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<mods:title id="9D0B4A0E46A0D1274D10B5A35EAC8C78">Taxonomic review and phylogenetic analysis of fifteen North American Entomobrya (Collembola, Entomobryidae), including four new species</mods:title>
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<treatment id="CC6EA129DE3A0C3C9FB18CFA63EC91A7" ID-GBIF-Taxon="152062606" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:CC6EA129DE3A0C3C9FB18CFA63EC91A7" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/CC6EA129DE3A0C3C9FB18CFA63EC91A7" lastPageId="37" lastPageNumber="38" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
<subSubSection id="81C0B36CBEDD781E1F0B07FAB726120E" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="multiple">
<paragraph id="80CA781AC69A0F654115E9213C0A96FC" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Taxon classification Animalia Collembola Entomobryidae</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6C61C181803BFA66DFC2E6C6B66CE926" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="D26B2AF485A7ED83C03E1D1493374A76" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
<taxonomicName id="B7DBAF546B5775E6AF7BCFB15327DAA2" ID-CoL="6FF2K" authority="Folsom, 1924" authorityName="Folsom" authorityYear="1924" class="Collembola" family="Entomobryidae" genus="Entomobrya" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Entomobrya ligata" order="Entomobryomorpha" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ligata">Entomobrya ligata Folsom, 1924</taxonomicName>
Figs 25, 26, 39
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B64933DF4EC3BEBF4CA624889194D7CA" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="description">
<paragraph id="FA089C8BADD8FBBB2DF06C578009C3E5" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0B37473EA4FA17C06D4C21321427D73D" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Body shape and color pattern. Body oval and cylindrical. Color pattern stable, monomorphic (Fig. 25), always with four transverse bands; two thin regular bands along the posterior margin of Th. 2 and Th. 3 respectively, an irregular, patchy, thick band covering most of Abd. 3, and a highly irregular and sometimes broken band across the medial section of Abd. 4. A small patch of pigment covers Abd. 5 and Abd. 6. Patterns usually consisting of black or dark blue pigment with a yellow background. Dark pigment usually in patches along lateral margins of Th. 2 through Abd. 4. Antennae with purple pigment, darken near apex. Legs usually white, with small purple patches on apical end of femora.</paragraph>
<caption id="1B4E4F876F76BC4A12DD348684B79F13" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
<paragraph id="83A19EEAE0A37DB86BD54FA7DE32456E" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
Figure 25. Color pattern of
<taxonomicName id="C558499450866040DA21A7C9C0BC77FB" class="Collembola" family="Entomobryidae" genus="Entomobrya" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Entomobrya ligata" order="Entomobryomorpha" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ligata">Entomobrya ligata</taxonomicName>
. Lateral (A) and dorsal (B) views of specimen collected from Chester Co., PA.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="0DDDFC7F4F0B9B8889FCA90E59CA8BD1" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
Head. Apical bulb of 4th antennal segment usually bilobed, sometimes multilobed. Long differentiated smooth setae on ventral side of 1st antennal segment ≈3
<normalizedToken id="721F6F6F5107BFEEBE8A189FEDC84C2D" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
short setae. Prelabral setae finely ciliated, seemingly smooth at low magnification under light microscopy. Ornamentation of the distal margin of the labral papillae with single seta or spine-like projections. Lateral appendage of labial papilla E slightly curved, relatively thick and short, extending only
<normalizedToken id="15B86B9CE7DC265F9E4469159DD67357" originalValue="¾">3/4</normalizedToken>
papilla length. Dorsal head macrosetae (Fig. 26A) An3a2, An3a3, A6, M3i,
<normalizedToken id="D56D607EF1BA2F54384C2B0F9C8D0191" originalValue="S’">S'</normalizedToken>
0, S6, Ps3, Pi1, Pm1i, and Pp2 absent;
<normalizedToken id="178C30F2DA2FFE9BEFF42516E25B715B" originalValue="An’">An'</normalizedToken>
0, a short mesoseta located medially between both An0 present. Eyes G and H small and subequal. Eye patch with 3 setae.
