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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1165.101983" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-1165-61" ID-Pensoft-UUID="9594B1F317F855C99D087438DE237FB6" ID-ZooBank="14C586D4B99E4A55ABEE834B49501889" ModsDocID="1313-2970-1165-61" checkinTime="1685546447672" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Kyaw, Khine Mon Mon, Yagi, Sadahisa, Oku, Johei &amp; Hirowatari, Toshiya" docDate="2023" docId="879DE2ADA2B052A0B5468480E9E8AE62" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1165: 61-99" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1165" docPubDate="2023-05-30" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1165.101983" docTitle="Palumbina grandiunca Lee &amp; Li 2018" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" id="9594B1F317F855C99D087438DE237FB6" lastPageNumber="61" masterDocId="9594B1F317F855C99D087438DE237FB6" masterDocTitle="Taxonomic study of Palumbina Rondani (Lepidoptera, Gelechiidae, Thiotrichinae) in Japan: biology, immature stages, and a new species" masterLastPageNumber="99" masterPageNumber="61" pageNumber="61" updateTime="1685546447672" updateUser="pensoft">
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<mods:title id="0B67C15B68B36A199A11B84B38A017A1">Taxonomic study of Palumbina Rondani (Lepidoptera, Gelechiidae, Thiotrichinae) in Japan: biology, immature stages, and a new species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="231B0A3C267AF2C762D716FA34F8D8E2">Kyaw, Khine Mon Mon</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="255B76C92A96DA88B8456878FBE0E38E" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5886-3376</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="3D9242AB520617C29FA0FD494E557BC7">Entomological Laboratory, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819 - 0395 Japan</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="53A3DA3D06F09DAC921CCB43AD62B8D0">Yagi, Sadahisa</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="4553A2B13DD28CB47B8F14285867D1CD" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4261-1219</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="F603EC60F4D8FB4B619035C774651104">Entomological Laboratory, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819 - 0395 Japan</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="E4BFD2BAE868DDC37F477D07BA617296">Oku, Johei</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="B33795B6DBD49FBB6EE17499615BD9F9" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9494-398X</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="DB7C35B8B880DE89ED3479FA13D3F78B">Entomological Laboratory, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819 - 0395 Japan</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
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<mods:role id="830E4F17CFD91C512989B866E5C7B84D">
<mods:roleTerm id="F4E05504A7B2AD4D805A429A79E71062">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="857EB883FB931C1201AE0951109E473D">Hirowatari, Toshiya</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="FEEBE52CB45A8F705C8449EC2A891039" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6839-2229</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="638AF0E5B83DF1C2C8A2AD93170BADEF">Entomological Laboratory, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819 - 0395 Japan</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="12CC54352E327E02A1E567F9960CB21F" type="email">hirowat_t@agr.kyushu-u.ac.jp</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="C17F05E00541A20B2A4C9081FCBF9946">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:part id="41D281A57055272D5362092FA040F67C">
<mods:date id="9DD58FAF193E3C7F535E5BE9231EF60E">2023</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="63A9B90C50E83398A2C5470E5EAC24D9">2023-05-30</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="F4783EB00D29931B9BB83366491117A9">1165</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="A1BA994BEA4101A49DFFCE8877B81083">61</mods:start>
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<treatment id="879DE2ADA2B052A0B5468480E9E8AE62" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:879DE2ADA2B052A0B5468480E9E8AE62" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/879DE2ADA2B052A0B5468480E9E8AE62" lastPageNumber="61" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">
<subSubSection id="0080D94855DE2AFDE674AA382521F9A2" pageId="0" pageNumber="61" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="C4E9A3817578D4D3D659D63B757103BE" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">
<taxonomicName id="007F12C0274C106064CF0ADA7257104C" ID-CoL="93JVX" ID-ENA="2201006" LSID="879DE2AD-A2B0-52A0-B546-8480E9E8AE62" authority="Lee &amp; Li, 2018" authorityName="Lee &amp; Li" authorityYear="2018" class="Insecta" family="Gelechiidae" genus="Palumbina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Palumbina grandiunca" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="grandiunca">Palumbina grandiunca Lee &amp; Li, 2018</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="219A5BA389037B36E0707A4953EC7071" pageId="0" pageNumber="61" type="description">
<paragraph id="83BB78C2DC2726AE17EABC1AE9664046" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">
<figureCitation id="134AD77CC26751204C932B4BF7D06503" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Adults of Palumbina spp. A P. pylartis, male B ditto, female C P. acerosa, male D ditto, female E P. grandiunca, male F ditto, female. Scale bars: 4.0 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1165.101983.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/856652" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">Figs 1E, F</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="D918E0F6F00AC7CC20F9AAE46515C062" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Male genitalia of Palumbina spp. A P. pylartis, genitalia slide no. KM- 383 B P. acerosa, genitalia slide no. KM- 320 C P. grandiunca, genitalia slide no. SY 1454 D P. operaria, genitalia slide no. KM- 389 E P. macrodelta, genitalia slide no. SY 1455 F P. muraseae sp. nov., holotype, genitalia slide no. KM- 374. Scale bars: 0.40 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1165.101983.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/856657" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">, 6C</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="211148A63D55E7B941F9144B53F64915" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Abdominal segments of Palumbina spp. A P. pylartis, slide no. KM- 383 B P. acerosa, slide no. KM- 320 C P. grandiunca, slide no. SY 1454 D P. operaria, slide no. KM- 389 E P. macrodelta, slide no. SY 1455 F P. muraseae sp. nov., holotype, slide no. KM- 374. Scale bars: 1.0 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1165.101983.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/856658" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">, 7C</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="1BC474F5465CE1092C286991353EA5AA" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Female genitalia of Palumbina spp. A P. pylartis, genitalia slide no. KM- 330 B P. acerosa, genitalia slide no. KM- 381 C P. grandiunca, genitalia slide no. SY 1453 D P. operaria, genitalia slide no. Palumbina No. 1 E P. macrodelta, genitalia slide no. KM- 328 F P. muraseae sp. nov., whole genitalia, genitalia slide no. KM- 348 and signum, genitalia slide no. KM- 427. Scale bars: 0.50 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1165.101983.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/856659" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">, 8C</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="EC2F0EF7141351DCD2B313C2D82A1D30" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Resting position of adult Palumbina spp. A P. pylartis, female B P. acerosa, female C P. grandiunca, female D P. muraseae sp. nov., male." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1165.101983.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/856660" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">, 9C</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="B6C531332066020B4006E6CD714032CC" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Palumbina grandiunca and its host plant. A host plant: Toxicodendron succedaneum (Anacardiaceae) B infected young petiole C initial small hole on young petiole D small holes after the larva leave from the petiole E larva feces inside the infected petiole F leaf cut by larva G larval case attached to leaf surface H leaf cases I larva inside its leaf case J young pupa K pupa L pupal exuvia left by an emerged adult." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1165.101983.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/856663" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">, 12</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="F7FA3CD2ECE674F6764A4C5F36F8AC8E" captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. Chaetotaxy of P. grandiunca. A head, frontal view B ditto, lateral view C mandible D anal plate E anal fork F the prothorax, mesothorax and abdominal segments 1, 6 - 9. Scale bars: 0.10 mm (A, B, F); 0.20 mm (C, D, E)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1165.101983.