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Genus 
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species: 
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<emphasis id="D492EA88FF99F419FEAAFEFFFE4D97F0" box="[309,500,369,395]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="50">Hirtea fulvicollis</emphasis>
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(designated by 
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).
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= 
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<emphasis id="D492EA88FF99F419FF2DFE1BFE9397CB" box="[178,298,406,432]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="50">Protomyia</emphasis>
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. 
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species: 
<taxonomicName id="21E64D19FF99F419FD13FE1BFB8197D4" authority="Heer, 1849: 232" authorityName="Heer" authorityPageNumber="232" authorityYear="1849" box="[652,1080,405,432]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Protomyia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lygaeoides">
<emphasis id="D492EA88FF99F419FD13FE1BFC3997D4" box="[652,896,405,431]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="50">Protomyia lygaeoides</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="82774B6BFF99F419FC19FE1BFB8197D4" author="Heer, O." box="[902,1080,405,432]" pageId="2" pageNumber="50" refId="ref11036" refString="Heer, O. (1849) Die Insektenfauna der Tertiargebilde von Oeningen und von Radoboj in Croatien. Zweite Theil: Heuschrecken, Florfliegen, Aderflugler, Schmetterlinge und Fliegen. W. Engelmann, Leipzig, iv + 264 pp." type="book" year="1849">Heer, 1849: 232</bibRefCitation>
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(designated by 
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<bibRefCitation id="82774B6BFF99F419FB77FE18FF7C97A8" author="Carpenter, F. M." pageId="2" pageNumber="50" pagination="279 - 655" refId="ref9447" refString="Carpenter, F. M. (1992) Vol. 4. Superclass Hexapoda. In: Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology. Part R. Arthropoda 4. Vol. 2. Geological Society of America, Boulder, Colorado &amp; University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, pp. 279 - 655." type="book chapter" year="1992">Carpenter 1992: 414</bibRefCitation>
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), [study of 
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by Skartveit &amp; Nel 2017]
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.
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= 
<treatmentCitation id="6747108BFF99F419FF39FE50FE88978C" box="[166,305,477,503]" pageId="2" pageNumber="50">Rhinoplecia</treatmentCitation>
</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="82774B6BFF99F419FEA7FE50FDBF978C" author="Bellardi, L." box="[312,518,477,504]" pageId="2" pageNumber="50" pagination="1 - 18" refId="ref8918" refString="Bellardi, L. (1859) Saggio di ditterologia messicana. Appendice. Memoire della Reale Accademia delle Scienze di Torino, Serie 2, 21, 1 - 18, pl. 1." type="journal article" year="1859">Bellardi, 1859: 16</bibRefCitation>
. 
<typeStatus id="395D8838FF99F419FD8EFE53FDF09783" box="[529,585,478,504]" pageId="2" pageNumber="50">Type</typeStatus>
species: 
<emphasis id="D492EA88FF99F419FD30FE53FC9E978C" box="[687,807,478,503]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="50">R. rostrata</emphasis>
Bellardi (mon.)
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.
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<emphasis id="D492EA88FF99F419FF08FD8CFF1F9460" box="[151,166,513,539]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="50">=</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="6747108BFF99F419FF38FD8CFE4B9460" author="Philippi, R. A." box="[167,498,513,540]" page="639" pageId="2" pageNumber="50" year="1865">
<taxonomicName id="21E64D19FF99F419FF38FD8CFE4B9460" authority="Philippi, 1865: 639" authorityName="Philippi" authorityPageNumber="639" authorityYear="1865" box="[167,498,513,540]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Penthera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D492EA88FF99F419FF38FD8CFEA89460" box="[167,273,513,539]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="50">Penthera</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="82774B6BFF99F419FE87FD8CFE4B9460" author="Philippi, R. A." box="[280,498,513,540]" pageId="2" pageNumber="50" pagination="595 - 782" refId="ref11992" refString="Philippi, R. A. (1865) Aufza ¨ hlung der chilenischen Dipteren. Verhandlungen der k. - k. Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien. Verhandlungen der Zoologisches-botanisches Gesellschaft Wien, 15, 595 - 782, pls. xxiii-xxix." type="journal article" year="1865">Philippi, 1865: 639</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
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. 
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species: 
<taxonomicName id="21E64D19FF99F419FD04FD8FFCEA9460" ID-CoL="8D8JN" authority="Philippi" authorityName="Philippi" authorityYear="1865" box="[667,851,513,539]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Penthera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigra">
<emphasis id="D492EA88FF99F419FD04FD8FFD4A9460" box="[667,755,514,539]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="50">P. nigra</emphasis>
Philippi
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(mon.).
