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<document id="E71FADBF89BE77200C5BFE711CC0D4F0" ID-CLB-Dataset="22147" ID-DOI="10.1093/isd/ixaa006" ID-GBIF-Dataset="6c2ad151-a6e0-4c1b-be84-d1950abe22dd" ID-ISSN="2399-3421" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3826921" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1589464781686" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Smith-Pardo, Allan H., Carpenter, James M. &amp; Kimsey, Lynn" docDate="2020" docId="514381547E50FF96FCBD10D53DC3F96C" docLanguage="en" docName="InsectSystDivers.4.3.2.1-27.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Insect Systematics and Diversity 4 (3), No. 2" docStyle="DocumentStyle:20C34595BA01015AC07A3B955E96DF74.8:InsectSystDivers.2017-.journal_article" docStyleId="20C34595BA01015AC07A3B955E96DF74" docStyleName="InsectSystDivers.2017-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="8" docTitle="Vespa luctuosa de Saussure 1854" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="16" masterDocId="AD7AF92C7E5EFF99FF8F16743F73FFC9" masterDocTitle="The Diversity of Hornets in the Genus Vespa (Hymenoptera: Vespidae; Vespinae), Their Importance and Interceptions in the United States" masterLastPageNumber="27" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="15" updateTime="1698839653073" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
<mods:mods id="E3C8B4406CF3B01935BC954FC2365F7F" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="ACB0DC5AD19193BF6F163BFEC5B84D8E">
<mods:title id="2D9A99C3D2E9102D0E9E89B4A3940DC6">The Diversity of Hornets in the Genus Vespa (Hymenoptera: Vespidae; Vespinae), Their Importance and Interceptions in the United States</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="3363753A2B786D1AE8E6793BB6F9C3DE" type="personal">
<mods:role id="B700982A67E0C2B28955D1513E79843F">
<mods:roleTerm id="D015FF10818A4B6C37EB46A9F813F2F5">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="11E9257550793CFFA2DB457D10D15223">Smith-Pardo, Allan H.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="D6F2C68406E476DB97AB5CE3DB3C9287">USDA-APHIS-PPQ, Science and Technology (S &amp; T), Sacramento, CA,</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="A82EDD98D48BFEC734DD9A581F3906C5" type="email">allan.h.smith-pardo@usda.gov</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="7F006A57E2EAF67C6253C036DD12F084" type="personal">
<mods:role id="19629C1916BE6F6F2BED25FF0CBB3C9D">
<mods:roleTerm id="F97AF0C966774427CF163DBD399469D6">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="F2FF83762094E8B7E9432DD1DA40C3FA">Carpenter, James M.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="59FE3F3F3001F6463A95AB04EB4AD344">Department of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY,</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="FFD9EB5347EB0FD2DD1942ADA2B21E5C" type="personal">
<mods:role id="2C980D31E3B4A074A667912F09A3237D">
<mods:roleTerm id="ABF26E6532ECDDE3A6927540E8D8BB69">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="D696AB5C5C7E6C095CA92CA2BB89EF45">Kimsey, Lynn</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="399C9126FF76F8D2463E6B4C4BDCA88E">Bohart Museum of Entomology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, and</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="1F3438317B11298DE4ADEA2C332688BE">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="7D241A96F7DADC07B5B5CABF67DFD2E5">
<mods:title id="528E760757C29CCE4A8C51286565C5E5">Insect Systematics and Diversity</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="05D9DBDBDCE7FF3654C2569F83811A25">
<mods:date id="66D73CF5ECC5AADC25FBF7CD430C2B57">2020</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="1BB8B9FE8CC509ADCA82091F37A78313" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="E24237EF8CCB8440FC41314593D75D1A">2020-05-31</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="380F8B307B55EBCD9E415DDE704AE050" type="volume">
<mods:number id="2034B98CB225E77442BE85BEE1C75A29">4</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="6DEACB9BFD8C8CB0C2FCE88A1892008C" type="issue">
<mods:number id="9514666ABBCBA51DDD607F9293557C6F">3</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="68BE454198E7C7A53F2FE3B2BAE5A6DF">2</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="CA432FAFBFE91337056C1316F4F36E34">1</mods:start>
<mods:end id="AF5F407F7DEDCB04649116ECA8ABF944">27</mods:end>
