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<document id="DCF14D426BC6C2304568C5EA196F1B1E" ID="10.11646/zootaxa.4146.1.1" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4146.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="f27bf01d-bf27-4e86-b2ba-81b84931d348" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="268078" ID-ZooBank="35E0DECB-20CE-4295-AE8E-CB3CAB226C70" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1470033666767" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Sara A. Lourie, Riley A. Pollom &amp; Sarah J. Foster" docDate="2016" docId="03C42F370C4B733AFF66C8A3B972D8E5" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4146.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4146 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Hippocampus spinosissimus Weber 1913" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="40" masterDocId="FFFD574F0C6C7312FFF1C92FBC3BD96D" masterDocTitle="A global revision of the Seahorses Hippocampus Rafinesque 1810 (Actinopterygii: Syngnathiformes): Taxonomy and biogeography with recommendations for further research" masterLastPageNumber="66" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="40" updateTime="1698366633973" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="6E450BE133D33AE1AE266647FE4E8D6C">A global revision of the Seahorses Hippocampus Rafinesque 1810 (Actinopterygii: Syngnathiformes): Taxonomy and biogeography with recommendations for further research</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="C9B60760B04F74AAF3E1520FD9736365">Sara A. Lourie</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="29EBBE279048812444CE12F02E891A5C">Riley A. Pollom</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="18EF5C35BA37B1CFA77968F28992D6EE">Sarah J. Foster</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="2BE638D83947C927A2F5CCBFDFEA4721">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="7169F57CDC3C5F0EE7185943667831A9">2016</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="018DCCA361604EE96AF492B5AAF7B8C3">4146</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="073BD6FB1A9037BA454809F711E7AA10" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4146.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03C42F370C4B733AFF66C8A3B972D8E5" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6090995" ID-GBIF-Taxon="125134191" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6090995" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C42F370C4B733AFF66C8A3B972D8E5" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C42F370C4B733AFF66C8A3B972D8E5" lastPageId="40" lastPageNumber="40" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
<subSubSection id="C377CDAA0C4B7335FF66C8A3BE8AD887" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BD29E210C4B7335FF66C8A3BDC4D8CB" blockId="39.[151,511,396,422]" box="[151,511,396,422]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
<heading id="D09A294D0C4B7335FF66C8A3BDC4D8CB" bold="true" box="[151,511,396,422]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C6DE5A20C4B7335FF66C8A3BDC4D8CB" ID-CoL="3LZPC" authority="Weber 1913" authorityName="Weber" authorityYear="1913" box="[151,511,396,422]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Syngnathidae" genus="Hippocampus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Syngnathiformes" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="spinosissimus">
<emphasis id="B91942330C4B7335FF66C8A3BDC4D8CB" bold="true" box="[151,511,396,422]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
<emphasis id="B91942330C4B7335FF66C8A3BD59D8CB" bold="true" box="[151,354,396,422]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">H. spinosissimus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFFCE3D00C4B7335FE9BC8A3BDC4D8CB" author="Weber" box="[362,511,396,422]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" refString="Weber, M. (1913) Die Fische der Siboga-Expedition. E. J. Brill, Leiden." type="book" year="1913">Weber 1913</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD29E210C4B7335FF66C8FDBE8AD887" blockId="39.[151,1436,466,707]" box="[151,689,466,491]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
<emphasis id="B91942330C4B7335FF66C8FDBE92D886" bold="true" box="[151,681,466,491]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">English common names. Hedgehog Seahorse</emphasis>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C377CDAA0C4B7335FF36C8D9BE34DB3A" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BD29E210C4B7335FF36C8D9BF13DB5E" blockId="39.[151,1436,466,707]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
<emphasis id="B91942330C4B7335FF36C8D9BD72DB62" bold="true" box="[199,329,502,527]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Synonyms.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C6DE5A20C4B7335FEA2C8D8BE6FDB62" authority="Kuiter 2001" authorityName="Kuiter" authorityYear="2001" box="[339,596,502,527]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Syngnathidae" genus="Hippocampus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Syngnathiformes" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alatus">
