treatments-xml/data/98/9F/70/989F7036185C559D8EED78634C83F8AD.xml

<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.94.93512" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2607-94-139" ID-Pensoft-UUID="2C675D18B8F95E2582ED06BE059588EA" ID-ZooBank="26A6BC19E361433FA8F1C1C1EEF9E604" ModsDocID="1314-2607-94-139" checkinTime="1671601448041" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Raju, Md. Rasel, Arifunnahar, Mst., Mostafiz, Md. Munir, Alim, Md. Abdul, Hossain, Md. Alamgir &amp; Talamas, Elijah J." docDate="2022" docId="989F7036185C559D8EED78634C83F8AD" docLanguage="en" docName="JourHymenoptRes 94: 139-161" docOrigin="Journal of Hymenoptera Research 94" docPubDate="2022-12-20" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.94.93512" docTitle="Hadronotus pubescens" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" id="2C675D18B8F95E2582ED06BE059588EA" lastPageNumber="139" masterDocId="2C675D18B8F95E2582ED06BE059588EA" masterDocTitle="Hadronotus pubescens (Motschoulsky) (Hymenoptera, Scelionidae): Redescription, biological attributes, and parasitism on eggs of Riptortus pedestris (Fab.) (Hemiptera, Alydidae)" masterLastPageNumber="161" masterPageNumber="139" pageNumber="139" updateTime="1671601448041" updateUser="pensoft">
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<mods:title>Hadronotus pubescens (Motschoulsky) (Hymenoptera, Scelionidae): Redescription, biological attributes, and parasitism on eggs of Riptortus pedestris (Fab.) (Hemiptera, Alydidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Raju, Md. Rasel</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Entomology, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur- 5200, Bangladesh</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Arifunnahar, Mst.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Entomology, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur- 5200, Bangladesh</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Mostafiz, Md. Munir</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2026-6247</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Division of Applied Biosciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Alim, Md. Abdul</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Entomology, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur- 5200, Bangladesh</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">alim@hstu.ac.bd</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Hossain, Md. Alamgir</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Entomology, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur- 5200, Bangladesh</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Talamas, Elijah J.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1048-6345</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Division of Plant Industry, Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Gainesville, FL, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:date>2022</mods:date>
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<mods:number>2022-12-20</mods:number>
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<mods:number>94</mods:number>
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<taxonomicName LSID="989F7036-185C-559D-8EED-78634C83F8AD" authority="(Motcshoulsky)" baseAuthorityName="Motcshoulsky" class="Insecta" family="Scelionidae" genus="Hadronotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hadronotus pubescens" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="139" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pubescens">Hadronotus pubescens (Motcshoulsky)</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="139" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="139">
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 1–3" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figures 1 - 3. Hadronotus pubescens, female (FSCA 00094879) 1 lateral habitus 2 head, anterior view 3 wings." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.94.93512.figures1-3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/784751" pageId="0" pageNumber="139">Figs 1-3</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 4–6" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figures 4 - 6. Hadronotus pubescens, female (FSCA 00094879) 4 head, mesosoma, metasoma, dorsal view 5 head and mesosoma, lateral view 6 head, mesosoma, metasoma, posterolateral view." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.94.93512.figures4-6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/784752" pageId="0" pageNumber="139">, 4-6</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 7–11" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figures 7 - 11. Hadronotus pubescens, female (FSCA) 7 ventral frons, anterolateral view 8 head, posterolateral view 9 mesosoma, ventrolateral view 10 mesosoma, dorsolateral view, 11 mesosoma, posterolateral view. Scale bars in millimeters." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.94.93512.figures7-11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/784753" pageId="0" pageNumber="139">, 7-11</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="139" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="139">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Motschoulsky" authorityYear="1863" class="Insecta" family="Scelionidae" genus="Muscidea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Muscidea pubescens" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="139" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pubescens">Muscidea pubescens</taxonomicName>
Motschoulsky, 1863: 70 (original description).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="139">
