423 lines
56 KiB
XML
423 lines
56 KiB
XML
<document id="EE10F6ED9EC14F87386E6C70B9CF372D" ID-CLB-Dataset="27551" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4555.2.12" ID-GBIF-Dataset="752b7b58-640a-46bb-bf01-52c5a2539f65" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="2624275" ID-ZooBank="40508821-74CE-4FE9-B939-B06F8738CE60" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1554272203816" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Nascimento, Elielton, Cavalcanti, Thaynã & Pinheiro, Ulisses" docDate="2019" docId="6E4A879E501CFFB258C53010F9D3FF0F" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4555.2.12.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4555 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Acanthella stanleei Nascimento & Cavalcanti & Pinheiro 2019, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="292" masterDocId="9273FFE6501CFFB05852357CF83EFE70" masterDocTitle="A new species of Acanthella Schmidt, 1862 (Porifera, Demospongiae, Dictyonellidae) from northeast region, Brazil" masterLastPageNumber="295" masterPageNumber="291" pageNumber="291" updateTime="1698716385002" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods id="7C84AA005844F214CD206AF5782D8878" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="3D2C37B1972093D4FFFD32EEE59AA792">
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<mods:title id="51FBF1C0E2CEB8C8A6E2C007892535A1">A new species of Acanthella Schmidt, 1862 (Porifera, Demospongiae, Dictyonellidae) from northeast region, Brazil</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="FA4C1E622DE0E133F933EEAE22291414" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="4071866EC661EC3BC9504B93FE11E06D">
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<mods:roleTerm id="DDA4E2A5E8D509080FB9FADE24173983">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="EAE5C03D27C8F7C186ED22F326A838A2">Nascimento, Elielton</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="8802330A836A0E3782864F4F94F5A65C">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="5CDABB7B755D6B28AA0AB369EE078252">Cavalcanti, Thaynã</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="AE3B594D8E24C6A1697DA63AF37920C1" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="6CE40D5139E2C99E8B170EB5081EA0B5">
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<mods:roleTerm id="A336DDE675B85C9968D7CD25E8918799">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="99CFF73CCE31728DF10C186B969D8C65">Pinheiro, Ulisses</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="F0D548FFC18DA26364F75616E43C3B38">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="07647B380F698B3D6E502518F8107483">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="3A5349418EADB7192953974D834B131D">
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<mods:date id="EB21EAADE421C8A703488ADE159536CD">2019</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="C9592E3F9A27153AACC113ED9169DE50">2019-02-13</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="83114B30F280073AB157500D6350B2B2">4555</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="7780A3F0AC8D664C05425C46499AF3AF" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="88F0FA574202792543E98B04A5314689">2</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="A754D95DD197332C3D6D38B12B151122">291</mods:start>
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<mods:classification id="3959A9E200812F3838F8E9576A8A470C">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="101AA17A09A7768F88907346AB94EE49" type="CLB-Dataset">27551</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="67CCDF81D5C4206C070116FF2E4D2A66" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4555.2.12</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="992495D2EFA8CABC9596A528A827B736" type="GBIF-Dataset">752b7b58-640a-46bb-bf01-52c5a2539f65</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="591FFDBFED952732ACCD5D06D34B4BF1" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="3E4C2B62222BA1DF5EB8F09A6F93E994" type="Zenodo-Dep">2624275</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="6E4A879E501CFFB258C53010F9D3FF0F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5931385" ID-GBIF-Taxon="154533444" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5931385" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6E4A879E501CFFB258C53010F9D3FF0F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/6E4A879E501CFFB258C53010F9D3FF0F" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="292" pageId="0" pageNumber="291">
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<subSubSection id="AEF96503501CFFB058C53010F9DDFBF6" box="[151,483,1388,1414]" pageId="0" pageNumber="291" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="E65C3688501CFFB058C53010F9DDFBF6" blockId="0.[151,1436,1388,2036]" box="[151,483,1388,1414]" pageId="0" pageNumber="291">
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<heading id="BD1481E4501CFFB058C53010F9DDFBF6" bold="true" box="[151,483,1388,1414]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="291" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="D497EA9A501CFFB058C53010F9DDFBF6" bold="true" box="[151,483,1388,1414]" pageId="0" pageNumber="291">
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<taxonomicName id="21E34D0B501CFFB058C53010F940FBF6" authority="Nascimento & Cavalcanti & Pinheiro, 2019" authorityName="Nascimento & Cavalcanti & Pinheiro" authorityYear="2019" box="[151,382,1388,1414]" class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Acanthella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="0" pageNumber="291" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="stanleei" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="D497EA9A501CFFB058C53010F940FBF6" bold="true" box="[151,382,1388,1414]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="291">Acanthella stanleei</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="CFA457E1501CFFB059D43010F9DDFBF6" box="[390,483,1388,1414]" pageId="0" pageNumber="291" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="AEF96503501CFFB058C530F3F982F919" pageId="0" pageNumber="291" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="E65C3688501CFFB058C530F3FC3DFB9B" blockId="0.[151,1436,1388,2036]" pageId="0" pageNumber="291">
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<emphasis id="D497EA9A501CFFB058C530F3F96DFBD6" bold="true" box="[151,339,1423,1446]" pageId="0" pageNumber="291">Type specimens.</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation id="568B3CD5501CFFB0590E30F3FBEBFBB9" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2234219645" collectingDate="1969-02-14" country="Brazil" elevation="64" latitude="-7.6666665" location="Itamaraca Municipality" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-34.468613" municipality="State" pageId="0" pageNumber="291" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Pernambuco" typeStatus="holotype">
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<typeStatus id="3958882A501CFFB0590E30F3F9FCFBD6" box="[348,450,1423,1446]" pageId="0" pageNumber="291" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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. UFPEPOR 2329, off
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<location id="E33C6053501CFFB05AEF30F3FB84FBD6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6E4A879E501CFFB258C53010F9D3FF0F:E33C6053501CFFB05AEF30F3FB84FBD6" box="[701,954,1423,1446]" country="Brazil" latitude="-7.6666665" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-34.468613" municipality="State" name="Itamaraca Municipality" pageId="0" pageNumber="291" stateProvince="Pernambuco">Itamaracá Municipality</location>
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(
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<geoCoordinate id="83D7504F501CFFB05B9930F3FC0FFBD6" box="[971,1073,1423,1446]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="0" pageNumber="291" precision="15" value="-7.6666665">7°40’0’’S</geoCoordinate>