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/856667" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">, 16</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="A701C11E8D1B6B346D8AB418C361A31E" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="F17" captionText="Figure 17. Larva of P. grandiunca. A thoracic leg B crochets C anal proleg D anal shield. Scale bars: 0.40 mm (A, C, D); 0.20 mm (B)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1165.101983.figure17" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/856668" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">, 17</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="CDBBD03CE3B00F3C358F0AC76C1DACE1" captionStart="Figure 20" captionStartId="F20" captionText="Figure 20. Female pupa of P. grandiunca. A dorsal view B ventral view C lateral view. A Arrow on A 7 indicates a transverse row of tergal spinules anteriorly, and the arrow on A 10 indicates short spinules. B the arrow on A 7 indicates an oval pad with a row of spinules. C the arrow on the vertex indicates many minute spines, and arrows on A 5 and A 6 indicate a transverse row of dot-like spinules. Scale bars: 1.0 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1165.101983.figure20" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/856671" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">, 20</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="AB03B3823805116731D3C593CC56149D" captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="F21" captionText="Figure 21. Female pupa of P. grandiunca. A ventral view B lateral view C dorsal view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1165.101983.figure21" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/856672" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">, 21 Japanese name: Hazenoki-ginhoso-kibaga</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="28BC30E437EB68EA1E090144CE9950D5" pageId="0" pageNumber="61" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="6B717A476F77C88E0A20510B9EA59E52" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">
<taxonomicName id="85596ECFBF54175AC4BC1B750DA7B59C" authorityName="Lee &amp; Li" authorityYear="2018" class="Insecta" family="Gelechiidae" genus="Palumbina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Palumbina grandiunca" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="grandiunca">Palumbina grandiunca</taxonomicName>
Lee &amp; Li, 2018:
<bibRefCitation id="EEF965D515659B0C47A9A619DFA0EA44" DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4414.1.1" author="Lee, GE" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="61" pagination="1 - 73" refId="B20" refString="Lee, GE, Li, H, Han, T, Park, H, 2018. A taxonomic review of the genus Palumbina Rondani, 1876 (Lepidoptera, Gelechiidae, Thiotrichinae) from China, with descriptions of twelve new species. Zootaxa 4414 (1): 1 - 73, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4414.1.1" title="A taxonomic review of the genus Palumbina Rondani, 1876 (Lepidoptera, Gelechiidae, Thiotrichinae) from China, with descriptions of twelve new species." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4414.1.1" volume="4414" year="2018">Lee et al. 2018</bibRefCitation>
: 15, fig. 68. TL: Hainan, China. TD: NKU.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="91D8B17B864B80BEC96E0D9F398D0219" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">
<taxonomicName id="3118465014457AD8C6913B96787A5597" authorityName="Rondani" authorityYear="1876" class="Insecta" family="Gelechiidae" genus="Palumbina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Palumbina" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Palumbina</taxonomicName>
sp. 1:
<bibRefCitation id="AC30057199DAF8DFA0297F2646933028" DOI="https://doi.org/10.18984/lepid.69.1_19" author="Oku, J" journalOrPublisher="Lepidoptera Science" pageId="0" pageNumber="61" pagination="19 - 32" refId="B32" refString="Oku, J, Sakamaki, Y, Samehima, S, Tsuda, K, Terada, T, 2018. Records of Gelechioid moths from Amami-Ōshima Island. Lepidoptera Science 69 (1): 19 - 32, DOI: https://doi.org/10.18984/lepid.69.1_19" title="Records of Gelechioid moths from Amami-Ōshima Island." url="https://doi.org/10.18984/lepid.69.1_19" volume="69" year="2018">Oku et al. 2018</bibRefCitation>
: 58, fig. 46.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="66A15A9BEC9CB4B98ACBE8BD89035C3F" pageId="0" pageNumber="61" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="C41E4FA5D661CCD1DCD025C22A247498" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">Material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="37E8178E59103E2B6E1CDE2E05237FA9" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">
<materialsCitation id="C17B56CCC180120C902C19F056E4C45C" collectingDate="1994-06-11" collectingDateMax="2019-07-22" collectingDateMin="1994-06-11" collectorName="T. Saito, Amamioshima Is., S. Sameshima, Tokunoshima Is. San, S. Yagi, Okinawajima Is., Yona, Kunigami-son, Hentona, Hizi, Ishigakijima Is., Takeda-rindo, Iriomotejima Is., Host, K. M. M. Kyaw, Sonai Forestry Park, Shirahama, T. Hirowatari, S. Kobayashi, K. Nakatsuka, T. Yoshida" country="Japan" county="Honshu" elevation="340" location="Hidaka-tyo" municipality="Inaba" specimenCount="4070" specimenCount-female="8" specimenCount-larva="4038" specimenCount-male="24" stateProvince="Hyogo">
<collectingCountry id="93F0F52D795011DDB60BB834AA3E268C" name="Japan">Japan</collectingCountry>
-
<emphasis id="8A561517B10F828986FB22EFC3CF8D25" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">
<collectingCounty id="2FF415639A2AB0BE7D7A12C77C07C21C">Honshu</collectingCounty>
</emphasis>
[
<collectingRegion id="25F8A34D876978ABB3C2A68F40D886CC" country="Japan" name="Hyogo">Hyogo</collectingRegion>
] •
<specimenCount id="76B752084DA831AF731FDF4760B33CF0" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
;
<collectingMunicipality id="48C1A03AD1D8226761293AE5681AE801">Inaba</collectingMunicipality>
(
<location id="32B4988763FBB55EBC26494CE92938B2" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:879DE2ADA2B052A0B5468480E9E8AE62:32B4988763FBB55EBC26494CE92938B2" country="Japan" county="Honshu" municipality="Inaba" name="Hidaka-tyo" stateProvince="Hyogo">Hidaka-tyo</location>
);
<collectingDate id="F84C5861F228BAF9A31F051CBAA555AE" value="1994-06-11">11 Jun. 1994</collectingDate>
;
<collectorName id="120DD1520B4DBF9C60398D0B6470BF69">T. Saito</collectorName>
leg.; gen. slide no. KM-305; OPU. -
<emphasis id="2FEB9D65E7896EBBE33E33D42447E81A" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">
<location id="3FFD818F449273B8331828CD6FBE0144" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:879DE2ADA2B052A0B5468480E9E8AE62:3FFD818F449273B8331828CD6FBE0144" country="Japan" county="Honshu" municipality="Inaba" name="Ryukyus" stateProvince="Hyogo">Ryukyus</location>
</emphasis>
[
<collectingRegion id="A3C61FD5DF8C7358E09F417CAE2D92FC" country="Japan" name="Kagoshima">Kagoshima</collectingRegion>
] •
<specimenCount id="BB2566E5CA3E743996ECC19E46A84EE9" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
;
<collectorName id="A956722750B6E424197BE9E5183F4214">Amamioshima Is.</collectorName>
,
<location id="0C54FA849277A90FB2F43A6AC66172A9" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:879DE2ADA2B052A0B5468480E9E8AE62:0C54FA849277A90FB2F43A6AC66172A9" country="Japan" county="Honshu" municipality="Inaba" name="Uken-son" stateProvince="Hyogo">Uken-son</location>
,
<location id="E0F4D5118AED4A7C5DF1933C386241B9" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:879DE2ADA2B052A0B5468480E9E8AE62:E0F4D5118AED4A7C5DF1933C386241B9" country="Japan" county="Honshu" municipality="Inaba" name="Yuwandake" stateProvince="Hyogo">Yuwandake</location>
;
<collectingDate id="D900F120940A46B44DB20A89502052C4" value="2003-07-21">21 Jul. 2003</collectingDate>
;
<collectorName id="2AE2F9F648337739A4B5B5053697B9BB">T. Saito</collectorName>
leg.; OPU. •
<specimenCount id="6B0717B7FF4F6D1BF27B635F4F747ABD" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
; same locality;
<collectingDate id="B78A34458077C9A05C8409FAEADB467B" value="2014-06-19">19 Jun. 2014</collectingDate>
;
<collectorName id="E48B7DE1C59E91C59E5C1322AE187245">S. Sameshima</collectorName>
leg.; KGU. •
<specimenCount id="CFC2270660B89701C658FF93DF3003A2" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
; same data except
<collectingDate id="E4FBAE628F8B03B3B2C08F3395F89B92" value="2015-05-07">7 May 2015</collectingDate>
; gen. slide no.KM-304; KGU. •
<specimenCount id="498B4CC08445FA9BAC2D49DAC48DCAA5" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
; same data except
<collectingDate id="221676F4FFBEAAA56A93F795BB6ACD15" value="2015-05-18">18 May 2015</collectingDate>
; gen. slide no.KM-306; KGU. •
<specimenCount id="DC2946213D6DDCDF74C7112C6E697511" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
;
<collectorName id="428412D634BE5E5266BEFB80B5F208FE">Amamioshima Is.</collectorName>
,
<location id="099164166B99F951FD96C3DF0C1A95F3" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:879DE2ADA2B052A0B5468480E9E8AE62:099164166B99F951FD96C3DF0C1A95F3" country="Japan" county="Honshu" municipality="Inaba" name="Uken-son" stateProvince="Hyogo">Uken-son</location>
,
<location id="2E6120A508BA866A80C270B0F434E541" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:879DE2ADA2B052A0B5468480E9E8AE62:2E6120A508BA866A80C270B0F434E541" country="Japan" county="Honshu" municipality="Inaba" name="Akatuti-yama" stateProvince="Hyogo">Akatuti-yama</location>
;
<collectingDate id="E3F3CF99E815B14BD726BA3BC1CF1B56" value="2012-08-18">18 Aug. 2012</collectingDate>
;
<collectorName id="DF420539FDE7EBE48AC94D790179ED4A">S. Sameshima</collectorName>
leg.; KGU. •
<specimenCount id="16ED74551532DBF7686BB9860D83048F" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
; same data except
<collectingDate id="9A3368929BC57065DEA2A9847A0FC436" value="2012-09-08">8 Sep. 2012</collectingDate>
; KGU. •
<specimenCount id="260DC10AA4B68C2728B62E6DCEF26DE7" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
; same data except
<collectingDate id="F9A9F79CA8870DFEAC3261B4181F938B" value="2012-08-18">18 Aug. 2012</collectingDate>
; KGU. •
<specimenCount id="AFD35F8FE72EB7554BA783768E46A09A" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
; same data except
<collectingDate id="FAB3A5733F1649A9EA692391BC95BD8B" value="2013-05-21">21 May 2013</collectingDate>
; KGU. •
