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&amp; 1442. Willemöes­
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Vinogradov
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.
<treatmentCitation id="083C10F8B723FFF0FBB5D437FAFC9D03" author="Bovallius" box="[1108,1317,550,573]" page="40" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" year="1889">
<bibRefCitation id="ED0C4B18B723FFF0FBB5D437FB229D03" author="Bovallius" box="[1108,1275,550,573]" pageId="4" pageNumber="40" refString="Bovallius, C. (1889) Contributions to a monograph of the Amphipoda Hyperiidea, Part I: 2. The families Cyllopodidae, Paraphronimidae, Thaumatopsidae, Mimonectidae, Hyperiidae, Phronimidae and Anchylomeridae. Kongliga Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Handlingar, 22 (7), 1 - 434, pls 1 - 18." type="journal article" year="1889">Bovallius 1889</bibRefCitation>
: 40
</treatmentCitation>
.
<treatmentCitation id="083C10F8B723FFF0FED9D457FDC09D63" author="Stephensen" box="[312,537,582,605]" page="56" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" year="1918">
<bibRefCitation id="ED0C4B18B723FFF0FED9D457FE289D63" author="Stephensen" box="[312,497,582,605]" pageId="4" pageNumber="42" refString="Stephensen, K. (1918) Hyperiidea-Amphipoda (Lanceolidae, Scinidae, Vibiliidae, Thaumatopsidae). Report on the Danish Oceanographical Expeditions 1908 - 10 to the Mediterranean and Adjacent Seas 2 (Biology - D 2), 1 - 70." type="journal article" year="1918">Stephensen 1918</bibRefCitation>
: 56
</treatmentCitation>
.
<treatmentCitation id="083C10F8B723FFF0FDC2D457FCFA9D63" author="Schellenberg" box="[547,803,582,605]" page="620" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" year="1927">
<bibRefCitation id="ED0C4B18B723FFF0FDC2D457FD349D63" author="Schellenberg" box="[547,749,582,605]" pageId="4" pageNumber="42" refString="Schellenberg, A. (1927) Amphipoda des Nordischen Plankton. In: Nordisches Plankton Zoologischer Teil Vol. 3. Kiel, Leipzig, pp. 589 - 722." type="book" year="1927">Schellenberg 1927</bibRefCitation>
: 620
</treatmentCitation>
.
<treatmentCitation id="083C10F8B723FFF0FCCCD457FC359D63" author="Spandl" box="[813,1004,582,605]" page="170" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" year="1927">
<bibRefCitation id="ED0C4B18B723FFF0FCCCD457FC6E9D63" author="Spandl" box="[813,951,582,605]" pageId="4" pageNumber="42" refString="Spandl, H. (1927) Die Hyperiiden (exkl. Hyperiidea Gammaroidea und Phronimidae) der Deutschen Sudpolar-Expedition 1901 - 1903. Deutsche Sudpolar-Expedition 1901 - 1903, Band 19, Zoologie, 11, 145 - 287, pl. 10." type="journal article" year="1927">Spandl 1927</bibRefCitation>
: 170
</treatmentCitation>
.
<treatmentCitation id="083C10F8B723FFF0FC17D457FB409D63" author="Pirlot" box="[1014,1177,582,605]" page="89" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" year="1929">
<bibRefCitation id="ED0C4B18B723FFF0FC17D457FBA89D63" author="Pirlot" box="[1014,1137,582,605]" pageId="4" pageNumber="42" refString="Pirlot, J. M. (1929) Resultats zoologiques de la croisiere atlantique de l' ' Armauer Hansen' (Mai- Juin 1922). 1. Les Amphipodes Hyperides. Memoires de la Societe Royale des Sciences de Liege, serie 3, 15 (2), 1 - 196." type="journal article" year="1929">Pirlot 1929</bibRefCitation>
: 89
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="892236E9B723FFF0FEE9D476FD8D9D43" blockId="4.[264,1323,359,702]" box="[264,596,614,638]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="A98D11C7B723FFF0FEE9D476FD8D9D43" box="[264,596,614,638]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<taxonomicName id="4E9D4D6AB723FFF0FEE9D476FD969D43" ID-CoL="9a229017-2763-4ea8-a8ef-f7622370a223" authority="Bovallius 1886: 3" authorityName="Bovallius" authorityPageNumber="3" authorityYear="1886" box="[264,591,614,638]" class="Malacostraca" family="Cystisomatidae" genus="Cysteosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="BBE9EAFBB723FFF0FEE9D476FE519D40" box="[264,392,615,638]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Cysteosoma</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="083C10F8B723FFF0FE71D477FD969D43" author="Bovallius" box="[400,591,614,637]" page="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" year="1886">
<bibRefCitation id="ED0C4B18B723FFF0FE71D477FDEF9D43" author="Bovallius" box="[400,566,614,637]" pageId="4" pageNumber="40" refString="Bovallius, C. (1886) Remarks on the genus Cysteosoma or Thaumatops. Bihang till Kungliga Vetenskaps-Akademiens Handlingar, 11 (9), 1 - 16." type="journal article" year="1886">Bovallius 1886</bibRefCitation>
: 3
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="892236E9B723FFF0FEE9D496FD849DA3" blockId="4.[264,1323,359,702]" box="[264,605,646,670]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="A98D11C7B723FFF0FEE9D496FD849DA3" box="[264,605,646,670]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<taxonomicName id="4E9D4D6AB723FFF0FEE9D496FD809DA3" ID-CoL="cbd634c2-0e7d-4272-8d2b-3856536cfdc5" authority="Senna, 1903: 93" authorityName="Senna" authorityPageNumber="93" authorityYear="1903" box="[264,601,646,670]" class="Malacostraca" family="Cystisomatidae" genus="Thaumonectes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="BBE9EAFBB723FFF0FEE9D496FE7B9DA0" box="[264,418,647,670]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Thaumonectes</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="083C10F8B723FFF0FE48D497FD809DA3" author="Senna" box="[425,601,646,669]" page="93" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" year="1903">
<bibRefCitation id="ED0C4B18B723FFF0FE48D497FDE89DA3" author="Senna" box="[425,561,646,669]" pageId="4" pageNumber="42" refString="Senna, A. (1903) Thaumonectes un nuovo genere di anfipodo iperide del Mare Caraibico. Bulletino della Societa Entomologica Italiana, 35, 93 - 95." type="journal article" year="1903">Senna, 1903</bibRefCitation>
: 93
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="892236E9B723FFF0FEE9D4B6FDAC9D83" blockId="4.[264,1323,359,702]" box="[264,629,678,702]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="A98D11C7B723FFF0FEE9D4B6FDAC9D83" box="[264,629,678,702]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<taxonomicName id="4E9D4D6AB723FFF0FEE9D4B6FDA89D83" authority="Woltereck, 1904: 553" authorityName="Woltereck" authorityPageNumber="553" authorityYear="1904" box="[264,625,678,702]" class="Malacostraca" family="Cystisomatidae" genus="Physosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="BBE9EAFBB723FFF0FEE9D4B6FE589D80" box="[264,385,679,702]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Physosoma</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="083C10F8B723FFF0FE69D4B7FDA89D83" author="Woltereck" box="[392,625,678,701]" page="553" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" year="1904">
<bibRefCitation id="ED0C4B18B723FFF0FE69D4B7FDE59D83" author="Woltereck" box="[392,572,678,701]" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" refString="Woltereck, R. (1904) Zweite mitteilung uber die hyperiden der Deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition. Physosoma, ein neuer pelagischer Laventypus; nebst bernerkungen zur biologie von Thaumatops und Phronima. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 27 (18), 553 - 563." type="journal article" year="1904">Woltereck, 1904</bibRefCitation>