</paragraph>
<caption id="6E1411AB4B820DDFC33B10555AAC3450" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
<paragraph id="F1ABB2F76C4917ADF6F592F9D20731C7" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
Figure 26. Dorsal chaetotaxy of
<taxonomicName id="0CC0835F8A681DFB5DD431607357FDBF" class="Collembola" family="Entomobryidae" genus="Entomobrya" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Entomobrya ligata" order="Entomobryomorpha" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ligata">Entomobrya ligata</taxonomicName>
: A Head B Mesothorax C Metathorax D 1st abdominal segment E 2nd abdominal segment F 3rd abdominal segment G 4th abdominal segment. Scale bars = 100
<normalizedToken id="E152D52A970A081BC48BC4A8EB926FFF" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
. See Figure 5 for symbol legend.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="3024CAFEB710DE5C202448CDA14D3629" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Thorax. Th. 2 macrosetae a5, m1, m2, m2i, m4, m4p, and m4i present (Fig. 26B). Th. 3, macrosetae a1, a2, a3, a4, a4i, a5, a5e, a6, a6i, m5, m5i, m6, m6e, and m7 present (Fig. 26C); all posterior macrosetae (series P) present. Zone Pm in both thoracic segments with a moderate number of supplemental macrosetae (Fig. 26B,C).</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0856B8F48B6C6A14BB6DFA966449EC55" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Legs. Trochanteral organ with triangular setal pattern and up to 17 setae. Unguis with 4 internal teeth; basal teeth located approximately middle of inner claw length.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AE6FC8DBFB51427196387AE57510537E" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Abdomen. Abdominal chaetotaxy reduced; no macrosetae variation observed. Abd. 1 with 4 macroseta: a5, m2, m3, and m4 (Fig. 26D). Abd. 2 with 5 macrosetae: a2, m3, m3e, m3ep, and m5 (Fig. 26E). Abd. 3 with 3 macrosetae: m3, pm6, and p6 (Fig. 26F). Abd. 4 with 6 inner macrosetae (Fig. 26G). Mucronal teeth subequal.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="697DDB0C7D392F72EC1210479D93DE11" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="remarks">
<paragraph id="F78A55DFE47059186C65E6BDF0A2D2B2" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="166D12F38C0CCE6DD5FCEF5639436024" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
This species can be identified by the presence of four transverse bands, head mesoseta
<normalizedToken id="F0D98B02CB3D7E9FF78C1655B12C86D0" originalValue="An’">An'</normalizedToken>
0 present, four macrosetae on Abd. 1, and only three eye patch setae (see Table 2 for additional diagnostic characters).
<taxonomicName id="0F3E704B7BE1199DB7B50A122E7ECCD3" class="Collembola" family="Entomobryidae" genus="Entomobrya" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Entomobrya unifasciata" order="Entomobryomorpha" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="unifasciata">Entomobrya unifasciata</taxonomicName>
sp. n. and
<taxonomicName id="0A265E703CA5C35A886AEC63C49B6F3F" class="Collembola" family="Entomobryidae" genus="Entomobrya" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Entomobrya neotenica" order="Entomobryomorpha" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="neotenica">Entomobrya neotenica</taxonomicName>
sp. n. are closely related to this species and form the
<taxonomicName id="351778BC6F6997C3183C9D3106C2373F" class="Collembola" family="Entomobryidae" genus="Entomobrya" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Entomobrya ligata" order="Entomobryomorpha" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ligata">Entomobrya ligata</taxonomicName>
complex, characterized by the presence of only three microsetae in the eye patch, four macrosetae on Abd. 1, and six macrosetae on Abd. 4.