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="C6F611B4FF99F419FF08FDA8FCFF941F" pageId="2" pageNumber="50">
<emphasis id="D492EA88FF99F419FF08FDA8FF0A9444" box="[151,179,549,575]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="50">=*</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="6747108BFF99F419FF2CFDA8FE599444" box="[179,480,549,575]" pageId="2" pageNumber="50">
<taxonomicName id="21E64D19FF99F419FF2CFDA8FE599444" authority="Giard, 1879: 13" authorityName="Giard" authorityPageNumber="13" authorityYear="1879" box="[179,480,549,575]" class="Insecta" genus="Epiplecia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D492EA88FF99F419FF2CFDA8FE9D9444" box="[179,292,549,575]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="50">Epiplecia</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="82774B6BFF99F419FEB4FDA8FE599444" author="Giard, A." box="[299,480,549,575]" pageId="2" pageNumber="50" pagination="12 - 16" refId="ref10566" refString="Giard, A. (1879) Note sur les bibionids fossiles. Genre Plecia. Bulletin scientifique du Departement du Nord et des pays voisins, 10 (1), 12 - 16." type="journal article" year="1879">Giard, 1879: 13</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
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. 
<typeStatus id="395D8838FF99F419FE74FDABFD9A943B" box="[491,547,550,576]" pageId="2" pageNumber="50">Type</typeStatus>
species: 
<taxonomicName id="21E64D19FF99F419FD15FDABFB869444" authority="Oustalet, 1870: 143" authorityName="Oustalet" authorityPageNumber="143" authorityYear="1870" box="[650,1087,549,575]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Protomyia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="joannis">
<emphasis id="D492EA88FF99F419FD15FDABFCE09444" box="[650,857,550,575]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="50">Protomyia joannis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="82774B6BFF99F419FCFEFDA8FB869444" author="Oustalet, J. F. E." box="[865,1087,549,575]" pageId="2" pageNumber="50" pagination="1 - 178" refId="ref11859" refString="Oustalet, J. F. E. (1870) Recherches sur les insectes fossiles des terraines tertiaires de la France. Annales des Sciences Geologiques Paris, 2 (3), 1 - 178." type="journal article" year="1870">Oustalet, 1870: 143</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(mon.). (
<emphasis id="D492EA88FF99F419FB35FDABFB49943B" bold="true" box="[1194,1264,550,576]" pageId="2" pageNumber="50">n.syn.</emphasis>
; see 
<bibRefCitation id="82774B6BFF99F419FAB4FDA8FEF99418" author="Fitzgerald, S. J." pageId="2" pageNumber="50" refId="ref10365" refString="Fitzgerald, S. J. (2004) Evolution and classification of Bibionidae (Diptera, Bibionomorpha). Ph. D. dissertation, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, (14) + 385 pp." type="book" year="2004">Fitzgerald 2004: 273–274</bibRefCitation>
and Skartveit &amp; Nel 2017: 80 for discussion).
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<emphasis id="D492EA88FF99F419FF08FDE0FF1F94FC" box="[151,166,621,647]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="50">=</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="6747108BFF99F419FF38FDE0FE4594F3" author="Hardy, D. E." box="[167,508,621,648]" page="75" pageId="2" pageNumber="50" year="1950">
<taxonomicName id="21E64D19FF99F419FF38FDE0FE4594F3" authority="Hardy, 1950: 75" authorityName="Hardy" authorityPageNumber="75" authorityYear="1950" box="[167,508,621,648]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Heteroplecia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D492EA88FF99F419FF38FDE0FE8594FC" box="[167,316,621,647]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="50">Heteroplecia</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="82774B6BFF99F419FEDBFDE0FE4594F3" author="Hardy, D. E." box="[324,508,621,648]" pageId="2" pageNumber="50" pagination="75 - 85" refId="ref10785" refString="Hardy, D. E. (1950) Studies in Pacific Bibionidae (Diptera). Part I. Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society, 14, 75 - 85." type="journal article" year="1950">Hardy, 1950: 75</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
(as subgenus of 
<taxonomicName id="21E64D19FF99F419FD21FDE0FC2094F3" ID-CoL="9CJT2" authority="Wiedemann" authorityName="Wiedemann" box="[702,921,621,648]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Plecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D492EA88FF99F419FD21FDE0FCBF94FC" box="[702,774,621,647]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="50">Plecia</emphasis>
Wiedemann
</taxonomicName>
). 