: 553
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C1876562B723FFF0FEE9D4FEFE419C36" box="[264,408,751,776]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="892236E9B723FFF0FEE9D4FEFE419C36" blockId="4.[264,1324,751,976]" box="[264,408,751,776]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<emphasis id="BBE9EAFBB723FFF0FEE9D4FEFE419C36" box="[264,408,751,776]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<typeStatus id="5626884BB723FFF0FEE9D4FEFEE59C36" box="[264,316,751,776]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Type</typeStatus>
species
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C1876562B723FFF0FED9D506FEA49B1E" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="892236E9B723FFF0FED9D506FDB09CEE" blockId="4.[264,1324,751,976]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<taxonomicName id="4E9D4D6AB723FFF0FED9D506FC949C0E" authority="Guerin-Meneville, 1842" authorityName="Guerin-Meneville" authorityYear="1842" box="[312,845,790,816]" class="Malacostraca" family="Cystisomatidae" genus="Cystisoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="neptunus">
<emphasis id="BBE9EAFBB723FFF0FED9D506FDFC9C0E" box="[312,549,791,816]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Cystisoma neptunus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="ED0C4B18B723FFF0FDCFD507FC949C0E" author="Guerin-Meneville" box="[558,845,790,816]" pageId="4" pageNumber="41" refString="Guerin-Meneville, F. E. (1842) Description d'un crustace amphipode formant un genre nouveau dans la famille des hyperines. Revue Zoologique, par la Societe Cuvierienne, Juillet, 1842: 214 - 216." type="journal article" year="1842">Guérin­Méneville, 1842</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, by monotypy.
<typeStatus id="5626884BB723FFF0FBF1D507FB939C0E" box="[1040,1098,790,816]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Type</typeStatus>
material could not be found at the MNHN, BMNH or ANSP and is considered lost. This is not an ideal situation since the true identity of
<taxonomicName id="4E9D4D6AB723FFF0FD8DD576FD219CBE" box="[620,760,871,896]" class="Malacostraca" family="Cystisomatidae" genus="Cystisoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="neptunus">
<emphasis id="BBE9EAFBB723FFF0FD8DD576FD219CBE" box="[620,760,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">C. neptunus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is uncertain. However, there is no doubt that
<taxonomicName id="4E9D4D6AB723FFF0FAF1D576FEAB9C96" class="Malacostraca" family="Cystisomatidae" genus="Cystisoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="neptunus">
<emphasis id="BBE9EAFBB723FFF0FAF1D576FEAB9C96" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">C. neptunus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, as described and figured by
<bibRefCitation id="ED0C4B18B723FFF0FD3ED59FFBD49C96" author="Guerin-Meneville" box="[735,1037,910,936]" pageId="4" pageNumber="41" refString="Guerin-Meneville, F. E. (1842) Description d'un crustace amphipode formant un genre nouveau dans la famille des hyperines. Revue Zoologique, par la Societe Cuvierienne, Juillet, 1842: 214 - 216." type="journal article" year="1842">Guérin­Méneville (1842)</bibRefCitation>
, belongs to the modern generic concept of
<taxonomicName id="4E9D4D6AB723FFF0FE09D5A6FDBB9CEE" ID-CoL="7NVBD" box="[488,610,951,976]" class="Malacostraca" family="Cystisomatidae" genus="Cystisoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="BBE9EAFBB723FFF0FE09D5A6FDBB9CEE" box="[488,610,951,976]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Cystisoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="892236E9B723FFF0FEE9D216FEA49B1E" blockId="4.[264,1323,1031,1256]" box="[264,381,1031,1056]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<emphasis id="BBE9EAFBB723FFF0FEE9D216FEA49B1E" box="[264,381,1031,1056]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Synonyms</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C1876562B723FFF1FED9D23EFE889A80" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="description">
<paragraph id="892236E9B723FFF0FED9D23EFBA39B76" blockId="4.[264,1323,1031,1256]" box="[312,1146,1070,1096]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<taxonomicName id="4E9D4D6AB723FFF0FED9D23EFE609B76" box="[312,441,1071,1096]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadidae" genus="Cystosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="BBE9EAFBB723FFF0FED9D23EFE609B76" box="[312,441,1071,1096]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Cystosoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4E9D4D6AB723FFF0FE10D23EFDA69B76" box="[497,639,1071,1096]" class="Malacostraca" family="Cystisomatidae" genus="Cysteosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="BBE9EAFBB723FFF0FE10D23EFDA69B76" box="[497,639,1071,1096]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Cysteosoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are variations in the spelling of
<taxonomicName id="4E9D4D6AB723FFF0FC18D23EFBAA9B76" box="[1017,1139,1071,1096]" class="Malacostraca" family="Cystisomatidae" genus="Cystisoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="BBE9EAFBB723FFF0FC18D23EFBAA9B76" box="[1017,1139,1071,1096]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Cystisoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="892236E9B723FFF0FED9D247FC159BFE" blockId="4.[264,1323,1031,1256]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<bibRefCitation id="ED0C4B18B723FFF0FED9D247FD859B4E" author="Willemoes-Suhm" box="[312,604,1110,1136]" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" refString="Willemoes-Suhm, R. (1873) On a new genus of Amphipod Crustaceans. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, 21, 206 - 208." type="journal article" year="1873">Willemöes­Suhm (1873)</bibRefCitation>
proposed the genus
<taxonomicName id="4E9D4D6AB723FFF0FCB5D246FC179B4E" box="[852,974,1111,1136]" class="Malacostraca" family="Cystisomatidae" genus="Thaumops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="BBE9EAFBB723FFF0FCB5D246FC179B4E" box="[852,974,1111,1136]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Thaumops</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
for his new species
<taxonomicName id="4E9D4D6AB723FFF0FB26D246FEE39BA6" class="Malacostraca" family="Cystisomatidae" genus="Thaumops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pellucida">
<emphasis id="BBE9EAFBB723FFF0FB26D246FEE39BA6" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">T. pellucida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, unaware that this was a synonym of
<taxonomicName id="4E9D4D6AB723FFF0FD17D26EFCA99BA6" box="[758,880,1151,1176]" class="Malacostraca" family="Cystisomatidae" genus="Cystisoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="BBE9EAFBB723FFF0FD17D26EFCA99BA6" box="[758,880,1151,1176]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Cystisoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. He subsequently (1875) realised his error.