<taxonomicName id="168B004204D919FFF3643641C386E2DE" class="Collembola" family="Entomobryidae" genus="Entomobrya" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Entomobrya ligata" order="Entomobryomorpha" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ligata">Entomobrya ligata</taxonomicName>
can be separated from
<taxonomicName id="5A92D6E4FEBD94A654DB305CFEF6A9CE" class="Collembola" family="Entomobryidae" genus="Entomobrya" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Entomobrya unifasciata" order="Entomobryomorpha" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="unifasciata">Entomobrya unifasciata</taxonomicName>
sp. n. and
<taxonomicName id="B471F6070D1E1417490014C413B2A05C" class="Collembola" family="Entomobryidae" genus="Entomobrya" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Entomobrya neotenica" order="Entomobryomorpha" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="neotenica">Entomobrya neotenica</taxonomicName>
sp. n. by characters outlined in Table 6.
</paragraph>
<caption id="117C3AD4FCEA1DA5FCB7392ABE9D9086" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
<paragraph id="0EC7E7F84F425ACBDD5053D21E51DEDD" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
Table 6. Diagnostic characters to separate species within the ligata complex:
<taxonomicName id="224A43927D9C36053A5EAB17F52D31C9" class="Collembola" family="Entomobryidae" genus="Entomobrya" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Entomobrya ligata" order="Entomobryomorpha" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ligata">Entomobrya ligata</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="23659958E32CE2224D5063073493B325" class="Collembola" family="Entomobryidae" genus="Entomobrya" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Entomobrya unifasciata" order="Entomobryomorpha" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="unifasciata">Entomobrya unifasciata</taxonomicName>
sp. n., and
<taxonomicName id="E3900E4F252FECA095653B69D497F1C9" class="Collembola" family="Entomobryidae" genus="Entomobrya" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Entomobrya neotenica" order="Entomobryomorpha" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="neotenica">Entomobrya neotenica</taxonomicName>
sp. n. Character states: absent (0), present (1).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="C4DCEC9BB7B6D2C799572CF4AE62FC78" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
<table id="3D32C28D04991137E8902AEA8F317937" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
<tr id="D641D66CA225600E55FAD9E98B576223" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
<th id="C1D770E698DD6724CA0A4B4B2B4D5F86" colspan="1" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" rowspan="1">Species</th>
<th id="D2013E83C1862D5E16C9FB854A7F1A75" colspan="1" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" rowspan="1">
Head mesoseta
<normalizedToken id="7CC50529B6C25ABFDB05433498FFCAF5" originalValue="An’">An'</normalizedToken>
<sub id="4C6C1F61F6860627AE0EC8333656F890" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">0</sub>
</th>
<th id="6BCD799639BB3DB5F8B6A4E30A9E08AF" colspan="1" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" rowspan="1">
Abd. 3 macroseta m
<sub id="FA5F9AF454ADE40882D8061C050FE1CA" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">3ep</sub>
</th>
<th id="CD1B4C9A30B792FAEB3264BD1B5A4B74" colspan="1" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" rowspan="1">1 dark transverse band on posterior margin of Th. 2</th>
<th id="B49FB562CC241C67CAD496B058973CEB" colspan="1" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" rowspan="1">2 dark triangular patches on Abd. 3</th>
</tr>
<tr id="B8C9E816F1424D6609EDF9F4C736FFBE" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
<td id="B409BA891467339556D9AEF4EC5E8301" colspan="1" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName id="A364C275FDEA917EB4615F3519BC2C1C" class="Collembola" family="Entomobryidae" genus="Entomobrya" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Entomobrya ligata" order="Entomobryomorpha" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ligata">Entomobrya ligata</taxonomicName>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="9B216915D437F2EA278974F11F01E04B" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