<typeStatus id="395D8838FF99F419FC33FDE3FC5D94F3" box="[940,996,622,648]" pageId="2" pageNumber="50">Type</typeStatus>
species: 
<taxonomicName id="21E64D19FF99F419FBD2FDE0FAF894FC" ID-CoL="4K2Q7" authority="Hardy" authorityName="Hardy" authorityYear="1950" box="[1101,1345,621,647]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Plecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="visenda">
<emphasis id="D492EA88FF99F419FBD2FDE0FB4A94FC" box="[1101,1267,621,647]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="50">Plecia visenda</emphasis>
Hardy
</taxonomicName>
(mon.). (
<emphasis id="D492EA88FF99F419FF3EFD1FFF5F94D7" bold="true" box="[161,230,658,684]" pageId="2" pageNumber="50">n.syn.</emphasis>
; see 
<treatmentCitation id="6747108BFF99F419FEBFFD1CFDB094D0" author="Fitzgerald, S. J." box="[288,521,657,683]" page="274" pageId="2" pageNumber="50" year="2004">
<bibRefCitation id="82774B6BFF99F419FEBFFD1CFDB094D0" author="Fitzgerald, S. J." box="[288,521,657,683]" pageId="2" pageNumber="50" refId="ref10365" refString="Fitzgerald, S. J. (2004) Evolution and classification of Bibionidae (Diptera, Bibionomorpha). Ph. D. dissertation, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, (14) + 385 pp." type="book" year="2004">Fitzgerald 2004: 274</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
for discussion).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E659369AFF99F419FF08FD38FBBC948F" blockId="2.[151,1437,369,1332]" pageId="2" pageNumber="50">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="C6F611B4FF99F419FF08FD38FBBC948F" pageId="2" pageNumber="50">
<emphasis id="D492EA88FF99F419FF08FD38FF1E94B4" box="[151,167,693,719]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="50">=</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="6747108BFF99F419FF38FD38FE6B94B4" author="Hardy, D. E." box="[167,466,693,720]" page="76" pageId="2" pageNumber="50" year="1952">
<taxonomicName id="21E64D19FF99F419FF38FD38FE6B94B4" authority="Hardy, 1952: 76" authorityName="Hardy" authorityPageNumber="76" authorityYear="1952" box="[167,466,693,720]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Pleciodes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D492EA88FF99F419FF38FD38FEAE94B4" box="[167,279,693,719]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="50">Pleciodes</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="82774B6BFF99F419FE81FD38FE6B94B4" author="Hardy, D. E." box="[286,466,693,720]" pageId="2" pageNumber="50" pagination="72 - 91" refId="ref10818" refString="Hardy, D. E. (1952) A monographic study of the African Bibionidae (( Diptera). Part III, genus Plecia. Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society, 25, 72 - 91." type="journal article" year="1952">Hardy, 1952: 76</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
(as subgenus of 
<taxonomicName id="21E64D19FF99F419FD11FD38FCD194AB" ID-CoL="9CJT2" authority="Wiedemann" authorityName="Wiedemann" box="[654,872,693,720]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Plecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D492EA88FF99F419FD11FD38FD6F94B4" box="[654,726,693,719]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="50">Plecia</emphasis>
Wiedemann
</taxonomicName>
). 
<typeStatus id="395D8838FF99F419FCE6FD3BFC0894AB" box="[889,945,694,720]" pageId="2" pageNumber="50">Type</typeStatus>
species 
<treatmentCitation id="6747108BFF99F419FB90FD38FA2594B4" author="Speiser, P." box="[1039,1436,693,719]" page="38" pageId="2" pageNumber="50" year="1909">
<taxonomicName id="21E64D19FF99F419FB90FD38FA2594B4" ID-CoL="4K2J9" authority="Speiser, 1909: 38" authorityName="Speiser" authorityPageNumber="38" authorityYear="1909" box="[1039,1436,693,719]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Plecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ephippium">
<emphasis id="D492EA88FF99F419FB90FD38FB6A94B4" box="[1039,1235,693,719]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="50">Plecia ephippium</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="82774B6BFF99F419FB45FD38FA2594B4" author="Speiser, P." box="[1242,1436,693,719]" pageId="2" pageNumber="50" pagination="31 - 65" refId="ref12581" refString="Speiser, P. (1909) 4. Orthorhapha. Orthorhapha Nematocera. Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Schwedischen Zoologische Expedition nach dem Kilimandjaro dem Meru und den umgebenden Massaisteppen Deutsch-Ostafrikas, 10 (Diptera), 31 - 65." type="journal article" year="1909">Speiser, 1909: 38</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
(designated by 
<bibRefCitation id="82774B6BFF99F419FEDDFD54FE72948F" author="Hardy, D. E." box="[322,459,729,756]" pageId="2" pageNumber="50" pagination="72 - 91" refId="ref10818" refString="Hardy, D. E. (1952) A monographic study of the African Bibionidae (( Diptera). Part III, genus Plecia. Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society, 25, 72 - 91." type="journal article" year="1952">Hardy 1952</bibRefCitation>
). (
<emphasis id="D492EA88FF99F419FE77FD57FD97948F" bold="true" box="[488,558,730,756]" pageId="2" pageNumber="50">n.syn.</emphasis>
; see 
<treatmentCitation id="6747108BFF99F419FDF8FD54FCE89488" author="Fitzgerald, S. J." box="[615,849,729,755]" page="274" pageId="2" pageNumber="50" year="2004">
<bibRefCitation id="82774B6BFF99F419FDF8FD54FCE89488" author="Fitzgerald, S. J." box="[615,849,729,755]" pageId="2" pageNumber="50" refId="ref10365" refString="Fitzgerald, S. J. (2004) Evolution and classification of Bibionidae (Diptera, Bibionomorpha). Ph. D. dissertation, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, (14) + 385 pp." type="book" year="2004">Fitzgerald 2004: 274</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
for discussion).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E659369AFF99F419FF08FD70FC769547" blockId="2.[151,1437,369,1332]" pageId="2" pageNumber="50">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="C6F611B4FF99F419FF08FD70FC769547" pageId="2" pageNumber="50">
<emphasis id="D492EA88FF99F419FF08FD70FE9A956C" box="[151,291,765,791]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="50">
=* 
<treatmentCitation id="6747108BFF99F419FF2DFD70FE9A956C" box="[178,291,765,791]" pageId="2" pageNumber="50">Lacibibio</treatmentCitation>
</emphasis>
Hong, 
<emphasis id="D492EA88FF99F419FEE8FD73FE37956C" box="[375,398,766,791]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="50">In</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="82774B6BFF99F419FE0AFD73FD39956C" author="Hong, Y. - C. &amp; Yang, T. - C. &amp; Wang, S. - T. &amp; Sun, H. - C. &amp; Tu, N. - C. &amp; Sun, M. - R." box="[405,640,765,792]" pageId="2" pageNumber="50" refId="ref11157" refString="Hong, Y. - C., Yang, T. - C., Wang, S. - T., Sun, H. - C., Tu, N. - C. &amp; Sun, M. - R. (1980) Study of Stratigraphy and Paleontology from Fushun Coal field of Liaoning Province, China. Science Press, Beijing, 98 pp. [in Chinese]" type="book" year="1980">
Hong 
<emphasis id="D492EA88FF99F419FE44FD73FDB5956C" box="[475,524,765,791]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="50">et al</emphasis>
. 1980: 47
</bibRefCitation>
. 