<bibRefCitation id="ED0C4B18B723FFF0FEB4D2B7FDD29BFE" author="Martens" box="[341,523,1190,1216]" pageId="4" pageNumber="42" refString="Martens, E. (1873) Crustacea. The Zoological Record for 1873, 10, 189." type="journal article" year="1873">Martens (1873)</bibRefCitation>
corrected the spelling to
<taxonomicName id="4E9D4D6AB723FFF0FCD5D2B6FC1C9BFE" box="[820,965,1191,1216]" class="Malacostraca" family="Cystisomatidae" genus="Thaumatops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="BBE9EAFBB723FFF0FCD5D2B6FC1C9BFE" box="[820,965,1191,1216]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Thaumatops</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="892236E9B723FFF0FED9D2DEFBF99BD6" blockId="4.[264,1323,1031,1256]" box="[312,1056,1230,1256]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<taxonomicName id="4E9D4D6AB723FFF0FED9D2DEFE389BD6" box="[312,481,1231,1256]" class="Malacostraca" family="Cystisomatidae" genus="Thaumonectes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="BBE9EAFBB723FFF0FED9D2DEFE389BD6" box="[312,481,1231,1256]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Thaumonectes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4E9D4D6AB723FFF0FDFBD2DEFD799BD6" box="[538,672,1231,1256]" class="Malacostraca" family="Cystisomatidae" genus="Physosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="BBE9EAFBB723FFF0FDFBD2DEFD799BD6" box="[538,672,1231,1256]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Physosoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are names given to larval forms.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="892236E9B723FFF0FEE9D30EFE1A9AB6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<table id="FB9DC449B723000BFEE9D30EFC1E9AB6" box="[264,967,1311,1416]" gridcols="10" gridrows="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<tr id="37AD34ABB723000BFEE9D30EFC1E9A06" box="[264,967,1311,1336]" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1" rowspan-8="1" rowspan-9="1">
<th id="747C5DD7B723000BFEE9D30EFE3D9A06" box="[264,484,1311,1336]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<emphasis id="BBE9EAFBB723FFF0FEE9D30EFEA69A06" box="[264,383,1311,1336]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Diagnosis</emphasis>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="37AD34ABB723000BFEE9D357FC1E9A5E" box="[264,967,1350,1376]" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<th id="747C5DD7B723000BFEE9D357FE3D9A5E" box="[264,484,1350,1376]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">The characters</th>
<td id="747C5DD7B723000BFE0AD357FDDA9A5E" box="[491,515,1350,1376]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">of</td>
<td id="747C5DD7B723000BFDEAD357FDF69A5E" box="[523,559,1350,1376]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">the</td>
<td id="747C5DD7B723000BFDD7D357FD5B9A5E" box="[566,642,1350,1376]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">family</td>
<td id="747C5DD7B723000BFD6BD357FD779A5E" box="[650,686,1350,1376]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">are</td>
<td id="747C5DD7B723000BFD54D357FD3D9A5E" box="[693,740,1350,1376]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">also</td>
<td id="747C5DD7B723000BFD0AD357FCF09A5E" box="[747,809,1350,1376]" gridcol="6" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">those</td>
<td id="747C5DD7B723000BFCD1D357FC919A5E" box="[816,840,1350,1376]" gridcol="7" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">of</td>
<td id="747C5DD7B723000BFCB1D357FCAD9A5E" box="[848,884,1350,1376]" gridcol="8" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">the</td>
<td id="747C5DD7B723000BFC9AD357FC1E9A5E" box="[891,967,1350,1376]" gridcol="9" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">genus.</td>
</tr>
<tr id="37AD34ABB723000BFEE9D37FFC1E9AB6" box="[264,967,1390,1416]" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1" rowspan-8="1" rowspan-9="1">
<th id="747C5DD7B723000BFEE9D37FFE3D9AB6" box="[264,484,1390,1416]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Six species.</th>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="892236E9B723FFF0FEE9D3AEFE339AE6" blockId="4.[264,1324,1471,1896]" box="[264,490,1471,1496]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<emphasis id="BBE9EAFBB723FFF0FEE9D3AEFE339AE6" box="[264,490,1471,1496]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Sexual dimorphism</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="892236E9B723FFF1FED9D3F7FE109D18" blockId="4.[264,1324,1471,1896]" lastBlockId="5.[264,1324,284,1470]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
There are very few reliable morphological characters to distinguish the sexes of species of
<taxonomicName id="4E9D4D6AB723FFF0FE81D01EFE039916" box="[352,474,1551,1576]" class="Malacostraca" family="Cystisomatidae" genus="Cystisoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="BBE9EAFBB723FFF0FE81D01EFE039916" box="[352,474,1551,1576]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Cystisoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and juveniles (&lt;
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) are impossible to sex. The reproductive systems have been described by
<bibRefCitation id="ED0C4B18B723FFF0FD9FD027FCE3996E" author="Brusca" box="[638,826,1590,1616]" pageId="4" pageNumber="41" refString="Brusca, G. J. (1981 b) On the anatomy of Cystisoma (Amphipoda: Hyperiidea). Journal of Crustacean Biology, 1, 358 - 375." type="journal article" year="1981" yearSuffix="b">Brusca (1981b)</bibRefCitation>
and provide the only reliable means to distinguish the sexes. Unfortunately these are sometimes difficult to see in damaged specimens. Briefly, the male reproductive system consists of paired testes, suspended in pereonites 1­3, with paired sperm ducts extending posteriorly to pereonite 7, where they terminate in the gonopores, each elevated in a small papilla. Generally the male gonopores are readily visible in all but juvenile (&lt;
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) and damaged specimens. The female reproductive system is more complex. Ovaries are located in pereonites 3­4, and the oviducts terminate in gonopores on pereonite 5, which open on the medial side of small brood plates, which are pressed against the body. Mature specimens have a brood sac between the second gnathopods, which is covered by two pairs of brood plates arising posteriorly on pereonites 2 and 3 (
<figureCitation id="11A62A6CB722FFF1FD95D77DFD629EB8" box="[628,699,364,390]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="12.[264,368,1787,1811]" captionTargetBox="[368,1251,329,1772]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[264,1323,320,1776]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 3. Cystisoma pellucida, Great Australian Bight, SAMA C 5541. Female, 75 mm. A, oral spines; B, buccal mass; C, second brood plate, medial view; D, second brood plates, ventral view; E, first brood plates, ventral view. Scale bars = 2.0 mm (C­E), 1.0 mm (A, B), 0.5 mm (remainder)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/156379/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
). These brood plates are present as developing buds in immature specimens and provide a reliable character to distinguish females. Females as small as
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can have the first two pairs of brood plates present as small buds. The presence of the gonopore is an additional character but is less obvious, especially in damaged specimens.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="892236E9B722FFF1FED9D425FE969DD0" blockId="5.[264,1324,284,1470]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">In addition to the above, in mature females, pereopod 7 is transformed into a prehensile appendage, with an expanded, gland­filled propodus and short hooked dactylus. Males possess a much narrower propodus without glands, and a longer straighter dactylus. As this character is only seen in mature females it is not very useful for distinguishing the sexes.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="892236E9B722FFF1FED9D4EDFE889A80" blockId="5.[264,1324,284,1470]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
Various authors have also suggested other possible sexual differences such as the length of the first antennae; the head shape, the presence of glands in the antennae, pereopods and uropods, and the shape of the basis of pereopod 7. Sometimes smaller specimens have relatively longer first antennae and occasionally smaller males (
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) have slightly longer antennae than females of the same size.