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<geoCoordinate id="83D7504F501CFFB05C6930F3FC84FBD6" box="[1083,1210,1423,1446]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="0" pageNumber="291" precision="15" value="-34.468613">34°28’7’’W</geoCoordinate>
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),
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<collectingRegion id="2427F86A501CFFB05C8330F3FD68FBD6" box="[1233,1366,1423,1446]" country="Brazil" name="Pernambuco" pageId="0" pageNumber="291">Pernambuco</collectingRegion>
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<collectingMunicipality id="0638ACF2501CFFB05D3230F3FDA6FBD6" box="[1376,1432,1423,1446]" pageId="0" pageNumber="291">State</collectingMunicipality>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="9EF47618501CFFB058C530CEF8E5FBB9" box="[151,219,1458,1481]" name="Brazil" pageId="0" pageNumber="291">Brazil</collectingCountry>
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, depth
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<quantity id="211B9B6D501CFFB0596330CEF9A8FBB9" box="[305,406,1458,1481]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.4" metricValueMax="6.8" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="0" pageNumber="291" unit="m" value="64.0" valueMax="68.0" valueMin="60.0">
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<elevation id="6DCED1BB501CFFB0596330CEF9A8FBB9" box="[305,406,1458,1481]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.4" metricValueMax="6.8" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="0" pageNumber="291" unit="m" value="64.0" valueMax="68.0" valueMin="60.0">60–68 m</elevation>
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</quantity>
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, st. 36,
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<collectingRegion id="2427F86A501CFFB059AA30CEFA43FBB9" box="[504,637,1458,1481]" country="Brazil" name="Pernambuco" pageId="0" pageNumber="291">Pernambuco</collectingRegion>
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expedition,
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<date id="925D1048501CFFB05B5930CEFBEBFBB9" box="[779,981,1458,1481]" pageId="0" pageNumber="291" value="1969-02-14">
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<collectingDate id="8219E9A0501CFFB05B5930CEFBEBFBB9" box="[779,981,1458,1481]" pageId="0" pageNumber="291" value="1969-02-14">14 February 1969</collectingDate>
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</date>
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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<materialsCitation id="568B3CD5501CFFB05BB730CEFBC1FB9B" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2234219582" collectingDate="1965" collectingDateMax="1966" collectingDateMin="1965" country="Brazil" elevation="47" latitude="-1.5" location="State" longLatPrecision="1308" longitude="-38.8" municipality="Canopus" pageId="0" pageNumber="291" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Ceara" typeStatus="paratype">
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<typeStatus id="3958882A501CFFB05BB730CEFC78FBB9" box="[997,1094,1458,1481]" pageId="0" pageNumber="291" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
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. UFPEPOR 3230,
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<collectingRegion id="2427F86A501CFFB05D4F30CEFD65FBB9" box="[1309,1371,1458,1481]" country="Brazil" name="Ceara" pageId="0" pageNumber="291">Ceará</collectingRegion>
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<location id="E33C6053501CFFB05D3530CEFDA2FBB9" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6E4A879E501CFFB258C53010F9D3FF0F:E33C6053501CFFB05D3530CEFDA2FBB9" box="[1383,1436,1458,1481]" country="Brazil" latitude="-1.5" longLatPrecision="1308" longitude="-38.8" municipality="Canopus" name="State" pageId="0" pageNumber="291" stateProvince="Ceara">State</location>
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(
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<geoCoordinate id="83D7504F501CFFB058CD30A8F8D6FB9B" box="[159,232,1492,1515]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="0" pageNumber="291" precision="925" value="-1.5">1°30´S</geoCoordinate>
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||
<geoCoordinate id="83D7504F501CFFB058BC30A8F96FFB9B" box="[238,337,1492,1515]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="0" pageNumber="291" precision="925" value="-38.8">38°48´W</geoCoordinate>
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),
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<collectingCountry id="9EF47618501CFFB0593630A8F996FB9B" box="[356,424,1492,1515]" name="Brazil" pageId="0" pageNumber="291">Brazil</collectingCountry>
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, depth
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<quantity id="211B9B6D501CFFB059A630A8FA6BFB9B" box="[500,597,1492,1515]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.7" metricValueMax="4.9" metricValueMin="4.5" pageId="0" pageNumber="291" unit="m" value="47.0" valueMax="49.0" valueMin="45.0">
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<elevation id="6DCED1BB501CFFB059A630A8FA6BFB9B" box="[500,597,1492,1515]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.7" metricValueMax="4.9" metricValueMin="4.5" pageId="0" pageNumber="291" unit="m" value="47.0" valueMax="49.0" valueMin="45.0">45–49 m</elevation>
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</quantity>
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, st. 14,
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<collectingMunicipality id="0638ACF2501CFFB05AF430A8FB3DFB9B" box="[678,771,1492,1515]" pageId="0" pageNumber="291">Canopus</collectingMunicipality>
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expedition,
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<date id="925D1048501CFFB05BDA30A8FBC1FB9B" box="[904,1023,1492,1515]" pageId="0" pageNumber="291" value="1965" valueMax="1966">
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||
<collectingDate id="8219E9A0501CFFB05BDA30A8FBC1FB9B" box="[904,1023,1492,1515]" pageId="0" pageNumber="291" value="1965" valueMax="1966">1965-1966</collectingDate>
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</date>
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="E65C3688501CFFB05895308BF994F8E9" blockId="0.[151,1436,1388,2036]" pageId="0" pageNumber="291">
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<emphasis id="D497EA9A501CFFB05895308BF982F87E" bold="true" box="[199,444,1527,1550]" pageId="0" pageNumber="291">External morphology</emphasis>
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(
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<figureCitation id="7ED82A0D501CFFB0599E308BFA37F87E" box="[460,521,1527,1550]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,244,1290,1312]" captionTargetBox="[274,1306,373,1260]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[274,1313,367,1267]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Acanthella stanleei sp. nov. A, (UFPEPOR 3229) preserved holotype; B, (UFPEPOR 3230) preserved paratype; C, thick section showing ectosome and choanosome; D, Detail of skeletal reticulation." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2624277/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="291">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
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A–B). Ramose-bushy sponge with flattened shrub growth form measuring
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<date id="925D1048501CFFB05D6B308BFD62F87E" box="[1337,1372,1527,1550]" pageId="0" pageNumber="291">4 x</date>
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4.5 x 2.7 (height x length x thickness—measurements of the
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<typeStatus id="3958882A501CFFB05ABF3366FB71F841" box="[749,847,1562,1585]" pageId="0" pageNumber="291" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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), irregular branches, with some fragments of rhodolite attached to the body of the sponge. Branches measuring