<typeStatus id="395D8838FF99F419FD15FD73FD7B9563" box="[650,706,766,792]" pageId="2" pageNumber="50">Type</typeStatus>
species: 
<emphasis id="D492EA88FF99F419FCB6FD70FBA7956C" box="[809,1054,765,791]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="50">Lacibibio fushunensis</emphasis>
Hong, 
<emphasis id="D492EA88FF99F419FBEEFD73FB31956C" box="[1137,1160,766,791]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="50">In</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="82774B6BFF99F419FB0FFD73FA25956C" author="Hong, Y. - C. &amp; Yang, T. - C. &amp; Wang, S. - T. &amp; Sun, H. - C. &amp; Tu, N. - C. &amp; Sun, M. - R." box="[1168,1436,765,792]" pageId="2" pageNumber="50" refId="ref11157" refString="Hong, Y. - C., Yang, T. - C., Wang, S. - T., Sun, H. - C., Tu, N. - C. &amp; Sun, M. - R. (1980) Study of Stratigraphy and Paleontology from Fushun Coal field of Liaoning Province, China. Science Press, Beijing, 98 pp. [in Chinese]" type="book" year="1980">
Hong 
<emphasis id="D492EA88FF99F419FB4AFD73FABF956C" box="[1237,1286,765,791]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="50">et al</emphasis>
. 1980: 47-48
</bibRefCitation>
(original designation). [Synonymized by 
<bibRefCitation id="82774B6BFF99F419FDFBFCACFC9E9540" author="Zhang, J. - F." box="[612,807,801,827]" pageId="2" pageNumber="50" refId="ref13178" refString="Zhang, J. - F. (1989) Fossil insects from Shanwang, Shandong, China. Shandong Science and Technology Publishing House, Jinan, 459 p. [in Chinese]" type="book" year="1989">Zhang 1989: 336</bibRefCitation>
; as 
<taxonomicName id="21E64D19FF99F419FCCEFCACFC209540" ID-CoL="9CJT2" box="[849,921,801,827]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Plecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D492EA88FF99F419FCCEFCACFC209540" box="[849,921,801,827]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="50">Plecia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp.].
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="AEFC6511FF99F419FF08FCC8FE71934F" pageId="2" pageNumber="50" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="E659369AFF99F419FF08FCC8FE71934F" blockId="2.[151,1437,369,1332]" pageId="2" pageNumber="50">
Refs.: 
<bibRefCitation id="82774B6BFF99F419FF7DFCC8FE59951B" author="Hardy, D. E." box="[226,480,837,864]" pageId="2" pageNumber="50" pagination="367 - 547" refId="ref10749" refString="Hardy, D. E. (1945) Revision of Nearctic Bibionidae, including Neotropical Plecia and Penthetria (Diptera). The University of Kansas Science Bulletin, 30, 367 - 547." type="journal article" year="1945">Hardy, 1945: 367–547</bibRefCitation>
(rev. Neotropical species); 
<bibRefCitation id="82774B6BFF99F419FC85FCC8FBA1951B" author="Hardy, D. E." box="[794,1048,837,864]" pageId="2" pageNumber="50" pagination="437 - 476" refId="ref10914" refString="Hardy, D. E. (1959) Catalogue of the Neotropical Bibionidae. Acta Zoologica Lilloana, 17, 437 - 476." type="journal article" year="1959">Hardy, 1959: 441–454</bibRefCitation>
(cat. Neotropical species); 
<bibRefCitation id="82774B6BFF99F419FACEFCC8FEB395F8" author="Hardy, D. E." pageId="2" pageNumber="50" pagination="1 - 20" refId="ref10939" refString="Hardy, D. E. (1966) 18. Family Bibionidae. In: Papavero, N. (Ed.), A Catalogue of the Diptera of the Americas south of the United States. Departamento de Zoologia da Secretaria da Agricultura do Estado de SaTo Paulo, SaTo Paulo, pp. 1 - 20." type="book chapter" year="1966">Hardy, 1966: 2–6</bibRefCitation>
(cat. Neotropical species); 
<bibRefCitation id="82774B6BFF99F419FDD9FCE4FC8095F8" author="Hetrick, L. A." box="[582,825,873,899]" pageId="2" pageNumber="50" pagination="23 - 26" refId="ref11079" refString="Hetrick, L. A. (1970) Biology of the &quot; love-bug, &quot; Plecia nearctica (Diptera: Bibionidae). Florida Entomologist, 53 (1), 23 - 26." type="journal article" year="1970">Hetrick, 1970: 23–26</bibRefCitation>