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<mods:classification id="FA005CD535F7BF23DA48DE2369F62D4F">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="E15F6465C77BA4EFD6181F6875856FFA" type="CLB-Dataset">22147</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="470AFEACABE2899FAC25532948F43643" type="DOI">10.1093/isd/ixaa006</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="C0A9DD106283B3116732F688B53CDA6A" type="GBIF-Dataset">6c2ad151-a6e0-4c1b-be84-d1950abe22dd</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="7CEC2B2AF58A86F4867950D14FC890FA" type="ISSN">2399-3421</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="6A3238E1B111EB3F9D79AE0983F7FBD2" type="Zenodo-Dep">3826921</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="514381547E50FF96FCBD10D53DC3F96C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3847032" ID-GBIF-Taxon="164133881" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3847032" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:514381547E50FF96FCBD10D53DC3F96C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/514381547E50FF96FCBD10D53DC3F96C" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="16" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<subSubSection id="91F063C97E50FF97FCBD10D53B1DF971" box="[818,1134,1697,1720]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="D95530427E50FF97FCBD10D53B1DF971" blockId="14.[818,1134,1697,1751]" box="[818,1134,1697,1720]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<heading id="821D872E7E50FF97FCBD10D53B1DF971" box="[818,1134,1697,1720]" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" reason="4">
<taxonomicName id="1EEA4BC17E50FF97FCBD10D53B1DF971" ID-CoL="5B9WC" authority="de Saussure" authorityName="de Saussure" authorityYear="1854" box="[818,1134,1697,1720]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Vespa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="luctuosa">
<emphasis id="EB9EEC507E50FF97FCBD10D53CAFF971" box="[818,988,1697,1720]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Vespa luctuosa</emphasis>
de Saussure
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="91F063C97E50FF97FCBD10B03B43F91E" box="[818,1072,1732,1751]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="description">
<paragraph id="D95530427E50FF97FCBD10B03B43F91E" blockId="14.[818,1134,1697,1751]" box="[818,1072,1732,1751]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<figureCitation id="41D12CC77E50FF97FCBD10B03CE6F91E" box="[818,917,1732,1751]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="2.[146,181,1617,1634]" captionTargetBox="[153,1435,148,1581]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[152,1435,147,1582]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figs. 1–4. Vespa morphology. Fig. 1 (a) Hindwing. (b) Forewing apex.(c) Lateral view of pronotal lobe.(e) Hindtarsal claws.(f)Thoracic dorsum. (g) Lateral view of metasomal segment 1. Fig. 2. (a) Lateral view of pronotal lobe. (b) Dorsal view of vertex, i =distance from hind ocellus to posterior head margin, ii=distance between lateral ocellus and eye. (c) Lateral view of metasomal segment 1. (d) Costal margin of forewing apex.(e) Dorsal view of vertex.(c) Front view of clypeus and mandibles. Fig. 3.(a, b) Lateral view of head. (c, d) Lateral view of metasoma.(3a, 3c)V.soror. Fig. 4. (a, b) Lateral view of metasomal tergum 2. (c, d) Lateral view of pronotal carina. (e, f) Front view of clypeus. Figs. 1a-g, 2a, 2b, 3b, 3d, V. crabro. Fig. 2c, V. binghami. Figs. 2d, 2e, V. analis. Fig. 2f, V. bicolor. Figs. 4a, 4e, V. fervida. Fig. 4b, V. multimaculata. Figs. 4c, 4f, V. luctuosa. Fig. 4d, V. affinis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3826923" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3826923/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Figs. 4c, 4f</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="41D12CC77E50FF97FC2E10B03CCAF91E" box="[929,953,1732,1751]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="4.[146,181,1462,1479]" captionTargetBox="[153,1435,149,1426]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[152,1435,147,1427]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figs. 5–8. Vespa morphology.Fig. 5.Lateral view of metasomal tergum 2.Fig.6. (a,b) Lateral view of pretegular pronotal carina.