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<quantity id="211B9B6D501CFFB05ABF3340FB5DF823" box="[749,867,1596,1619]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="0.5" pageId="0" pageNumber="291" unit="cm" value="1.0" valueMax="1.5" valueMin="0.5">0.5–1.5 cm</quantity>
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(measurements of the
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<typeStatus id="3958882A501CFFB05C063340FC88F823" box="[1108,1206,1596,1619]" pageId="0" pageNumber="291" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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). Surface hispid, with ends of large choanosomal strongyles projecting through ectosome. Colour is beige to pinkish brown when preserved, colour in life is unknown.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="E65C3688501CFFB0589533D8FBCBF8AE" blockId="0.[151,1436,1388,2036]" pageId="0" pageNumber="291">
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Skeleton (
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<figureCitation id="7ED82A0D501CFFB0596833D8F943F8CB" box="[314,381,1700,1723]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,244,1290,1312]" captionTargetBox="[274,1306,373,1260]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[274,1313,367,1267]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Acanthella stanleei sp. nov. A, (UFPEPOR 3229) preserved holotype; B, (UFPEPOR 3230) preserved paratype; C, thick section showing ectosome and choanosome; D, Detail of skeletal reticulation." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2624277/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="291">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
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C–D). No specialized ectosomal skeleton. Choanosomal skeleton with ascending, thick and dendritic axes (40–
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<emphasis id="D497EA9A501CFFB0593133BAF943F8AE" bold="true" box="[355,381,1734,1758]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="291">64</emphasis>
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–110 µm) of sinuous strongyles plumo-echinated by styles.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="E65C3688501CFFB058953396F982F919" blockId="0.[151,1436,1388,2036]" pageId="0" pageNumber="291">
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Spicules (
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<figureCitation id="7ED82A0D501CFFB059603396F94AF971" box="[306,372,1770,1793]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[151,244,1569,1591]" captionTargetBox="[166,1430,434,1561]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[166,1430,434,1561]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2. Spicule complement of Acanthella stanleei sp. nov. in SEM. A, styles; B, base and tip of styles; C, slightly curved strongyles I; D, sinuous strongyles II." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2624279/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="291">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
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A–D). Styles (300–
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<emphasis id="D497EA9A501CFFB05A1B3395FABBF971" bold="true" box="[585,645,1769,1793]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="291">433.6</emphasis>
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–660 / 3–
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<emphasis id="D497EA9A501CFFB05ABC3395FB31F971" bold="true" box="[750,783,1769,1793]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="291">6.2</emphasis>
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–8 µm): slightly curved, smooth, telescopic or rounded tips (
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<figureCitation id="7ED82A0D501CFFB058CD3270F8DFF953" box="[159,225,1804,1827]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[151,244,1569,1591]" captionTargetBox="[166,1430,434,1561]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[166,1430,434,1561]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2. Spicule complement of Acanthella stanleei sp. nov. in SEM. A, styles; B, base and tip of styles; C, slightly curved strongyles I; D, sinuous strongyles II." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2624279/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="291">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
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A–B); Strongyles I (310–
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<emphasis id="D497EA9A501CFFB059A93270FA09F954" bold="true" box="[507,567,1804,1828]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="291">430.0</emphasis>
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–610 / 5–
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<emphasis id="D497EA9A501CFFB05AF13270FAFAF954" bold="true" box="[675,708,1804,1828]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="291">6.4</emphasis>
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–9 µm): straight to slight curved, smooth (
|
||
<figureCitation id="7ED82A0D501CFFB05CCD3270FCC9F953" box="[1183,1271,1804,1827]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[151,244,1569,1591]" captionTargetBox="[166,1430,434,1561]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[166,1430,434,1561]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2. Spicule complement of Acanthella stanleei sp. nov. in SEM. A, styles; B, base and tip of styles; C, slightly curved strongyles I; D, sinuous strongyles II." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2624279/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="291">Fig. 2C</figureCitation>
|
||
); Strongyles II (400–
|
||
<emphasis id="D497EA9A501CFFB058873252F92EF936" bold="true" box="[213,272,1838,1862]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="291">777.6</emphasis>
|
||
–1030 / 2–
|
||
<emphasis id="D497EA9A501CFFB059DB3252F994F936" bold="true" box="[393,426,1838,1862]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="291">5.1</emphasis>
|
||
–7 µm): sinuous, smooth, thinner (
|
||
<figureCitation id="7ED82A0D501CFFB05B7B3253FBBCF936" box="[809,898,1839,1862]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[151,244,1569,1591]" captionTargetBox="[166,1430,434,1561]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[166,1430,434,1561]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2. Spicule complement of Acanthella stanleei sp. nov. in SEM. A, styles; B, base and tip of styles; C, slightly curved strongyles I; D, sinuous strongyles II." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2624279/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="291">Fig. 2D</figureCitation>
|
||
); Foreign sigmas microscleres were found in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="3958882A501CFFB058C5322EF8CDF919" box="[151,243,1874,1897]" pageId="0" pageNumber="291" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
(45–
|
||
<emphasis id="D497EA9A501CFFB05978322DF967F919" bold="true" box="[298,345,1873,1897]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="291">60.7</emphasis>
|
||
–72 µm).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="AEF96503501CFFB058953208F8C1F9DE" pageId="0" pageNumber="291" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="E65C3688501CFFB058953208F8C1F9DE" blockId="0.[151,1436,1388,2036]" pageId="0" pageNumber="291">
|
||
<emphasis id="D497EA9A501CFFB058953208F979F9FB" bold="true" box="[199,327,1908,1931]" pageId="0" pageNumber="291">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
The specific epithet
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21E34D0B501CFFB05A123208FAADF9FC" authorityName="Nascimento & Cavalcanti & Pinheiro" authorityYear="2019" box="[576,659,1908,1932]" class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Acanthella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="0" pageNumber="291" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="stanleei">
|
||