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Motschoulsky" baseAuthorityYear="1863" class="Insecta" family="Scelionidae" genus="Gryon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gryon pubescens" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="139" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pubescens">Gryon pubescens</taxonomicName>
(Motschoulsky): 
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.4039/entm10897fv" author="Masner, L" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada" pageId="0" pageNumber="139" pagination="1 - 87" refId="B25" refString="Masner, L, 1976. Revisionary notes and keys to world genera of Scelionidae (Hymenoptera: Proctotrupoidea). Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada 97: 1 - 87, DOI: https://doi.org/10.4039/entm10897fv" title="Revisionary notes and keys to world genera of Scelionidae (Hymenoptera: Proctotrupoidea)." url="https://doi.org/10.4039/entm10897fv" volume="97" year="1976">Masner 1976</bibRefCitation>
: 57 (generic transfer, type information); 
<bibRefCitation author="Johnson, NF" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute" pageId="0" pageNumber="139" pagination="1 - 825" refId="B13" refString="Johnson, NF, 1992. Catalog of world Proctotrupoidea excluding Platygastridae. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 51: 1 - 825" title="Catalog of world Proctotrupoidea excluding Platygastridae." volume="51" year="1992">Johnson 1992</bibRefCitation>
: 395 (cataloged, type information).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="139">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Sharma" authorityYear="1982" class="Insecta" family="Scelionidae" genus="Gryon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gryon hogenakalensis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="139" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hogenakalensis">Gryon hogenakalensis</taxonomicName>
Sharma, 1982: 329, 336 (original description, keyed); 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Lê">Le</normalizedToken>
, 1997: 23 (keyed); 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Lê">Le</normalizedToken>
, 2000: 99, 118 (description, keyed, type information).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="139">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Sharma" authorityYear="1982" class="Insecta" family="Scelionidae" genus="Gryon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gryon hogenakalense" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="139" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hogenakalense">Gryon hogenakalense</taxonomicName>
Sharma: 
<bibRefCitation author="Johnson, NF" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute" pageId="0" pageNumber="139" pagination="1 - 825" refId="B13" refString="Johnson, NF, 1992. Catalog of world Proctotrupoidea excluding Platygastridae. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 51: 1 - 825" title="Catalog of world Proctotrupoidea excluding Platygastridae." volume="51" year="1992">Johnson 1992</bibRefCitation>
: 384 (cataloged).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="139">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Scelionidae" genus="Hadronotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hadronotus pubescens" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="139" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pubescens">Hadronotus pubescens</taxonomicName>
(Motchoulsky): 
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.87.72842" author="Talamas, EJ" editor="Lahey, Z" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Hymenoptera Research" pageId="0" pageNumber="139" pagination="323 - 480" refId="B46" refString="Talamas, EJ, Bremer, JS, Moore, MR, Bon, M-C, Lahey, Z, Roberts, CG, Combee, LA, McGathey, N, van Noort, S, Timokhov, AV, Hougardy, E, Hogg, B, 2021. A maximalist approach to the systematics of a biological control agent: Gryon aetherium Talamas, sp. nov. (Hymenoptera, Scelionidae). In: Lahey, Z, Talamas, E, Eds., Advances in the Systematics of Platygastroidea III. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 87: 323 - 480, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.87.72842" title="A maximalist approach to the systematics of a biological control agent: Gryon aetherium Talamas, sp. nov. (Hymenoptera, Scelionidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.87.72842" volume="87" volumeTitle="Advances in the Systematics of Platygastroidea III." year="2021">Talamas et al. 2021</bibRefCitation>
: 441 (generic transfer).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="139">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Talamas, Bremer, Moore, Bon, Lahey, Roberts, Combee, McGathey, van Noort, Timokhov, Hougardy &amp; Hogg" authorityYear="2021" baseAuthorityName="Talamas, Bremer, Moore, Bon, Lahey, Roberts, Combee, McGathey, van Noort, Timokhov, Hougardy &amp; Hogg" baseAuthorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Scelionidae" genus="Hadronotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hadronotus hogenakalensis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="139" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hogenakalensis">Hadronotus hogenakalensis</taxonomicName>
(Sharma) syn. nov.: 
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.87.72842" author="Talamas, EJ" editor="Lahey, Z" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Hymenoptera Research" pageId="0" pageNumber="139" pagination="323 - 480" refId="B46" refString="Talamas, EJ, Bremer, JS, Moore, MR, Bon, M-C, Lahey, Z, Roberts, CG, Combee, LA, McGathey, N, van Noort, S, Timokhov, AV, Hougardy, E, Hogg, B, 2021. A maximalist approach to the systematics of a biological control agent: Gryon aetherium Talamas, sp. nov. (Hymenoptera, Scelionidae). In: Lahey, Z, Talamas, E, Eds., Advances in the Systematics of Platygastroidea III. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 87: 323 - 480, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.87.72842" title="A maximalist approach to the systematics of a biological control agent: Gryon aetherium Talamas, sp. nov. (Hymenoptera, Scelionidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.87.72842" volume="87" volumeTitle="Advances in the Systematics of Platygastroidea III." year="2021">Talamas et al. 2021</bibRefCitation>
