treatments-xml/data/96/1A/87/961A87EDFFE3FFABFF54FE26FA276AC2.xml
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<mods:title id="DF421A805E393C917D9514FA532657CA">Taxonomic notes on Hydroidomedusae (Cnidaria) from South China Sea II: Family Bythotiaridae (Anthomedusae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="9E149D18060806B96B1EAEDCAA5F1E77">Zhenzu Xu</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="F70AD9367EE41A0F26DE204BADFB5A51">Jiaqi Huang</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="657B2BB8B491E64D224A87874D6CF65B">Mao Lin</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="6B71A2EBDCC79868101756C25F562F17">Donghui Guo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="23D7F6710E689A3E2F0DA82232691B5D">Chunguang Wang</mods:namePart>
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Key to the genera of
<taxonomicName id="D9B34D78FFE3FFABFE81FE26FE6768CE" ID-CoL="7NG79" box="[349,490,395,417]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Bythotiaridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="2" pageNumber="151" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="family">Bythotiaridae</taxonomicName>
medusae of South
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Sea.
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<paragraph id="1E0C36FBFFE3FFABFF54FE15FA2468A2" blockId="2.[136,1451,440,942]" box="[136,1449,440,462]" pageId="2" pageNumber="151">1. Centripetal canals present, blindly ending or joining base of manubrium............................................................................................2</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1E0C36FBFFE3FFABFF64FE75FA246882" blockId="2.[136,1451,440,942]" box="[184,1449,472,494]" pageId="2" pageNumber="151">Without centripetal canals.................................................................................................................................................................... 3</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1E0C36FBFFE3FFABFF54FE55FA246B62" blockId="2.[136,1451,440,942]" box="[136,1449,504,526]" pageId="2" pageNumber="151">
2. All tentacles hollow; cnidocysts only in the terminal knob...........................................................................
<taxonomicName id="D9B34D78FFE3FFABFB6EFE55FA246B62" ID-CoL="7NRPG" authority="Fewkes, 1882 Two" authorityName="Fewkes, 1882 Two" box="[1202,1449,504,526]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Bythotiaridae" genus="Calycopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="2" pageNumber="151" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="2CC7EAE9FFE3FFABFB6EFE55FA246B62" bold="true" box="[1202,1449,504,526]" pageId="2" pageNumber="151">
<emphasis id="2CC7EAE9FFE3FFABFB6EFE55FA916B61" bold="true" box="[1202,1308,504,526]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="151">Calycopsis</emphasis>
Fewkes, 1882
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Two kinds of tentacles, large, hollow, with rings of cnidocysts and a terminal knob, and small, solid dwarf tentacles without terminal knob ................................................................................................................................................
<taxonomicName id="D9B34D78FFE3FFABFB72FD9AFA246B22" authority="Bigelow, 1920" authorityName="Bigelow" authorityYear="1920" box="[1198,1449,567,590]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Bythotiaridae" genus="Eumedusa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="2" pageNumber="151" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="2CC7EAE9FFE3FFABFB72FD9AFA246B22" bold="true" box="[1198,1449,567,590]" pageId="2" pageNumber="151">
<emphasis id="2CC7EAE9FFE3FFABFB72FD9AFA9A6B22" bold="true" box="[1198,1303,567,589]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="151">Eumedusa</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="7A224B0AFFE3FFABFAC1FD95FA246B22" author="Bigelow, H. B." box="[1309,1449,568,590]" journalOrPublisher="Report of the Canadian Arctic Expedition 1913 - 18" pageId="2" pageNumber="151" pagination="1 - 22" part="8" refString="Bigelow, H. B. 1920. Medusae and Ctenophores from the Canadian Arctic Expedition, 1913 - 18. Report of the Canadian Arctic Expedition 1913 - 18, 8 (H): 1 - 22." title="Medusae and Ctenophores from the Canadian Arctic Expedition, 1913 - 18" type="journal article" year="1920">Bigelow, 1920</bibRefCitation>
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<paragraph id="1E0C36FBFFE3FFABFF54FDF5FA246B02" blockId="2.[136,1451,440,942]" box="[136,1449,600,622]" pageId="2" pageNumber="151">3. Radial canals simple, unbranched ........................................................................................................................................................4</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1E0C36FBFFE3FFABFF64FDD5FA246BE1" blockId="2.[136,1451,440,942]" box="[184,1449,632,654]" pageId="2" pageNumber="151">Radial canals branched; gonads folded or smooth ...............................................................................................................................6</paragraph>
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4. Gonads smooth adradial ............................................................................................................................