<emphasis id="B91942330C4B7335FEA2C8D8BD87DB63" box="[339,444,502,526]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">H. alatus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFFCE3D00C4B7335FE36C8D9BE6FDB62" author="Kuiter" box="[455,596,502,527]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" refString="Kuiter, R. (2001) Revision of the Australian seahorses of the genus Hippocampus (Syngnathiformes: Syngnathidae) with descriptions of nine new species. Records of the Australian Museum, 53, 293 - 340. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.3853 / j. 0067 - 1975.53.2001.1350" type="journal article" year="2001">Kuiter 2001</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C6DE5A20C4B7335FD92C8D8BF68DB62" authority="Roule 1916" authorityName="Roule" authorityYear="1916" box="[611,851,502,527]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Syngnathidae" genus="Hippocampus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Syngnathiformes" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="arnei">
<emphasis id="B91942330C4B7335FD92C8D8BEF8DB63" box="[611,707,503,526]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">H. arnei</emphasis>
Roule 1916
</taxonomicName>
(in part),
<taxonomicName id="4C6DE5A20C4B7335FC3CC8D8B93DDB62" authority="Fricke 2004" authorityName="Fricke" authorityYear="2004" box="[973,1286,502,527]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Syngnathidae" genus="Hippocampus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Syngnathiformes" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="curvicuspis">
<emphasis id="B91942330C4B7335FC3CC8D8B849DB63" box="[973,1138,503,526]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">H. curvicuspis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFFCE3D00C4B7335FB8DC8D9B93DDB62" author="Fricke" box="[1148,1286,502,527]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" refString="Fricke, R. (2004) Review of the pipefishes and seahorses (Teleostei: Syngnathidae) of New Caledonia, with descriptions of five new species. Stuttgarter Beitrage zur Naturkunde A, 668, 66 pp." type="book" year="2004">Fricke 2004</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(in part),
<taxonomicName id="4C6DE5A20C4B7335FA70C8D8BDE9DB5E" authority="Horne 2001" authorityName="Horne" authorityYear="2001" class="Actinopterygii" family="Syngnathidae" genus="Hippocampus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Syngnathiformes" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="queenslandicus">
<emphasis id="B91942330C4B7335FA70C8D8BD7FDB5E" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">H. queenslandicus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFFCE3D00C4B7335FEBBCB34BDE9DB5E" author="Horne" box="[330,466,539,563]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" refString="Horne, M. (2001) A new seahorse species (Syngnathidae: Hippocampus) from the Great Barrier Reef. Records of the Australian Museum, 53, 243 - 246. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.3853 / j. 0067 - 1975.53.2001.1330" type="journal article" year="2001">Horne 2001</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C6DE5A20C4B7335FE2CCB34BF1EDB5E" authority="Kuiter 2001" authorityName="Kuiter" authorityYear="2001" box="[477,805,538,563]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Syngnathidae" genus="Hippocampus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Syngnathiformes" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="semispinosus">
<emphasis id="B91942330C4B7335FE2CCB34BEAFDB5F" box="[477,660,539,562]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">H. semispinosus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFFCE3D00C4B7335FD6BCB35BF1EDB5E" author="Kuiter" box="[666,805,538,563]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" refString="Kuiter, R. (2001) Revision of the Australian seahorses of the genus Hippocampus (Syngnathiformes: Syngnathidae) with descriptions of nine new species. Records of the Australian Museum, 53, 293 - 340. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.3853 / j. 0067 - 1975.53.2001.1350" type="journal article" year="2001">Kuiter 2001</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD29E210C4B7335FF36CB11BE34DB3A" blockId="39.[151,1436,466,707]" box="[199,527,574,599]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
<emphasis id="B91942330C4B7335FF36CB11BD02DB3A" bold="true" box="[199,313,574,599]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Syntypes.</emphasis>
ZMA 104.665 (2).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C377CDAA0C4B7335FF36CB4DBE4DDB16" box="[199,630,610,635]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BD29E210C4B7335FF36CB4DBE4DDB16" blockId="39.[151,1436,466,707]" box="[199,630,610,635]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
<materialsCitation id="3B05947C0C4B7335FF36CB4DBE4DDB16" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1416636191" box="[199,630,610,635]" country="Indonesia" location="Sapeh Strait" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="B91942330C4B7335FF36CB4DBD5EDB16" bold="true" box="[199,357,610,635]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
<typeStatus id="54D620830C4B7335FF36CB4DBD39DB16" box="[199,258,610,635]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Type</typeStatus>
locality.