<bibRefCitation id="ED0C4B18B722FFF1FC7BD58DFBB19C88" author="Woltereck" box="[922,1128,924,950]" pageId="5" pageNumber="43" refString="Woltereck, R. (1903) Bermerkungen zu den Amphipoda Hyperiidea der deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition. 1. Thaumatopsidae. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 26 (700), 447 - 459." type="journal article" year="1903">Woltereck (1903)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="ED0C4B18B722FFF1FB40D58DFE419CE0" pageId="5" pageNumber="43" refString="Vinogradov, M. E., Volkov, A. F. &amp; Semenova, T. N. (1982) Amfipody - Giperiidy (Amphipoda: Hyperiidea) Mrovogo Okeanea. Akademiya Nauk SSSR, Opredeliteli po Faune SSSR No. 132. Leningrad, 492 pp. [In Russian]. (English translation, 1996, Smithsonian Institution Libraries, Washington D. C., D. Siegel-Causey, Scientific Editor)." type="book">
Vinogradov
<emphasis id="BBE9EAFBB722FFF1FEE9D5D5FEE59CE3" box="[264,316,964,989]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">et al</emphasis>
. (1982)
</bibRefCitation>
suggest that males may have more wedge­shaped heads, but this could not be verified from the material examined. In fact the
<typeStatus id="5626884BB722FFF1FCB4D5FDFC519B38" box="[853,904,1004,1030]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">type</typeStatus>
male of the new species described here has a rather rounded head. Adult females of
<taxonomicName id="4E9D4D6AB722FFF1FC9BD205FBD79B13" box="[890,1038,1044,1069]" class="Malacostraca" family="Cystisomatidae" genus="Thaumops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pellucida">
<emphasis id="BBE9EAFBB722FFF1FC9BD205FBD79B13" box="[890,1038,1044,1069]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">C. pellucida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have highly developed glands in the distal part of the propodus of pereopods 3­7, and apically on the first antennae and the exopods of the uropods. These glands are not evident in the females of other species and males of
<taxonomicName id="4E9D4D6AB722FFF1FE1ED29DFD579B9B" box="[511,654,1164,1189]" class="Malacostraca" family="Cystisomatidae" genus="Thaumops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pellucida">
<emphasis id="BBE9EAFBB722FFF1FE1ED29DFD579B9B" box="[511,654,1164,1189]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">C. pellucida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are unknown, so it is impossible to determine whether or not these glands are present. The only record of males of
<taxonomicName id="4E9D4D6AB722FFF1FC48D2A5FBE19BF3" box="[937,1080,1204,1229]" class="Malacostraca" family="Cystisomatidae" genus="Thaumops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pellucida">
<emphasis id="BBE9EAFBB722FFF1FC48D2A5FBE19BF3" box="[937,1080,1204,1229]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">C. pellucida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are by
<bibRefCitation id="ED0C4B18B722FFF1FB6CD2A5FAFE9BF0" author="Pirlot" box="[1165,1319,1204,1230]" pageId="5" pageNumber="42" refString="Pirlot, J. M. (1938) Premiere partie (addendum). Les Amphipodes Hyperides. Familles des Lanceolidae, Cystisomatidae et Oxycephalidae. La sexualite chez Cystisoma Guerin-Meneville. Siboga-Expedite, 33 f, 32 - 60." type="journal article" year="1938">Pirlot (1938)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="ED0C4B18B722FFF1FEE9D2CDFE189BC8" author="Brusca" box="[264,449,1244,1270]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="41" pageId="5" pageNumber="40" refString="Brusca, G. J. (1967 b) The ecology of pelagic amphipods, II: Observation on the reproductive cycles of several pelagic amphipods from the waters off southern California. Pacific Science, 21 (4), 449 - 456." type="journal article" year="1967" yearSuffix="b">Brusca (1967b)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="ED0C4B18B722FFF1FDE3D2CDFCEB9BC8" box="[514,818,1244,1270]" pageId="5" pageNumber="43" refString="Vinogradov, M. E., Volkov, A. F. &amp; Semenova, T. N. (1982) Amfipody - Giperiidy (Amphipoda: Hyperiidea) Mrovogo Okeanea. Akademiya Nauk SSSR, Opredeliteli po Faune SSSR No. 132. Leningrad, 492 pp. [In Russian]. (English translation, 1996, Smithsonian Institution Libraries, Washington D. C., D. Siegel-Causey, Scientific Editor)." type="book">
Vinogradov
<emphasis id="BBE9EAFBB722FFF1FD76D2CDFD179BCB" box="[663,718,1244,1269]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">et al</emphasis>
. (1982)
</bibRefCitation>
, but they do not provide a description or illustrations, and these specimens were not available for examination. The basis of pereopod 7 is relatively broad in the males of two species,
<taxonomicName id="4E9D4D6AB722FFF1FC91D33DFC399A7B" box="[880,992,1324,1349]" class="Malacostraca" family="Cystisomatidae" genus="Cystisoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="latipes">
<emphasis id="BBE9EAFBB722FFF1FC91D33DFC399A7B" box="[880,992,1324,1349]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">C. latipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4E9D4D6AB722FFF1FBF6D33DFB189A7B" box="[1047,1217,1324,1349]" class="Malacostraca" family="Cystisomatidae" genus="Cystisoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gershwinae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="BBE9EAFBB722FFF1FBF6D33DFB189A7B" box="[1047,1217,1324,1349]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">C. gershwinae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A0DA5780B722FFF1FB26D33AFAFA9A78" box="[1223,1315,1323,1350]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="species">
<emphasis id="BBE9EAFBB722FFF1FB26D33AFB3A9A7B" bold="true" box="[1223,1251,1323,1349]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">sp</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="BBE9EAFBB722FFF1FB11D33AFAC59A7B" bold="true" box="[1264,1308,1323,1349]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">nov</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
, for which the females are unknown. In all other species the basis of pereopod 7 is relatively slender, like the following articles, and there do not seem to be any sexual differences.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C1876562B722FFFCFEE9D3E5FAF59E60" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="892236E9B722FFF1FEE9D3E5FEB79933" blockId="5.[264,1324,1524,1870]" box="[264,366,1524,1549]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="BBE9EAFBB722FFF1FEE9D3E5FEB79933" box="[264,366,1524,1549]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Remarks</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="892236E9B722FFF1FED9D00DFC2799B8" blockId="5.[264,1324,1524,1870]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<taxonomicName id="4E9D4D6AB722FFF1FED9D00DFE6B990B" box="[312,434,1564,1589]" class="Malacostraca" family="Cystisomatidae" genus="Cystisoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="BBE9EAFBB722FFF1FED9D00DFE6B990B" box="[312,434,1564,1589]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Cystisoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a readily recognisable genus, but distinguishing its species can be a frustrating process as they are surprisingly similar morphologically (