<specimenCount id="3C588840AE525AFF67A43336986ABEDC" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
; same data except
<collectingDate id="2EAF557C83AF854AAE948D32E6EB7A7C" value="2013-06-12">12 Jun. 2013</collectingDate>
; gen. slide no. KM-303; KGU. •
<specimenCount id="4AB77B48027361BCB08AD04D5AB4FA9A" type="male">2♂♂</specimenCount>
; same data except
<collectingDate id="4C3EF2667A7E7B36FDCFFE58828AC82D" value="2015-05-25">25 May 2015</collectingDate>
; gen. slide no. KM-308; KGU. •
<specimenCount id="E2EBEF095DC7DEAA7617076C23C0A98F" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
; same data except
<collectingDate id="564EB9CF024293CA5CEBF90AA30C0AE1" value="2015-05-26">26 May 2015</collectingDate>
; gen. slide no. KM-310; KGU. •
<specimenCount id="67CC8DAE60AD425CCC4504876DF7A7A3" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
; same data except
<collectingDate id="8E14F83195B835C82C787A5C6E5304B0" value="2015-05-27">27 May 2015</collectingDate>
; KGU. •
<specimenCount id="A8DE4CB6D2E29A206668A89C85E80BFF" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
; same data except
<collectingDate id="746CC5A65A72BE31AA901A7C2553BF99" value="2015-06-01">1 Jun. 2015</collectingDate>
; KGU. •
<specimenCount id="B7DE388283F26BBD361A80B5C0D18AAD" type="female">2♀♀</specimenCount>
;
<collectorName id="25775D40B2DA4963B692A2AB6F4538D6">Amamioshima Is.</collectorName>
,
<location id="4B84926E9B915D4094E7856C7DF0B03E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:879DE2ADA2B052A0B5468480E9E8AE62:4B84926E9B915D4094E7856C7DF0B03E" country="Japan" county="Honshu" municipality="Inaba" name="Sumiyo-son" stateProvince="Hyogo">Sumiyo-son</location>
,
<location id="1A5990008340D71E29E02A20DC62FFD2" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:879DE2ADA2B052A0B5468480E9E8AE62:1A5990008340D71E29E02A20DC62FFD2" country="Japan" county="Honshu" municipality="Inaba" name="Kamiya" stateProvince="Hyogo">Kamiya</location>
;
<collectingDate id="7B561B465A3A054C5418BE8CB6B293BB" value="2015-05-23">23 May 2015</collectingDate>
;
<collectorName id="4EC8DD0C3832017D89ECB0C4AF1D36B2">S. Sameshima</collectorName>
leg.; KGU. •
<specimenCount id="D246C527E3622900AF511A10E1F89997" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
;
<collectorName id="0B89CDD8FB54C44122242A4AE58E61A1">Amamioshima Is.</collectorName>
,
<location id="B5856AB36092282FA818D25AC32B0A13" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:879DE2ADA2B052A0B5468480E9E8AE62:B5856AB36092282FA818D25AC32B0A13" country="Japan" county="Honshu" municipality="Inaba" name="Buren" stateProvince="Hyogo">Buren</location>
;
<collectingDate id="AC770838A22D781907B1C9D2C8A26870" value="2014-09-14">14 Sep. 2014</collectingDate>
;
<collectorName id="2B90C2AC17C30888D9FBA3AB318557D6">S. Sameshima</collectorName>
leg.; gen. slide no. KM-302; KGU. •
<specimenCount id="C338D519F75987B1AB2B22A2BFC4954A" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
;
<collectorName id="1C5CC483E39CBDD1FBDAFD256E7C44C3">Amamioshima Is.</collectorName>
, Setouti-to-cho,
<location id="ECCE71181B7A6134D0DFCB1B4D2A81C7" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:879DE2ADA2B052A0B5468480E9E8AE62:ECCE71181B7A6134D0DFCB1B4D2A81C7" country="Japan" county="Honshu" municipality="Inaba" name="Mt Yui-dake" stateProvince="Hyogo">Mt Yui-dake</location>
;
<collectingDate id="75D8E4A86920D678BC870741B19EAC44" value="2014-09-30">30 Sep. 2014</collectingDate>
;
<collectorName id="EB0BC616D819C1C6B275E8A69C2F748D">S. Sameshima</collectorName>
leg.; gen. slide no. KM-307; KGU. •
<specimenCount id="7E7D6D77AEC343CEC340C04EB3A0AECE" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
;
<collectorName id="EAB1DEC1EBD7442B06FFFE5CF905B3F0">Tokunoshima Is. San</collectorName>
,
<location id="2204622FFF39E218A92F8EF92E1EC905" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:879DE2ADA2B052A0B5468480E9E8AE62:2204622FFF39E218A92F8EF92E1EC905" country="Japan" county="Honshu" municipality="Inaba" name="Tokunoshima" stateProvince="Hyogo">Tokunoshima</location>
;
<collectingDate id="025620454D02979ED7A7F77969D74502" value="2016-07-12">12 Jul. 2016</collectingDate>
, LT;
<collectorName id="DD066F6CF20F737E8946513E1F7E6B4E">S. Yagi</collectorName>
leg.; ELKU. [
<collectingRegion id="FD57F67C591916EE47057B7A4E9FA415" country="Japan" name="Okinawa">Okinawa</collectingRegion>
] •
<specimenCount id="59947EFE6A3AF322A793AC7FE222616F" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
;
<collectorName id="B779EF7D039F6980ACA5B7D3716F78B9">Okinawajima Is.</collectorName>
,
<location id="A48FF2D6307292C76F45E360A8468CB6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:879DE2ADA2B052A0B5468480E9E8AE62:A48FF2D6307292C76F45E360A8468CB6" country="Japan" county="Honshu" municipality="Inaba" name="Benoki" stateProvince="Hyogo">Benoki</location>
,
<location id="557366314EA448DF73BB5508F16333FF" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:879DE2ADA2B052A0B5468480E9E8AE62:557366314EA448DF73BB5508F16333FF" country="Japan" county="Honshu" municipality="Inaba" name="Kunigami-son" stateProvince="Hyogo">Kunigami-son</location>
,
<location id="E9CE70ED18CAEA3DBF1014E0DCBE0BE3" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:879DE2ADA2B052A0B5468480E9E8AE62:E9CE70ED18CAEA3DBF1014E0DCBE0BE3" country="Japan" county="Honshu" municipality="Inaba" name="Mt. Nishime" stateProvince="Hyogo">Mt. Nishime</location>
<quantity id="D8A43C747B1BC3D678203B9DB41D4BA4" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.4" unit="m" value="340.0">
<elevation id="5120C3F9EFE4DB44F6269AD2F6657460" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.4" unit="m" value="340.0">340m</elevation>
</quantity>
;
<collectingDate id="FF6DB1032D48CFBA2AA1CAAC198EE653" value="2015-08-03">3 Aug. 2015</collectingDate>
, LT;
<collectorName id="584B0AC56C892B9C1D6570731C415155">S. Yagi</collectorName>
leg., genitalia slide no. SY1454; ELKU. •
<specimenCount id="33F541EAFD2E9A90616CED1CF30B8C59" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
;
<collectorName id="294B2BDFF464AFFACD1FE0693123B1C6">Okinawajima Is.</collectorName>
, Sate, Kunigami-son,
<location id="662C2EA86B261D68B4D97A1FC2042C94" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:879DE2ADA2B052A0B5468480E9E8AE62:662C2EA86B261D68B4D97A1FC2042C94" country="Japan" county="Honshu" municipality="Inaba" name="Mt. Terukubi" stateProvince="Hyogo">Mt. Terukubi</location>
<quantity id="5535B4D939127F8044C547809B76A734" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" unit="m" value="300.0">
<elevation id="92D6BA6DB85D343070643AE3FE429074" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" unit="m" value="300.0">300m</elevation>
</quantity>
;
<collectingDate id="765C362826A332DA6E92110B8AA6D2A6" value="2015-05-28">28 May 2015</collectingDate>
, LT;
<collectorName id="34F95CE62971F7C5FA73ED9721BA88FB">S. Yagi</collectorName>
leg.; ELKU. •
<specimenCount id="140A625C5711A6B4ADB976EE63001151" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
; same data except
<collectingDate id="6AC29AFEBA817A759EDF17B86E1F075E" value="2017-03-17">17 Mar. 2017</collectingDate>
; gen. slide no. KM-309; ELKU. •
<specimenCount id="3A82A2017A8FC2B199B2A0EC332A06F7" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
;
<collectorName id="7AA703A0E643FF3BA5A94F383921F7EC">Okinawajima Is.</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="3DCCA2AA8A461F49E1FF2C3F303FEA9B">Yona</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="3900491A1356960A5A061223608E7860">Kunigami-son</collectorName>
;
<collectingDate id="454063A13B130428EF39FB4818553A7B" value="2000-05-06">6 May 2000</collectingDate>
;
<collectorName id="AF450AA615F93B44493553E4EB5BFDDB">T. Saito</collectorName>
leg.; gen. slide no. KM-312; OPU. •
<specimenCount id="71FEA30B6704C93B54F113145D0E2258" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
;
<collectorName id="8A8B7DD84D5D8DAA2BCEDFEE398E556F">Okinawajima Is.</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="37C49F68D0631B7EDA8A2CF82F0C9777">Hentona</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="87017DAA839BD843DB3BAC6726D45B3A">Kunigami-son</collectorName>
;
<collectingDate id="ACB3D5BE2AEEF98F38BCB4631124DD3C" value="2017-03-15">15 Mar. 2017</collectingDate>
, LT;
<collectorName id="B193AC0F437CABDFA8FF9E91357B4755">S. Yagi</collectorName>
leg.; ELKU. •
<specimenCount id="6D3547CA1ECAB549BC31C6BE1B56F8C6" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
,
<collectorName id="0836769B62AC3BD6804250E90992AD93">Okinawajima Is.</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="FC930769BDB297B88501AC957584AEFF">Hizi</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="E186E24DFAC0DCFB9348DC2403E60DCA">Kunigami-son</collectorName>
;
<collectingDate id="5517DE505D71B243A232C60A975A8C7B" value="2002-08-03">3 Aug. 2002</collectingDate>
;
<collectorName id="B11CDB819460C7F57E4E4C4A0AC80F88">T. Saito</collectorName>
leg., gen. slide no. KM-311; OPU. •
<specimenCount id="5A1E715D030808FF785CC18FCA502026" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
;
<collectorName id="3FD5611835DB9374FC3B47DD0C358068">Ishigakijima Is.</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="83BF9B51FABB894986DAA7F152A9DEB1">Takeda-rindo</collectorName>
;
<collectingDate id="772BEC974B834A61F7DCC08A0113F4A6" value="2017-07-05">5 Jul. 2017</collectingDate>
;
<collectorName id="BC94905CD6E0C9809B447822FE3721F2">S. Yagi</collectorName>
leg.; ELKU. •
<specimenCount id="6CB4EF6454199AA8ADB06F79DD62013C" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
;
<collectorName id="8F5E7E5BB9C9CB39A679051E998AD5F9">Iriomotejima Is.</collectorName>
,
<location id="692DD7ECE263B26765F18940B323C345" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:879DE2ADA2B052A0B5468480E9E8AE62:692DD7ECE263B26765F18940B323C345" country="Japan" county="Honshu" municipality="Inaba" name="Aira River" stateProvince="Hyogo">Aira River</location>
;
