apically dark brown; tibia brown to dark brown; tarsus uniformly brown to black (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="F19" captionText="Figure 19. Liogma brevipecten Alexander, 1932 A habitus of male, lateral view (colouration of wings is artefact) B head and thorax, lateral view C head and thorax, dorsal view D antenna of male E head of female, lateral view F female terminalia lateral view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1083.75624.figure19" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/637492" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">19A</figureCitation>
). Wing pale, tinged with brown; pterostigma brown, well defined; veins brown; three branches of M reaching wing margin; M1 at same level as M1+2, cell a2 less than 6
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
longer than wide (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Wing A Cylindrotoma distinctissima (Meigen, 1818) B Diogma caudata Takahashi, 1960 C Diogma glabrata (Meigen, 1818) D Liogma mikado (Alexander, 1919) E Liogma brevipecten Alexander, 1932 F Liogma serraticornis Alexander, 1919 G Triogma kuwanai (Alexander, 1913) of &quot; Triogma kuwanai &quot; form H Triogma kuwanai (Alexander, 1913) of &quot; Triogma limbinervis &quot; form." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1083.75624.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/637478" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">5E</figureCitation>
); membrane with interference patterns, visible with dark background (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="F19" captionText="Figure 19. Liogma brevipecten Alexander, 1932 A habitus of male, lateral view (colouration of wings is artefact) B head and thorax, lateral view C head and thorax, dorsal view D antenna of male E head of female, lateral view F female terminalia lateral view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1083.75624.figure19" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/637492" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">19A</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Abdomen.</emphasis>
Dark brown to black (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="F19" captionText="Figure 19. Liogma brevipecten Alexander, 1932 A habitus of male, lateral view (colouration of wings is artefact) B head and thorax, lateral view C head and thorax, dorsal view D antenna of male E head of female, lateral view F female terminalia lateral view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1083.75624.figure19" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/637492" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">19A</figureCitation>
). Pleura yellowish especially in females and living specimen.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Male terminalia</emphasis>
: Uniformly dark brown to black, relatively small, directed caudally (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="F19" captionText="Figure 19. Liogma brevipecten Alexander, 1932 A habitus of male, lateral view (colouration of wings is artefact) B head and thorax, lateral view C head and thorax, dorsal view D antenna of male E head of female, lateral view F female terminalia lateral view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1083.75624.figure19" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/637492" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">19A</figureCitation>
). Tergite 9 fused with gonocoxite (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 20" captionStartId="F20" captionText="Figure 20. Male genital structures of Liogma brevipecten Alexander, 1932 A terminalia, dorsal view B terminalia, ventral view C terminalia, lateral view D aedeagus complex, dorsal view E aedeagus complex, ventral view F aedeagus complex, lateral view G tip of the aedeagus. Abbreviations: ib - interbase; ibml - interbase median lobe." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1083.75624.figure20" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/637493" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">20C</figureCitation>
); caudal margin straight, without prominent outgrowth, only a small lateral lobe present at lateral corner (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 20" captionStartId="F20" captionText="Figure 20. Male genital structures of Liogma brevipecten Alexander, 1932 A terminalia, dorsal view B terminalia, ventral view C terminalia, lateral view D aedeagus complex, dorsal view E aedeagus complex, ventral view F aedeagus complex, lateral view G tip of the aedeagus. Abbreviations: ib - interbase; ibml - interbase median lobe." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1083.75624.figure20" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/637493" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">20A, C</figureCitation>
). Sternite 9 membranous (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 20" captionStartId="F20" captionText="Figure 20. Male genital structures of Liogma brevipecten Alexander, 1932 A terminalia, dorsal view B terminalia, ventral view C terminalia, lateral view D aedeagus complex, dorsal view E aedeagus complex, ventral view F aedeagus complex, lateral view G tip of the aedeagus. Abbreviations: ib - interbase; ibml - interbase median lobe." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1083.75624.figure20" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/637493" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">20B</figureCitation>
). Gonocoxite large, 1.5-1.6
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
longer than tergite 9, with long ventral lobe (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 20" captionStartId="F20" captionText="Figure 20. Male genital structures of Liogma brevipecten Alexander, 1932 A terminalia, dorsal view B terminalia, ventral view C terminalia, lateral view D aedeagus complex, dorsal view E aedeagus complex, ventral view F aedeagus complex, lateral view G tip of the aedeagus. Abbreviations: ib - interbase; ibml - interbase median lobe." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1083.75624.figure20" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/637493" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">20B, C</figureCitation>