: 423 (generic transfer).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="139" type="images of holotype specimens">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="139">Images of holotype specimens.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="139">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Motschoulsky" authorityYear="1863" class="Insecta" family="Scelionidae" genus="Muscidea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Muscidea pubescens" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="139" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pubescens">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="139">Muscidea pubescens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: https://zenodo.org/record/4924954#.YkMH-PnMJaQ. 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Sharma" authorityYear="1982" class="Insecta" family="Scelionidae" genus="Gryon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gryon hogenakalensis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="139" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hogenakalensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="139">Gryon hogenakalensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: USNMENT01197123.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="139" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="139">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="139">Color of body: dark brown to black. Color of antenna in female: radicle black, A1-A6 yellow-brown with scape darker in middle, A7-A12 black. Color of legs: coxae and femora brown; trochanters, tibiae and tarsi yellow to pale brown. Body length of female: 1.07-1.43 mm (n = 12). Body length of male: 1.34-1.38 mm (n = 2).</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/jhr.94.93512.figures1-3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/784751" pageId="0" pageNumber="139" start="Figures 1–3" startId="F1">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="139">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="139">Figures 1-3.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Scelionidae" genus="Hadronotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hadronotus pubescens" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="139" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pubescens">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="139">Hadronotus pubescens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, female (FSCA 00094879) 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="139">1</emphasis>
lateral habitus 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="139">2</emphasis>
head, anterior view 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="139">3</emphasis>
wings.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="139">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="139">Head</emphasis>
: Claval formula: A12-A7: 1-2-2-2-2. Number of mandibular teeth: 3. Size of mandibular teeth: small, middle tooth the smallest. Shape of clypeus: transverse, not projecting ventrally, apex flat. Number of clypeal setae: 6, lateral pair very short; medial pairs approximately equal in length; Epiclypeal carina: present. Facial striae: absent. Central keel: present in lower portion of frons. Line of setae above interantennal process: absent. Sculpture of ventral frons: strigose, strigae arching slightly ventrally from central keel, sometimes extending to inner orbit. Sculpture of dorsal frons: transversely strigose medially, weakly rugulose along inner orbit of compound eye. Preocellar pit: absent. Malar striae: absent. Sculpture of gena directly above mandibles: smooth. Genal carina: absent. Occipital carina: continuous medially, with sharp corner behind dorsal apex of compound eye. Anterior margin of occipital carina on gena: crenulate. Anterior margin of occipital carina on posterior head: simple. Hyperoccipital carina: present. Marginal carina: present. Sculpture of occiput: arched, parallel rugae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="139">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="139">Mesosoma</emphasis>
: Epomial carina: present. Sculpture of pronotum posterior to epomial carina: transversely rugose. Sculpture of pronotum anterior to epomial carina: smooth. Sculpture of pronotum dorsal to epomial carina: pustulate-punctate. Netrion sulcus: absent. Pronotal suprahumeral sulcus: absent. Setation of lateral pronotum: white; uniformly dense dorsal topomial carina, with small setal patch directly anterior to epomial carina. Mesoscutal suprahumeral sulcus: absent. Mesoscutal humeral sulcus: indicated by a shallow smooth furrow. Mesoscutal humeral pit: present. Sculpture of mesoscutum: reticulate-punctate, with longitudinal rugae in posteromedial portion. Setation of mesoscutum: white, mostly uniform in density, slightly sparser lateral to parapsidal line. Scutoscutellar sulcus: smooth furrow medially, striate laterally. Sculpture of mesoscutellar disc: longitudinally rugose medially, with coarse microsculpture throughout. Posterior mesoscutellar sulcus: foveate.