<emphasis id="D497EA9A501CFFB05A123208FAADF9FC" box="[576,659,1908,1932]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="291">stanleei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in honor of the scriptwriter and editor of Marvel Comics, recently deceased.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="AEF96503501CFFB1589532C6FC27FF49" lastPageId="1" lastPageNumber="292" pageId="0" pageNumber="291" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="E65C3688501CFFB1589532C6FC27FF49" blockId="0.[151,1436,1388,2036]" lastBlockId="1.[151,1436,152,313]" lastPageId="1" lastPageNumber="292" pageId="0" pageNumber="291">
|
||
<emphasis id="D497EA9A501CFFB0589532C6F978F9A1" bold="true" box="[199,326,1978,2001]" pageId="0" pageNumber="291">Discussion.</emphasis>
|
||
In a recent study,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="82724B79501CFFB05A5832C6FB76F9A1" author="Morrow, C. & Cardenas, P." box="[522,840,1978,2001]" pageId="0" pageNumber="291" pagination="7" refId="ref2227" refString="Morrow, C. & Cardenas, P. (2015) Proposal for a revised classification of the Demospongiae (Porifera). Frontiers in Zoology, 12 (1), 7. https: // doi. org / 10.1186 / s 12983 - 015 - 0099 - 8" type="journal article" year="2015">Morrow and Cardenas (2015)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
placed
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21E34D0B501CFFB05BC932C6FC06F9A1" authorityName="Van Soest, Diaz & Pomponi" authorityYear="1990" box="[923,1080,1978,2001]" class="Demospongiae" family="Dictyonellidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Bubarida" pageId="0" pageNumber="291" phylum="Porifera" rank="family">Dictyonellidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21E34D0B501CFFB05C0932C6FC81F9A1" authorityName="Topsent" authorityYear="1894" box="[1115,1215,1978,2001]" class="Demospongiae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Bubarida" pageId="0" pageNumber="291" phylum="Porifera" rank="order">Bubarida</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but the authors also suggest the needing of taxonomic revision due to the presence of three clades mixing species (including
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21E34D0B501CFFB05CA932A0FD50F984" authorityName="Schmidt" authorityYear="1862" box="[1275,1390,2012,2036]" class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Acanthella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="0" pageNumber="291" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D497EA9A501CFFB05CA932A0FD50F984" box="[1275,1390,2012,2036]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="291">Acanthella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21E34D0B501DFFB1588535E4F949FEDF" authorityName="Van Soest, Diaz & Pomponi" authorityYear="1990" box="[215,375,152,175]" class="Demospongiae" family="Dictyonellidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Bubarida" pageId="1" pageNumber="292" phylum="Porifera" rank="family">Dictyonellidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21E34D0B501DFFB159D135E4F9CEFEDF" authorityName="" authorityYear="1894" box="[387,496,152,175]" class="Demospongiae" family="Bubaridae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Axinellida" pageId="1" pageNumber="292" phylum="Porifera" rank="family">Bubaridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21E34D0B501DFFB15A7835E4FA95FEDF" authorityName="" authorityYear="1875" box="[554,683,152,175]" class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Axinellida" pageId="1" pageNumber="292" phylum="Porifera" rank="family">Axinellidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
). In general,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21E34D0B501DFFB15B6E35E4FBE7FEDF" authorityName="Van Soest, Diaz & Pomponi" authorityYear="1990" box="[828,985,152,175]" class="Demospongiae" family="Dictyonellidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Bubarida" pageId="1" pageNumber="292" phylum="Porifera" rank="family">Dictyonellidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
is distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21E34D0B501DFFB15C8335E4FD73FEDF" authorityName="" authorityYear="1875" box="[1233,1357,152,175]" class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Axinellida" pageId="1" pageNumber="292" phylum="Porifera" rank="family">Axinellidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the fleshy surface appearance (velvety in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21E34D0B501DFFB15A6235C6FA92FEA1" authorityName="" authorityYear="1875" box="[560,684,186,209]" class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Axinellida" pageId="1" pageNumber="292" phylum="Porifera" rank="family">Axinellidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
produced by the close-meshed endings of the choanosomal skeleton) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="82724B79501DFFB158CC35A1F9B8FE84" author="Van Soest, R. W. M. & Erpenbeck, D. & Alvarez, B." box="[158,390,220,244]" pageId="1" pageNumber="292" pagination="773 - 786" refId="ref2584" refString="Van Soest, R. W. M., Erpenbeck, D. & Alvarez, B. (2002) Family Dictyonellidae Van Soest, Diaz & Pomponi, 1990. In: Hooper, J. N. A. & Van Soest, R. W. M. (Eds.), Systema Porifera. A guide to the classification of sponges 1. Kluwer Academic / Plenum Publishers, New York, Boston, Dordrecht, London and Moscow, pp. 773 - 786. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 1 - 4615 - 0747 - 5 _ 83" type="book chapter" year="2002">
|
||
Van Soest
|
||
<emphasis id="D497EA9A501DFFB1594235A1F901FE84" box="[272,319,220,244]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="292">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2002
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). But several species may be misidentified regularly among the genera of these two families.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="82724B79501DFFB15D3835A1F8E0FF67" author="Levi, C." pageId="1" pageNumber="292" pagination="577 - 631" refId="ref2166" refString="Levi, C. (1973) Systematique de la classe des Demospongiaria (Demosponges). In: Grasse, P. P. (Ed.), Traite de Zoologie. Anatomie, Systematique, Biologie. Spongiaires. Fol. 3 (1). Masson et Cie, Paris, pp. 577 - 631." type="book chapter" year="1973">Lévi (1973)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
considered
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21E34D0B501DFFB159333583F9EAFF67" authorityName="Schmidt" authorityYear="1862" box="[353,468,255,279]" class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Acanthella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="1" pageNumber="292" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D497EA9A501DFFB159333583F9EAFF67" box="[353,468,255,279]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="292">Acanthella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
part of the family
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21E34D0B501DFFB15AF1347CFB1DFF67" authorityName="" authorityYear="1875" box="[675,803,256,279]" class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Axinellida" pageId="1" pageNumber="292" phylum="Porifera" rank="family">Axinellidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. However, in a phylogenetic analysis of the halichondrids,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="82724B79501DFFB158C5345EF9B4FF49" author="Van Soest, R. W. M. & Diaz, M. C. & Pomponi, S. A." box="[151,394,289,313]" pageId="1" pageNumber="292" pagination="15 - 62" refId="ref2536" refString="Van Soest, R. W. M., Diaz, M. C. & Pomponi, S. A. (1990) Phylogenetic classification of the halichondrids (Porifera, Demospongiae). Beaufortia, 40 (2), 15 - 62." type="journal article" year="1990">
|
||
Van Soest
|
||
<emphasis id="D497EA9A501DFFB15955345EF90BFF49" box="[263,309,289,313]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="292">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (1990)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described a new family