<bibRefCitation id="ED0C4B18B722FFF1FBE6D055FB699960" author="Brusca" box="[1031,1200,1604,1630]" pageId="5" pageNumber="41" refString="Brusca, G. J. (1981 b) On the anatomy of Cystisoma (Amphipoda: Hyperiidea). Journal of Crustacean Biology, 1, 358 - 375." type="journal article" year="1981" yearSuffix="b">Brusca 1981b</bibRefCitation>
). Characters that might prove useful to distinguish species are as follows.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="892236E9B722FFF2FED9D085FC1B9D48" blockId="5.[264,1324,1524,1870]" lastBlockId="6.[264,1324,283,1870]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
First antennae: The length of the first antennae seems to vary slightly with age, with juveniles tending to have relatively longer antennae. In adults the length of the first antennae seems to be a useful character. They are equal in length to about half of the head in
<taxonomicName id="4E9D4D6AB722FFF1FAF1D0F5FE81981B" class="Malacostraca" family="Cystisomatidae" genus="Cystisoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="magna">
<emphasis id="BBE9EAFBB722FFF1FAF1D0F5FE81981B" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">C. magna</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 0.5­0.7x the head in
<taxonomicName id="4E9D4D6AB722FFF1FDBCD11DFD3D981B" box="[605,740,1804,1829]" class="Malacostraca" family="Cystisomatidae" genus="Cystisoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longipes">
<emphasis id="BBE9EAFBB722FFF1FDBCD11DFD3D981B" box="[605,740,1804,1829]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">C. longipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; subequal to the head in
<taxonomicName id="4E9D4D6AB722FFF1FBEED11DFB50981B" box="[1039,1161,1804,1829]" class="Malacostraca" family="Cystisomatidae" genus="Cystisoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fabricii">
<emphasis id="BBE9EAFBB722FFF1FBEED11DFB50981B" box="[1039,1161,1804,1829]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">C. fabricii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<emphasis id="BBE9EAFBB722FFF1FB22D11DFE9B9870" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<taxonomicName id="4E9D4D6AB722FFF1FB22D11DFEE39873" class="Malacostraca" family="Cystisomatidae" genus="Thaumops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pellucida">C. pellucida</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
much longer than the head, extending to the pleon, in
<emphasis id="BBE9EAFBB722FFF1FC16D125FBAD9870" box="[1015,1140,1844,1870]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<taxonomicName id="4E9D4D6AB722FFF1FC16D125FBB49873" box="[1015,1133,1844,1869]" class="Malacostraca" family="Cystisomatidae" genus="Cystisoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="latipes">C. latipes</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
and extending almost to pleonite
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<taxonomicName id="4E9D4D6AB721FFF2FDF4D70DFD679E0B" box="[533,702,284,309]" class="Malacostraca" family="Cystisomatidae" genus="Cystisoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gershwinae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="BBE9EAFBB721FFF2FDF4D70DFD679E0B" box="[533,702,284,309]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">C. gershwinae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A0DA5780B721FFF2FD24D70AFCFB9E08" box="[709,802,283,310]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rank="species">
<emphasis id="BBE9EAFBB721FFF2FD24D70AFD389E0B" bold="true" box="[709,737,283,309]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">sp</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="BBE9EAFBB721FFF2FD0ED70AFCC29E0B" bold="true" box="[751,795,283,309]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">nov</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
However, this is not always a reliable character as juvenile males (
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) attributable to
<taxonomicName id="4E9D4D6AB721FFF2FC89D755FC059E63" box="[872,988,324,349]" class="Malacostraca" family="Cystisomatidae" genus="Cystisoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="magna">
<emphasis id="BBE9EAFBB721FFF2FC89D755FC059E63" box="[872,988,324,349]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">C. magna</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4E9D4D6AB721FFF2FC0DD755FBAA9E63" box="[1004,1139,324,349]" class="Malacostraca" family="Cystisomatidae" genus="Cystisoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longipes">
<emphasis id="BBE9EAFBB721FFF2FC0DD755FBAA9E63" box="[1004,1139,324,349]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">C. longipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4E9D4D6AB721FFF2FB51D755FAF39E63" box="[1200,1322,324,349]" class="Malacostraca" family="Cystisomatidae" genus="Cystisoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fabricii">
<emphasis id="BBE9EAFBB721FFF2FB51D755FAF39E63" box="[1200,1322,324,349]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">C. fabricii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
occasionally have antennae considerably longer than the head, sometimes extending to pereonite 3. Apart from the long antennae, and smaller size, these specimens are like the adults and in the absence of other characters have been identified with them.
<taxonomicName id="4E9D4D6AB721FFF2FB51D7ADFE8F9EC3" class="Malacostraca" family="Cystisomatidae" genus="Cystisoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="latipes">
<emphasis id="BBE9EAFBB721FFF2FB51D7ADFE8F9EC3" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Cystisoma latipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4E9D4D6AB721FFF2FE71D7F5FDE09EC3" box="[400,569,484,509]" class="Malacostraca" family="Cystisomatidae" genus="Cystisoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gershwinae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="BBE9EAFBB721FFF2FE71D7F5FDE09EC3" box="[400,569,484,509]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">C. gershwinae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="BBE9EAFBB721FFF2FDA0D7F2FD469EC3" bold="true" box="[577,671,483,509]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A0DA5780B721FFF2FDA0D7F2FD469EC3" box="[577,671,483,509]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
are also the only species to have antennae with a brush of aesthestascs on the inner surface. In all other species only a few scattered aesthestascs, or none at all, were found. The antennae of
<taxonomicName id="4E9D4D6AB721FFF2FCC7D425FC6E9D73" box="[806,951,564,589]" class="Malacostraca" family="Cystisomatidae" genus="Thaumops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pellucida">
<emphasis id="BBE9EAFBB721FFF2FCC7D425FC6E9D73" box="[806,951,564,589]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">C. pellucida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are swollen distally due to the presence of a gland, a distinguishing feature of this species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="892236E9B721FFF2FED9D495FE949CE0" blockId="6.[264,1324,283,1870]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
Second antennae: The second antennae seem to be represented by small ventral spines posterior to the usually larger, anterior spines, on the ventral surface of the head.