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="139">Posterior margin of mesoscutellum: not extending over metanotum, metascutellum visible in dorsal view. Posterior margin of metascutellum: convex. Sculpture on posteroventral surface of metascutellum: finely strigose. Sculpture of metanotal trough: foveate. Lateral propodeal area: narrow, deeply foveate with white setation. Lateral propodeal carina: extending laterally to metapleural carina, forming flange around metasomal depression. Sculpture of metasomal depression: radially rugulose. Sulcus of the propodeal foramen: foveate.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="139">Postacetabular sulcus: crenulate. Posterior limit of acetabulum: intersecting with ventral mesopleural carina. Mesopleural epicoxal sulcus: composed of shallow foveae. Episternal foveae: absent. Mesopleural carina: present, parallel to acetabular carina. Sculpture of mesopleuron above mesopleural carina: transversely rugose. Femoral depression: not indicated. Prespecular sulcus: composed of large foveae. Sculpture of speculum: transversely rugose. Shape of subalar pit: roughly circular. Mesepimeral sulcus: foveate, foveae of uniform size. Posterior mesepimeral area: smooth, narrow. Paracoxal sulcus: foveate, absent in ventral part of metapleuron. Metapleural epicoxal sulcus: foveate. Dorsal metapleural area: smooth, with white setation posteriorly. Ventral metapleural area: irregularly rugulose, setose. Posterodorsal metapleuron sulcus: foveate, present along entirely of metapleural carina.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="139">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="139">Wings</emphasis>
: Length of postmarginal vein in fore wing: almost twice as long as stigmal vein. Length of marginal vein in fore wing: about one third as long as stigmal vein. Color of wing disc: hyaline. Color of fore wing setation: brown in distal half, white in basal half. Color of hind wing setation: white throughout. Shape of submarginal vein: shallowly curved, nearly parallel to wing margin, without sharp bend.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="139">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="139">Metasoma</emphasis>
: Basal foveae: present on T1-T2, S1-S2. Setation of T1-T3: present on lateral portions of tergite. Setation of T2-T5: dense in lateral part of tergite, absent medially except for a transverse line of sparse setae along posterior margin. Sculpture of T1: longitudinally striate, smooth along posterior margin. Sculpture of T2-T4: finely reticulate with a smooth band along posterior margin. Posterior margin of T5: concave. Setation of laterotergites: present. Sculpture of ventral metasoma: reticulate microsculpture throughout. Setation of ventral metasoma: absent from anterolateral S2, otherwise evenly setose throughout.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="139">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="139">Intraspecific variation</emphasis>
: The specimens examined here are phenotypically uniform, with slight variation occurring in the degree to which transverse striation is developed on the frons and how far the striation extends laterally. The specimens from Bangladesh showed little variation in size, with females ranging from 1.25-1.43 mm. The female specimen from Taiwan was significantly smaller (1.07 mm).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="139" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="139">Material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="139">
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2022-01-01" collectingDateMax="2022-12-31" collectingDateMin="2022-01-01" country="Sri Lanka" location="Motchoulsky" municipality="Nuwara Eliya" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="Holotype">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="139">
<typeStatus>Holotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
, female, 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Motschoulsky" authorityYear="1863" class="Insecta" family="Scelionidae" genus="Muscidea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Muscidea pubescens" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="139" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pubescens">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="139">Muscidea pubescens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:989F7036185C559D8EED78634C83F8AD:1A4257ACDA8C2A7F361BE5C3A5EDBC57" country="Sri Lanka" municipality="Nuwara Eliya" name="Motchoulsky">Motchoulsky</location>
: 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="139">
<collectingCountry name="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
: 
<collectingMunicipality>Nuwara Eliya</collectingMunicipality>
, ZMMU 0001 (ZMMU)
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1977-02-01" collectorName="Mani, M. S." country="India" location="Sharma" municipality="Hogenakal" specimenCount="15" specimenCount-female="13" specimenCount-male="2" typeStatus="Holotype">
<typeStatus>Holotype</typeStatus>
, female, 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Sharma" authorityYear="1982" class="Insecta" family="Scelionidae" genus="Gryon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gryon hogenakalensis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="139" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hogenakalensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="139">Gryon hogenakalensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:989F7036185C559D8EED78634C83F8AD:E711DEC75C9EB8778E6D59F43227F34F" country="India" municipality="Hogenakal" name="Sharma">Sharma</location>
: 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="139">
<collectingCountry name="India">India</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
: 
<collectingMunicipality>Hogenakal</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<collectingDate value="1977-02-01">1-FEB-1977</collectingDate>
, coll. 