(c, d) Front view of clypeus.Fig. 7. (a, b) Front view of clypeus. (c, d). Dorsal view of vertex. Fig. 8. (a, c) Lateral view of metasoma. (b, d, e) Dorsal view of metasoma. Fig. 5a, V. fervida. Fig. 5b, V. luctuosa. Figs. 6a, 6c, 7a, 8a, 8c, V. philippinensis. Figs. 6b, 6d, V. velutina. Figs. 7b, 7e, 7f V. tropica. Figs.7c, 7d, 8d, V. ducalis. Fig. 8b, V. bicolor." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3826925" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3826925/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">5b</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="41D12CC77E50FF97FC4B10B03C96F91E" box="[964,997,1732,1751]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="5.[146,181,1785,1802]" captionTargetBox="[187,1402,148,1736]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[186,1402,147,1750]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figs. 9–12. Vespa morphology. (a, b) Dorsal view of metasoma. (c, d) Dorsal view of basal metasomal terga. Fig. 10. (a, b) Dorsal view of scutum. (c, d) Dorsal view of metasoma. Fig. 11. (a, b) Lateral view of head. (c, d) Dorsal view of metasoma. Fig. 12. (a, b) Front view of clypeus.(c-f) Dorsal view of metanotum. Figs. 9a, 9b,V. orientalis. Figs. 9c, 10b, d, V. affinis. Fig. 9d, V. crabro. Figs. 10a, 10c, 11b, 11c, V. mocsaryana. Fig. 11a, V. fumida. Fig. 11d. V. dybowskii. Figs. 12a, 12f, V. multimaculata. Figs. 12b, d, e, V. bicolor. Fig. 12c, V. luctuosa." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3826927" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3826927/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">12c</figureCitation>
, and
<figureCitation id="41D12CC77E50FF97FB9710B03B43F91E" box="[1048,1072,1732,1751]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="15.[146,181,1392,1409]" captionTargetBox="[149,1429,148,1378]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[146,1429,147,1379]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figs. 31 and 32. Vespa color forms, (a) Lateral view. (b) Dorsal view. (c) Front view of face.Fig. 31. Vespa fumida. Fig. 32. V. luctuosa." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3826951" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3826951/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">32</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="91F063C97E50FF96FCBD10813EBDF9C1" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="16" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="D95530427E50FF97FCBD10813B77F8ED" blockId="14.[818,1443,1780,1975]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="F9FA176C7E50FF97FCBD10813B77F8ED" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<treatmentCitation id="584B16537E50FF97FCBD10813BEEF8CE" box="[818,1181,1780,1799]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<taxonomicName id="1EEA4BC17E50FF97FCBD10813BEEF8CE" ID-CoL="5B9WC" authority="de Saussure, 1854: 143" authorityName="de Saussure" authorityPageNumber="143" authorityYear="1854" box="[818,1181,1780,1799]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Vespa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="luctuosa">
<emphasis id="EB9EEC507E50FF97FCBD10813CCFF8CE" box="[818,956,1780,1799]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Vespa luctuosa</emphasis>
de Saussure, 1854: 143
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
.
<typeStatus id="06518EE07E50FF97FB2810803B8DF8CE" box="[1191,1278,1780,1799]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
male;
<collectingCountry id="A1FD70D27E50FF97FAB210803AD1F8CE" box="[1341,1442,1780,1799]" name="Philippines" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Philippines</collectingCountry>
(LONDON-NHM).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D95530427E50FF97FCBD115B3BE3F8B5" blockId="14.[818,1443,1780,1975]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="F9FA176C7E50FF97FCBD115B3BE3F8B5" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<treatmentCitation id="584B16537E50FF97FCBD115B3A32F888" box="[818,1345,1838,1858]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<taxonomicName id="1EEA4BC17E50FF97FCBD115B3A67F88B" authority="du Buysson, 1905" authorityName="du Buysson" authorityYear="1905" box="[818,1300,1838,1858]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Vespa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="bellicosa" variety="semperi">
<emphasis id="EB9EEC507E50FF97FCBD115B3CC8F88B" box="[818,955,1839,1858]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Vespa bellicosa</emphasis>
var.