(biol.); 
<bibRefCitation id="82774B6BFF99F419FC06FCE4FAFF95F8" author="Callahan, P. S. &amp; Denmark, H. A." box="[921,1350,873,899]" pageId="2" pageNumber="50" pagination="113 - 119" refId="ref9293" refString="Callahan, P. S. &amp; Denmark, H. A. (1973) Attraction of the &quot; lovebug, &quot; Plecia nearctica (Diptera: Bibionidae), to UV radiated automobile exhaust fumes. Florida Entomologist, 56 (2), 113 - 119." type="journal article" year="1973">
Callahan &amp; 
<collectingCountry id="9EF1760AFF99F419FBBAFCE4FB2995F8" box="[1061,1168,873,899]" name="Denmark" pageId="2" pageNumber="50">Denmark</collectingCountry>
, 1973: 113–119
</bibRefCitation>
(biol.); 
<bibRefCitation id="82774B6BFF99F419FF08FC00FE7C95DC" author="Kish, L. P. &amp; Allen, G. E. &amp; Kimbrough, J. W. &amp; Kuitert, L. C." box="[151,453,909,936]" pageId="2" pageNumber="50" pagination="281 - 284" refId="ref11332" refString="Kish, L. P., Allen, G. E., Kimbrough, J. W. &amp; Kuitert, L. C. (1974) A survey of fungi associated with the lovebug, Plecia nearctica, in Florida. The Florida Entomologist, 57 (3), 281 - 284." type="journal article" year="1974">
Kish 
<emphasis id="D492EA88FF99F419FF4BFC03FEBF95DC" box="[212,262,909,935]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="50">et al</emphasis>
., 1974: 281–284
</bibRefCitation>
(biol.); 
<bibRefCitation id="82774B6BFF99F419FDBDFC00FCD095DC" author="Leppla, N. C. &amp; Sharp, J. L. &amp; Turner, W. K. &amp; Hamilton, E. W. &amp; Bennett, D. R." box="[546,873,909,936]" pageId="2" pageNumber="50" pagination="323 - 326" refId="ref11633" refString="Leppla, N. C., Sharp, J. L., Turner, W. K., Hamilton, E. W. &amp; Bennett, D. R. (1974) Rhythmic activity of Plecia nearctica. Environmental Entomology, 3 (2), 323 - 326." type="journal article" year="1974">
Leppla 
<emphasis id="D492EA88FF99F419FDE8FC03FD1095DC" box="[631,681,909,935]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="50">et al</emphasis>
., 1974: 323–326
</bibRefCitation>
(biol.); 
<bibRefCitation id="82774B6BFF99F419FC5AFC00FAB995D3" author="Sharp, L. J. &amp; Leppla, N. C. &amp; Bennett, D. R. &amp; Turner, W. K. &amp; Hamilton, E. W." box="[965,1280,909,936]" pageId="2" pageNumber="50" pagination="735 - 738" refId="ref12322" refString="Sharp, L. J., Leppla, N. C., Bennett, D. R., Turner, W. K. &amp; Hamilton, E. W. (1974) Flight ability of Plecia nearctica in the laboratory. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 67 (5), 735 - 738." type="journal article" year="1974">
Sharp 
<emphasis id="D492EA88FF99F419FB91FC03FBF895DC" box="[1038,1089,909,935]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="50">et al</emphasis>
., 1974: 735–738
</bibRefCitation>
(biol.); 
<bibRefCitation id="82774B6BFF99F419FAC3FC00FECA95B7" author="Trimble, J. J." pageId="2" pageNumber="50" pagination="353 - 359" refId="ref12822" refString="Trimble, J. J. (1974) Ultrastructure of the ejaculatory duct region of the lovebug, Plecia nearctica Hardy (Diptera: Bibionidae). International Journal of Insect Morphology &amp; Embryology, 3 (3 / 4), 353 - 359." type="journal article" year="1974">Trimble, 1974: 353–359</bibRefCitation>
(male gen.); 
<bibRefCitation id="82774B6BFF99F419FD94FC3CFCF595B0" author="Whitesell, J. J." box="[523,844,945,971]" pageId="2" pageNumber="50" pagination="1038 - 1039" refId="ref13072" refString="Whitesell, J. J. (1974) Heat, sound and engine exhaust as &quot; lovebug &quot; attractants (Diptera: Bibionidae: Plecia nearctica). Environmental Entomology, 3 (6), 1038 - 1039." type="journal article" year="1974">
Whitesell, 1974: 
<date id="9258105AFF99F419FD51FC3CFCF595B0" box="[718,844,945,971]" pageId="2" pageNumber="50" value="1038" valueMax="1039">1038–1039</date>
</bibRefCitation>
(biol.); 