<collectorName>Mani, M. S.</collectorName>
, USNMENT01137123 (USNM). 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="139">
<collectingCountry name="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
: 
<specimenCount type="female">12 females</specimenCount>
, 
<specimenCount type="male">2 males</specimenCount>
, DPI_FSCA 00008722, FSCA 00034113-00034118, 00034090-00034094, 00094879, 00094882 (FSCA). 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="139">
<collectingCountry name="Taiwan">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
: 
<specimenCount type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
, FSCA 00094687 (FSCA)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="139" type="comments">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="139">Comments.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="139">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Scelionidae" genus="Hadronotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hadronotus pubescens" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="139" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pubescens">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="139">Hadronotus pubescens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a widespread species, ranging at least from Sri Lanka to Taiwan based on the specimens examined here. The COI sequences from the Taiwanese and Bangladesh specimens share 99.83% sequence identity, providing strong molecular support that they are conspecific. However, a more comprehensive examination of the species limits of 
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. pubescens" pageId="0" pageNumber="139" rank="species" species="pubescens">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="139">H. pubescens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is still needed and will require analysis of specimens from an even greater geographic range. We examined specimens from South Africa that are morphologically very similar to 
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. pubescens" pageId="0" pageNumber="139" rank="species" species="pubescens">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="139">H. pubescens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in Asia, presently separable only by the color of the appendages, yet their COI sequences differ by nearly 13%.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="139">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Scelionidae" genus="Hadronotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hadronotus pubescens" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="139" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pubescens">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="139">Hadronotus pubescens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
belongs to a lineage, the 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Scelionidae" genus="Hadronotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hadronotus pubescens" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="139" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pubescens">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="139">Hadronotus pubescens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species group, that 
<bibRefCitation author="Mineo, G" journalOrPublisher="Bollettino dell'Istituto di Entomologia Agraria e dell'Osservatorio di Fitopatologia di Palermo" pageId="0" pageNumber="139" pagination="213 - 226" refId="B27" refString="Mineo, G, 1980. Studies on the Scelionidae (Hym. Proctotrupoidea). XI. A revision of the Palearctic species of Gryon Haliday: the insulare and pubescens groups. Bollettino dell'Istituto di Entomologia Agraria e dell'Osservatorio di Fitopatologia di Palermo 10: 213 - 226" title="Studies on the Scelionidae (Hym. Proctotrupoidea). XI. A revision of the Palearctic species of Gryon Haliday: the insulare and pubescens groups." volume="10" year="1980">Mineo (1980)</bibRefCitation>
defined primarily by the presence of a &quot;marginal carina&quot; (Figs 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 4–6" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figures 4 - 6. Hadronotus pubescens, female (FSCA 00094879) 4 head, mesosoma, metasoma, dorsal view 5 head and mesosoma, lateral view 6 head, mesosoma, metasoma, posterolateral view." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.94.93512.figures4-6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/784752" pageId="0" pageNumber="139">4</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 7–11" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figures 7 - 11. Hadronotus pubescens, female (FSCA) 7 ventral frons, anterolateral view 8 head, posterolateral view 9 mesosoma, ventrolateral view 10 mesosoma, dorsolateral view, 11 mesosoma, posterolateral view. Scale bars in millimeters." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.94.93512.figures7-11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/784753" pageId="0" pageNumber="139">8</figureCitation>
, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="139">mac</emphasis>
), which extends medially from the hyperoccipital carina. Two characters provide evidence that this lineage is close to the 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="139">charon</emphasis>