<bibRefCitation id="ED0C4B18B721FFF2FEE9D4C5FE309DD0" author="Stephensen" box="[264,489,724,750]" pageId="6" pageNumber="42" refString="Stephensen, K. (1918) Hyperiidea-Amphipoda (Lanceolidae, Scinidae, Vibiliidae, Thaumatopsidae). Report on the Danish Oceanographical Expeditions 1908 - 10 to the Mediterranean and Adjacent Seas 2 (Biology - D 2), 1 - 70." type="journal article" year="1918">Stephensen (1918)</bibRefCitation>
who first classified the ventral spines concluded that the glandular spine is “undoubtedly a rudiment of ant. 2, and into which the antennal gland opens out”. A number of specimens were examined in which a gland is clearly attached to the glandular spine, confirming that this is probably the remnant of the second antennae. In
<taxonomicName id="4E9D4D6AB721FFF2FB37D55DFEF69CB3" class="Malacostraca" family="Cystisomatidae" genus="Cystisoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="latipes">
<emphasis id="BBE9EAFBB721FFF2FB37D55DFEF69CB3" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">C. latipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4E9D4D6AB721FFF2FE8AD565FDCF9CB3" box="[363,534,884,909]" class="Malacostraca" family="Cystisomatidae" genus="Cystisoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gershwinae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="BBE9EAFBB721FFF2FE8AD565FDCF9CB3" box="[363,534,884,909]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">C. gershwinae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A0DA5780B721FFF2FDFED562FDA79CB0" box="[543,638,883,910]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rank="species">
<emphasis id="BBE9EAFBB721FFF2FDFED562FDE29CB3" bold="true" box="[543,571,883,909]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">sp</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="BBE9EAFBB721FFF2FDAAD562FDAE9CB3" bold="true" box="[587,631,883,909]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">nov</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
the glandular spine is similar in size to, or slightly larger than, the anterior spine. In all other species the anterior spine is clearly the largest ventral spine.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="892236E9B721FFF2FED9D5FDFBB09B68" blockId="6.[264,1324,283,1870]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
Head shape: When viewed dorsally, the head can be rounded with a convex anterior margin as in
<taxonomicName id="4E9D4D6AB721FFF2FE41D205FDFE9B13" box="[416,551,1044,1069]" class="Malacostraca" family="Cystisomatidae" genus="Cystisoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longipes">
<emphasis id="BBE9EAFBB721FFF2FE41D205FDFE9B13" box="[416,551,1044,1069]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">C. longipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<emphasis id="BBE9EAFBB721FFF2FDBFD205FD019B13" box="[606,728,1044,1069]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<taxonomicName id="4E9D4D6AB721FFF2FDBFD205FD0D9B13" box="[606,724,1044,1069]" class="Malacostraca" family="Cystisomatidae" genus="Cystisoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="magna">C. magna</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
or it may be more rectangular in shape, with a relatively straight, or almost concave anterior margin as, in all other species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="892236E9B721FFF2FED9D275FCB09BC8" blockId="6.[264,1324,283,1870]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
Eye shape: When viewed dorsally, the eye facets of
<taxonomicName id="4E9D4D6AB721FFF2FC4ED275FBF89B43" box="[943,1057,1124,1149]" class="Malacostraca" family="Cystisomatidae" genus="Cystisoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="latipes">
<emphasis id="BBE9EAFBB721FFF2FC4ED275FBF89B43" box="[943,1057,1124,1149]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">C. latipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
occupy two obliquely oval areas almost touching anteriorly, and widely separated posteriorly. In all other species the eye facets occupy most of the dorsal head surface, consisting of two almost oval areas barely separated along the middle of the head.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="892236E9B721FFF2FED9D315FB779A50" blockId="6.[264,1324,283,1870]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
Marginal spines on head: The number of marginal spines increases slightly with an increase in size, and varies from eleven in
<taxonomicName id="4E9D4D6AB721FFF2FD1FD33DFC719A7B" box="[766,936,1324,1349]" class="Malacostraca" family="Cystisomatidae" genus="Cystisoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gershwinae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="BBE9EAFBB721FFF2FD1FD33DFC719A7B" box="[766,936,1324,1349]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">C. gershwinae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A0DA5780B721FFF2FC4ED33AFBD49A78" box="[943,1037,1323,1350]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rank="species">
<emphasis id="BBE9EAFBB721FFF2FC4ED33AFC129A7B" bold="true" box="[943,971,1323,1349]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">sp</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="BBE9EAFBB721FFF2FC3BD33AFBDF9A7B" bold="true" box="[986,1030,1323,1349]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">nov</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
to
<quantity id="4E659B0CB721FFF2FBD2D33DFB4F9A78" box="[1075,1174,1324,1350]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.064" metricValueMax="4.572" metricValueMin="3.556" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="in" value="16.0" valueMax="18.0" valueMin="14.0">14­18 in</quantity>
<taxonomicName id="4E9D4D6AB721FFF2FB7CD33DFAFA9A7B" box="[1181,1315,1324,1349]" class="Malacostraca" family="Cystisomatidae" genus="Cystisoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longipes">
<emphasis id="BBE9EAFBB721FFF2FB7CD33DFAFA9A7B" box="[1181,1315,1324,1349]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">C. longipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. There is considerable overlap between species and this is not a useful character.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="892236E9B721FFF2FED9D36DFAFF99B8" blockId="6.[264,1324,283,1870]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
Ventral spines on head: The ventral spines consist of an anterior spine (usually the largest), followed by a glandular spine (most likely A2), and an arch of oral spines (in most species). The number of oral spines varies from 2­5. They are absent in
<taxonomicName id="4E9D4D6AB721FFF2FB50D3DDFAF39ADB" box="[1201,1322,1484,1509]" class="Malacostraca" family="Cystisomatidae" genus="Cystisoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fabricii">
<emphasis id="BBE9EAFBB721FFF2FB50D3DDFAF39ADB" box="[1201,1322,1484,1509]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">C. fabricii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4E9D4D6AB721FFF2FEDAD3E5FE3F9933" box="[315,486,1524,1549]" class="Malacostraca" family="Cystisomatidae" genus="Cystisoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gershwinae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="BBE9EAFBB721FFF2FEDAD3E5FE3F9933" box="[315,486,1524,1549]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">C. gershwinae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A0DA5780B721FFF2FE0CD3E2FD929930" box="[493,587,1523,1550]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rank="species">
<emphasis id="BBE9EAFBB721FFF2FE0CD3E2FDD19933" bold="true" box="[493,520,1523,1549]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">sp</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="BBE9EAFBB721FFF2FDF8D3E2FD9C9933" bold="true" box="[537,581,1523,1549]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">nov</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
Thus, the absence of oral spines could be used to distinguish these two species. It seems that oral spines are always present in the other species, with a likely increase in number with increase in size, although one unidentifiable juvenile, measuring only
<quantity id="4E659B0CB721FFF2FE75D07DFE3399B8" box="[404,490,1644,1670]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="17.0">17 mm</quantity>
, had 2 and 3 oral spines (‘Discovery’ specimen, unregistered BMNH).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="892236E9B721FFF2FED9D085FE029870" blockId="6.[264,1324,283,1870]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
Mouthparts: The mouthparts are remarkably similar except for the number of mandibular teeth. Most species have only one prominent, medial tooth on the mandible, rarely with a small adjacent one (e.g.