<bibRefCitation id="82774B6BFF99F419FC35FC3CFBC395B0" author="Kuitert, L. C." box="[938,1146,945,972]" pageId="2" pageNumber="50" pagination="212" refId="ref11498" refString="Kuitert, L. C. (1975) Sexual dimorphism in Plecia nearctica pupae (Diptera: Bibionidae). Note. Florida Entomologist, 58, 212." type="journal article" year="1975">Kuitert, 1975: 212</bibRefCitation>
(imm.sta.); 
<bibRefCitation id="82774B6BFF99F419FA99FC3CFEFA958B" author="Leppla, N. C. &amp; Carlysle, T. C. &amp; Guy, T. H." pageId="2" pageNumber="50" pagination="299 - 306" refId="ref11576" refString="Leppla, N. C., Carlysle, T. C. &amp; Guy, T. H. (1975) Reproductive systems and the mechanics of copulation in Plecia nearctica Hardy (Diptera: Bibionidae). International Journal of Insect Morphology &amp; Embryology, 4 (4), 299 - 306." type="journal article" year="1975">
Leppla 
<emphasis id="D492EA88FF99F419FAC3FC3FFA3795B0" box="[1372,1422,945,971]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="50">et al</emphasis>
., 1975: 299–305
</bibRefCitation>
(male gen.); Thompson, 1975: 87–91 (tax., key., male gen.); 
<bibRefCitation id="82774B6BFF99F419FB8BFC58FAF19594" author="Buschman, L. L." box="[1044,1352,981,1007]" pageId="2" pageNumber="50" pagination="191 - 194" refId="ref9217" refString="Buschman, L. L. (1976) Invasion of Florida by the &quot; lovebug &quot; Plecia nearctica (Diptera: Bibionidae). Florida Entomologist, 59 (2), 191 - 194." type="journal article" year="1976">Buschman, 1976: 191–194</bibRefCitation>
(dist.); 
<bibRefCitation id="82774B6BFF99F419FF08FC74FE10926F" author="Thornhill, R." box="[151,425,1017,1044]" pageId="2" pageNumber="50" pagination="45 - 53" refId="ref12685" refString="Thornhill, R. (1976 a) Dispersal of Plecia nearctica (Diptera: Bibionidae). The Florida Entomologist, 59 (1), 45 - 53." type="journal article" year="1976">Thornhill, 1976a: 45–53</bibRefCitation>
(biol.); 
<bibRefCitation id="82774B6BFF99F419FD9BFC74FC8B9268" author="Thornhill, R." box="[516,818,1017,1043]" pageId="2" pageNumber="50" pagination="843 - 847" refId="ref12750" refString="Thornhill, R. (1976 c) Reproductive behavior of the lovebug, Plecia nearctica (Diptera: Bibionidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 69 (5), 843 - 847." type="journal article" year="1976">Thornhill, 1976c: 843–847</bibRefCitation>
(biol.); 
<bibRefCitation id="82774B6BFF99F419FC12FC77FB71926F" author="Van Handel E." box="[909,1224,1017,1044]" pageId="2" pageNumber="50" pagination="215 - 216" refId="ref12869" refString="Van Handel E. (1976) Metabolism of the &quot; lovebug &quot; Plecia nearctica (Diptera: Bibionidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 69, 215 - 216." type="journal article" year="1976">Van Handel, 1976: 215–216</bibRefCitation>
(biol.); 
<bibRefCitation id="82774B6BFF99F419FABBFC74FE869243" author="Chambers, S. M." pageId="2" pageNumber="50" pagination="537 - 540" refId="ref9503" refString="Chambers, S. M. (1977) Genetic characteristics of a colonizing episode in the &quot; lovebug, &quot; Plecia nearctica. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 70 (4), 537 - 540." type="journal article" year="1977">Chambers, 1977: 537–540</bibRefCitation>
(biol.); 
<bibRefCitation id="82774B6BFF99F419FE05FB90FD7A9243" author="Kish, L. P. &amp; Terry, I. &amp; Allen, G. E." box="[410,707,1053,1080]" pageId="2" pageNumber="50" pagination="291 - 295" refId="ref11390" refString="Kish, L. P., Terry, I. &amp; Allen, G. E. (1977) Three fungi tested against the lovebug, Plecia nearctica, in Florida. Florida Entomologist, 60, 291 - 295." type="journal article" year="1977">
Kish 
<emphasis id="D492EA88FF99F419FE4AFB93FDBF924C" box="[469,518,1053,1079]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="50">et al</emphasis>
., 1977: 291–295
</bibRefCitation>
(biol.); 
<bibRefCitation id="82774B6BFF99F419FC82FB90FB859243" author="Thornhill, R." box="[797,1084,1053,1080]" pageId="2" pageNumber="50" pagination="405 - 412" refId="ref12789" refString="Thornhill, R. (1980) Sexual selection within mating swarms of the lovebug, Plecia nearctica (Diptera: Bibionidae). Animal Behavior, 28, 405 - 412." type="journal article" year="1980">Thornhill, 1980: 405–412</bibRefCitation>