<td id="4CC97C2E3919E52C659947F356069D89" colspan="1" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName id="9A3B2163F1E4246C9534FD5A734EB2D5" class="Collembola" family="Entomobryidae" genus="Entomobrya" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Entomobrya unifasciata" order="Entomobryomorpha" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="unifasciata">Entomobrya unifasciata</taxonomicName>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="BD7B979A23B66651F80B439C0E38994E" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
<td id="0A7ADEE3AA049CBA394FAA36354CB9C1" colspan="1" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName id="0C64F60324FD6D850FD8972FA86EF768" class="Collembola" family="Entomobryidae" genus="Entomobrya" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Entomobrya neotenica" order="Entomobryomorpha" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="neotenica">Entomobrya neotenica</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td id="FE7B408728E2B146BD5C3D3456394944" colspan="1" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" rowspan="1">1</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="326929BF8D131552FDEFE92201E1551A" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
<taxonomicName id="C2F02A02CFE8FFEB963A9CBF37121520" class="Collembola" family="Entomobryidae" genus="Entomobrya" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Entomobrya ligata" order="Entomobryomorpha" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ligata">Entomobrya ligata</taxonomicName>
was described by
<bibRefCitation id="A1286D9FEF2A57A637E98DD522DF4C25" author="Folsom, JW" journalOrPublisher="American Museum Novitates" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" pagination="1 - 12" title="New species of Collembola From New York State." volume="108" year="1924">Folsom (1924)</bibRefCitation>
and redescribed by
<bibRefCitation id="84C73DB7C3E6E323638DDF9D1E150FB0" author="Christiansen, K" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" pagination="439 - 594" title="The Nearctic members of the genus Entomobrya (Collembola)." volume="118" year="1958 b">Christiansen (1958b)</bibRefCitation>
. Both descriptions depict
<taxonomicName id="FFCF14784B28729905FDED4D9524217C" class="Collembola" family="Entomobryidae" genus="Entomobrya" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Entomobrya ligata" order="Entomobryomorpha" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ligata">Entomobrya ligata</taxonomicName>
with four dorsal transverse bands (Folsom described five bands; he considered the pigment on Abd. 5 and 6 an additional band), two of which occur on the posterior margins of the Th. 2 and Th. 3, respectively. Samples were originally diagnosed as
<taxonomicName id="BA031A39605F8A55C841887D6133CEAB" class="Collembola" family="Entomobryidae" genus="Entomobrya" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Entomobrya ligata" order="Entomobryomorpha" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ligata">Entomobrya ligata</taxonomicName>
based on chaetotaxy described by
<bibRefCitation id="E6C8F3FCD25FFEE3625531874516486D" author="Christiansen, K" journalOrPublisher="Grinnell College, Grinnell, IA" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" title="The Collembola of North America north of the Rio Grande; A taxonomic analysis" year="1998">Christiansen and Bellinger (1998)</bibRefCitation>
. However,
<bibRefCitation id="197D1F2E194154D1264B4C249AEAF7CF" author="Katz, AD" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" pagination="810 - 840" title="Operational criteria for cryptic species delimitation when evidence is limited, as exemplified by North American Entomobrya (Collembola: Entomobryidae)." url="10.1111/zoj.12220" volume="173" year="2015">Katz et al. (2015)</bibRefCitation>
showed that a population from Chester Co., Pennsylvania was highly divergent and genetically isolated from other populations. The Pennsylvania population differs from all other populations by the presence of a dark transverse band along the posterior margin of Th. 2. This dark band is present in all individuals collected in Pennsylvania and absent in individuals from all other localities. The original descriptions by
<bibRefCitation id="2A779069005795C015813C079437DFC9" author="Folsom, JW" journalOrPublisher="American Museum Novitates" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" pagination="1 - 12" title="New species of Collembola From New York State." volume="108" year="1924">Folsom (1924)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="B58E212620017D2AB8D65CD88F0FA925" author="Christiansen, K" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" pagination="439 - 594" title="The Nearctic members of the genus Entomobrya (Collembola)." volume="118" year="1958 b">Christiansen (1958b)</bibRefCitation>