</emphasis>
<location id="8EB2C8FA0C4B7335FE9DCB4DBDCDDB16" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C42F370C4B733AFF66C8A3B972D8E5:8EB2C8FA0C4B7335FE9DCB4DBDCDDB16" box="[364,502,610,635]" country="Indonesia" name="Sapeh Strait" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Sapeh Strait</location>
,
<collectingCountry id="F37ADEB10C4B7335FDF3CB4DBE48DB16" box="[514,627,610,635]" name="Indonesia" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C377CDAA0C4B733AFF36CBA9B972D8E5" lastPageId="40" lastPageNumber="41" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BD29E210C4B7335FF36CBA9BF31DBAF" blockId="39.[151,1436,466,707]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
<emphasis id="B91942330C4B7335FF36CBA9BD5BDBF2" bold="true" box="[199,352,646,671]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Distribution.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F37ADEB10C4B7335FE99CBA9BDF4DBF2" box="[360,463,646,671]" name="Australia" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Australia</collectingCountry>
(north),
<collectingCountry id="F37ADEB10C4B7335FDC5CBA9BE91DBF2" box="[564,682,646,671]" name="Cambodia" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Cambodia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F37ADEB10C4B7335FD46CBA9BEC8DBF2" box="[695,755,646,671]" name="India" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">India</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F37ADEB10C4B7335FCF1CBA9BF4BDBF2" box="[768,880,646,671]" name="Indonesia" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F37ADEB10C4B7335FC8DCBA9BFDDDBF2" box="[892,998,646,671]" name="Malaysia" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F37ADEB10C4B7335FC03CBA8B85ADBF2" box="[1010,1121,647,671]" name="Myanmar" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Myanmar</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F37ADEB10C4B7335FB9CCBA9B8D5DBF2" box="[1133,1262,646,671]" name="Philippines" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Philippines</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F37ADEB10C4B7335FB0BCBA9B954DBF2" box="[1274,1391,646,671]" name="Singapore" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Singapore</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F37ADEB10C4B7335FA8ACBA9BCDBDBAE" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
<collectingRegion id="49A950C30C4B7335FA8ACBA9B9A7DBF2" box="[1403,1436,646,671]" country="United Kingdom" name="Surrey" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Sri</collectingRegion>
Lanka
</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F37ADEB10C4B7335FF1ACB85BE21DBAE" box="[235,538,682,707]" name="Taiwan" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Taiwan, Province of China</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F37ADEB10C4B7335FDD4CB85BEB0DBAE" box="[549,651,682,707]" name="Thailand" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Thailand</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F37ADEB10C4B7335FD67CB85BF3DDBAF" box="[662,774,682,707]" name="Vietnam" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Viet Nam</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF12CEA90C4B7335FF66CCDCB846DF64" box="[151,1149,1523,1545]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/268113/files/figure.png" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" targetBox="[340,1246,798,1494]" targetPageId="39">
<paragraph id="8BD29E210C4B7335FF66CCDCB846DF64" blockId="39.[151,1149,1523,1545]" box="[151,1149,1523,1545]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
<emphasis id="B91942330C4B7335FF66CCDCBD24DF64" bold="true" box="[151,287,1523,1545]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">FIGURE 36.</emphasis>
Range map for
<emphasis id="B91942330C4B7335FE33CCDBBED3DF64" box="[450,744,1524,1545]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
<taxonomicName id="4C6DE5A20C4B7335FE33CCDBBEDFDF64" box="[450,740,1524,1545]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Syngnathidae" genus="Hippocampus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Syngnathiformes" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="spinosissimus">Hippocampus spinosissimus</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
See Figure 2 caption for further details.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BD29E210C4B733AFF36CF60B972D8E5" blockId="39.[151,1436,1615,2036]" lastBlockId="40.[151,1436,151,392]" lastPageId="40" lastPageNumber="41" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
<materialsCitation id="3B05947C0C4B7335FF36CF60BCEDDF95" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1416636185" collectionCode="ZMA" collectorName="Lourie &amp; Southeast Asia" location="They" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" specimenCode="ZMA 114.473" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="A" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="B91942330C4B7335FF36CF60BD2ADF05" bold="true" box="[199,273,1615,1640]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Notes.</emphasis>
The
<typeStatus id="54D620830C4B7335FEBACF7FBD40DF05" box="[331,379,1616,1640]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">type</typeStatus>
specimens of
<taxonomicName id="4C6DE5A20C4B7335FDEDCF7FBEE2DF0A" box="[540,729,1616,1639]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Syngnathidae" genus="Hippocampus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Syngnathiformes" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="spinosissimus">
<emphasis id="B91942330C4B7335FDEDCF7FBEE2DF0A" box="[540,729,1616,1639]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">H. spinosissimus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are surprisingly small, yet they are males with fully developed pouches.