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21E34D0B501DFFB15ADD345EFB12FF49" authorityName="Van Soest, Diaz & Pomponi" authorityYear="1990" box="[655,812,290,313]" class="Demospongiae" family="Dictyonellidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Bubarida" pageId="1" pageNumber="292" phylum="Porifera" rank="family">Dictyonellidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
including
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21E34D0B501DFFB15BCC345DFC2FFF49" authorityName="Schmidt" authorityYear="1862" box="[926,1041,289,313]" class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Acanthella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="1" pageNumber="292" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D497EA9A501DFFB15BCC345DFC2FFF49" box="[926,1041,289,313]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="292">Acanthella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="B29C6600501DFFB158C53076FBBEFB4D" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2624277/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="292" startId="1.[151,244,1290,1312]" targetBox="[274,1306,373,1260]" targetPageId="1">
|
||
<paragraph id="E65C3688501DFFB158C53076FBBEFB4D" blockId="1.[151,1436,1290,1341]" pageId="1" pageNumber="292">
|
||
<emphasis id="D497EA9A501DFFB158C53076F933FB50" bold="true" box="[151,269,1290,1312]" pageId="1" pageNumber="292">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21E34D0B501DFFB159403077F9F5FB50" authority="Nascimento & Cavalcanti & Pinheiro, 2019" authorityName="Nascimento & Cavalcanti & Pinheiro" authorityYear="2019" box="[274,459,1291,1312]" class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Acanthella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="1" pageNumber="292" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="stanleei" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="D497EA9A501DFFB159403077F9F5FB50" box="[274,459,1291,1312]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="292">Acanthella stanleei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="CFA457E1501DFFB159833076FA20FB50" box="[465,542,1290,1312]" pageId="1" pageNumber="292" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="D497EA9A501DFFB159833076FA26FB50" bold="true" box="[465,536,1290,1312]" pageId="1" pageNumber="292">sp. nov</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
A, (UFPEPOR 3229) preserved holotype; B, (UFPEPOR 3230) preserved paratype; C, thick section showing ectosome and choanosome; D, Detail of skeletal reticulation.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="AEF96503501DFFB25895301EF9D3FF0F" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="293" pageId="1" pageNumber="292" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="E65C3688501DFFB15895301EFDBCF83A" blockId="1.[151,1436,1378,2026]" pageId="1" pageNumber="292">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21E34D0B501DFFB15895301EF904FB0A" authorityName="Schmidt" authorityYear="1862" box="[199,314,1378,1402]" class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Acanthella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="1" pageNumber="292" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D497EA9A501DFFB15895301EF904FB0A" box="[199,314,1378,1402]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="292">Acanthella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
may be mistaken for the axinellid genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21E34D0B501DFFB15ABC301EFC24FB0A" authority="Bowerbank, 1862" authorityName="Bowerbank" authorityYear="1862" box="[750,1050,1378,1402]" class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Phakellia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Axinellida" pageId="1" pageNumber="292" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D497EA9A501DFFB15ABC301EFB6AFB0A" box="[750,852,1378,1402]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="292">Phakellia</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="82724B79501DFFB15B09301FFC24FB0A" author="Bowerbank, J. S." box="[859,1050,1379,1402]" pageId="1" pageNumber="292" pagination="1087 - 1135" refId="ref1769" refString="Bowerbank, J. S. (1862) On the Anatomy and Physiology of the Spongiadae. Part III On the Generic Characters, the Specific Characters, and on the Method of Examination. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, 152 (2), 1087 - 1135, pls. LXXII-LXXIV. https: // doi. org / 10.1098 / rstl. 1862.0044" type="journal article" year="1862">Bowerbank, 1862</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Some
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21E34D0B501DFFB15C35301EFCE4FB0A" authorityName="Schmidt" authorityYear="1862" box="[1127,1242,1378,1402]" class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Acanthella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="1" pageNumber="292" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D497EA9A501DFFB15C35301EFCE4FB0A" box="[1127,1242,1378,1402]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="292">Acanthella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species are senior synonyms of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21E34D0B501DFFB1597D30F9F9ABFBED" authorityName="Bowerbank" authorityYear="1862" box="[303,405,1413,1437]" class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Phakellia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Axinellida" pageId="1" pageNumber="292" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D497EA9A501DFFB1597D30F9F9ABFBED" box="[303,405,1413,1437]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="292">Phakellia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species (i. e.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21E34D0B501DFFB15A6530FAFB46FBED" authority="(Burton, 1928)" authorityName="Burton" authorityYear="1928" baseAuthorityName="Burton" baseAuthorityYear="1928" box="[567,888,1413,1437]" class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Acanthella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="1" pageNumber="292" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="columnata">
|
||
<emphasis id="D497EA9A501DFFB15A6530FAFAF4FBED" box="[567,714,1413,1437]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="292">A. columnata</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="82724B79501DFFB15A8E30FAFB4EFBED" author="Burton, M." box="[732,880,1414,1437]" pageId="1" pageNumber="292" pagination="109 - 138" refId="ref1837" refString="Burton, M. (1928) Report on some Deep-Sea Sponges from the Indian Museum collected by R. I. M. S. ' Investigator'. Part II. Tetraxonida (concluded) and Euceratosa. Records of the Indian Museum, 30 (1), 109 - 138." type="journal article" year="1928">Burton, 1928</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
accepted as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21E34D0B501DFFB15C5E30FAFD77FBED" authority="(Burton, 1928)" authorityName="Burton" authorityYear="1928" baseAuthorityName="Burton" baseAuthorityYear="1928" box="[1036,1353,1413,1437]" class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Acanthella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="1" pageNumber="292" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="columnata">
|
||
<emphasis id="D497EA9A501DFFB15C5E30FAFCA5FBED" box="[1036,1179,1413,1437]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="292">P. columnata</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="82724B79501DFFB15CFF30FAFD7FFBED" author="Burton, M." box="[1197,1345,1414,1437]" pageId="1" pageNumber="292" pagination="109 - 138" refId="ref1837" refString="Burton, M. (1928) Report on some Deep-Sea Sponges from the Indian Museum collected by R. I. M. S. ' Investigator'. Part II. Tetraxonida (concluded) and Euceratosa. Records of the Indian Museum, 30 (1), 109 - 138." type="journal article" year="1928">Burton, 1928</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21E34D0B501DFFB15DD730FAF944FBCF" authority="Carter, 1881" authorityName="Carter" authorityYear="1881" baseAuthorityName="Carter" baseAuthorityYear="1881" class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Acanthella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="1" pageNumber="292" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="stipitata">