<emphasis id="EB9EEC507E50FF97FC6B115B3B58F888" box="[996,1067,1839,1857]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">semperi</emphasis>
du Buysson, 1905 (1904)
</taxonomicName>
: 542
</treatmentCitation>
.
<typeStatus id="06518EE07E50FF97FAC7115B3AD1F88B" box="[1352,1442,1839,1858]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
female (designated by
<collectorName id="741F55947E50FF97FBA511383BC5F896" box="[1066,1206,1868,1887]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">van der Vecht</collectorName>
, 1957: 48).
<collectingCountry id="A1FD70D27E50FF97FAB811383AECF896" box="[1335,1439,1868,1887]" name="Philippines" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Philippines</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingRegion id="1B2EFEA07E50FF97FCC5111D3CD7F8B5" box="[842,932,1897,1916]" country="Philippines" name="Camiguin" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Camiguin</collectingRegion>
Is., ‘Comigu’ (VIENNA).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D95530427E50FF97FCBD11F33B2CF87E" blockId="14.[818,1443,1780,1975]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="F9FA176C7E50FF97FCBD11F33B2CF87E" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<treatmentCitation id="584B16537E50FF97FCBD11F33B84F850" box="[818,1271,1926,1946]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<taxonomicName id="1EEA4BC17E50FF97FCBD11F33B84F850" ID-CoL="5LR6J" authority="Bequaert, 1934: 5" authorityName="Bequaert" authorityPageNumber="5" authorityYear="1934" box="[818,1271,1926,1946]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Vespa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="luctuosa" variety="luzonensis">
<emphasis id="EB9EEC507E50FF97FCBD11F33CCFF853" box="[818,956,1927,1946]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Vespa luctuosa</emphasis>
var.
<emphasis id="EB9EEC507E50FF97FC6511F33B3AF853" box="[1002,1097,1927,1946]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">luzonensis</emphasis>
Bequaert, 1934: 5
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
.
<typeStatus id="06518EE07E50FF97FA8D11F33A2AF853" box="[1282,1369,1927,1946]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
female;
<collectingCountry id="A1FD70D27E50FF97FCC511D03CC1F87E" box="[842,946,1956,1975]" name="Philippines" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Philippines</collectingCountry>
:
<location id="DC3566997E50FF97FC3511D03C87F87E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:514381547E50FF96FCBD10D53DC3F96C:DC3566997E50FF97FC3511D03C87F87E" box="[954,1012,1956,1975]" country="Philippines" name="Luzon" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Luzon</location>
(BERLIN).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<caption id="8D9560CA7E51FF96FF1D13043BB8FA48" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3826951" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3826951" box="[146,1227,1392,1409]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3826951/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" startId="15.[146,181,1392,1409]" targetBox="[149,1429,148,1378]" targetPageId="15">
<paragraph id="D95530427E51FF96FF1D13043BB8FA48" blockId="15.[146,1227,1392,1409]" box="[146,1227,1392,1409]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="EB9EEC507E51FF96FF1D13043E62FA48" bold="true" box="[146,273,1392,1409]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Figs. 31 and 32.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="1EEA4BC17E51FF96FE9613043E39FA48" ID-CoL="86JM" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[281,330,1392,1409]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Vespa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="EB9EEC507E51FF96FE9613043E39FA48" box="[281,330,1392,1409]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Vespa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
color forms, (a) Lateral view. (b) Dorsal view. (c) Front view of face.Fig. 31.
<taxonomicName id="1EEA4BC17E51FF96FC3B13043B57FA48" box="[948,1060,1392,1409]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Vespa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fumida">
<emphasis id="EB9EEC507E51FF96FC3B13043B57FA48" box="[948,1060,1392,1409]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Vespa fumida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Fig. 32.