<collectingDate id="1857F9E53E6A99379F457F2CB4DF34AF" value="2019-06-26">
26 Jun.
<specimenCount id="26C9324BCCEFE62414ABBB4BE60D733D" type="larva">2019 larva</specimenCount>
</collectingDate>
;
<collectingDate id="06849CFAA8ABCCE853F7E22651DE384F" value="2019-07-22">22 Jul. 2019</collectingDate>
em.;
<collectorName id="ECB3050E88286732A3AFE1CE9F49F93B">Host</collectorName>
:
<taxonomicName id="180BE76B4B88F164846B431C8F1A650B" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Anacardiaceae" genus="Toxicodendron" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Toxicodendron succedaneum" order="Sapindales" pageId="0" pageNumber="61" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="succedaneum">
<emphasis id="7FF418D0E73DAFE7568B21FF1CB85E26" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">Toxicodendron succedaneum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<collectorName id="187CBC0ADD9A32CF66B2518F9FAEF22F">K.M.M. Kyaw</collectorName>
leg.; gen. slide no. SY1453; ELKU. •
<specimenCount id="085C2198C3B818DF1F0BE36E28BF64AC" type="male">2♂♂</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="5B1623B5AC8CE04159BFD1B6890A60A1" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
;
<collectorName id="0116139430BD5412429D531EAD721BDA">Iriomotejima Is.</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="67F18B9D9A889AB33995946F7EDE7AA9">Sonai Forestry Park</collectorName>
;
<collectingDate id="6FD557064352F126E220C95E7F28576C" value="2019-06-27">
27 Jun.
<specimenCount id="D3D51171D5D9DDA3D99A753B60B0B1DC" type="larva">2019 larva</specimenCount>
</collectingDate>
;
<collectingDate id="4A6F3F944C0C905CE4844000C52AC58F" value="2019-07-16" valueMax="2019-07-17" valueMin="2019-07-16">16-17 Jul. 2019</collectingDate>
em.;
<collectorName id="A70AE42B0EBE858D5B778B70EDD33434">Host</collectorName>
:
<taxonomicName id="94A037AD101013504B88A12316825A0F" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Anacardiaceae" genus="Toxicodendron" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Toxicodendron succedaneum" order="Sapindales" pageId="0" pageNumber="61" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="succedaneum">
<emphasis id="76EAB1058B61727C38D5AC8255FF08FE" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">Toxicodendron succedaneum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<collectorName id="C9176F6064421317AEE44FF05BBD408D">K.M.M. Kyaw</collectorName>
leg.; ELKU. •
<specimenCount id="B1EB5B26B0BEEE3DF667CA10C4CA525E" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
;
<collectorName id="C2B9EF85F7792D9CB155C5C58CDEF690">Iriomotejima Is.</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="D4CB811545F2344EDF2CB4C7079A961C">Shirahama</collectorName>
;
<collectingDate id="54031396EC78C2530E26D0BC633D5A74" value="2012-05-08">8 May 2012</collectingDate>
, LT;
<collectorName id="ACFE5441CD89DBAC17D24EE9EAC175F5">T. Hirowatari</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="AE47EC898724F6F89455C9C73D27481B">S. Kobayashi</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="905E266DDEA35F83FB75D3012581B077">K. Nakatsuka</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="B63AC5B654EE0A31256AA9A9E105BF7F">T. Yoshida</collectorName>
leg.; OPU
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="BBC5B91F15C57CAFFDDE4D1AEBD2E1F9" doi="10.3897/zookeys.1165.101983.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/856658" pageId="0" pageNumber="61" start="Figure 7" startId="F7">
<paragraph id="0436F5C3579D5862C521F6E40E283BF9" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">
<emphasis id="C38E69880BB5A2AC3593A2EBE11B9980" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">Figure 7.</emphasis>
Abdominal segments of
<taxonomicName id="07624E5B06CDEA7CB9DC924EDFA3FD51" authorityName="Rondani" authorityYear="1876" class="Insecta" family="Gelechiidae" genus="Palumbina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Palumbina" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="08EF27BD1DA7A1B8BBF95EA254836933" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">Palumbina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
spp.
<emphasis id="491B32B7245D8CD9FB92F96EF8FDAD8C" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">A</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="C0C3F47A58961B5443FA76A0900626D2" lsidName="P. pylartis" pageId="0" pageNumber="61" rank="species" species="pylartis">
<emphasis id="D914837BE5FBB2359C71BBE102B9B799" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">P. pylartis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, slide no. KM-383
<emphasis id="678CECDB6B7229370945107EE9F00269" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">B</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="513C2666EA7F0F9F8CC252E910C290C2" lsidName="P. acerosa" pageId="0" pageNumber="61" rank="species" species="acerosa">
<emphasis id="CEE549B5792CC0B72189E69BF1F39F19" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">P. acerosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, slide no. KM-320
<emphasis id="CD03BA127214E24C7545B10E5FF1B7C9" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">C</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="CC8AA969C2FBE3A54E25BEF541FD7BEB" lsidName="P. grandiunca" pageId="0" pageNumber="61" rank="species" species="grandiunca">
<emphasis id="5B51E233DAEF84C2D0B831C9DE2D37F0" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">P. grandiunca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, slide no. SY1454
<emphasis id="91C4700E419237A9B7D4DC80029F2209" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">D</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="7AC94B7D384016C90721A297A63B59E6" lsidName="P. operaria" pageId="0" pageNumber="61" rank="species" species="operaria">
<emphasis id="DB89AEECC88FAADC62AB9D38E91DCD62" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">P. operaria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, slide no. KM-389
<emphasis id="A4189FC5F72A6CDEEBBA3FFE09C81164" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">E</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="E0FA8421017727582DEEFC7142F7011F" lsidName="P. macrodelta" pageId="0" pageNumber="61" rank="species" species="macrodelta">
<emphasis id="210777A242CE1BAC2F701023A90822CA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">P. macrodelta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, slide no. SY1455
<emphasis id="0F9D37147D01169568106766BC4A8A12" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">F</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="0965F9D205CFDAED873C6DD0A1187F20" lsidName="P. muraseae" pageId="0" pageNumber="61" rank="species" species="muraseae">
<emphasis id="4E573AF26792C28D381F76864DCC2299" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">P. muraseae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov.,
<typeStatus id="648D7073751A3930515383C551CEC1E1">holotype</typeStatus>
, slide no. KM-374. Scale bars: 1.0 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="317F4C7FADC7E9309F37E091C300C233" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">
For the diagnosis and detailed description of the adults and genitalia, see
<bibRefCitation id="FBCCB54D1E0C75FF3ED3FE3E6CDA101E" DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4414.1.1" author="Lee, GE" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="61" pagination="1 - 73" refId="B20" refString="Lee, GE, Li, H, Han, T, Park, H, 2018. A taxonomic review of the genus Palumbina Rondani, 1876 (Lepidoptera, Gelechiidae, Thiotrichinae) from China, with descriptions of twelve new species. Zootaxa 4414 (1): 1 - 73, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4414.1.1" title="A taxonomic review of the genus Palumbina Rondani, 1876 (Lepidoptera, Gelechiidae, Thiotrichinae) from China, with descriptions of twelve new species." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4414.1.1" volume="4414" year="2018">Lee et al. (2018)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="0D202A98CE106C61972ACB22F3848208" pageId="0" pageNumber="61" type="description">
<paragraph id="3E61D4E2FEF79729794E71550736905D" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4910D0C54564D8B7F4F6021AB924868C" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">
<emphasis id="1F27ACD4CC989B81171260DDF8F18F3A" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">Larva</emphasis>
(Figs
<figureCitation id="50F3ABE85833D4E75C4A202A4AAB2A1F" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Palumbina grandiunca and its host plant. A host plant: Toxicodendron succedaneum (Anacardiaceae) B infected young petiole C initial small hole on young petiole D small holes after the larva leave from the petiole E larva feces inside the infected petiole F leaf cut by larva G larval case attached to leaf surface H leaf cases I larva inside its leaf case J young pupa K pupa L pupal exuvia left by an emerged adult." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1165.101983.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/856663" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">12I</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="9AE243DB1CDB3A695E87FF5CCFA8534D" captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. Chaetotaxy of P. grandiunca. A head, frontal view B ditto, lateral view C mandible D anal plate E anal fork F the prothorax, mesothorax and abdominal segments 1, 6 - 9. Scale bars: 0.10 mm (A, B, F); 0.20 mm (C, D, E)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1165.101983.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/856667" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">16</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="417287F88E5372A554C822DEE6DF20E3" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="F17" captionText="Figure 17. Larva of P. grandiunca. A thoracic leg B crochets C anal proleg D anal shield. Scale bars: 0.40 mm (A, C, D); 0.20 mm (B)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1165.101983.figure17" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/856668" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">17</figureCitation>