<location id="8EB2C8FA0C4B7335FEF2CF5CBD06DFE1" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C42F370C4B733AFF66C8A3B972D8E5:8EB2C8FA0C4B7335FEF2CF5CBD06DFE1" box="[259,317,1651,1676]" name="They" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" stateProvince="A">They</location>
also have clear nose spines, double cheek spines, and all body spines are approximately equally developed.
<collectingRegion id="49A950C30C4B7335FEE8CFB7BD16DFDD" box="[281,301,1688,1712]" country="Nigeria" name="Rivers" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">A</collectingRegion>
third specimen labelled as ‘type’ (
<specimenCode id="DBCB365A0C4B7335FD47CFB8BF61DFC2" box="[694,858,1687,1711]" collectionCode="ZMA" country="Netherlands" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/a65z-wv6r" name="Universiteit van Amsterdam, Zoologisch Museum" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
<collectionCode id="ED7C06E40C4B7335FD47CFB8BECDDFC2" box="[694,758,1687,1711]" country="Netherlands" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/a65z-wv6r" name="Universiteit van Amsterdam, Zoologisch Museum" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">ZMA</collectionCode>
114.473
</specimenCode>
) had single cheek spines.
<bibRefCitation id="EFFCE3D00C4B7335FB72CFB8B95ADFC2" box="[1155,1377,1687,1712]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" refString="Lourie, S., Vincent, A. &amp; Hall, H. (1999) Seahorses: An Identification Guide to the World's Species and Their Conservation. Project Seahorse, London, UK." type="book">
<collectorName id="2698FBF70C4B7335FB72CFB8B8F5DFDD" box="[1155,1230,1687,1712]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Lourie</collectorName>
<emphasis id="B91942330C4B7335FB24CFB7B935DFC2" box="[1237,1294,1687,1711]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">et al.</emphasis>
(1999)
</bibRefCitation>
used this name to refer to spiny seahorses from across
<collectorName id="2698FBF70C4B7335FD3CCF94BF42DFB9" box="[717,889,1723,1748]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Southeast Asia</collectorName>
, even though the latter frequently lacked a nose spine
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="3B05947C0C4B733AFF10CFCFB972D8E5" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1416636175" collectionCode="BOLD" collectorName="Appendix N &amp; Lourie &amp; At &amp; Kuiter &amp; Allen &amp; Erdmann &amp; Southeast Asian &amp; The" country="Australia" county="However" lastPageId="40" lastPageNumber="41" location="Morphological" municipality="Lourie" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" specimenCode="BOLD 2016" specimenCount="172" stateProvince="No" typeStatus="holotype">
<collectingRegion id="49A950C30C4B7335FF10CFCFBD38DF9A" box="[225,259,1760,1783]" country="Haiti" name="Nord" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">No</collectingRegion>
genetic data are available from the
<typeStatus id="54D620830C4B7335FD6ECFCFBEF4DF95" box="[671,719,1760,1784]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">type</typeStatus>
specimens.