(biol.); 
<bibRefCitation id="82774B6BFF99F419FB08FB90FF409220" author="Hieber, C. S. &amp; Cohen, J. A." pageId="2" pageNumber="50" pagination="987 - 992" refId="ref11115" refString="Hieber, C. S. &amp; Cohen, J. A. (1983) Sexual selection in the lovebug, Plecia nearctica: the role of male choice. Evolution, 37 (5), 987 - 992." type="journal article" year="1983">Hieber &amp; Cohen, 1983: 987–992</bibRefCitation>
(biol.); Callahan, 1985: 
<date id="9258105AFF99F419FD8DFBCCFD299220" box="[530,656,1089,1115]" pageId="2" pageNumber="50" value="1094" valueMax="1097">1094–1097</date>
(biol.); 
<bibRefCitation id="82774B6BFF99F419FD71FBCCFBD09220" author="Callahan, P. S. &amp; Carlysle, T. C. &amp; Denmark, H. A." box="[750,1129,1089,1116]" pageId="2" pageNumber="50" pagination="1088 - 1093" refId="ref9343" refString="Callahan, P. S., Carlysle, T. C. &amp; Denmark, H. A. (1985) Mechanism of attraction of Lovebug, Plecia nearctica, to Southern Highways: Further evidence for the IR- dielectric Waveguide Theory of Insect Olfaction. Applied Optics, 24 (8), 1088 - 1093." type="journal article" year="1985">
Callahan 
<emphasis id="D492EA88FF99F419FCC5FBCFFC359220" box="[858,908,1089,1115]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="50">et al</emphasis>
., 1985: 
<date id="9258105AFF99F419FC74FBCCFBD09220" box="[1003,1129,1089,1115]" pageId="2" pageNumber="50" value="1088" valueMax="1093">1088–1093</date>
</bibRefCitation>
(biol.); 
<bibRefCitation id="82774B6BFF99F419FB58FBCCFF439204" author="Denmark, H. A. &amp; Mead, F. W." pageId="2" pageNumber="50" pagination="1 - 10" refId="ref9725" refString="Denmark, H. A. &amp; Mead, F. W. (1992) Lovebug, Plecia nearctica Hardy (Diptera: Bibionidae). Florida Department of Agriculture &amp; Consumer Services, Division of Plant Industry, Entomology Circular, 350, 1 - 10." type="journal article" year="1992">
<collectingCountry id="9EF1760AFF99F419FB58FBCCFA969220" box="[1223,1327,1089,1115]" name="Denmark" pageId="2" pageNumber="50">Denmark</collectingCountry>
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pp. (biol., dist., tax., key); 
<bibRefCitation id="82774B6BFF99F419FDB5FBE8FC239204" author="Blaschke-Berthold, U." box="[554,922,1125,1151]" pageId="2" pageNumber="50" pagination="1 - 206" refId="ref9119" refString="Blaschke-Berthold, U. (1994) Anatomie und Phylogenie der Bibionomorpha (Insecta: Diptera). Bonner Zoologische Monographien, 34, 1 - 206." type="journal article" year="1994">Blaschke-Berthold, 1994: 94–96</bibRefCitation>
, 116–121 (phy., male gen.); 
<bibRefCitation id="82774B6BFF99F419FB46FBE8FEF892D8" author="Pinto, L. &amp; Amorim, D. S." pageId="2" pageNumber="50" pagination="311 - 326" refId="ref12036" refString="Pinto, L. &amp; Amorim, D. S. (1996) Description of immature stages of two Neotropical species of Plecia, with a discussion about the evolution of immature characters in Bibionidae (Insecta, Diptera, Bibionidae). Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin, 72 (2), 311 - 326." type="journal article" year="1996">Pinto &amp; Amorim, 1996: 313–319</bibRefCitation>
(des., imm.sta.); 
<bibRefCitation id="82774B6BFF99F419FD96FB04FCB792DF" author="Cherry, R." box="[521,782,1161,1188]" pageId="2" pageNumber="50" pagination="559 - 562" refId="ref9544" refString="Cherry, R. (1998) Attraction of the lovebug, Plecia nearctica (Diptera: Bibionidae) to anethole. The Florida Entomologist, 81 (4), 559 - 562." type="journal article" year="1998">Cherry, 1998: 559–562</bibRefCitation>
(biol.); 
<bibRefCitation id="82774B6BFF99F419FCF3FB04FB2192D8" author="Fitzgerald, S. J." box="[876,1176,1161,1187]" pageId="2" pageNumber="50" pagination="133 - 164" refId="ref10247" refString="Fitzgerald, S. J. (1998) Eighteen new species of Neotropical species of Neotropical Plecia (Diptera: Bibionidae) and taxonomic notes of the genus. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 124 (2), 133 - 164." type="journal article" year="1998">Fitzgerald, 1998: 133–166</bibRefCitation>