<taxonomicName id="4E9D4D6AB721FFF2FD91D0F5FD3199C3" box="[624,744,1764,1789]" class="Malacostraca" family="Cystisomatidae" genus="Cystisoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fabricii">
<emphasis id="BBE9EAFBB721FFF2FD91D0F5FD3199C3" box="[624,744,1764,1789]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">C. fabricii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, SAM A42204). Additional lateral teeth occur in
<taxonomicName id="4E9D4D6AB721FFF2FEE9D11DFEA3981B" box="[264,378,1804,1829]" class="Malacostraca" family="Cystisomatidae" genus="Cystisoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="latipes">
<emphasis id="BBE9EAFBB721FFF2FEE9D11DFEA3981B" box="[264,378,1804,1829]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">C. latipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(one only), and
<taxonomicName id="4E9D4D6AB721FFF2FDA0D11DFD11981B" box="[577,712,1804,1829]" class="Malacostraca" family="Cystisomatidae" genus="Cystisoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longipes">
<emphasis id="BBE9EAFBB721FFF2FDA0D11DFD11981B" box="[577,712,1804,1829]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">C. longipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(1­3), and this character can be used to distinguish these two species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="892236E9B720FFF3FED9D70DFEB09EE8" blockId="7.[264,1324,284,1870]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
Female brood plates: The brood plates of mature specimens of all species, except for
<taxonomicName id="4E9D4D6AB720FFF3FEE9D755FEA59E63" box="[264,380,324,349]" class="Malacostraca" family="Cystisomatidae" genus="Cystisoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="latipes">
<emphasis id="BBE9EAFBB720FFF3FEE9D755FEA59E63" box="[264,380,324,349]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">C. latipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4E9D4D6AB720FFF3FE5CD755FDB29E63" box="[445,619,324,349]" class="Malacostraca" family="Cystisomatidae" genus="Cystisoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gershwinae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="BBE9EAFBB720FFF3FE5CD755FDB29E63" box="[445,619,324,349]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">C. gershwinae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A0DA5780B720FFF3FD97D752FD0F9E60" box="[630,726,323,350]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rank="species">
<emphasis id="BBE9EAFBB720FFF3FD97D752FD4B9E63" bold="true" box="[630,658,323,349]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">sp</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="BBE9EAFBB720FFF3FD45D752FD099E63" bold="true" box="[676,720,323,349]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">nov</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
, species for which the female is unknown, were examined and no differences were found. Because brood plates are not fully developed except for mature specimens, and are restricted to females, they are not a useful character anyway.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="892236E9B720FFF3FED9D7F5FC619D18" blockId="7.[264,1324,284,1870]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Pereopod length: There is very little variation in the relative lengths of the pereopods across the whole range of species regardless of sex or size.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="892236E9B720FFF3FED9D425FD869C00" blockId="7.[264,1324,284,1870]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
Pereopod articles: Only minor variations were found in the relative lengths of pereopod articles. In
<taxonomicName id="4E9D4D6AB720FFF3FE2AD44DFD9C9D4B" box="[459,581,604,629]" class="Malacostraca" family="Cystisomatidae" genus="Cystisoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fabricii">
<emphasis id="BBE9EAFBB720FFF3FE2AD44DFD9C9D4B" box="[459,581,604,629]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">C. fabricii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4E9D4D6AB720FFF3FD60D44DFCCB9D4B" box="[641,786,604,629]" class="Malacostraca" family="Cystisomatidae" genus="Thaumops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pellucida">
<emphasis id="BBE9EAFBB720FFF3FD60D44DFCCB9D4B" box="[641,786,604,629]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">C. pellucida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the propodus of pereopod 5 is clearly longer than the carpus; in all other species the propodus is subequal in length to the carpus. In
<taxonomicName id="4E9D4D6AB720FFF3FAF1D495FE569DFB" class="Malacostraca" family="Cystisomatidae" genus="Cystisoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gershwinae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="BBE9EAFBB720FFF3FAF1D495FE569DFB" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">C. gershwinae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A0DA5780B720FFF3FE79D4BAFE2F9DF8" box="[408,502,683,710]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rank="species">
<emphasis id="BBE9EAFBB720FFF3FE79D4BAFE6D9DFB" bold="true" box="[408,436,683,709]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">sp</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="BBE9EAFBB720FFF3FE25D4BAFE299DFB" bold="true" box="[452,496,683,709]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">nov</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
the carpus and propodus of pereopod 5 are subequal in length to the basis; in all other species the basis is clearly the longest article. In
<taxonomicName id="4E9D4D6AB720FFF3FBFAD4C5FB739DD3" box="[1051,1194,724,749]" class="Malacostraca" family="Cystisomatidae" genus="Thaumops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pellucida">
<emphasis id="BBE9EAFBB720FFF3FBFAD4C5FB739DD3" box="[1051,1194,724,749]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">C. pellucida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the propodus of pereopod 6 is slightly longer than the carpus; in all other species the carpus and propodus are subequal in length.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="892236E9B720FFF3FED9D55DFC319B68" blockId="7.[264,1324,284,1870]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
Pereopod 7 of females: In mature females this pereopod is modified, presumably for the transfer of eggs from the oviduct to the brood chamber. The propodus is swollen distally, forming a concave distal margin, and the dactylus is curved, presumably to hold the egg against the concave surface of the propodus. Although limited to females,
<bibRefCitation id="ED0C4B18B720FFF3FB40D5D5FE409B38" pageId="7" pageNumber="43" refString="Vinogradov, M. E., Volkov, A. F. &amp; Semenova, T. N. (1982) Amfipody - Giperiidy (Amphipoda: Hyperiidea) Mrovogo Okeanea. Akademiya Nauk SSSR, Opredeliteli po Faune SSSR No. 132. Leningrad, 492 pp. [In Russian]. (English translation, 1996, Smithsonian Institution Libraries, Washington D. C., D. Siegel-Causey, Scientific Editor)." type="book">
Vinogradov
<emphasis id="BBE9EAFBB720FFF3FEE9D5FDFEE59B3B" box="[264,316,1004,1029]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">et al</emphasis>
. (1982)
</bibRefCitation>
suggested that this might be a useful character, but the morphology of pereopod 7 changes considerably as females mature, and appear to be similar at the same stage in all species examined thus, making it an unreliable character.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="892236E9B720FFF3FED9D275FC1B9AA8" blockId="7.[264,1324,284,1870]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
Uropods: There is very little variation in the relative lengths of the peduncle and the exopods or endopods. In most species the exopods are slightly longer than the endopods but in
<taxonomicName id="4E9D4D6AB720FFF3FEB3D2A5FE389BF3" box="[338,481,1204,1229]" class="Malacostraca" family="Cystisomatidae" genus="Thaumops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pellucida">
<emphasis id="BBE9EAFBB720FFF3FEB3D2A5FE389BF3" box="[338,481,1204,1229]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">C. pellucida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the exopods are considerably longer and swollen distally because of the presence of a gland, making it a readily recognisable character. In uropod 1 the exopod length relative to the peduncle is about one­third in