described
<taxonomicName id="F4A8A3ADA607823B9E54A06FB584E4B2" class="Collembola" family="Entomobryidae" genus="Entomobrya" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Entomobrya ligata" order="Entomobryomorpha" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ligata">Entomobrya ligata</taxonomicName>
as having this band present and noted a lack of additional variations in color form. Multiple type specimens deposited at the INHS were examined; all collected in the state of New York, and all carry a dark band along the posterior margin of Th. 2 (Suppl. material 3:
<normalizedToken id="6E9BF61D186526D83D2790AC226B60D0" originalValue="D–G">D-G</normalizedToken>
). Therefore, the combination
<taxonomicName id="DB9407990928B5210996841308BD495F" class="Collembola" family="Entomobryidae" genus="Entomobrya" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Entomobrya ligata" order="Entomobryomorpha" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ligata">Entomobrya ligata</taxonomicName>
is reserved for populations in which individuals carry the posterior band on Th. 2, whereas populations without this band are referred to
<taxonomicName id="8384A85538CE2933BFD81D4D870D06D0" class="Collembola" family="Entomobryidae" genus="Entomobrya" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Entomobrya unifasciata" order="Entomobryomorpha" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="unifasciata">Entomobrya unifasciata</taxonomicName>
sp. n. (see below).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="4140AEEA20438AA7FE4B1BC7C34A4770" lastPageId="37" lastPageNumber="38" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="13B4329299788FB48BD85BC7DFCC5D4B" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C2476840B91025BF0D4A60472F3B6B6F" lastPageId="37" lastPageNumber="38" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
Endemic to North America. The species has been reported as having a wide distribution, occurring east of the Mississippi River to the Atlantic coast (Suppl. material 2: I). However, in light of the new circumscription provided above and the possible confusion with
<taxonomicName id="44F387E17021587EE203E4B61A4FDB76" class="Collembola" family="Entomobryidae" genus="Entomobrya" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Entomobrya unifasciata" order="Entomobryomorpha" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="unifasciata">Entomobrya unifasciata</taxonomicName>
sp. n., most historical reports are questionable, especially those between the western Smokey Mountains and the Mississippi River. The syntypic series of
<taxonomicName id="E5AE86DC635BF9BD50722D2617EC32C2" class="Collembola" family="Entomobryidae" genus="Entomobrya" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Entomobrya ligata" order="Entomobryomorpha" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ligata">Entomobrya ligata</taxonomicName>
was collected at different localities in New York State
<pageBreakToken id="E36874D1D017349B950CA1804E318326" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" start="start">and</pageBreakToken>
all fresh material was collected in Chester Co., Pennsylvania, suggesting the species may be restricted to the northeast section of the country.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="43E9DF7A7B8CDC316904FBDE65BF3661" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="B5CD5CD3890CFBD963894CB5B88FDB75" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C6A8080F1B5CF69CBAEF7942160CEA22" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">USA: Syntypes, 1 on slide, Karner, N.Y., 7-14-23 (A. Wolf) INHS Cat. No. 528,351; Cotypes: 1 in vial, Karner, N.Y., July, 14 1923 (A. Wolf); Cotypes: 2 in vial, N.Y., July 8, 1923 (A. Wolf); Syntypes, 1 on slide, Mineola, L. I., N.Y., July 8, 1923 (O. W. Barrett) INHS Cat. No. 528,350; Cotypes, 1 in vial, Roorhesville, N. Y., Aug 30, 1923 (M. S. Leonard); Cotypes: 2 in vial, Roorhesville, N. Y., Aug 30, 1923 (M. S. Leonard). Other material: 1 on slide, 1 in vial, Pennsylvania, Chester Co., Wayne, McKaig Nature Education Center (40.06923,-75.37903), leaf litter, 23.v.2011, AK11-33; 1 on slide Pennsylvania, Chester Co., Wayne, McKaig Nature Education Center (40.06923,-75.37903), bark, 23.v.2011, AK11-34.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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