(tax.); 
<bibRefCitation id="82774B6BFF99F419FB73FB04FE9E92BC" author="Cherry, R. &amp; Raid, R." pageId="2" pageNumber="50" pagination="94 - 96" refId="ref9579" refString="Cherry, R. &amp; Raid, R. (2000) Seasonal flight of Plecia nearctica (Diptera: Bibionidae) in southern Florida. The Florida Entomologist, 83 (1), 94 - 96." type="journal article" year="2000">Cherry &amp; Raid, 2000: 94–96</bibRefCitation>
(biol.); 
<bibRefCitation id="82774B6BFF99F419FE18FB20FD0C92BC" author="Fitzgerald, S. J." box="[391,693,1197,1223]" pageId="2" pageNumber="50" pagination="627 - 634" refId="ref10293" refString="Fitzgerald, S. J. (2000) Bibionidae. In: Llorente Bousquets, J. E., Gonzalez Soriano, E. &amp; Papavero, N. (Eds.), Biodiversidad, Taxonomia y Biogeografia de Artropodos de Mexico: Hacia una Sintesis de su Conocimiento. Vol. II. Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico City, pp. 627 - 634." type="book chapter" year="2000">Fitzgerald, 2000: 627–634</bibRefCitation>
(species list, dist. 
<collectingCountry id="9EF1760AFF99F419FC10FB20FC5392B3" box="[911,1002,1197,1224]" name="Mexico" pageId="2" pageNumber="50">Mexico</collectingCountry>
); 
<bibRefCitation id="82774B6BFF99F419FC60FB20FAEA92BC" author="Pinto, L. G. &amp; Amorim, D. S." box="[1023,1363,1197,1223]" pageId="2" pageNumber="50" refId="ref12097" refString="Pinto, L. G. &amp; Amorim, D. S. (2000) Bibionidae (Diptera: Bibionomorpha). Morfologia e analise filogenetica. Holos, Ribeirao Preto, 98 pp. [in Portuguese]" type="book" year="2000">Pinto &amp; Amorim, 2000: 1–98</bibRefCitation>
(phy., biol.); 
<bibRefCitation id="82774B6BFF99F419FF7FFB5FFDAC9297" author="Bravo, F. &amp; Castro, I. &amp; Araujo, F. T." box="[224,533,1233,1260]" pageId="2" pageNumber="50" pagination="157 - 165" refId="ref9147" refString="Bravo, F., Castro, I. &amp; Araujo, F. T. (2001) Uma nova especie de Plecia (Diptera, Bibionidae) do Nordeste Brasileiro. Acta Biologica Leopoldensia, 23 (2), 157 - 165." type="journal article" year="2001">
Bravo 
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(tax.); 
<bibRefCitation id="82774B6BFF99F419FDFBFB5CFCD79297" author="Fitzgerald, S. J." box="[612,878,1233,1260]" pageId="2" pageNumber="50" refId="ref10365" refString="Fitzgerald, S. J. (2004) Evolution and classification of Bibionidae (Diptera, Bibionomorpha). Ph. D. dissertation, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, (14) + 385 pp." type="book" year="2004">Fitzgerald, 2004: 15–17</bibRefCitation>
(summary of biol.), 187 (fem.gen), 33–257 (phy.), 273–281 (redes., diag., dist., imm.sta.); 
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(in key); 
<bibRefCitation id="82774B6BFF99F419FC2BFB78FB5C9374" author="Falaschi, R. L. &amp; Oliveira, S. S. &amp; Amorim, D. S." box="[948,1253,1269,1296]" pageId="2" pageNumber="50" pagination="20 - 25" refId="ref10210" refString="Falaschi, R. L., Oliveira, S. S. &amp; Amorim, D. S. (2016) Family Bibionidae. Zootaxa, 4122 (1), 20 - 25." type="journal article" year="2016">
Falaschi 
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(cat.); 
<bibRefCitation id="82774B6BFF99F419FAAAFB78FEE99348" author="Sevcik, J. &amp; Kasprak, D. &amp; Mantic, M. &amp; Fitzgerald, S. &amp; Sevcikova, T. &amp; Tothova, A. &amp; Jaschhof, M." pageId="2" pageNumber="50" pagination="1 - 30" refId="ref12259" refString="Sevcik, J., Kasprak, D., Mantic, M., Fitzgerald, S., Sevcikova, T., Tothova, A. &amp; Jaschhof, M. (2016) Molecular phylogeny of the megadiverse insect infraorder Bibionomorpha sensu lato (Diptera). PeerJ, 4 (e 2563), 1 - 30." type="journal article" year="2016">
Ševčík 
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, 19 (phy.).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>