species group: the mesoscutal humeral pit (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 7–11" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figures 7 - 11. Hadronotus pubescens, female (FSCA) 7 ventral frons, anterolateral view 8 head, posterolateral view 9 mesosoma, ventrolateral view 10 mesosoma, dorsolateral view, 11 mesosoma, posterolateral view. Scale bars in millimeters." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.94.93512.figures7-11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/784753" pageId="0" pageNumber="139">10</figureCitation>
, mhp) and the epiclypeal carina (Figs 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 1–3" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figures 1 - 3. Hadronotus pubescens, female (FSCA 00094879) 1 lateral habitus 2 head, anterior view 3 wings." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.94.93512.figures1-3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/784751" pageId="0" pageNumber="139">2</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 7–11" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figures 7 - 11. Hadronotus pubescens, female (FSCA) 7 ventral frons, anterolateral view 8 head, posterolateral view 9 mesosoma, ventrolateral view 10 mesosoma, dorsolateral view, 11 mesosoma, posterolateral view. Scale bars in millimeters." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.94.93512.figures7-11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/784753" pageId="0" pageNumber="139">7</figureCitation>
, ec). The mesoscutal humeral pit was first documented by 
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.8.e47687" author="Chen, H" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Bangladesh Agricultural University" pageId="0" pageNumber="139" refId="B5" refString="Chen, H, Talamas, EJ, Bon, M-C, Moore, MR, 2020. Gryon ancinla Kozlov &amp; Le (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae): host association, expanded distribution, redescription and a new synonymy. Biodiversity Data Journal 8: e47687. https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.8.e47687" title="Gryon ancinla Kozlov &amp; Le (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae): host association, expanded distribution, redescription and a new synonymy. Biodiversity Data Journal 8: e 47687." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.8.e47687" year="2020">Chen et al. (2020)</bibRefCitation>
in 
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. ancinla" pageId="0" pageNumber="139" rank="species" species="ancinla">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="139">H. ancinla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Kozlov &amp; 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Lê">Le</normalizedToken>
) and is present in all species of the 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="139">charon</emphasis>
group that we have examined. The antennal scrobe in the 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="139">charon</emphasis>
group is entirely delimited by a continuous carina. We consider the ventral, transverse portion of this carina to be homologous with the epiclypeal carina, as is found in 
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. pubescens" pageId="0" pageNumber="139" rank="species" species="pubescens">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="139">H. pubescens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The taxon sampling in the multi-gene phylogeny presented in Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 1–3" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figures 1 - 3. Hadronotus pubescens, female (FSCA 00094879) 1 lateral habitus 2 head, anterior view 3 wings." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.94.93512.figures1-3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/784751" pageId="0" pageNumber="139">2</figureCitation>
of 
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.87.72842" author="Talamas, EJ" editor="Lahey, Z" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Hymenoptera Research" pageId="0" pageNumber="139" pagination="323 - 480" refId="B46" refString="Talamas, EJ, Bremer, JS, Moore, MR, Bon, M-C, Lahey, Z, Roberts, CG, Combee, LA, McGathey, N, van Noort, S, Timokhov, AV, Hougardy, E, Hogg, B, 2021. A maximalist approach to the systematics of a biological control agent: Gryon aetherium Talamas, sp. nov. (Hymenoptera, Scelionidae). In: Lahey, Z, Talamas, E, Eds., Advances in the Systematics of Platygastroidea III. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 87: 323 - 480, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.87.72842" title="A maximalist approach to the systematics of a biological control agent: Gryon aetherium Talamas, sp. nov. (Hymenoptera, Scelionidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.87.72842" volume="87" volumeTitle="Advances in the Systematics of Platygastroidea III." year="2021">Talamas et al. (2021)</bibRefCitation>
does not allow for analysis of the monophyly or delimitation of these two species groups. The systematics of 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Scelionidae" genus="Hadronotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hadronotus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="139" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="139">Hadronotus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is ongoing and treatment of species groups within the genus is a research priority.