|
||
<emphasis id="D497EA9A501DFFB15DD730FAF8D1FBCF" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="292">A. stipitata</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="82724B79501DFFB158A730D4F944FBCF" author="Carter, H. J." box="[245,378,1448,1471]" pageId="1" pageNumber="292" pagination="361 - 385" refId="ref1982" refString="Carter, H. J. (1881) Supplementary Report on Specimens dredged up from the Gulf of Manaar, together with others from the Sea in the Vicinity of the Basse Rocks and from Bass's Straits respectively, presented to the Liverpool Free Museum by Capt. H. Cawne Warren. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 5, 7 (41), 361 - 385, pl. XVIII. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222938109459534" type="journal article" year="1881">Carter, 1881</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
accepted as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21E34D0B501DFFB15A5130D5FB20FBCF" authority="(Carter, 1881))" authorityName="Carter" authorityYear="1881" baseAuthorityName="Carter" baseAuthorityYear="1881" box="[515,798,1448,1472]" class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Acanthella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="1" pageNumber="292" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="stipitata">
|
||
<emphasis id="D497EA9A501DFFB15A5130D5FA4BFBCF" box="[515,629,1448,1472]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="292">P. stipitata</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="82724B79501DFFB15A2E30D4FB20FBCF" author="Carter, H. J." box="[636,798,1448,1471]" pageId="1" pageNumber="292" pagination="361 - 385" refId="ref1982" refString="Carter, H. J. (1881) Supplementary Report on Specimens dredged up from the Gulf of Manaar, together with others from the Sea in the Vicinity of the Basse Rocks and from Bass's Straits respectively, presented to the Liverpool Free Museum by Capt. H. Cawne Warren. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 5, 7 (41), 361 - 385, pl. XVIII. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222938109459534" type="journal article" year="1881">(Carter, 1881))</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="82724B79501DFFB15B7B30D4FC25FBCF" author="Hooper, J. N. A. & Levi, C." box="[809,1051,1448,1471]" pageId="1" pageNumber="292" pagination="1395 - 1472" refId="ref2115" refString="Hooper, J. N. A. & Levi, C. (1993) Axinellida (Porifera: Demospongiae) from the New Caledonia Lagoon. Invertebrate Taxonomy, 7 (6), 1395 - 1472. https: // doi. org / 10.1071 / IT 9931395" type="journal article" year="1993">Hooper & Lévi (1993)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
based on an examination of several species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21E34D0B501DFFB1595E30B6F94CFB92" authorityName="Bowerbank" authorityYear="1862" box="[268,370,1482,1506]" class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Phakellia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Axinellida" pageId="1" pageNumber="292" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D497EA9A501DFFB1595E30B6F94CFB92" box="[268,370,1482,1506]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="292">Phakellia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21E34D0B501DFFB159F930B6FA20FB92" authorityName="Schmidt" authorityYear="1862" box="[427,542,1482,1506]" class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Acanthella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="1" pageNumber="292" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D497EA9A501DFFB159F930B6FA20FB92" box="[427,542,1482,1506]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="292">Acanthella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, indicated that the two genera can be separated on the basis of overall shape and skeletal architecture. Members of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21E34D0B501DFFB15A5A3091FA50F875" authorityName="Bowerbank" authorityYear="1862" box="[520,622,1517,1541]" class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Phakellia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Axinellida" pageId="1" pageNumber="292" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D497EA9A501DFFB15A5A3091FA50F875" box="[520,622,1517,1541]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="292">Phakellia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are flabelliform and have an axial and extra-axial skeleton and a reticulate peripheral skeleton.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21E34D0B501DFFB159273373F9D7F857" authorityName="Schmidt" authorityYear="1862" box="[373,489,1551,1575]" class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Acanthella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="1" pageNumber="292" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D497EA9A501DFFB159273373F9D7F857" box="[373,489,1551,1575]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="292">Acanthella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species usually have an erect, bushy, ramose, lamellate or lobate habit (with a highly plasticity of the external morphology), lack an axial and extra-axial skeleton, and have a dendritic peripheral skeleton.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E65C3688501DFFB15895332AFAC6F94D" blockId="1.[151,1436,1378,2026]" pageId="1" pageNumber="292">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="82724B79501DFFB15895332AF9DBF81D" author="Alvarez, B. & Hooper, J. N. A." box="[199,485,1622,1645]" pageId="1" pageNumber="292" pagination="13 - 36" refId="ref1713" refString="Alvarez, B., & Hooper, J. N. A. (2010) Taxonomic revision of the order Halichondrida (Porifera: Demospongiae) of northern Australia. Family Dictyonellidae. The Beagle, Records of the Museums and Art Galleries of the Northern Territory, 26, 13 - 36." type="journal article" year="2010">Alvarez & Hooper (2010)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
suggest that identification of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21E34D0B501DFFB15B643329FB97F81D" authorityName="Schmidt" authorityYear="1862" box="[822,937,1621,1645]" class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Acanthella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="1" pageNumber="292" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D497EA9A501DFFB15B643329FB97F81D" box="[822,937,1621,1645]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="292">Acanthella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species using only traditional morphological characters will remain imprecise. However, we believe in this specific case, that morphological characters are reliable to assign the new species in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21E34D0B501DFFB159FA33E6FA25F8C2" authorityName="Schmidt" authorityYear="1862" box="[424,539,1690,1714]" class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Acanthella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="1" pageNumber="292" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D497EA9A501DFFB159FA33E6FA25F8C2" box="[424,539,1690,1714]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="292">Acanthella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, due to the similarities with the
|
||
<typeStatus id="3958882A501DFFB15B2333E7FBA1F8C2" box="[881,927,1691,1714]" pageId="1" pageNumber="292">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21E34D0B501DFFB15BAB33E6FD6CF8C2" authority="Schmidt, 1862" authorityName="Schmidt" authorityYear="1862" box="[1017,1362,1690,1714]" class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Acanthella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="1" pageNumber="292" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="acuta">
|
||