<location id="8EB2C8FA0C4B7335FCADCFF0B839DF95" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C42F370C4B733AFF66C8A3B972D8E5:8EB2C8FA0C4B7335FCADCFF0B839DF95" box="[860,1026,1759,1784]" country="Australia" county="However" municipality="Lourie" name="Morphological" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" stateProvince="No">Morphological</location>
and genetic data do not support the distinctness of
<taxonomicName id="4C6DE5A20C4B7335FECFCE2BBE36DE76" box="[318,525,1795,1819]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Syngnathidae" genus="Hippocampus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Syngnathiformes" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="queenslandicus">
<emphasis id="B91942330C4B7335FECFCE2BBE36DE76" box="[318,525,1795,1819]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">H. queenslandicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
nor
<taxonomicName id="4C6DE5A20C4B7335FDCFCE2BBECFDE76" box="[574,756,1796,1819]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Syngnathidae" genus="Hippocampus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Syngnathiformes" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="semispinosus">
<emphasis id="B91942330C4B7335FDCFCE2BBECFDE76" box="[574,756,1796,1819]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">H. semispinosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from what is understood as
<taxonomicName id="4C6DE5A20C4B7335FBDFCE2BB8D1DE76" box="[1070,1258,1796,1819]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Syngnathidae" genus="Hippocampus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Syngnathiformes" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="spinosissimus">
<emphasis id="B91942330C4B7335FBDFCE2BB8D1DE76" box="[1070,1258,1796,1819]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">H. spinosissimus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by
<bibRefCitation id="EFFCE3D00C4B7335FAE2CE2CBCDADE52" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" refString="Lourie, S., Vincent, A. &amp; Hall, H. (1999) Seahorses: An Identification Guide to the World's Species and Their Conservation. Project Seahorse, London, UK." type="book">
<location id="8EB2C8FA0C4B7335FAE2CE2CB965DE71" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C42F370C4B733AFF66C8A3B972D8E5:8EB2C8FA0C4B7335FAE2CE2CB965DE71" box="[1299,1374,1795,1820]" country="Australia" county="However" municipality="Lourie" name="Lourie" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" stateProvince="No">Lourie</location>
<emphasis id="B91942330C4B7335FA95CE2BB9A7DE76" box="[1380,1436,1795,1819]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">et al.</emphasis>
(1999)
</bibRefCitation>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFFCE3D00C4B7335FF04CE08BDEDDE52" author="Teske" box="[245,470,1831,1856]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" refString="Teske, P. R., Lourie, S. A., Matthee, C. A. &amp; Green, D. M. (2007 c) Hippocampus queenslandicus Horne, 2001 - a new seahorse species or yet another synonym? Australian Journal of Zoology, 55, 139 - 145. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1071 / ZO 07021" type="journal article" year="2007" yearSuffix="c">
<location id="8EB2C8FA0C4B7335FF04CE08BD03DE2D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C42F370C4B733AFF66C8A3B972D8E5:8EB2C8FA0C4B7335FF04CE08BD03DE2D" box="[245,312,1831,1856]" country="Australia" county="However" municipality="Lourie" name="Teske" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" stateProvince="No">Teske</location>
<emphasis id="B91942330C4B7335FEB5CE07BDB9DE52" box="[324,386,1831,1855]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">et al.</emphasis>
2007c
</bibRefCitation>
;
<specimenCode id="DBCB365A0C4B7335FE16CE08BE47DE2D" box="[487,636,1831,1856]" collectionCode="BOLD" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
<collectionCode id="ED7C06E40C4B7335FE16CE08BE08DE52" box="[487,563,1831,1855]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">BOLD</collectionCode>
2016
</specimenCode>
;
<collectorName id="2698FBF70C4B7335FD7DCE08BF25DE52" box="[652,798,1831,1856]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Appendix N</collectorName>
; see also
<bibRefCitation id="EFFCE3D00C4B7335FC68CE08B84FDE52" author="Zhang" box="[921,1140,1831,1856]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" refString="Zhang, Y., Pham, N. K., Zhang, H., Lin, J. &amp; Lin, Q. (2014) Genetic variations in two seahorse species (Hippocampus mohnikei and Hippocampus trimaculatus): evidence for middle Pleistocene population expansion. PLOS ONE, 9, e 105494. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1371 / journal. pone. 0105494" type="journal article" year="2014">
<location id="8EB2C8FA0C4B7335FC68CE08BFDADE2D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C42F370C4B733AFF66C8A3B972D8E5:8EB2C8FA0C4B7335FC68CE08BFDADE2D" box="[921,993,1831,1856]" country="Australia" county="However" municipality="Lourie" name="Zhang" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" stateProvince="No">Zhang</location>
<emphasis id="B91942330C4B7335FC1CCE07B810DE52" box="[1005,1067,1831,1855]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">et al.</emphasis>
2014
</bibRefCitation>
).
<location id="8EB2C8FA0C4B7335FB7DCE08B930DE2D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C42F370C4B733AFF66C8A3B972D8E5:8EB2C8FA0C4B7335FB7DCE08B930DE2D" box="[1164,1291,1831,1856]" country="Australia" county="However" municipality="Lourie" name="Admittedly" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" stateProvince="No">Admittedly</location>
there exists variation in spine development and colour pattern among
<taxonomicName id="4C6DE5A20C4B7335FCEBCE63BFEDDE0E" box="[794,982,1868,1891]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Syngnathidae" genus="Hippocampus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Syngnathiformes" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="spinosissimus">
<emphasis id="B91942330C4B7335FCEBCE63BFEDDE0E" box="[794,982,1868,1891]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">H. spinosissimus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
specimens and genetic data indicate that haplotype diversity is high, with three major lineages, two of which are broadly sympatric and one that is restricted to the
<location id="8EB2C8FA0C4B7335FF1FCEBCBDFCDEC1" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C42F370C4B733AFF66C8A3B972D8E5:8EB2C8FA0C4B7335FF1FCEBCBDFCDEC1" box="[238,455,1939,1964]" country="Australia" county="However" municipality="Lourie" name="central Philippines" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" stateProvince="No">central Philippines</location>
(
<collectingMunicipality id="6BB6045B0C4B7335FE2ECEBCBE10DEC1" box="[479,555,1939,1964]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Lourie</collectingMunicipality>
<emphasis id="B91942330C4B7335FDCBCEBBBE40DEC6" box="[570,635,1939,1963]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">et al.</emphasis>
2005).
<collectingCounty id="62B3E6AD0C4B7335FD13CEBBBF71DEC6" box="[738,842,1940,1963]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">However</collectingCounty>
, the genetic divergence among specimens of
<taxonomicName id="4C6DE5A20C4B7335FA70CEBBBD0ADEA2" class="Actinopterygii" family="Syngnathidae" genus="Hippocampus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Syngnathiformes" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="spinosissimus">
<emphasis id="B91942330C4B7335FA70CEBBBD0ADEA2" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">H. spinosissimus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
examined from
<collectingCountry id="F37ADEB10C4B7335FE1ACE98BE6FDEBD" box="[491,596,1975,2000]" name="Australia" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Australia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F37ADEB10C4B7335FD91CE98BEFDDEBD" box="[608,710,1975,2000]" name="Malaysia" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
and the
<collectingCountry id="F37ADEB10C4B7335FCD8CE98BF9CDEBD" box="[809,935,1975,2000]" name="Philippines" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Philippines</collectingCountry>
is only 0.82% (648bp, CO1) (
<specimenCode id="DBCB365A0C4B7335FB0FCE98B9B4DEBD" box="[1278,1423,1975,2000]" collectionCode="BOLD" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
<collectionCode id="ED7C06E40C4B7335FB0FCE98B977DEA2" box="[1278,1356,1975,1999]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">BOLD</collectionCode>
2016
</specimenCode>
), and the average cytochrome
<emphasis id="B91942330C4B7335FE1DCEF4BDC1DE9E" box="[492,506,2011,2035]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">b</emphasis>
sequence divergence among
<specimenCount id="9D6B55A80C4B7335FCA6CEF3B839DE99" box="[855,1026,2011,2036]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="generic">172 specimens</specimenCount>
from 29 populations is only 1.3% (
<collectorName id="2698FBF70C44733AFF6FC9B8BCD0D9DD" box="[158,235,151,176]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Lourie</collectorName>
<emphasis id="B91942330C44733AFF04C9B6BD0AD9DD" box="[245,305,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">et al.</emphasis>
2005).
<collectorName id="2698FBF70C44733AFE7CC9B7BD92D9DD" box="[397,425,152,176]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">At</collectorName>
present we suggest that the variation represents polymorphism within a single species, rather than different species, however further investigation is warranted.
<collectorName id="2698FBF70C44733AFC1FC993B80DD9B8" box="[1006,1078,188,213]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Kuiter</collectorName>
(2009) and
<bibRefCitation id="EFFCE3D00C44733AFB3AC993BCDAD995" author="Allen" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" refString="Allen, G. R. &amp; Erdmann, M. V. (2012) Reef Fishes of the East Indies. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA." type="book" year="2012">
<collectorName id="2698FBF70C44733AFB3AC993B932D9B8" box="[1227,1289,188,213]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Allen</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName id="2698FBF70C44733AFAC4C993B9A7D9B8" box="[1333,1436,188,213]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Erdmann</collectorName>
(2012)
</bibRefCitation>
identify spiny
<collectorName id="2698FBF70C44733AFE69C9F0BE6AD995" box="[408,593,223,248]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Southeast Asian</collectorName>
seahorses variously as
<taxonomicName id="4C6DE5A20C44733AFC9AC9CEBFF7D99A" box="[875,972,224,248]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Syngnathidae" genus="Hippocampus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Syngnathiformes" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="arnei">
<emphasis id="B91942330C44733AFC9AC9CEBFF7D99A" box="[875,972,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">H. arnei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(see comments under
<taxonomicName id="4C6DE5A20C44733AFB2AC9CEB95ED995" box="[1243,1381,224,248]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Syngnathidae" genus="Hippocampus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Syngnathiformes" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="barbouri">
<emphasis id="B91942330C44733AFB2AC9CEB95ED995" box="[1243,1381,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">H. barbouri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
),
<taxonomicName id="4C6DE5A20C44733AFA70C9CEBCE0D871" class="Actinopterygii" family="Syngnathidae" genus="Hippocampus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Syngnathiformes" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alatus">
<emphasis id="B91942330C44733AFA70C9CEBCE0D871" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">H. alatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C6DE5A20C44733AFF1EC82ABD9AD871" box="[239,417,260,284]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Syngnathidae" genus="Hippocampus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Syngnathiformes" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="moluccensis">
<emphasis id="B91942330C44733AFF1EC82ABD9AD871" box="[239,417,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">H. moluccensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(see comments under
<taxonomicName id="4C6DE5A20C44733AFD44C82ABF28D871" box="[693,787,260,284]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Syngnathidae" genus="Hippocampus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Syngnathiformes" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kuda">
<emphasis id="B91942330C44733AFD44C82ABF28D871" box="[693,787,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">H. kuda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), and
<emphasis id="B91942330C44733AFC96C82AB836D871" box="[871,1037,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
<taxonomicName id="4C6DE5A20C44733AFC96C82AB832D871" box="[871,1033,260,284]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Syngnathidae" genus="Hippocampus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Syngnathiformes" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="polytaenia">H. polytaenia</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
<collectorName id="2698FBF70C44733AFBEBC82BB87DD870" box="[1050,1094,260,285]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">The</collectorName>
illustration of
<taxonomicName id="4C6DE5A20C44733AFB0CC82ABD73D82D" authority="Bleeker, 1983" authorityName="Bleeker" authorityYear="1983" class="Actinopterygii" family="Syngnathidae" genus="Hippocampus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Syngnathiformes" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="polytaenia">
<emphasis id="B91942330C44733AFB0CC82AB9A0D871" box="[1277,1435,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">H. polytaenia</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFFCE3D00C44733AFF6FC808BD7BD82D" author="Bleeker" box="[158,320,295,320]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" refString="Bleeker, P. (1983) Atlas Icthyologique des Indes Orientales Neerlandaises. Plates for Volumes 11 - 14. Smithsonian Institution, Washington D. C." type="book chapter" year="1983">Bleeker, 1983</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
does show markings and moderately developed spines that are reminiscent of
<emphasis id="B91942330C44733AFB27C806B9A7D852" box="[1238,1436,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
<taxonomicName id="4C6DE5A20C44733AFB27C806B9A3D852" box="[1238,1432,296,320]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Syngnathidae" genus="Hippocampus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Syngnathiformes" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="spinosissimus">H. spinosissimus</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
however the
<typeStatus id="54D620830C44733AFEDBC862BD61D808" box="[298,346,333,357]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">type</typeStatus>
specimens conform to
<taxonomicName id="4C6DE5A20C44733AFD95C862BE85D809" box="[612,702,332,356]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Syngnathidae" genus="Hippocampus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Syngnathiformes" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kuda">
<emphasis id="B91942330C44733AFD95C862BE85D809" box="[612,702,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">H. kuda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(SL
<emphasis id="B91942330C44733AFD09C862BF5DD809" box="[760,870,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">pers. obs.</emphasis>
).
<taxonomicName id="4C6DE5A20C44733AFC8FC862B85DD809" box="[894,1126,332,356]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Syngnathidae" genus="Hippocampus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Syngnathiformes" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alatus">
<emphasis id="B91942330C44733AFC8FC862B85DD809" box="[894,1126,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Hippocampus alatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is tentatively synonymised here on the basis of morphological similarity, pending further work (especially genetics) (see
<collectorName id="2698FBF70C44733AFB5EC840B907D8E5" box="[1199,1340,367,392]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Appendix N</collectorName>
).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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