); inner surface of gonocoxite simple, without lobe (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 20" captionStartId="F20" captionText="Figure 20. Male genital structures of Liogma brevipecten Alexander, 1932 A terminalia, dorsal view B terminalia, ventral view C terminalia, lateral view D aedeagus complex, dorsal view E aedeagus complex, ventral view F aedeagus complex, lateral view G tip of the aedeagus. Abbreviations: ib - interbase; ibml - interbase median lobe." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1083.75624.figure20" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/637493" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">20A</figureCitation>
). Gonostylus simple, tapering to distal end. Aedeagal complex large, 1.2-1.3
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
longer than gonocoxite (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 20" captionStartId="F20" captionText="Figure 20. Male genital structures of Liogma brevipecten Alexander, 1932 A terminalia, dorsal view B terminalia, ventral view C terminalia, lateral view D aedeagus complex, dorsal view E aedeagus complex, ventral view F aedeagus complex, lateral view G tip of the aedeagus. Abbreviations: ib - interbase; ibml - interbase median lobe." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1083.75624.figure20" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/637493" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">20D-F</figureCitation>
); ejaculator apodeme and sperm pump large, together 1/2
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
length of aedeagal complex, not covered by parameres in lateral view (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 20" captionStartId="F20" captionText="Figure 20. Male genital structures of Liogma brevipecten Alexander, 1932 A terminalia, dorsal view B terminalia, ventral view C terminalia, lateral view D aedeagus complex, dorsal view E aedeagus complex, ventral view F aedeagus complex, lateral view G tip of the aedeagus. Abbreviations: ib - interbase; ibml - interbase median lobe." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1083.75624.figure20" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/637493" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">20F</figureCitation>
); tip of interbase finger-like, with round lobe dorsally in lateral view (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 20" captionStartId="F20" captionText="Figure 20. Male genital structures of Liogma brevipecten Alexander, 1932 A terminalia, dorsal view B terminalia, ventral view C terminalia, lateral view D aedeagus complex, dorsal view E aedeagus complex, ventral view F aedeagus complex, lateral view G tip of the aedeagus. Abbreviations: ib - interbase; ibml - interbase median lobe." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1083.75624.figure20" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/637493" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">20F</figureCitation>
); interbase wide and rounded in dorsal view (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 20" captionStartId="F20" captionText="Figure 20. Male genital structures of Liogma brevipecten Alexander, 1932 A terminalia, dorsal view B terminalia, ventral view C terminalia, lateral view D aedeagus complex, dorsal view E aedeagus complex, ventral view F aedeagus complex, lateral view G tip of the aedeagus. Abbreviations: ib - interbase; ibml - interbase median lobe." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1083.75624.figure20" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/637493" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">20D</figureCitation>
); dorsal lobe between interbases globular, membranous (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 20" captionStartId="F20" captionText="Figure 20. Male genital structures of Liogma brevipecten Alexander, 1932 A terminalia, dorsal view B terminalia, ventral view C terminalia, lateral view D aedeagus complex, dorsal view E aedeagus complex, ventral view F aedeagus complex, lateral view G tip of the aedeagus. Abbreviations: ib - interbase; ibml - interbase median lobe." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1083.75624.figure20" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/637493" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">20D, F</figureCitation>
); aedeagus trifid, median branch slightly longer (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 20" captionStartId="F20" captionText="Figure 20. Male genital structures of Liogma brevipecten Alexander, 1932 A terminalia, dorsal view B terminalia, ventral view C terminalia, lateral view D aedeagus complex, dorsal view E aedeagus complex, ventral view F aedeagus complex, lateral view G tip of the aedeagus. Abbreviations: ib - interbase; ibml - interbase median lobe." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1083.75624.figure20" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/637493" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">20G</figureCitation>
); sperm ducts branching from elongated portion of sperm pump, branching area dark (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 20" captionStartId="F20" captionText="Figure 20. Male genital structures of Liogma brevipecten Alexander, 1932 A terminalia, dorsal view B terminalia, ventral view C terminalia, lateral view D aedeagus complex, dorsal view E aedeagus complex, ventral view F aedeagus complex, lateral view G tip of the aedeagus. Abbreviations: ib - interbase; ibml - interbase median lobe." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1083.75624.figure20" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/637493" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">20F</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1083.75624.figure20" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/637493" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" start="Figure 20" startId="F20">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Figure 20.</emphasis>
Male genital structures of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Alexander" authorityYear="1932" class="Insecta" family="Cylindrotomidae" genus="Liogma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Liogma brevipecten" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevipecten">Liogma brevipecten</taxonomicName>
Alexander, 1932
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">A</emphasis>
terminalia, dorsal view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">B</emphasis>
terminalia, ventral view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">C</emphasis>
terminalia, lateral view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">D</emphasis>
aedeagus complex, dorsal view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">E</emphasis>