<taxonomicName id="D9B34D78FFE3FFABFB46FD3AFA246BC2" ID-CoL="7PWS7" authority="Bouillon, 1980 Gonads" authorityName="Bouillon, 1980 Gonads" box="[1178,1449,663,686]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Bythotiaridae" genus="Pseudotiara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="2" pageNumber="151" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="2CC7EAE9FFE3FFABFB46FD3AFA246BC2" bold="true" box="[1178,1449,663,686]" pageId="2" pageNumber="151">
<emphasis id="2CC7EAE9FFE3FFABFB46FD3AFA9C6BC2" bold="true" box="[1178,1297,663,685]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="151">Pseudotiara</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="7A224B0AFFE3FFABFACBFD35FA246BC2" author="Bouillon, J." box="[1303,1449,664,686]" journalOrPublisher="Cahiers de Biologic Marine" pageId="2" pageNumber="151" pagination="307 - 344" part="21" refString="Bouillon, J. 1980. Hydromeduses de la mer de Bismarck (Papouasie, Nouvelle-Guinee). Partie III: Anthomedusae - Filifera (Hydrozoa- Cnidaria). Cahiers de Biologic Marine, 21 (3): 307 - 344." title="Hydromeduses de la mer de Bismarck (Papouasie, Nouvelle-Guinee). Partie III: Anthomedusae - Filifera (Hydrozoa- Cnidaria)" type="journal article" year="1980">Bouillon, 1980</bibRefCitation>
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<paragraph id="1E0C36FBFFE3FFABFF64FD15FA246BA1" blockId="2.[136,1451,440,942]" box="[184,1449,696,718]" pageId="2" pageNumber="151">Gonads smooth interradial ...................................................................................................................................................................5</paragraph>
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5. 8 radial canals; marginal tentacles with abaxial basal ocelli ...........................................................................
<taxonomicName id="D9B34D78FFE3FFABFB63FD7AFA276B82" ID-CoL="7NRDH" authority="Nair, 1951" authorityName="Nair" authorityYear="1951" box="[1215,1450,727,750]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Bythotiaridae" genus="Bythocellata" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="2" pageNumber="151" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="2CC7EAE9FFE3FFABFB63FD7AFA276B82" bold="true" box="[1215,1450,727,750]" pageId="2" pageNumber="151">
<emphasis id="2CC7EAE9FFE3FFABFB63FD7AFAB66B82" bold="true" box="[1215,1339,727,749]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="151">Bythocellata</emphasis>
Nair, 1951
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4 radial canals; no ocelli.............................................................................................................................
<taxonomicName id="D9B34D78FFE3FFABFB41FD55FA246A62" ID-CoL="7PVW9" authority="Stechow, 1919" authorityName="Stechow" authorityYear="1919" box="[1181,1449,760,782]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Bythotiaridae" genus="Protiaropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="2" pageNumber="151" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="2CC7EAE9FFE3FFABFB41FD55FA246A62" bold="true" box="[1181,1449,760,782]" pageId="2" pageNumber="151">
<emphasis id="2CC7EAE9FFE3FFABFB41FD55FA996A62" bold="true" box="[1181,1300,760,781]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="151">Protiaropsis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="7A224B0AFFE3FFABFAC6FD55FA246A62" author="Stechow, E." box="[1306,1449,760,782]" journalOrPublisher="Zoologische Jahrbucher, Systematik" pageId="2" pageNumber="151" pagination="1 - 172" part="42" refString="Stechow, E. 1919. Zur Kenntnis der Hydroidenfauna des Mittelmeeres, Amerikas und anderer Gebiete, nebst Angaben uber einige Kirchenpauper'sche Typen von Plumulariden. Zoologische Jahrbucher, Systematik, 42 (1 - 3): 1 - 172." title="Zur Kenntnis der Hydroidenfauna des Mittelmeeres, Amerikas und anderer Gebiete, nebst Angaben uber einige Kirchenpauper'sche Typen von Plumulariden" type="journal article" year="1919">Stechow, 1919</bibRefCitation>
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6. Radial canals branching repeatedly at various levels ...........................................................................................