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/jhr.94.93512.figures4-6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/784752" pageId="0" pageNumber="139" start="Figures 4–6" startId="F2">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="139">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="139">Figures 4-6.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Scelionidae" genus="Hadronotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hadronotus pubescens" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="139" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pubescens">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="139">Hadronotus pubescens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, female (FSCA 00094879) 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="139">4</emphasis>
head, mesosoma, metasoma, dorsal view 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="139">5</emphasis>
head and mesosoma, lateral view 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="139">6</emphasis>
head, mesosoma, metasoma, posterolateral view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="139">
The metapectal propodeal complex contains morphological characters that have yet to be fully exploited in 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Scelionidae" genus="Hadronotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hadronotus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="139" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="139">Hadronotus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Carinae and sulci on the metasomal depression vary remarkably among species that we have examined and are likely to become more informative as they are studied in greater detail. The ventral mesopleural carina delimits the posterior margin of the metapleuron on the venter and may be interrupted by the foramen of the hind coxa, as in 
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. pubescens" pageId="0" pageNumber="139" rank="species" species="pubescens">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="139">H. pubescens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Figs 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 7–11" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figures 7 - 11. Hadronotus pubescens, female (FSCA) 7 ventral frons, anterolateral view 8 head, posterolateral view 9 mesosoma, ventrolateral view 10 mesosoma, dorsolateral view, 11 mesosoma, posterolateral view. Scale bars in millimeters." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.94.93512.figures7-11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/784753" pageId="0" pageNumber="139">9</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 7–11" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figures 7 - 11. Hadronotus pubescens, female (FSCA) 7 ventral frons, anterolateral view 8 head, posterolateral view 9 mesosoma, ventrolateral view 10 mesosoma, dorsolateral view, 11 mesosoma, posterolateral view. Scale bars in millimeters." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.94.93512.figures7-11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/784753" pageId="0" pageNumber="139">11</figureCitation>
). A transverse carina often extends from the propodeal foramen across the metasomal depression and may be accompanied by a sulcus (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 7–11" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figures 7 - 11. Hadronotus pubescens, female (FSCA) 7 ventral frons, anterolateral view 8 head, posterolateral view 9 mesosoma, ventrolateral view 10 mesosoma, dorsolateral view, 11 mesosoma, posterolateral view. Scale bars in millimeters." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.94.93512.figures7-11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/784753" pageId="0" pageNumber="139">11</figureCitation>
). 
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.87.72842" author="Talamas, EJ" editor="Lahey, Z" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Hymenoptera Research" pageId="0" pageNumber="139" pagination="323 - 480" refId="B46" refString="Talamas, EJ, Bremer, JS, Moore, MR, Bon, M-C, Lahey, Z, Roberts, CG, Combee, LA, McGathey, N, van Noort, S, Timokhov, AV, Hougardy, E, Hogg, B, 2021. A maximalist approach to the systematics of a biological control agent: Gryon aetherium Talamas, sp. nov. (Hymenoptera, Scelionidae). In: Lahey, Z, Talamas, E, Eds., Advances in the Systematics of Platygastroidea III. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 87: 323 - 480, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.87.72842" title="A maximalist approach to the systematics of a biological control agent: Gryon aetherium Talamas, sp. nov. (Hymenoptera, Scelionidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.87.72842" volume="87" volumeTitle="Advances in the Systematics of Platygastroidea III." year="2021">Talamas et al. (2021)</bibRefCitation>
provided the term &quot;sulcus of the propodeal foramen&quot; for 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Talamas" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Scelionidae" genus="Gryon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gryon aetherium" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="139" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aetherium">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="139">Gryon aetherium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Talamas, which is present only dorsally. In 
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. pubescens" pageId="0" pageNumber="139" rank="species" species="pubescens">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="139">H. pubescens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, foveae are present ventral to the transverse carina on the metasoma depression. It is presently unclear if these foveae are a continuation of the sulcus of the propodeal foramen or an independent structure.
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/jhr.94.93512.figures7-11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/784753" pageId="0" pageNumber="139" start="Figures 7–11" startId="F3">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="139">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="139">Figures 7-11.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Scelionidae" genus="Hadronotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hadronotus pubescens" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="139" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pubescens">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="139">Hadronotus pubescens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, female (FSCA) 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="139">7</emphasis>
ventral frons, anterolateral view 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="139">8</emphasis>
head, posterolateral view 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="139">9</emphasis>
mesosoma, ventrolateral view 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="139">10</emphasis>
mesosoma, dorsolateral view, 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="139">11</emphasis>
mesosoma, posterolateral view. Scale bars in millimeters.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>