aedeagus complex, ventral view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">F</emphasis>
aedeagus complex, lateral view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">G</emphasis>
tip of the aedeagus. Abbreviations: ib - interbase; ibml - interbase median lobe.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Female terminalia</emphasis>
: Brown to black, end of cercus and hypogynial valve yellowish (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="F19" captionText="Figure 19. Liogma brevipecten Alexander, 1932 A habitus of male, lateral view (colouration of wings is artefact) B head and thorax, lateral view C head and thorax, dorsal view D antenna of male E head of female, lateral view F female terminalia lateral view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1083.75624.figure19" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/637492" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">19F</figureCitation>
). Tergite 8 three times larger than tergite 9 (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="F21" captionText="Figure 21. Female genital structures of Liogma brevipecten Alexander, 1932 A aerminalia, dorsal view B terminalia, lateral view C sternite 8, hypogynial valve, genital fork, and sperm ducts, inner dorsal view D spermathecae." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1083.75624.figure21" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/637494" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">21B</figureCitation>
), not divided medially (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="F21" captionText="Figure 21. Female genital structures of Liogma brevipecten Alexander, 1932 A aerminalia, dorsal view B terminalia, lateral view C sternite 8, hypogynial valve, genital fork, and sperm ducts, inner dorsal view D spermathecae." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1083.75624.figure21" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/637494" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">21A</figureCitation>
). Tergite 9 narrow band-shaped in lateral view (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="F21" captionText="Figure 21. Female genital structures of Liogma brevipecten Alexander, 1932 A aerminalia, dorsal view B terminalia, lateral view C sternite 8, hypogynial valve, genital fork, and sperm ducts, inner dorsal view D spermathecae." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1083.75624.figure21" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/637494" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">21B</figureCitation>
). Triangular sclerite relatively large, 1/4
<normalizedToken originalValue="×length">xlength</normalizedToken>
of tergite 10; sclerite separated from tip of tergite 10; lateral lobe of tergite 10 medium sized, with few long hairs (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="F21" captionText="Figure 21. Female genital structures of Liogma brevipecten Alexander, 1932 A aerminalia, dorsal view B terminalia, lateral view C sternite 8, hypogynial valve, genital fork, and sperm ducts, inner dorsal view D spermathecae." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1083.75624.figure21" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/637494" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">21A, B</figureCitation>
). Cercus and hypogynial valve broad, blade-like, tips rounded (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="F21" captionText="Figure 21. Female genital structures of Liogma brevipecten Alexander, 1932 A aerminalia, dorsal view B terminalia, lateral view C sternite 8, hypogynial valve, genital fork, and sperm ducts, inner dorsal view D spermathecae." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1083.75624.figure21" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/637494" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">21B</figureCitation>
). Cercus on dorsal surface close to apical end with small notch; area before notch rough, with short and dense setae, and with few short sharp teeth (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="F21" captionText="Figure 21. Female genital structures of Liogma brevipecten Alexander, 1932 A aerminalia, dorsal view B terminalia, lateral view C sternite 8, hypogynial valve, genital fork, and sperm ducts, inner dorsal view D spermathecae." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1083.75624.figure21" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/637494" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">21A, B</figureCitation>
); ventral margin of cercus before mid-length with notch (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="F21" captionText="Figure 21. Female genital structures of Liogma brevipecten Alexander, 1932 A aerminalia, dorsal view B terminalia, lateral view C sternite 8, hypogynial valve, genital fork, and sperm ducts, inner dorsal view D spermathecae." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1083.75624.figure21" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/637494" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">21B</figureCitation>
). Common spermathecal duct present after genital opening; sperm ducts extended, inner wall rugose (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="F21" captionText="Figure 21. Female genital structures of Liogma brevipecten Alexander, 1932 A aerminalia, dorsal view B terminalia, lateral view C sternite 8, hypogynial valve, genital fork, and sperm ducts, inner dorsal view D spermathecae." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1083.75624.figure21" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/637494" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">21C</figureCitation>
); three spermathecae laterally elongated, base of duct wide, curved, suddenly tapering suddenly (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="F21" captionText="Figure 21. Female genital structures of Liogma brevipecten Alexander, 1932 A aerminalia, dorsal view B terminalia, lateral view C sternite 8, hypogynial valve, genital fork, and sperm ducts, inner dorsal view D spermathecae." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1083.75624.figure21" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/637494" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">21D</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1083.75624.figure21" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/637494" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" start="Figure 21" startId="F21">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Figure 21.</emphasis>
Female genital structures of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Alexander" authorityYear="1932" class="Insecta" family="Cylindrotomidae" genus="Liogma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Liogma brevipecten" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevipecten">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Liogma brevipecten</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Alexander, 1932
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">A</emphasis>
aerminalia, dorsal view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">B</emphasis>
terminalia, lateral view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">C</emphasis>
sternite 8, hypogynial valve, genital fork, and sperm ducts, inner dorsal view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">D</emphasis>
spermathecae.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Distribution.</emphasis>
Japan (Honshu I and Kyushu I) and Russia (Far East: Sakhalin Oblast) (
<bibRefCitation author="Oosterbroek, P" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin de la Societe Neuchateloise des Sciences Naturelles" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" publicationUrl="https://ccw.naturalis.nl/index.php" refId="B39" refString="Oosterbroek, P, 2021. Catalogue of the Crane flies of the World (Insecta, Diptera, Nematocera, Tipuloidea). https://ccw.naturalis.nl/index.php" title="Catalogue of the Crane flies of the World (Insecta, Diptera, Nematocera, Tipuloidea)." url="https://ccw.naturalis.nl/index.php" year="2021">Oosterbroek 2021</bibRefCitation>
). First records from Japan: Hokkaido I and Shikoku I (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 22" captionStartId="F22" captionText="Figure 22. Occurrence data in Japan and surrounding areas of A Liogma brevipecten Alexander, 1932 B Liogma mikado (Alexander, 1919). Red dots indicate locations of investigated specimens, white dots indicate approximate locations of literature data." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1083.75624.figure22" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/637495" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">22A</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1083.75624.figure22" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/637495" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" start="Figure 22" startId="F22">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Figure 22.</emphasis>
Occurrence data in Japan and surrounding areas of
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">A</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Alexander" authorityYear="1932" class="Insecta" family="Cylindrotomidae" genus="Liogma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Liogma brevipecten" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevipecten">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Liogma brevipecten</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Alexander, 1932
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">B</emphasis>
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Alexander" baseAuthorityYear="1919" class="Insecta" family="Cylindrotomidae" genus="Liogma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Liogma mikado" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mikado">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Liogma mikado</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Alexander, 1919). Red dots indicate locations of investigated specimens, white dots indicate approximate locations of literature data.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="13" type="comments">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Comments.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
This species differs from the closely related
<taxonomicName authorityName="Alexander" authorityYear="1919" class="Insecta" family="Cylindrotomidae" genus="Liogma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Liogma serraticornis" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="serraticornis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Liogma serraticornis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in details of the antennae, male and female terminalia, and colouration, though these are slight. Both sexes of this species can be separated from
<taxonomicName lsidName="L. serraticornis" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="species" species="serraticornis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">L. serraticornis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
based upon the first flagellomere length. It is always longer than the second flagellomere in
<taxonomicName lsidName="L. serraticornis" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="species" species="serraticornis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">L. serraticornis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Antennae A Cylindrotoma distinctissima (Meigen, 1818) B Diogma caudata Takahashi, 1960 C Diogma glabrata (Meigen, 1818) D Liogma mikado (Alexander, 1919) E Liogma brevipecten Alexander, 1932 F Liogma serraticornis Alexander, 1919 G Triogma kuwanai (Alexander, 1913). Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1083.75624.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/637477" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">4F</figureCitation>
) and similar size in
<taxonomicName lsidName="L. brevipecten" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="species" species="brevipecten">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">L. brevipecten</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Antennae A Cylindrotoma distinctissima (Meigen, 1818) B Diogma caudata Takahashi, 1960 C Diogma glabrata (Meigen, 1818) D Liogma mikado (Alexander, 1919) E Liogma brevipecten Alexander, 1932 F Liogma serraticornis Alexander, 1919 G Triogma kuwanai (Alexander, 1913). Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1083.75624.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/637477" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">4E</figureCitation>
). The ventral extensions of the flagellomeres of male
<taxonomicName lsidName="L. brevipecten" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="species" species="brevipecten">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">L. brevipecten</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are relatively short and shout (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Antennae A Cylindrotoma distinctissima (Meigen, 1818) B Diogma caudata Takahashi, 1960 C Diogma glabrata (Meigen, 1818) D Liogma mikado (Alexander, 1919) E Liogma brevipecten Alexander, 1932 F Liogma serraticornis Alexander, 1919 G Triogma kuwanai (Alexander, 1913). Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1083.75624.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/637477" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">4E</figureCitation>
), while
<taxonomicName lsidName="L. serraticornis" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="species" species="serraticornis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">L. serraticornis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has more elongated flagellomeres (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Antennae A Cylindrotoma distinctissima (Meigen, 1818) B Diogma caudata Takahashi, 1960 C Diogma glabrata (Meigen, 1818) D Liogma mikado (Alexander, 1919) E Liogma brevipecten Alexander, 1932 F Liogma serraticornis Alexander, 1919 G Triogma kuwanai (Alexander, 1913). Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1083.75624.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/637477" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">4F</figureCitation>
). The
<normalizedToken originalValue="pedicels">pedicel's</normalizedToken>
colouration and wing venation characters mentioned by
<bibRefCitation author="Takahashi, M" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the Shikoku Entomological Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" pagination="81 - 91" refId="B62" refString="Takahashi, M, 1960. A revision of Japanese Cylindrotominae (Diptera, Tipulidae). Transactions of the Shikoku Entomological Society 6: 81 - 91" title="A revision of Japanese Cylindrotominae (Diptera, Tipulidae)." volume="6" year="1960">Takahashi (1960)</bibRefCitation>
were not useful for species separation here because these characters show high variability levels. The two species differ in details of male and female terminalia: the ventral lobe of the gonocoxite has several pale spine-like setae in
<taxonomicName lsidName="L. serraticornis" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="species" species="serraticornis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">L. serraticornis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 29" captionStartId="F29" captionText="Figure 29. Male genital structures of Liogma serraticornis Alexander, 1919 A terminalia, dorsal view B Terminalia, ventral view C terminalia, lateral view D aedeagus complex, dorsal view E aedeagus complex, ventral view F aedeagus complex, lateral view G tip of the aedeagus." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1083.75624.figure29" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/637502" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">29B, C</figureCitation>
), whereas
<taxonomicName lsidName="L. brevipecten" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="species" species="brevipecten">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">L. brevipecten</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is without these spine-like setae (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 20" captionStartId="F20" captionText="Figure 20. Male genital structures of Liogma brevipecten Alexander, 1932 A terminalia, dorsal view B terminalia, ventral view C terminalia, lateral view D aedeagus complex, dorsal view E aedeagus complex, ventral view F aedeagus complex, lateral view G tip of the aedeagus. Abbreviations: ib - interbase; ibml - interbase median lobe." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1083.75624.figure20" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/637493" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">20B, C</figureCitation>
); the middle branch of the aedeagus is longer than the lateral ones in
<taxonomicName lsidName="L. brevipecten" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="species" species="brevipecten">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">L. brevipecten</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 20" captionStartId="F20" captionText="Figure 20. Male genital structures of Liogma brevipecten Alexander, 1932 A terminalia, dorsal view B terminalia, ventral view C terminalia, lateral view D aedeagus complex, dorsal view E aedeagus complex, ventral view F aedeagus complex, lateral view G tip of the aedeagus. Abbreviations: ib - interbase; ibml - interbase median lobe." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1083.75624.figure20" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/637493" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">20G</figureCitation>
) but shorter than the lateral branches in
<taxonomicName lsidName="L. serraticornis" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="species" species="serraticornis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">L. serraticornis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 29" captionStartId="F29" captionText="Figure 29. Male genital structures of Liogma serraticornis Alexander, 1919 A terminalia, dorsal view B Terminalia, ventral view C terminalia, lateral view D aedeagus complex, dorsal view E aedeagus complex, ventral view F aedeagus complex, lateral view G tip of the aedeagus." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1083.75624.figure29" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/637502" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">29G</figureCitation>
). The female terminalia of
<taxonomicName lsidName="L. brevipecten" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="species" species="brevipecten">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">L. brevipecten</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is narrow and long in dorsal view (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="F21" captionText="Figure 21. Female genital structures of Liogma brevipecten Alexander, 1932 A aerminalia, dorsal view B terminalia, lateral view C sternite 8, hypogynial valve, genital fork, and sperm ducts, inner dorsal view D spermathecae." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1083.75624.figure21" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/637494" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">21C</figureCitation>
), but widens ventrally in
<taxonomicName lsidName="L. serraticornis" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="species" species="serraticornis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">L. serraticornis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 30" captionStartId="F30" captionText="Figure 30. Female genital structures of Liogma serraticornis Alexander, 1919 A terminalia, dorsal view B terminalia, lateral view C sternite 8, hypogynial valve, genital fork, and sperm ducts, inner dorsal view D spermathecae." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1083.75624.figure30" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/637503" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">30C</figureCitation>
). In
<taxonomicName lsidName="L. serraticornis" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="species" species="serraticornis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">L. serraticornis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the lateral lobes of tergite 10 are 2
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
longer than wide (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 30" captionStartId="F30" captionText="Figure 30. Female genital structures of Liogma serraticornis Alexander, 1919 A terminalia, dorsal view B terminalia, lateral view C sternite 8, hypogynial valve, genital fork, and sperm ducts, inner dorsal view D spermathecae." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1083.75624.figure30" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/637503" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">30B</figureCitation>
), but only as long as wide in
<taxonomicName lsidName="L. brevipecten" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="species" species="brevipecten">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">L. brevipecten</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="F21" captionText="Figure 21. Female genital structures of Liogma brevipecten Alexander, 1932 A aerminalia, dorsal view B terminalia, lateral view C sternite 8, hypogynial valve, genital fork, and sperm ducts, inner dorsal view D spermathecae." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1083.75624.figure21" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/637494" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">21B</figureCitation>
). Inner genital structures also show differences among the species in the spermathecae shapes (see Figs
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="F21" captionText="Figure 21. Female genital structures of Liogma brevipecten Alexander, 1932 A aerminalia, dorsal view B terminalia, lateral view C sternite 8, hypogynial valve, genital fork, and sperm ducts, inner dorsal view D spermathecae." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1083.75624.figure21" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/637494" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">21D</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 30" captionStartId="F30" captionText="Figure 30. Female genital structures of Liogma serraticornis Alexander, 1919 A terminalia, dorsal view B terminalia, lateral view C sternite 8, hypogynial valve, genital fork, and sperm ducts, inner dorsal view D spermathecae." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1083.75624.figure30" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/637503" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">30D</figureCitation>
) and sperm ducts. The base of the sperm duct is readily discernible in
<taxonomicName lsidName="L. brevipecten" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="species" species="brevipecten">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">L. brevipecten</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="F21" captionText="Figure 21. Female genital structures of Liogma brevipecten Alexander, 1932 A aerminalia, dorsal view B terminalia, lateral view C sternite 8, hypogynial valve, genital fork, and sperm ducts, inner dorsal view D spermathecae." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1083.75624.figure21" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/637494" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">21C</figureCitation>
), while it is short or very poorly discernible in
<taxonomicName lsidName="L. serraticornis" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="species" species="serraticornis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">L. serraticornis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 30" captionStartId="F30" captionText="Figure 30. Female genital structures of Liogma serraticornis Alexander, 1919 A terminalia, dorsal view B terminalia, lateral view C sternite 8, hypogynial valve, genital fork, and sperm ducts, inner dorsal view D spermathecae." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1083.75624.figure30" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/637503" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">30C</figureCitation>
); and the sperm ducts house three inflated areas the shape of golf tees in
<taxonomicName lsidName="L. serraticornis" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="species" species="serraticornis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">L. serraticornis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 30" captionStartId="F30" captionText="Figure 30. Female genital structures of Liogma serraticornis Alexander, 1919 A terminalia, dorsal view B terminalia, lateral view C sternite 8, hypogynial valve, genital fork, and sperm ducts, inner dorsal view D spermathecae." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1083.75624.figure30" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/637503" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">30C</figureCitation>
), but these are much less well developed in
<taxonomicName lsidName="L. brevipecten" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="species" species="brevipecten">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">L. brevipecten</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="F21" captionText="Figure 21. Female genital structures of Liogma brevipecten Alexander, 1932 A aerminalia, dorsal view B terminalia, lateral view C sternite 8, hypogynial valve, genital fork, and sperm ducts, inner dorsal view D spermathecae." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1083.75624.figure21" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/637494" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">21C</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>