<taxonomicName id="4E9D4D6AB720FFF3FC85D315FC0F9A23" box="[868,982,1284,1309]" class="Malacostraca" family="Cystisomatidae" genus="Cystisoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="magna">
<emphasis id="BBE9EAFBB720FFF3FC85D315FC0F9A23" box="[868,982,1284,1309]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">C. magna</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and one­half in
<taxonomicName id="4E9D4D6AB720FFF3FB75D315FAFA9A23" box="[1172,1315,1284,1309]" class="Malacostraca" family="Cystisomatidae" genus="Thaumops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pellucida">
<emphasis id="BBE9EAFBB720FFF3FB75D315FAFA9A23" box="[1172,1315,1284,1309]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">C. pellucida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, with all other species inbetween (about 0.4x). In uropod 3 the exopod length relative to the peduncle is usually slightly more than half in most species, except for
<taxonomicName id="4E9D4D6AB720FFF3FB52D345FAF29A53" box="[1203,1323,1364,1389]" class="Malacostraca" family="Cystisomatidae" genus="Cystisoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="magna">
<emphasis id="BBE9EAFBB720FFF3FB52D345FAF29A53" box="[1203,1323,1364,1389]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">C. magna</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(slightly less than half) and
<taxonomicName id="4E9D4D6AB720FFF3FDAED36DFD079AAB" box="[591,734,1404,1429]" class="Malacostraca" family="Cystisomatidae" genus="Thaumops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pellucida">
<emphasis id="BBE9EAFBB720FFF3FDAED36DFD079AAB" box="[591,734,1404,1429]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">C. pellucida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(about two­thirds).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="892236E9B720FFF3FED9D3B5FBE09960" blockId="7.[264,1324,284,1870]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
There are twelve nominal species referable to
<taxonomicName id="4E9D4D6AB720FFF3FCBCD3B5FC0E9A83" box="[861,983,1444,1469]" class="Malacostraca" family="Cystisomatidae" genus="Cystisoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="BBE9EAFBB720FFF3FCBCD3B5FC0E9A83" box="[861,983,1444,1469]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Cystisoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Of these, the
<typeStatus id="5626884BB720FFF3FB6ED3B5FB1B9A80" box="[1167,1218,1444,1470]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">type</typeStatus>
material of seven species has been confirmed as lost, but only two species,
<taxonomicName id="4E9D4D6AB720FFF3FBFDD3DDFE959930" authority="Fabricius, 1775" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1775" class="Malacostraca" family="Cystisomatidae" genus="Cystisoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spinosus">
<emphasis id="BBE9EAFBB720FFF3FBFDD3DDFB7C9ADB" box="[1052,1189,1484,1509]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">C. spinosus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="ED0C4B18B720FFF3FB54D3DDFE9D9930" author="Fabricius" pageId="7" pageNumber="41" refString="Fabricius, J. C. (1775) Systema Entomologiae, sistens Insectorum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, adiectis synonymis, locis, descriptionibus, observationibus. Flensburgi et Lipziae." type="book" year="1775">Fabricius, 1775</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4E9D4D6AB720FFF3FE75D3E5FC859930" authority="Guerin-Meneville, 1842" authorityName="Guerin-Meneville" authorityYear="1842" box="[404,860,1524,1550]" class="Malacostraca" family="Cystisomatidae" genus="Cystisoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="neptunus">
<emphasis id="BBE9EAFBB720FFF3FE75D3E5FDF19933" box="[404,552,1524,1549]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">C. neptunus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="ED0C4B18B720FFF3FDD6D3E5FC859930" author="Guerin-Meneville" box="[567,860,1524,1550]" pageId="7" pageNumber="41" refString="Guerin-Meneville, F. E. (1842) Description d'un crustace amphipode formant un genre nouveau dans la famille des hyperines. Revue Zoologique, par la Societe Cuvierienne, Juillet, 1842: 214 - 216." type="journal article" year="1842">Guérin­Méneville, 1842</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, are insufficiently described, making determination impossible. In addition, two names have been given to larval forms,
<taxonomicName id="4E9D4D6AB720FFF3FB04D00DFD739960" authority="Senna, 1903" authorityName="Senna" authorityYear="1903" class="Malacostraca" family="Cystisomatidae" genus="Thaumonectes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="ducis" subSpecies="aprutii">
<emphasis id="BBE9EAFBB720FFF3FB04D00DFDC89963" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Thaumonectes ducis aprutii</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="ED0C4B18B720FFF3FDF9D055FD739960" author="Senna" box="[536,682,1604,1630]" pageId="7" pageNumber="42" refString="Senna, A. (1903) Thaumonectes un nuovo genere di anfipodo iperide del Mare Caraibico. Bulletino della Societa Entomologica Italiana, 35, 93 - 95." type="journal article" year="1903">Senna, 1903</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4E9D4D6AB720FFF3FD02D055FBED9960" authority="Woltereck, 1904" authorityName="Woltereck" authorityYear="1904" box="[739,1076,1604,1630]" class="Malacostraca" family="Cystisomatidae" genus="Physosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="BBE9EAFBB720FFF3FD02D055FCB09963" box="[739,873,1604,1629]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Physosoma</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="ED0C4B18B720FFF3FC8ED055FBED9960" author="Woltereck" box="[879,1076,1604,1630]" pageId="7" pageNumber="43" refString="Woltereck, R. (1904) Zweite mitteilung uber die hyperiden der Deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition. Physosoma, ein neuer pelagischer Laventypus; nebst bernerkungen zur biologie von Thaumatops und Phronima. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 27 (18), 553 - 563." type="journal article" year="1904">Woltereck, 1904</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="892236E9B720FFF3FED9D07DFDF79870" blockId="7.[264,1324,284,1870]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
Six species are recognised in this review including one described as new. All appear to inhabit relatively shallow waters (
<quantity id="4E659B0CB720FFF3FD5BD085FC949990" box="[698,845,1684,1710]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="m" value="600.0" valueMax="1000.0" valueMin="200.0">200­1000 m</quantity>
) of the world’s oceans, tending towards the temperate and tropical regions. Occasionally specimens are caught in surface waters, or are found washed up onshore after storms. Very little is known about their biology. No gelatinous hosts have been recorded and their association with gelatinous plankton remains to be confirmed.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="892236E9B72FFFFCFED9D70DFAF59E60" blockId="8.[264,1324,284,350]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
Because species of
<taxonomicName id="4E9D4D6AB72FFFFCFDD5D70DFD779E0B" box="[564,686,284,309]" class="Malacostraca" family="Cystisomatidae" genus="Cystisoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="BBE9EAFBB72FFFFCFDD5D70DFD779E0B" box="[564,686,284,309]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Cystisoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are very similar morphologically (
<bibRefCitation id="ED0C4B18B72FFFFCFB8CD70DFAC59E08" author="Brusca" box="[1133,1308,284,310]" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" refString="Brusca, G. J. (1981 b) On the anatomy of Cystisoma (Amphipoda: Hyperiidea). Journal of Crustacean Biology, 1, 358 - 375." type="journal article" year="1981" yearSuffix="b">Brusca 1981b</bibRefCitation>
), detailed descriptions are not given, except for the species described here as new to science.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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