<taxonomicName id="D9B34D78FFE3FFABFB02FCBAFA246A42" ID-CoL="7PZMT" authority="Maas, 1905 Radial" authorityName="Maas, 1905 Radial" box="[1246,1449,791,813]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Bythotiaridae" genus="Sibogita" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="2" pageNumber="151" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="2CC7EAE9FFE3FFABFB02FCBAFA246A42" bold="true" box="[1246,1449,791,813]" pageId="2" pageNumber="151">
<emphasis id="2CC7EAE9FFE3FFABFB02FCBAFAA26A42" bold="true" box="[1246,1327,791,813]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="151">Sibogita</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="7A224B0AFFE3FFABFAE9FCB5FA246A42" author="Maas, O." box="[1333,1449,792,813]" journalOrPublisher="Siboga-Expeditie" pageId="2" pageNumber="151" pagination="1 - 84" part="10" refString="Maas, O. 1905. Die Craspedoten Medusen der Siboga-Expeditie. Siboga-Expeditie, 10: 1 - 84." title="Die Craspedoten Medusen der Siboga-Expeditie" type="journal article" year="1905">Maas, 1905</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1E0C36FBFFE3FFABFF64FC95FA246A22" blockId="2.[136,1451,440,942]" box="[184,1449,824,846]" pageId="2" pageNumber="151">Radial canals simple or bifurcated .......................................................................................................................................................7</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1E0C36FBFFE3FFABFF54FCF5FA276A02" blockId="2.[136,1451,440,942]" box="[136,1450,855,878]" pageId="2" pageNumber="151">
7. 4 radial canals simple or bifurcated; gonads interradial, with transverse furrows; marginal bulbs absent .....
<emphasis id="2CC7EAE9FFE3FFABFB68FCFAFA276A02" bold="true" box="[1204,1450,855,878]" pageId="2" pageNumber="151">
<emphasis id="2CC7EAE9FFE3FFABFB68FCFAFA9C6A02" bold="true" box="[1204,1297,855,877]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="151">Bythotira</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="7A224B0AFFE3FFABFAC4FCF5FA276A02" author="Gunther, R. T." box="[1304,1450,856,878]" journalOrPublisher="Annals and Magazine of Natural History" pageId="2" pageNumber="151" pagination="420 - 430" part="7" refString="Gunther, R. T. 1903. Report on the Coelenterata from the intermediate waters of the N Atlantic, obtained by Mr. George Murray during the Cruise of the ' Oceana' in 1898. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, (7) 11: 420 - 430, pls. 9 - 10." title="Report on the Coelenterata from the intermediate waters of the N Atlantic, obtained by Mr. George Murray during the Cruise of the ' Oceana' in 1898" type="journal article" year="1903">Günther, 1903</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
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2 simple and 2 bifurcated radial canals; gonads smooth perradial; marginal tentacles with basal swellings embedded in mesoglea .... .....................................................................................................................................................
<taxonomicName id="D9B34D78FFE3FFABFB93FC35FA276AC2" authority="Xu &amp; Huang, 1994" authorityName="Xu &amp; Huang" authorityYear="1994" box="[1103,1450,920,942]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Bythotiaridae" genus="Gymnogonium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="2" pageNumber="151" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="2CC7EAE9FFE3FFABFB93FC35FA276AC2" bold="true" box="[1103,1450,920,942]" pageId="2" pageNumber="151">
<emphasis id="2CC7EAE9FFE3FFABFB93FC35FB6E6AC2" bold="true" box="[1103,1251,920,941]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="151">Gymnogonium</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="7A224B0AFFE3FFABFB35FC35FA276AC2" author="Xu, Z. Z. &amp; Huang, J. Q." box="[1257,1450,920,942]" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Xiamen University (Natural Science)" pageId="2" pageNumber="151" pagination="149 - 153" part="33" refString="Xu, Z. Z., Huang, J. Q. 1994. A new genus and two new species of Hydroidomedusae from Taiwan Strait. Journal of Xiamen University (Natural Science), 33 (Sup.): 149 - 153." title="A new genus and two new species of Hydroidomedusae from Taiwan Strait" type="journal article" year="1994">Xu &amp; Huang, 1994</bibRefCitation>
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