<emphasis id="D497EA9A501DFFB15BAB33E6FC93F8C2" box="[1017,1197,1690,1714]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="292">Acanthella acuta</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="82724B79501DFFB15CE633E7FD6CF8C2" author="Schmidt, O." box="[1204,1362,1691,1714]" pageId="1" pageNumber="292" pagination="1 - 7" refId="ref2369" refString="Schmidt, O. (1862) Die Spongien des adriatischen Meeres. Fol 1. Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig, i-viii + 1 - 88 + 1 - 7." type="book chapter" year="1862">Schmidt, 1862</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. When compared both species, they share bushy shape, and choanosomal skeleton of dendritic tracts cored by strongyles and echinated by styles. But, they can be differentiated by the presence of two categories of styles and much larger strongyles in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21E34D0B501DFFB158E0327FF934F96A" authorityName="Schmidt" authorityYear="1862" box="[178,266,1795,1818]" class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Acanthella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="1" pageNumber="292" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="acuta">
|
||
<emphasis id="D497EA9A501DFFB158E0327FF8FCF96A" box="[178,194,1795,1818]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="292">A</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="D497EA9A501DFFB1589D327FF934F96A" box="[207,266,1795,1818]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="292">acuta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21E34D0B501DFFB15945327EF9DDF96A" authority="Nascimento & Cavalcanti & Pinheiro, 2019" authorityName="Nascimento & Cavalcanti & Pinheiro" authorityYear="2019" box="[279,483,1794,1818]" class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Acanthella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="1" pageNumber="292" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="stanleei" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="D497EA9A501DFFB15945327EF9DDF96A" box="[279,483,1794,1818]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="292">Acanthella stanleei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="D497EA9A501DFFB159BB327FFA00F96A" bold="true" box="[489,574,1795,1818]" pageId="1" pageNumber="292">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="CFA457E1501DFFB159BB327FFA00F96A" box="[489,574,1795,1818]" pageId="1" pageNumber="292" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
differs from the other five species recorded for the Atlantic by its combination of spicule composition and length of the spicules (
|
||
<tableCitation id="AB610333501DFFB15AC3325AFADCF94D" box="[657,738,1830,1853]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,239,152,175]" captionText="TABLE 1. Comparative micrometric data on the spicules and distribution overview of the new Acanthella species from Atlantic Ocean. Values are in micrometers (µm), expressed as follows: minimum–maximum or minimum–mean– maximum length/width. References are numbered in parentheses and listed after the table." pageId="1" pageNumber="292">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
.).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E65C3688501DFFB25895323BF9D3FF0F" blockId="1.[151,1436,1378,2026]" lastBlockId="2.[151,1436,151,383]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="293" pageId="1" pageNumber="292">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21E34D0B501DFFB15895323BFA60F92F" authority="(Alcolado, 1984)" authorityName="Alcolado" authorityYear="1984" baseAuthorityName="Alcolado" baseAuthorityYear="1984" box="[199,606,1863,1887]" class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Acanthella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="1" pageNumber="292" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="cubensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="D497EA9A501DFFB15895323BF9A0F92F" box="[199,414,1863,1887]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="292">Acanthella cubensis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="82724B79501DFFB159FF3234FA68F92F" author="Alcolado, P. M." box="[429,598,1864,1887]" pageId="1" pageNumber="292" pagination="1 - 22" refId="ref1627" refString="Alcolado, P. M. (1984) Nuevas especies de esponjas encontradas en Cuba. Poeyana, 271, 1 - 22." type="journal article" year="1984">Alcolado, 1984</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have much larger styles and strongyles than the new species. In addition,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21E34D0B501DFFB15DD73234F8CDF9F2" baseAuthorityName="Alcolado" baseAuthorityYear="1984" class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Acanthella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="1" pageNumber="292" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="cubensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="D497EA9A501DFFB15DD73234F8CDF9F2" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="292">A. cubensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a variation of the strongyles to strongyloxeas.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21E34D0B501DFFB15B403216FC55F9F2" authority="(Carter, 1876)" authorityName="Carter" authorityYear="1876" baseAuthorityName="Carter" baseAuthorityYear="1876" box="[786,1131,1898,1922]" class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Acanthella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="1" pageNumber="292" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="erecta">
|
||
<emphasis id="D497EA9A501DFFB15B403216FBF0F9F2" box="[786,974,1898,1922]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="292">Acanthella erecta</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="82724B79501DFFB15B8E3217FC5DF9F2" author="Carter, H. J." box="[988,1123,1899,1922]" pageId="1" pageNumber="292" pagination="226 - 240" refId="ref1891" refString="Carter, H. J. (1876) Descriptions and Figures of Deep-Sea Sponges and their Spicules, from the Atlantic Ocean, dredged up on board H. M. S. ' Porcupine', chiefly in 1869 (concluded). Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 4, 18 (105 - 108), 226 - 240 + 307 - 324 + 388 - 410 + 458 - 479, pls. XII-XVI. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222937608682035" type="journal article" year="1876">Carter, 1876</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21E34D0B501DFFB15CCD3217F90EF9D5" authority="Van Soest & Stentoft, 1988" authorityName="Van Soest & Stentoft" authorityYear="1988" class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Acanthella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="1" pageNumber="292" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="vaceleti">
|
||
<emphasis id="D497EA9A501DFFB15CCD3217FC91F9F2" box="[1183,1199,1899,1922]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="292">A</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="D497EA9A501DFFB15CEE3216FD31F9F2" box="[1212,1295,1898,1922]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="292">vaceleti</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="82724B79501DFFB15D443217F90EF9D5" author="Van Soest, R. W. M. & Stentoft, N." pageId="1" pageNumber="292" pagination="1 - 175" refId="ref2459" refString="Van Soest, R. W. M. & Stentoft, N. (1988) Barbados Deep-Water Sponges. In: Hummelinck, P. W. & Van der Steen, L. J. (Eds.), Uitgaven van de Natuurwetenschappelijke Studiekring voor Suriname en de Nederlandse Antillen. No. 122. Studies on the Fauna of Curacao andother Caribbean Islands, 70, 215, 1 - 175." type="journal article" year="1988">Van Soest & Stentoft, 1988</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have smaller styles than the new species.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21E34D0B501DFFB15B5732F1FBFAF9D5" baseAuthorityName="Carter" baseAuthorityYear="1876" box="[773,964,1933,1957]" class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Acanthella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="1" pageNumber="292" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="erecta">
|
||
<emphasis id="D497EA9A501DFFB15B5732F1FBFAF9D5" box="[773,964,1933,1957]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="292">Acanthella erecta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