). Length ~ 3.0 mm (
<emphasis id="B5B80DBDCFBB1CA3D4E4B430DBB28155" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">n</emphasis>
= 6), slender. Head subglobular; yellowish brown, with blackish pigmentations on ocellar area and on anterior margin of labrum. Body pale yellow in early instars and yellowish brown in late instars. Prothoracic shield yellowish brown, with blackish brown on caudal margin. Thoracic legs short, pale yellowish brown. Pinaculum more or less rounded, blackish brown on T1-T3, A1, A2, A8, and A9; paler on remaining abdominal segments. Anal shield heavily sclerotized, yellowish brown (Figs
<figureCitation id="1930619E88FC815BE7055217543411CF" captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. Chaetotaxy of P. grandiunca. A head, frontal view B ditto, lateral view C mandible D anal plate E anal fork F the prothorax, mesothorax and abdominal segments 1, 6 - 9. Scale bars: 0.10 mm (A, B, F); 0.20 mm (C, D, E)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1165.101983.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/856667" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">16D</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="9BC650EA82ACA48BE2EC9CA3725EB972" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="F17" captionText="Figure 17. Larva of P. grandiunca. A thoracic leg B crochets C anal proleg D anal shield. Scale bars: 0.40 mm (A, C, D); 0.20 mm (B)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1165.101983.figure17" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/856668" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">17D</figureCitation>
). Anal fork present, deeply emarginated, forming two lateral lobes (Figs
<figureCitation id="5B49250F8FE1332CBF5333F4E5D5D350" captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. Chaetotaxy of P. grandiunca. A head, frontal view B ditto, lateral view C mandible D anal plate E anal fork F the prothorax, mesothorax and abdominal segments 1, 6 - 9. Scale bars: 0.10 mm (A, B, F); 0.20 mm (C, D, E)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1165.101983.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/856667" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">16E</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="5FC36BCAFBB37F2E73FCB3ED7E123679" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="F17" captionText="Figure 17. Larva of P. grandiunca. A thoracic leg B crochets C anal proleg D anal shield. Scale bars: 0.40 mm (A, C, D); 0.20 mm (B)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1165.101983.figure17" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/856668" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">17D</figureCitation>
). Anal prolegs armed with many minute spines on dorsal surface (Fig.
<figureCitation id="8C540F13E67F5150CF48923127235883" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="F17" captionText="Figure 17. Larva of P. grandiunca. A thoracic leg B crochets C anal proleg D anal shield. Scale bars: 0.40 mm (A, C, D); 0.20 mm (B)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1165.101983.figure17" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/856668" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">17C</figureCitation>
). Crochets uni-ordinal, 13-17 in number on ventral prolegs (Fig.
<figureCitation id="E0A24EC3BD17DB28A855472E9D571C4F" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="F17" captionText="Figure 17. Larva of P. grandiunca. A thoracic leg B crochets C anal proleg D anal shield. Scale bars: 0.40 mm (A, C, D); 0.20 mm (B)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1165.101983.figure17" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/856668" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">17B</figureCitation>
), 9-11 on anal prolegs (Fig.
<figureCitation id="32E8A5493A7A7CC3A70ED5FC8E849BFF" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="F17" captionText="Figure 17. Larva of P. grandiunca. A thoracic leg B crochets C anal proleg D anal shield. Scale bars: 0.40 mm (A, C, D); 0.20 mm (B)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1165.101983.figure17" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/856668" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">17C</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="44A47A91BC333848FF763F39D8AA1536" doi="10.3897/zookeys.1165.101983.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/856659" pageId="0" pageNumber="61" start="Figure 8" startId="F8">
<paragraph id="9F3CBFF232BC6262F3AA9A5E51C06260" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">
<emphasis id="8CF93D932A23539B40FBE32CFFBB872D" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">Figure 8.</emphasis>
Female genitalia of
<taxonomicName id="1C7F9429860B58CBF4A7FED3C04779E4" authorityName="Rondani" authorityYear="1876" class="Insecta" family="Gelechiidae" genus="Palumbina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Palumbina" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="28C134BCB26FB8C02DCEBC42ED2A8568" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">Palumbina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
spp.
<emphasis id="1D6A7D4C5EB6F759E5CF87E645866717" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">A</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="2BFDDC31FFD4B720A7EF31095338557E" lsidName="P. pylartis" pageId="0" pageNumber="61" rank="species" species="pylartis">
<emphasis id="EAD91FDC23B8CCF6935EECF04FA29B8B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">P. pylartis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, genitalia slide no. KM-330
<emphasis id="9F3952069EB16648550A5E33EC4C062A" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">B</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="9ECCEF03014FD1CD12E81F93996A82C8" lsidName="P. acerosa" pageId="0" pageNumber="61" rank="species" species="acerosa">
<emphasis id="14F0FB5C964ED8188E8D9191954398BF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">P. acerosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, genitalia slide no. KM-381
<emphasis id="990D775BC7AE55498A70673E2C5E5ECA" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">C</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="D77009ED812BF9F9EC2D8CE2D37DBD5A" lsidName="P. grandiunca" pageId="0" pageNumber="61" rank="species" species="grandiunca">
<emphasis id="4C1DCFA2792AB486D5785CB9422C6CF6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">P. grandiunca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, genitalia slide no. SY1453
<emphasis id="26B13327D45B4EA2505EBC07C3875FEB" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">D</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="0600E160677D26B6357DF3E94B58A191" lsidName="P. operaria" pageId="0" pageNumber="61" rank="species" species="operaria">
<emphasis id="2AAF002FC6DEABFAA68F1735FDFE7E20" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">P. operaria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, genitalia slide no.
<taxonomicName id="65C8F06AAB96EE1323F19A516392C4B5" authorityName="Rondani" authorityYear="1876" class="Insecta" family="Gelechiidae" genus="Palumbina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Palumbina" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="75BCF1B28A4FFC83E1B34F0EB517FCA3" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">Palumbina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
No. 1
<emphasis id="EA326F08CEB1610E1FCDA198BE13564E" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">E</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="51DC09D551D6B64332BF4B2B0C61575E" lsidName="P. macrodelta" pageId="0" pageNumber="61" rank="species" species="macrodelta">
<emphasis id="0102F515F54081106B882575ADE877F4" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">P. macrodelta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, genitalia slide no. KM-328
<emphasis id="5E694CC1AADA2DB190EF84F1B7D1ECBD" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">F</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="59F3E9D8AF53538DCFE5A98EDFE3CC76" lsidName="P. muraseae" pageId="0" pageNumber="61" rank="species" species="muraseae">
<emphasis id="73B80BC6D8F68D479F49D92F17B96697" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">P. muraseae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov., whole genitalia, genitalia slide no. KM-348 and signum, genitalia slide no. KM-427. Scale bars: 0.50 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="B1FD5510A9639E671D747F3F8C40DEC2" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">
<emphasis id="F5565A25C22D7AD808F581C20242D503" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">Chaetotaxy</emphasis>
(Fig.
<figureCitation id="F6D16846DBDDE76063B3632FCE69FE24" captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. Chaetotaxy of P. grandiunca. A head, frontal view B ditto, lateral view C mandible D anal plate E anal fork F the prothorax, mesothorax and abdominal segments 1, 6 - 9. Scale bars: 0.10 mm (A, B, F); 0.20 mm (C, D, E)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1165.101983.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/856667" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">16</figureCitation>
).
<emphasis id="62DCABC23A0524D17F3A65921430CDD5" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">Head</emphasis>
(Fig.
<figureCitation id="0F8431190629BDAA1F49F45A75F8D8F3" captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. Chaetotaxy of P. grandiunca. A head, frontal view B ditto, lateral view C mandible D anal plate E anal fork F the prothorax, mesothorax and abdominal segments 1, 6 - 9. Scale bars: 0.10 mm (A, B, F); 0.20 mm (C, D, E)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1165.101983.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/856667" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">16A, B</figureCitation>
): epicranial suture shorter than fontoclypeus; AF1 ~
<normalizedToken id="D73D4D60AB49D8118E2F07EAF79EA15C" originalValue="½">1/2</normalizedToken>
length of AF2; C2 slightly longer than C1; P1 dorsolateral to AF1, ~ 5
<normalizedToken id="7CCD87E8DBB71D65DFB8D8911D0C899F" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
longer than P2; P2 dorsolateral to AF2 and above P1; MD1-MD3 setae forming nearly in a line at the posterior margin of head capsule, MD1 slightly anteroventral to MD2 and MD3; mouthparts semi-hypognathous; genal area with six stemmata, forming a semicircular pattern; A1 dorso-anterior to stemma-3, slightly shorter than A3; A2 dorsolateral to A1 and shorter than A1 and A3; L1 dorsoposterior to stemma-1; distance between L1 from A3 slightly longer than distance between A3 from A2; S1 below stemma-3 and short as A2; S2 longer than S1 and S3, near the opening of the stemmatal semicircle; S3 slightly shorter than S1 and ventroposterior to stemma-6; SS1 near mandibular condyle, same length as SS2; SS2 between SS1 and SS3; SS3 ~ 3
<normalizedToken id="16BDE073D56EC23EEC3519A23CCAD767" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
longer than SS1 and SS2; MGa present, close to MG1. Mandible with five teeth (Fig.
<figureCitation id="90CF997F23464D8EAB7BA3ACBABCF8CF" captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. Chaetotaxy of P. grandiunca. A head, frontal view B ditto, lateral view C mandible D anal plate E anal fork F the prothorax, mesothorax and abdominal segments 1, 6 - 9. Scale bars: 0.10 mm (A, B, F); 0.20 mm (C, D, E)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1165.101983.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/856667" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">16C</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="BD80213B1274636A3135B440BA34EB1D" doi="10.3897/zookeys.1165.101983.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/856660" pageId="0" pageNumber="61" start="Figure 9" startId="F9">
<paragraph id="9F9030AABDFAB3338D3A03DC85354A8D" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">
<emphasis id="935A07F202E0013E83DE54F6066B7FFB" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">Figure 9.</emphasis>
Resting position of adult
<taxonomicName id="38CADFE5DB5E504F904EE07A015180B0" authorityName="Rondani" authorityYear="1876" class="Insecta" family="Gelechiidae" genus="Palumbina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Palumbina" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="FA4CCF54355FEFC615510B865BB4F201" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">Palumbina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
spp.
<emphasis id="94C6D9A3E245952676EBB33EF533D9A2" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">A</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="CC271E68EB0BE89C0C182C9C30BE6242" lsidName="P. pylartis" pageId="0" pageNumber="61" rank="species" species="pylartis">
<emphasis id="BE89B579F3085834E3AAC26F6E6425F9" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">P. pylartis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, female
<emphasis id="706DA4266E9D94B2CCDC3A1176E5696B" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">B</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="A614640D3D27AB343036D6AE352D1637" lsidName="P. acerosa" pageId="0" pageNumber="61" rank="species" species="acerosa">
<emphasis id="7A9ED487415A94DD2A98BD6C14D27DC0" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">P. acerosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, female
<emphasis id="BFF79581FFE735B958BDE23CF3DD795B" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">C</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="5F82808BBE7B010779AA22340A163CF9" lsidName="P. grandiunca" pageId="0" pageNumber="61" rank="species" species="grandiunca">
<emphasis id="33E4F1B4F0511A768475E0A506BC3C1C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">P. grandiunca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, female
<emphasis id="060E8E63C39AE2619904CCE1FAA8DF3A" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">D</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="72127A983AFF30AE84A973C50F3C9EDD" lsidName="P. muraseae" pageId="0" pageNumber="61" rank="species" species="muraseae">
<emphasis id="DBCC372650D81735DF42221DB2DF96FC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">P. muraseae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov., male.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="EED144C849B6D7D3C2C9DBDACD4AC751" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">
<emphasis id="D59FEB483AD5F4DA6241ED7092FBE262" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">Thorax</emphasis>
(Fig.
<figureCitation id="8F0F57A91B56140D6A2EA6F8D37CD46D" captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. Chaetotaxy of P. grandiunca. A head, frontal view B ditto, lateral view C mandible D anal plate E anal fork F the prothorax, mesothorax and abdominal segments 1, 6 - 9. Scale bars: 0.10 mm (A, B, F); 0.20 mm (C, D, E)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1165.101983.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/856667" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">16F</figureCitation>
): Prothorax: Shield with SD1 ventrolateral to XD1 and XD2, all three along anterior margin; XD2 equal distance from XD1 and SD1; XD1 ~ 2
<normalizedToken id="2EE278E4527A53F8A7B00F7F787BF2BC" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
longer than XD2; SD2 and D1 ca. equal in length, both setae less than ~
<normalizedToken id="45D89054A4E9E25FD8511CEBE12D700D" originalValue="2½-3×">21/2-3x</normalizedToken>
length of SD1 and D2; SD2 less than
<normalizedToken id="87D6D9BDD0D16DEA38EEB53FFE0932BA" originalValue="1½">11/2</normalizedToken>
distance from XD2 than from SD1; L-group tri-setose on the same pinaculum, anteroventral to spiracle; L1 longest; L2 and L3 short, ca. equal in length; SV-group bi-setose on the same pinaculum; SV1 ~ 2-
<normalizedToken id="0614726AA60FFC129F1A80EECD8F7A1E" originalValue="2½">21/2</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="D0AD0A1703FB9BDD0DD11D008DC66AD2" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
longer than SV2; MV1 absent; MV2 approximate to anterolateral coxal margin; V1 near to mesoposterior coxal margin. Mesothorax and metathorax (Fig.
<figureCitation id="223B1CF5A1DF12BBE2DEEE7E469EEEB4" captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. Chaetotaxy of P. grandiunca. A head, frontal view B ditto, lateral view C mandible D anal plate E anal fork F the prothorax, mesothorax and abdominal segments 1, 6 - 9. Scale bars: 0.10 mm (A, B, F); 0.20 mm (C, D, E)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1165.101983.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/856667" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">16F</figureCitation>
): D1 and D2 on the same pinaculum; SD1 and SD2 on the same pinaculum; all arranged in a vertical line; D2 ~
<normalizedToken id="1939462EB79D0DF8EDFB898502006327" originalValue="3½">31/2</normalizedToken>
-4 length of D1; SD1 ~
<normalizedToken id="9A8F888B331614FEBE712E065F0F8F09" originalValue="3½-4×">31/2-4x</normalizedToken>
length of SD2; MD1 anteroventral to D2; MSD1 in a line with MSD2, anterior to SD2; MSD2 anterodorsal to SD1; L-group tri-setose; L1 and L2 on the same pinaculum, L1 ~
<normalizedToken id="DE5909A1B34DABBA6D4656828119BCD0" originalValue="2½-3×">21/2-3x</normalizedToken>
length of L2, slightly anterior to D- and SD-group pinaculum; L3 slightly longer than L2, in a vertical line with SV1; MV1, MV2, and MV3 anterior to coxa; MV2 approximate to anterolateral coxal margin, MV3 slightly above V1.
</paragraph>
<caption id="C4D2CF4793151688AAE28045F7F07AE7" doi="10.3897/zookeys.1165.101983.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/856661" pageId="0" pageNumber="61" start="Figure 10" startId="F10">
<paragraph id="2B09A29FF018D2D7FEAFD2C7D6C91BCB" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">
<emphasis id="282C7AF3AE81DFAED024E6508B9F8971" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">Figure 10.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="794339105A9866F3154285802E460EFF" baseAuthorityName="Meyrick" baseAuthorityYear="1908" class="Insecta" family="Gelechiidae" genus="Palumbina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Palumbina pylartis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pylartis">
<emphasis id="A46378EA36A7DFC2A7FFCDDEF3F891FC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">Palumbina pylartis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and its host plant in Fukuoka Pref.
<emphasis id="454476A5FD30BDD3BE9D883B77AA50CF" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">A</emphasis>
host plant:
<taxonomicName id="27BCB6CB1D9E254D094903176AB3D958" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Castanopsis" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Castanopsis sieboldii" order="Fagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="61" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sieboldii">
<emphasis id="9A42FE9AC12B929F3867A6B2D488BB2D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">Castanopsis sieboldii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="A5361E10342DD9CC6CFBE4BBD4C0F3C8" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Fagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="61" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Fagaceae</taxonomicName>
)
<emphasis id="6EF4D0F4C88D6D192B1E9A91785A1CD2" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">B</emphasis>
infected leaf
<emphasis id="5FF01C6E9D97F9C3192EB817DCC93130" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">C</emphasis>
small hole at the base of the midrib of leaf (Upper surface)
<emphasis id="59B72D6B79037540D69E0631EBD9FE7E" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">D</emphasis>
leaf tip cut by larva
<emphasis id="F221F3DA38E0C8672BC67220712B8DA6" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">E</emphasis>
larva protruding from its leaf shelter
<emphasis id="7925A39D5D03666E536DAB239720BE38" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">F</emphasis>
leaf cut by larva
<emphasis id="D458459DA40A96C9A25BD737F3610AB2" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">G</emphasis>
newly leaf case made by larva
<emphasis id="0BFAAB08DE9F99F3F502B1C4E31EB635" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">H, I</emphasis>
dried leaf case on upper and lower leaf surface
<emphasis id="CAB17102AA790963C5981D193EA52F8D" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">J</emphasis>
pupa in a cocoon
<emphasis id="45808257B4EAC45C052EA2DDFE423AD2" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">K</emphasis>
pupa
<emphasis id="7D9AEBE99AED945FD29AFAE90470A01E" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">L</emphasis>
pupal exuvia left by an emerged adult.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="91FFE7FD7AFF756AF23F732DE3D6B304" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">
<emphasis id="E32CBB95D34117547A12FE8E21A403D6" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">Abdomen</emphasis>
(Fig.
<figureCitation id="E904FDB0EA40265DA421418AD01A9B1E" captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. Chaetotaxy of P. grandiunca. A head, frontal view B ditto, lateral view C mandible D anal plate E anal fork F the prothorax, mesothorax and abdominal segments 1, 6 - 9. Scale bars: 0.10 mm (A, B, F); 0.20 mm (C, D, E)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1165.101983.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/856667" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">16F</figureCitation>
). A1 and A2 (not indicated) with D1 dorso-anterior to D2; D2 ~
<normalizedToken id="9D76A513471C8091346D2E8B905C69B1" originalValue="3½-4×">31/2-4x</normalizedToken>
longer than D1; MD1 slightly ventral to D1 and D2; SD1 above spiracle, ca. equal in length with D2; SD2 minute, anteroventral to SD1 and on different pinaculum; SD2 minute, anteroventral to SD1; L-group tri-setose; L1 and L2 on same pinaculum below spiracle, ventroposterior to SD group; L1 ~
<normalizedToken id="645BCEED917F1E5C440A8B6EC49A59CD" originalValue="3½-4×">31/2-4x</normalizedToken>
longer than L2 and L3; L3 slightly longer than L2; SV-group on same pinaculum, bi-setose on A1 and tri-setose pinaculum on A2; SV1 ~
<normalizedToken id="D8DBE72D0E851C55BD06499A88F4D510" originalValue="2½-3×">21/2-3x</normalizedToken>
longer than SV2 on A1; MV3 dorso-anterior to V1. A3-A6 as in A2, except D2 dorsoposterior to D1; each segment bearing a pair of protuberant prolegs; planta bearing uni-ordinal, uniserial crochets in a circle (Fig.
<figureCitation id="B1CADF5C51B25F0F82287D1743EDF72D" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="F17" captionText="Figure 17. Larva of P. grandiunca. A thoracic leg B crochets C anal proleg D anal shield. Scale bars: 0.40 mm (A, C, D); 0.20 mm (B)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1165.101983.figure17" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/856668" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">17B</figureCitation>
). A7 as in A2 or A6 except with SV-group bi-setose and V1 ventral to SV pinaculum. A8 as A7 except SD1 in vertical line with D2; minute SD2 anteroventral and below spiracle; SD1 pinaculum slightly anterior to spiracle; spiracle dorsal to all spiracles on A1-A7; L1 ~
<normalizedToken id="7B128844190E87EE7EAF9CAFDC71CF6A" originalValue="3½-4×">31/2-4x</normalizedToken>
length of L2 and below spiracle; L2 and L3 on separate pinaculum; L2 anteroventral to L1 and in vertical line with D2 and SD1; L3 ventral to L2 and in vertical line with L2; SV and V group uni-setose. A9 as above except with D1 ventral to D2 and on same pinaculum; D2 ~ 2
<normalizedToken id="7F677CB0ED8B7CB3127D74D16D81D80B" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
longer than D1; MD1 slightly anteroventral to D2; hair-like SD1 present; L-group bi-setose on same pinaculum, L1 ~
<normalizedToken id="6BCBBEED6C4C8784915007379921A8A6" originalValue="3½-4×">31/2-4x</normalizedToken>
longer than L2.
</paragraph>
<caption id="10E2E7E780D50C6330B2272373C29922" doi="10.3897/zookeys.1165.101983.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/856662" pageId="0" pageNumber="61" start="Figure 11" startId="F11">
<paragraph id="879CF67E48ACFD7A320642489592505B" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">
<emphasis id="A833594E425B5B4EB682E6DB11085188" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">Figure 11.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="862DC00E0087C0305E0CEE30076E7F60" authorityName="Lee &amp; Li" authorityYear="2018" class="Insecta" family="Gelechiidae" genus="Palumbina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Palumbina acerosa" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acerosa">
<emphasis id="908E7A82E356BE8BD297A8094B92A116" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">Palumbina acerosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
feeding on host plant
<taxonomicName id="33A6827F97BEC98E9016717686AD7BD0" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Quercus glauca" order="Fagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="61" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="glauca">
<emphasis id="A2E1C25BA61F27210CC42E4E73D82244" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">Quercus glauca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="9DF17DB3E7542807E792A4E29E5B7B54" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Fagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="61" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Fagaceae</taxonomicName>
) in Amamioshima Is.
<emphasis id="F8ECC7D363CC24E8918371B98976A5D7" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">A</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="66D844823E77DCC97C7546B766B689AF" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">B</emphasis>
larval leaf cases.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="E9B4BC7A95D551C1CAE8B15BC5E0FCF9" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">
<emphasis id="110B54D302F9B3C9651EAF406BBF382C" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">Pupa</emphasis>
(Figs
<figureCitation id="D4BB23F02C9D8688D59A350EA45706ED" captionStart="Figure 20" captionStartId="F20" captionText="Figure 20. Female pupa of P. grandiunca. A dorsal view B ventral view C lateral view. A Arrow on A 7 indicates a transverse row of tergal spinules anteriorly, and the arrow on A 10 indicates short spinules. B the arrow on A 7 indicates an oval pad with a row of spinules. C the arrow on the vertex indicates many minute spines, and arrows on A 5 and A 6 indicate a transverse row of dot-like spinules. Scale bars: 1.0 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1165.101983.figure20" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/856671" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">20</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="5A55F74DA024D75AB3C0B0E8AFEB693F" captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="F21" captionText="Figure 21. Female pupa of P. grandiunca. A ventral view B lateral view C dorsal view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1165.101983.figure21" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/856672" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">21</figureCitation>
).
<emphasis id="1416D011759BF07B03FDFCD2A7F90DEF" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">Female.</emphasis>
Length 3.9-4.2 mm (
<emphasis id="8180BFAA4F30DCD2E6DA7507B2BE9531" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">n</emphasis>
= 3). Cylindrical, color yellowishbrown; dark brown before emergence. Head semi-globular. Vertex with many minute spines. Prothorax with a pair of triangular projections on dorsolateral corners of tergite (Fig.
<figureCitation id="EE24ECFE12E860D7088AB956CE38AFB4" captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="F21" captionText="Figure 21. Female pupa of P. grandiunca. A ventral view B lateral view C dorsal view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1165.101983.figure21" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/856672" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">21A</figureCitation>
). Antennae reaching near the posterior margin of A5. Forewing reaching near the anterior margin of A6. Maxilla (galea) basally broad, gradually narrowing and extending to A4. Prothoracic legs extending to A2; mesothoracic legs reaching A4; metathoracic legs extending to the posterior margin of A7. A5-A10 movable. A5 and A6 with a transverse row of dot-like spinules on the anterior margin (Fig.
<figureCitation id="E74251FD1391468422B59C03F5C3BB96" captionStart="Figure 20" captionStartId="F20" captionText="Figure 20. Female pupa of P. grandiunca. A dorsal view B ventral view C lateral view. A Arrow on A 7 indicates a transverse row of tergal spinules anteriorly, and the arrow on A 10 indicates short spinules. B the arrow on A 7 indicates an oval pad with a row of spinules. C the arrow on the vertex indicates many minute spines, and arrows on A 5 and A 6 indicate a transverse row of dot-like spinules. Scale bars: 1.0 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1165.101983.figure20" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/856671" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">20C</figureCitation>
). A7 with a transverse row of tergal spinules directed posteriorly at the anterior margin (Fig.
<figureCitation id="C53430943C3BFB638AAAE3CFE7A475FB" captionStart="Figure 20" captionStartId="F20" captionText="Figure 20. Female pupa of P. grandiunca. A dorsal view B ventral view C lateral view. A Arrow on A 7 indicates a transverse row of tergal spinules anteriorly, and the arrow on A 10 indicates short spinules. B the arrow on A 7 indicates an oval pad with a row of spinules. C the arrow on the vertex indicates many minute spines, and arrows on A 5 and A 6 indicate a transverse row of dot-like spinules. Scale bars: 1.0 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1165.101983.figure20" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/856671" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">20A</figureCitation>
). Sternite A7 with a pair of oval pads armed with a row of spinules directed anteriorly (Fig.
<figureCitation id="91CF555C37A88911363AD2075A37B545" captionStart="Figure 20" captionStartId="F20" captionText="Figure 20. Female pupa of P. grandiunca. A dorsal view B ventral view C lateral view. A Arrow on A 7 indicates a transverse row of tergal spinules anteriorly, and the arrow on A 10 indicates short spinules. B the arrow on A 7 indicates an oval pad with a row of spinules. C the arrow on the vertex indicates many minute spines, and arrows on A 5 and A 6 indicate a transverse row of dot-like spinules. Scale bars: 1.0 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1165.101983.figure20" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/856671" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">20B</figureCitation>
). A10 delineated with a row of short spinules at the outer margin posteriorly (Fig.
<figureCitation id="C93BFD817B8FE1D4D9CDD0D6029DE522" captionStart="Figure 20" captionStartId="F20" captionText="Figure 20. Female pupa of P. grandiunca. A dorsal view B ventral view C lateral view. A Arrow on A 7 indicates a transverse row of tergal spinules anteriorly, and the arrow on A 10 indicates short spinules. B the arrow on A 7 indicates an oval pad with a row of spinules. C the arrow on the vertex indicates many minute spines, and arrows on A 5 and A 6 indicate a transverse row of dot-like spinules. Scale bars: 1.0 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1165.101983.figure20" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/856671" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">20A</figureCitation>
), apically with three pairs of hooked setae on ventral surfaces of A9 and A10, without true cremaster.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="EEE59CB39596541AC291493669032AE2" pageId="0" pageNumber="61" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="B485CF231665B900D7C3632F28EFADE2" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7D667ADCFD359B38BE785E4EE62D7CF4" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">Japan (Honshu, Ryukyus) and China.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="5C6A830794B324E773604382F148EF0B" pageId="0" pageNumber="61" type="host">
<paragraph id="476F76D648321C56CE6DECBE50A12A98" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">Host plant.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1F10552C166C98914C60C213A59AB464" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">
<taxonomicName id="7724A3F168B616BD598EC762FF5E1F98" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Anacardiaceae" genus="Toxicodendron" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Toxicodendron succedaneum" order="Sapindales" pageId="0" pageNumber="61" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="succedaneum">
<emphasis id="55F7D546ED5160502A9117302F6383C8" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">Toxicodendron succedaneum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(L.) Kuntze (
<taxonomicName id="6EE97569E7E2CF4FD5DA796E43427389" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Anacardiaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Sapindales" pageId="0" pageNumber="61" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Anacardiaceae</taxonomicName>
) (Fig.
<figureCitation id="2F415689717A3D4C8144EA00F511E8C5" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Palumbina grandiunca and its host plant. A host plant: Toxicodendron succedaneum (Anacardiaceae) B infected young petiole C initial small hole on young petiole D small holes after the larva leave from the petiole E larva feces inside the infected petiole F leaf cut by larva G larval case attached to leaf surface H leaf cases I larva inside its leaf case J young pupa K pupa L pupal exuvia left by an emerged adult." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1165.101983.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/856663" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">12A</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="41F24DAE437AD1321CDDD4ADEF5466FE" pageId="0" pageNumber="61" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="69CD9051EDFA9DB2ED8FF862DCB68C74" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">Biology.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6D584B57492D59C1D66B3ECFAF1A00E5" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">
(Fig.
<figureCitation id="BB07CD948E38E169255C35784A381803" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Palumbina grandiunca and its host plant. A host plant: Toxicodendron succedaneum (Anacardiaceae) B infected young petiole C initial small hole on young petiole D small holes after the larva leave from the petiole E larva feces inside the infected petiole F leaf cut by larva G larval case attached to leaf surface H leaf cases I larva inside its leaf case J young pupa K pupa L pupal exuvia left by an emerged adult." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1165.101983.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/856663" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">12A-L</figureCitation>
). First, the larva mines the petiole of its host plant and later makes a portable leaf case after leaving its mine. At the early instar stage, the larva first made a small hole to enter the petiole (Fig.
<figureCitation id="45EADC26B1D35E75543AD927F40D7145" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Palumbina grandiunca and its host plant. A host plant: Toxicodendron succedaneum (Anacardiaceae) B infected young petiole C initial small hole on young petiole D small holes after the larva leave from the petiole E larva feces inside the infected petiole F leaf cut by larva G larval case attached to leaf surface H leaf cases I larva inside its leaf case J young pupa K pupa L pupal exuvia left by an emerged adult." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1165.101983.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/856663" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">12B-D</figureCitation>
). After that, it started to mine, and larval feces were deposited inside the mine (Fig.
<figureCitation id="63CD44D03996A91AC3695228F616CE74" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Palumbina grandiunca and its host plant. A host plant: Toxicodendron succedaneum (Anacardiaceae) B infected young petiole C initial small hole on young petiole D small holes after the larva leave from the petiole E larva feces inside the infected petiole F leaf cut by larva G larval case attached to leaf surface H leaf cases I larva inside its leaf case J young pupa K pupa L pupal exuvia left by an emerged adult." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1165.101983.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/856663" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">12E</figureCitation>
). After the larva gradually grows and develops into the late instar, it leaves from its mine (Fig.
<figureCitation id="4F2644D0A0B9033C85AAD699CE2B92FC" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Palumbina grandiunca and its host plant. A host plant: Toxicodendron succedaneum (Anacardiaceae) B infected young petiole C initial small hole on young petiole D small holes after the larva leave from the petiole E larva feces inside the infected petiole F leaf cut by larva G larval case attached to leaf surface H leaf cases I larva inside its leaf case J young pupa K pupa L pupal exuvia left by an emerged adult." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1165.101983.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/856663" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">12D</figureCitation>
) and then cuts the leaf into small irregularly shaped pieces (Fig.
<figureCitation id="0B91E21277374A24F4D6A315882AABAD" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Palumbina grandiunca and its host plant. A host plant: Toxicodendron succedaneum (Anacardiaceae) B infected young petiole C initial small hole on young petiole D small holes after the larva leave from the petiole E larva feces inside the infected petiole F leaf cut by larva G larval case attached to leaf surface H leaf cases I larva inside its leaf case J young pupa K pupa L pupal exuvia left by an emerged adult." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1165.101983.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/856663" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">12F</figureCitation>
). Later, many small leaf pieces were aggregated and stacked into a compact and circular leaf case. The larvae live and feed inside the case and can move from one place to another by carrying it (Fig.
<figureCitation id="CFC183AB04AE9BC42FB7DD7F1BBF537D" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Palumbina grandiunca and its host plant. A host plant: Toxicodendron succedaneum (Anacardiaceae) B infected young petiole C initial small hole on young petiole D small holes after the larva leave from the petiole E larva feces inside the infected petiole F leaf cut by larva G larval case attached to leaf surface H leaf cases I larva inside its leaf case J young pupa K pupa L pupal exuvia left by an emerged adult." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1165.101983.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/856663" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">12G, H</figureCitation>
); pupation also occurs inside it (Fig.
<figureCitation id="C41FEE095E6635E2D12C40C8F402475E" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Palumbina grandiunca and its host plant. A host plant: Toxicodendron succedaneum (Anacardiaceae) B infected young petiole C initial small hole on young petiole D small holes after the larva leave from the petiole E larva feces inside the infected petiole F leaf cut by larva G larval case attached to leaf surface H leaf cases I larva inside its leaf case J young pupa K pupa L pupal exuvia left by an emerged adult." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1165.101983.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/856663" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">12J</figureCitation>
). The adult emerges by leaving the pupal exuvia inside the case (Fig.
<figureCitation id="D988463F8E5506C72945A3E718C0805C" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Palumbina grandiunca and its host plant. A host plant: Toxicodendron succedaneum (Anacardiaceae) B infected young petiole C initial small hole on young petiole D small holes after the larva leave from the petiole E larva feces inside the infected petiole F leaf cut by larva G larval case attached to leaf surface H leaf cases I larva inside its leaf case J young pupa K pupa L pupal exuvia left by an emerged adult." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1165.101983.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/856663" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">12K</figureCitation>
). The resting posture of the adult was similar to that of the stathmopodid species, keeping its hindlegs upwards (Fig.
<figureCitation id="B7D8E7549F1500430123C954CB907875" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Resting position of adult Palumbina spp. A P. pylartis, female B P. acerosa, female C P. grandiunca, female D P. muraseae sp. nov., male." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1165.101983.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/856660" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">9C</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="483EA38B1F17BF317AA567D4CD1E53F1" pageId="0" pageNumber="61" type="remarks">
<paragraph id="2B7A82FCF38A82BDED390861E946062C" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="808A2FFC21C3C01EB96C2867DAE9AE0D" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">
This species has already been recorded as
<taxonomicName id="F7E0401C7DC7989E3985C5036D6025C5" authorityName="Rondani" authorityYear="1876" class="Insecta" family="Gelechiidae" genus="Palumbina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Palumbina" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="BC6A092A8C26D88DECFB0ABD1292F3AA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="61">Palumbina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. 1 (
<bibRefCitation id="CE6F6EF016124C5EEC8B675E49E5614D" DOI="https://doi.org/10.18984/lepid.69.1_19" author="Oku, J" journalOrPublisher="Lepidoptera Science" pageId="0" pageNumber="61" pagination="19 - 32" refId="B32" refString="Oku, J, Sakamaki, Y, Samehima, S, Tsuda, K, Terada, T, 2018. Records of Gelechioid moths from Amami-Ōshima Island. Lepidoptera Science 69 (1): 19 - 32, DOI: https://doi.org/10.18984/lepid.69.1_19" title="Records of Gelechioid moths from Amami-Ōshima Island." url="https://doi.org/10.18984/lepid.69.1_19" volume="69" year="2018">Oku et al. 2018</bibRefCitation>
) on Amamioshima Island in Japan.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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