<taxonomicName id="1EEA4BC17E51FF96FBE213043BB6FA48" ID-CoL="5B9WC" authorityName="de Saussure" authorityYear="1854" box="[1133,1221,1392,1409]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Vespa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="luctuosa">
<emphasis id="EB9EEC507E51FF96FBE213043BB6FA48" box="[1133,1221,1392,1409]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">V. luctuosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="D95530427E51FF96FF1D13CE3EBDF9C1" blockId="15.[146,771,1466,1544]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="F9FA176C7E51FF96FF1D13CE3EBDF9C1" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<treatmentCitation id="584B16537E51FF96FF1D13CE3DD1FA04" box="[146,674,1466,1485]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<taxonomicName id="1EEA4BC17E51FF96FF1D13CE3DD1FA04" ID-CoL="5B9XN" authority="Kojima and Tano, 1985: 436" authorityName="Kojima and Tano" authorityPageNumber="436" authorityYear="1985" box="[146,674,1466,1485]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Vespa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="luctuosa" subSpecies="negrosensis">
<emphasis id="EB9EEC507E51FF96FF1D13CE3EF8FA05" box="[146,395,1466,1485]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Vespa luctuosa negrosensis</emphasis>
Kojima and Tano, 1985: 436
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
.
<typeStatus id="06518EE07E51FF96FD2413CE3C71FA04" box="[683,770,1466,1485]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
female;
<collectingCountry id="A1FD70D27E51FF96FE8A13A33E1EFA23" box="[261,365,1495,1514]" name="Philippines" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Philippines</collectingCountry>
: ‘
<location id="DC3566997E51FF96FE0413A33E80FA23" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:514381547E50FF96FCBD10D53DC3F96C:DC3566997E51FF96FE0413A33E80FA23" box="[395,499,1495,1514]" country="Philippines" municipality="Negros Is'" name="Mambucal" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Mambucal</location>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="3931AA387E51FF96FD9F13A33DF0FA23" box="[528,643,1495,1514]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Negros Is’</collectingMunicipality>
. (TOKYO). Synonymized by
<bibRefCitation id="BD7B4DB37E51FF96FECA13803EBBF9CE" author="Archer" box="[325,456,1524,1543]" firstAuthor="Archer" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="43 - 50" refId="ref11948" refString="Archer, M. E. 1999. Taxonomy, distribution and nesting biology of Vespa binghami, V. basalis, V. variabilis, V. fervida, V. luctuosa, V. multimaculata and V. bellicosa. Entomol. Monthly Mag. 135: 43 - 50." type="journal article" year="1999">Archer (1999)</bibRefCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="91F063C97E51FF96FF1D10503E09F9FE" box="[146,378,1572,1592]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="D95530427E51FF96FF1D10503E09F9FE" blockId="15.[146,378,1572,1592]" box="[146,378,1572,1592]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="EB9EEC507E51FF96FF1D10503E70F9FE" bold="true" box="[146,259,1572,1591]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Distribution</emphasis>
.
<collectingCountry id="A1FD70D27E51FF96FE8210503E06F9FE" box="[269,373,1572,1591]" name="Philippines" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Philippines</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="91F063C97E51FF96FF1D10233DC3F96C" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="D95530427E51FF96FF1D10233DC3F96C" blockId="15.[146,770,1623,1701]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="EB9EEC507E51FF96FF1D10233F81F9A3" bold="true" box="[146,242,1623,1642]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Discussion</emphasis>
. This species has been found nesting in forested regions between 200 and
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elevation.The nests are built on tree branches, sometimes as high as
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above the ground (
<bibRefCitation id="BD7B4DB37E51FF96FDBD10E63DD7F96C" author="Archer" box="[562,676,1682,1701]" firstAuthor="Archer" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="43 - 50" refId="ref11948" refString="Archer, M. E. 1999. Taxonomy, distribution and nesting biology of Vespa binghami, V. basalis, V. variabilis, V. fervida, V. luctuosa, V. multimaculata and V. bellicosa. Entomol. Monthly Mag. 135: 43 - 50." type="journal article" year="1999">Archer 1999</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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