also presents strongyles smaller and styles thicker than those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21E34D0B501DFFB1592532D3FA7BF9B7" authority="Nascimento & Cavalcanti & Pinheiro, 2019" authorityName="Nascimento & Cavalcanti & Pinheiro" authorityYear="2019" box="[375,581,1967,1991]" class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Acanthella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="1" pageNumber="292" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="stanleei" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="D497EA9A501DFFB1592532D3FA7BF9B7" box="[375,581,1967,1991]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="292">Acanthella stanleei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="CFA457E1501DFFB15A1932CCFA9EF9B7" box="[587,672,1968,1991]" pageId="1" pageNumber="292" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="D497EA9A501DFFB15A1932CCFAA7F9B7" bold="true" box="[587,665,1968,1991]" pageId="1" pageNumber="292">sp. nov</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21E34D0B501DFFB15AF432D3FC6DF9B7" authority="(Schmidt, 1870)" authorityName="Schmidt" authorityYear="1870" baseAuthorityName="Schmidt" baseAuthorityYear="1870" box="[678,1107,1967,1991]" class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Acanthella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="1" pageNumber="292" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="mastophora">
|
||
<emphasis id="D497EA9A501DFFB15AF432D3FB9EF9B7" box="[678,928,1967,1991]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="292">Acanthella mastophora</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="82724B79501DFFB15BFC32CCFC72F9B7" author="Schmidt, O." box="[942,1100,1968,1991]" pageId="1" pageNumber="292" refId="ref2400" refString="Schmidt, O. (1870) Grundzuge einer Spongien-Fauna des atlantischen Gebietes. Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig, iii-iv + 1 - 88 + pls. I- VI." type="book" year="1870">Schmidt, 1870</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the Floridian Region is a bushy sponge, with short or long peduncle. They are different in spicule composition,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21E34D0B501DFFB15C6032AFFCF1F99A" baseAuthorityName="Schmidt" baseAuthorityYear="1870" box="[1074,1231,2002,2026]" class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Acanthella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="1" pageNumber="292" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="mastophora">
|
||
<emphasis id="D497EA9A501DFFB15C6032AFFCF1F99A" box="[1074,1231,2002,2026]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="292">A. mastophora</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has two categories of styles that present maximum size larger than the styles in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21E34D0B501EFFB25B4835EBFBB4FEDF" authority="Nascimento & Cavalcanti & Pinheiro, 2019" authorityName="Nascimento & Cavalcanti & Pinheiro" authorityYear="2019" box="[794,906,151,175]" class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Acanthella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="2" pageNumber="293" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="stanleei" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="D497EA9A501EFFB25B4835EBFBB4FEDF" box="[794,906,151,175]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="293">A. stanleei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="D497EA9A501EFFB25BC335E4FBD8FEDF" bold="true" box="[913,998,152,175]" pageId="2" pageNumber="293">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="CFA457E1501EFFB25BC335E4FBD8FEDF" box="[913,998,152,175]" pageId="2" pageNumber="293" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, and strongyles which can vary to oxeas, while
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21E34D0B501EFFB2588935C5F995FEA1" authority="Nascimento & Cavalcanti & Pinheiro, 2019" authorityName="Nascimento & Cavalcanti & Pinheiro" authorityYear="2019" box="[219,427,185,209]" class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Acanthella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="2" pageNumber="293" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="stanleei" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="D497EA9A501EFFB2588935C5F995FEA1" box="[219,427,185,209]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="293">Acanthella stanleei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="D497EA9A501EFFB259E635C6FA32FEA1" bold="true" box="[436,524,186,209]" pageId="2" pageNumber="293">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="CFA457E1501EFFB259E635C6FA32FEA1" box="[436,524,186,209]" pageId="2" pageNumber="293" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
has one category of styles and two categories of strongyles. Additionally, the new species has not peduncle as seen in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21E34D0B501EFFB25A4435A1FA8DFE84" baseAuthorityName="Schmidt" baseAuthorityYear="1870" box="[534,691,220,244]" class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Acanthella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="2" pageNumber="293" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="mastophora">
|
||
<emphasis id="D497EA9A501EFFB25A4435A1FA8DFE84" box="[534,691,220,244]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="293">A. mastophora</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The only species recorded for the Brazilian coast is
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21E34D0B501EFFB25CBC35A1F9EFFF67" authority="(Van Soest & Stentoft, 1988)" authorityName="Muricy" authorityYear="2018" baseAuthorityName="Van Soest & Stentoft" baseAuthorityYear="1988" class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Acanthella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="2" pageNumber="293" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="flagelliformis">
|
||
<emphasis id="D497EA9A501EFFB25CBC35A1FDA2FE84" box="[1262,1436,220,244]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="293">A. flagelliformis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="82724B79501EFFB258CC347CF9F6FF67" author="Van Soest, R. W. M. & Stentoft, N." box="[158,456,256,279]" pageId="2" pageNumber="293" pagination="1 - 175" refId="ref2459" refString="Van Soest, R. W. M. & Stentoft, N. (1988) Barbados Deep-Water Sponges. In: Hummelinck, P. W. & Van der Steen, L. J. (Eds.), Uitgaven van de Natuurwetenschappelijke Studiekring voor Suriname en de Nederlandse Antillen. No. 122. Studies on the Fauna of Curacao andother Caribbean Islands, 70, 215, 1 - 175." type="journal article" year="1988">Van Soest & Stentoft, 1988</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
that differs from the new species by its cone shape and the presence of two categories of styles and one of strongyles or oxeas.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21E34D0B501EFFB25A6D345DFB75FF49" authorityName="Muricy" authorityYear="2018" baseAuthorityName="Van Soest & Stentoft" baseAuthorityYear="1988" box="[575,843,289,313]" class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Acanthella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="2" pageNumber="293" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="flagelliformis">
|
||
<emphasis id="D497EA9A501EFFB25A6D345DFB75FF49" box="[575,843,289,313]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="293">Acanthella flagelliformis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
also has styles and strongyles larger and thicker than those of the new species. The number of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21E34D0B501EFFB25A1C3438FAFCFF2C" authorityName="Schmidt" authorityYear="1862" box="[590,706,324,348]" class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Acanthella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="2" pageNumber="293" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D497EA9A501EFFB25A1C3438FAFCFF2C" box="[590,706,324,348]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="293">Acanthella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species from the West Tropical Atlantic Ocean increases to six with the addition of this new species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |