219 lines
32 KiB
XML
219 lines
32 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="E150F9EB5E93144E7367DABB063DFA45">Early-Middle Ordovician cephalopods from Ny Friesland, Spitsbergen - a pelagic fauna with Laurentian affinities</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="B0B80C96E7B951ACA6AFE9F52323CDB0">Kröger, Björn</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="C60075810038FEB3D32460C408870CF1">Finnish Museum of Natural History, University of Helsinki, PO Box 44, FI- 00014 Helsinki, Finland.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="C8475B4BB013F1D5E7E7C849F3D2EB85" type="email">bjorn.kroger@helsinki.fi</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="3A79E01CD8C4D1B12DB36D5EC190AF1C">Pohle, Alexander</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="34BDEAE3A80DACFB49C5FF2370D8EA45">Paläontologisches Institut und Museum, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="72FE087B131B5CBBE820C9B68AF8F734" type="email">alexander.pohle@pim.uzh.ch</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="8EE624BE9B8660CD156DC0A2C63497ED">European Journal of Taxonomy</mods:title>
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<subSubSection id="9FF76531FFE7FFE5FDC8797AFBC87CED" box="[542,1046,1646,1673]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="D75236BAFFE7FFE5FDC8797AFBC87CED" blockId="75.[542,1046,1646,1709]" box="[542,1046,1646,1673]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
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<taxonomicName id="10ED4D39FFE7FFE5FDC8797AFBC87CED" authority="Evans & King, 1990" authorityName="Evans & King" authorityYear="1990" box="[542,1046,1646,1673]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Phthanoncoceratidae" genus="Valhalloceras" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Oncocerida" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="floweri">
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<emphasis id="E599EAA8FFE7FFE5FDC8797AFCC37CED" bold="true" box="[542,797,1646,1673]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Valhalloceras floweri</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="B37C4B4BFFE7FFE5FCF2797BFBC87CED" author="Evans D. H. & King A. H." box="[804,1046,1647,1673]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" pagination="623 - 630" refId="ref46134" refString="Evans D. H. & King A. H. 1990. The affinities of early oncocerid nautiloids from the Lower Ordovician of Spitsbergen and Sweden. Palaeontology 33: 623 - 630." type="journal article" year="1990">Evans & King, 1990</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="9FF76531FFE7FFE5FD5E7986FC727CC9" box="[648,940,1682,1709]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" type="description">
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<paragraph id="D75236BAFFE7FFE5FD5E7986FC727CC9" blockId="75.[542,1046,1646,1709]" box="[648,940,1682,1709]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
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<figureCitation id="4FD62A3FFFE7FFE5FD5E7986FCD37CC9" box="[648,781,1682,1709]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="10.[189,232,1530,1556]" captionTargetBox="[245,1345,270,1490]" captionTargetId="figure-13@10.[239,1349,264,1492]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Fig. 5. Cyrtoconic cephalopods from the Olenidsletta Member, Floian, Ordovician, Profilstranda section, Ny Friesland, Spitsbergen. A–C. Lawrenceoceras larus sp. nov., FMNH-P30351, holotype, from bed PO 131. A. Lateral view with siphuncle on left side. B. Ventral view, prosiphuncular side. C. Adoral view of septum and septal perforation.D–E. Lawrenceoceras ebenus sp. nov., FMNH-P30335, holotype, from bed PO 123.3. D. Lateral view with siphuncle on left side. E. Ventral view, prosiphuncular side. F–G. Olenidslettoceras farmi gen. et sp. nov., FMNH-P30334, holotype, from bed PO 123.3. F. Lateral view with siphuncle on left side. G. Ventral view, prosiphuncular side. H–N. Vallhalloceras floweri King & Evans, 1990. H–I. Specimen FMNH-P30337, from bed PO 131. H. Lateral view, siphuncle on right side I. Ventral view, prosiphuncular side. J–L. Specimen FMNH-P30343 from bed PO 123.3, J. Lateral view with siphuncle on left side. K. Ventral view, prosiphuncular side. L. Dorsal view, antisiphuncular side.M–N. Specimen FMNH-P30338 from bed PO 131. M. Lateral view with siphuncle on left side. N. Ventral view, prosiphuncular side. O–Q. Cyclostomiceras profilstrandense sp. nov., specimen FMNH-P30336, from bed PO 123.3. O. Lateral view with siphuncle on left side. P. Ventral view, prosiphuncular side. Q. Dorsal view, antisiphuncular side. Scale bar = 10 mm for all figures." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5793432" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5793432/files/figure.png" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Figs 5H–N</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="4FD62A3FFFE7FFE5FCCE7986FCE37CC8" box="[792,829,1682,1708]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="11.[189,232,1818,1844]" captionTargetBox="[189,1397,974,1778]" captionTargetId="figure-176@11.[189,1398,974,1780]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Fig. 6. Median sections of cyrtoconic cephalopods from the Olenidsletta Member, Floian, Ordovician, Profilstranda section, Ny Friesland, Spitsbergen. A. Lawrenceoceras ebenus sp. nov., FMNH-P30335, holotype, from bed PO 123.3. B. Lawrenceoceras larus sp. nov., FMNH-P30355, paratype, from bed PO 131. C. Vallhalloceras floweri Evans & King, 1990, FMNH-P30340, from bed PO 131. D. Olenidslettoceras farmi gen. et sp. nov., FMNH-P30334, holotype, from bed PO 123.3. Scale bar = 5 mm for all figures." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5793436" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5793436/files/figure.png" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">6C</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="4FD62A3FFFE7FFE5FC9F7986FCB07CC8" box="[841,878,1682,1708]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="13.[189,232,1769,1795]" captionTargetBox="[201,1391,1387,1719]" captionTargetId="figure-363@13.[189,1398,1376,1731]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Fig. 8. Reconstruction and interpretation of details of connecting ring and septal necks in cyrtoconic cephalopods from the Olenidsletta Member, Floian, Ordovician, Profilstranda section, Ny Friesland, Spitsbergen. A. Lawrenceoceras ebenus sp. nov., FMNH-P30335, holotype, see also Fig. 7B. B. Vallhalloceras floweri Evans & King, 1990, FMNH-P30340, see also Fig. 50B. C. Olenidslettoceras farmi gen. et sp. nov.,FMNH-P30334, holotype, see also Fig. 50A.D. Nyfrieslandoceras bassleroceroides gen. et sp. nov., FMNH-P30353, holotype, see also Fig. 49C. Black: septal neck and septum. Dark grey: connecting ring. Light grey: cameral deposits. Without scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5793444" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5793444/files/figure.png" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">8B</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="4FD62A3FFFE7FFE5FCAC7986FC727CC9" box="[890,940,1682,1709]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="74.[189,232,1890,1916]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,945,1852]" captionTargetId="figure-229@74.[189,1398,945,1852]" captionTargetPageId="74" captionText="Fig. 50. Median sections of phragmocones of oncocerids from the Olenidsletta Member, Floian, Ordovician, Profilstranda section, Ny Friesland, Spitsbergen. A. Olenidslettoceras farmi gen. et sp. nov., FMNH-P30334, holotype, from bed PO 123.3, see Fig. 8C for interpretation. B. Vallhalloceras floweri Evans & King, 1990, FMNH-P30340, see Fig. 8B for interpretation. Scale bars = 1 mm for both figures." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5793576" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5793576/files/figure.png" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">50B</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="9FF76531FFE7FFE5FF6B79C7FBBD7C8A" box="[189,1123,1747,1774]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="D75236BAFFE7FFE5FF6B79C7FBBD7C8A" blockId="75.[189,1123,1747,1774]" box="[189,1123,1747,1774]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="F7FD1194FFE7FFE5FF6B79C7FBBD7C8A" box="[189,1123,1747,1774]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
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<treatmentCitation id="564C10ABFFE7FFE5FF6B79C7FCF77C89" author="Evans D. H. & King A. H." box="[189,809,1747,1774]" page="629" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" year="1990">
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<taxonomicName id="10ED4D39FFE7FFE5FF6B79C7FCF77C89" authority="Evans & King, 1990: 628 - 629" authorityName="Evans & King" authorityPageNumber="628 - 629" authorityYear="1990" box="[189,809,1747,1774]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Phthanoncoceratidae" genus="Valhalloceras" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Oncocerida" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="floweri">
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<emphasis id="E599EAA8FFE7FFE5FF6B79C7FE697C89" box="[189,439,1747,1773]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Valhalloceras floweri</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="B37C4B4BFFE7FFE5FE6879C0FCF77C89" author="Evans D. H. & King A. H." box="[446,809,1747,1774]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" pagination="623 - 630" refId="ref46134" refString="Evans D. H. & King A. H. 1990. The affinities of early oncocerid nautiloids from the Lower Ordovician of Spitsbergen and Sweden. Palaeontology 33: 623 - 630." type="journal article" year="1990">Evans & King, 1990: 628–629</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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, pl. 1 figs 5–11, text-fig. 3.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="9FF76531FFE7FFE5FF6B7801FDDD7D3A" box="[189,515,1813,1886]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="D75236BAFFE7FFE5FF6B7801FEE87D4B" blockId="75.[189,310,1813,1839]" box="[189,310,1813,1839]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
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<heading id="8C1A81D6FFE7FFE5FF6B7801FEE87D4B" bold="true" box="[189,310,1813,1839]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" reason="3">
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<emphasis id="E599EAA8FFE7FFE5FF6B7801FEE87D4B" bold="true" box="[189,310,1813,1839]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Diagnosis</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="D75236BAFFE7FFE5FF6B7850FDDD7D3A" blockId="75.[189,515,1859,1886]" box="[189,515,1859,1886]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">As for genus, by monotypy.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<paragraph id="D75236BAFFE0FFE2FF6B7E1CFE747B46" blockId="76.[189,426,264,290]" box="[189,426,264,290]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">
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<heading id="8C1A81D6FFE0FFE2FF6B7E1CFE747B46" bold="true" box="[189,426,264,290]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" reason="3">
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<emphasis id="E599EAA8FFE0FFE2FF6B7E1CFE747B46" bold="true" box="[189,426,264,290]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Material examined</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="D75236BAFFE0FFE2FF6B7E23FE207BDF" blockId="76.[187,1398,311,443]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">
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<materialsCitation id="67853CE7FFE0FFE2FF6B7E23FE207BDF" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3421082331" collectionCode="P" location="Spitsbergen" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" specimenCode="FMNH-P30343, FMNH-P30340, P30346, P30348, P30350" specimenCount="2">
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<specimenCount id="C1EBFD33FFE0FFE2FF6B7E23FEEF7B35" box="[189,305,311,337]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" type="generic">Specimen</specimenCount>
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<specimenCode id="874B9EC1FFE0FFE2FEEE7E23FE2F7B35" box="[312,497,311,337]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">FMNH-P30343</specimenCode>
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from Profilstranda section, adjacent to Hinlopenstretet, Spitsbergen, bed PO 123.3,
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above base of Olenidsletta Member,
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<date id="A353107AFFE0FFE2FCF47E4EFC987B10" box="[802,838,346,372]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">V2</date>
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a trilobite zone, and
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<specimenCode id="874B9EC1FFE0FFE2FB617E4EFAAC7B10" box="[1207,1394,346,372]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">FMNH-P30340</specimenCode>
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,
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<specimenCode id="874B9EC1FFE0FFE2FF6B7E69FEC77BF3" box="[189,281,381,407]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">P30346</specimenCode>
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,
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<specimenCode id="874B9EC1FFE0FFE2FEF27E6AFE5E7BFC" box="[292,384,382,408]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">P30348</specimenCode>
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, and
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<specimenCode id="874B9EC1FFE0FFE2FE6C7E69FDCA7BFC" box="[442,532,381,408]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">P30350</specimenCode>
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from bed PO
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above base of Olenidsletta Member,
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<date id="A353107AFFE0FFE2FB377E69FADB7BF3" box="[1249,1285,381,407]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">V2</date>
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b trilobite zone, Blackhillsian, Floian.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="9FF76531FFE0FFE2FF6B7EF6FAA979CA" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" type="description">
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<paragraph id="D75236BAFFE0FFE2FF6B7EF6FE907B98" blockId="76.[189,334,482,508]" box="[189,334,482,508]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">
|
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<heading id="8C1A81D6FFE0FFE2FF6B7EF6FE907B98" bold="true" box="[189,334,482,508]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="E599EAA8FFE0FFE2FF6B7EF6FE907B98" bold="true" box="[189,334,482,508]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Description</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D75236BAFFE0FFE2FF6B7D05FAA979CA" blockId="76.[188,1401,528,943]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">
|
||
Specimen FMNH-P30343 is the externally most complete specimen (
|
||
<figureCitation id="4FD62A3FFFE0FFE2FC3F7D05FBBE784F" box="[1001,1120,528,555]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="10.[189,232,1530,1556]" captionTargetBox="[245,1345,270,1490]" captionTargetId="figure-13@10.[239,1349,264,1492]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Fig. 5. Cyrtoconic cephalopods from the Olenidsletta Member, Floian, Ordovician, Profilstranda section, Ny Friesland, Spitsbergen. A–C. Lawrenceoceras larus sp. nov., FMNH-P30351, holotype, from bed PO 131. A. Lateral view with siphuncle on left side. B. Ventral view, prosiphuncular side. C. Adoral view of septum and septal perforation.D–E. Lawrenceoceras ebenus sp. nov., FMNH-P30335, holotype, from bed PO 123.3. D. Lateral view with siphuncle on left side. E. Ventral view, prosiphuncular side. F–G. Olenidslettoceras farmi gen. et sp. nov., FMNH-P30334, holotype, from bed PO 123.3. F. Lateral view with siphuncle on left side. G. Ventral view, prosiphuncular side. H–N. Vallhalloceras floweri King & Evans, 1990. H–I. Specimen FMNH-P30337, from bed PO 131. H. Lateral view, siphuncle on right side I. Ventral view, prosiphuncular side. J–L. Specimen FMNH-P30343 from bed PO 123.3, J. Lateral view with siphuncle on left side. K. Ventral view, prosiphuncular side. L. Dorsal view, antisiphuncular side.M–N. Specimen FMNH-P30338 from bed PO 131. M. Lateral view with siphuncle on left side. N. Ventral view, prosiphuncular side. O–Q. Cyclostomiceras profilstrandense sp. nov., specimen FMNH-P30336, from bed PO 123.3. O. Lateral view with siphuncle on left side. P. Ventral view, prosiphuncular side. Q. Dorsal view, antisiphuncular side. Scale bar = 10 mm for all figures." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5793432" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5793432/files/figure.png" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Fig. 5H–I</figureCitation>
|
||
). It is a slightly crushed curved conch with a length of more than
|
||
<quantity id="10159B5FFFE0FFE2FD447D20FD3C782A" box="[658,738,564,590]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" unit="mm" value="30.0">30 mm</quantity>
|
||
which grows from
|
||
<quantity id="10159B5FFFE0FFE2FC177D20FBC7782A" box="[961,1049,564,590]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.3" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" unit="mm" value="7.3">7.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
in height and
|
||
<quantity id="10159B5FFFE0FFE2FB6D7D20FACC782A" box="[1211,1298,564,591]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.5" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" unit="mm" value="9.5">9.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
in width to
|
||
<quantity id="10159B5FFFE0FFE2FF0F7D43FEF57816" box="[217,299,599,626]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" unit="mm" value="10.0">10 mm</quantity>
|
||
in height and
|
||
<quantity id="10159B5FFFE0FFE2FE067D43FDFF7816" box="[464,545,599,626]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" unit="mm" value="14.0">14 mm</quantity>
|
||
in width at a length of
|
||
<quantity id="10159B5FFFE0FFE2FCF87D43FC5E7816" box="[814,896,599,626]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" unit="mm" value="15.0">15 mm</quantity>
|
||
(width expands with 17°, height with 10°). The cross section is depressed (rW: 1.3–1.5) and nearly elliptical at the adapical end of the specimen. The surface is ornamented with irregularly spaced fine growth lines, which run almost transversally at the ventral side and form a shallow broad sinus at the dorsal side. The internal characters of specimen FMNH-P30343 are not preserved. Three specimens with similar relative conch shape (rW: 1.3–1.6) occur in bed PO 131 and are better preserved internally. In specimen FMNH-P30340 from bed PO 131 at the Profilstranda section, the septal necks are orthochoanitic and the connecting rings are thickened and concave (figs 6C, 50B). The septal perforation is
|
||
<quantity id="10159B5FFFE0FFE2FC937C5AFC7F790C" box="[837,929,846,872]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" unit="mm" value="1.7">1.7 mm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter and the connecting ring at approximately midlength between two chambers is
|
||
<quantity id="10159B5FFFE0FFE2FCFA7C65FC5679EF" box="[812,904,881,907]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" unit="mm" value="1.4">1.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter (0.11–0.14 of corresponding conch height). Approximately six chambers occur at a distance similar to the corresponding conch height.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="9FF76531FFE0FFE2FF6B7CC1FBCC7CBA" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="D75236BAFFE0FFE2FF6B7CC1FEF1798B" blockId="76.[189,303,981,1007]" box="[189,303,981,1007]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">
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<heading id="8C1A81D6FFE0FFE2FF6B7CC1FEF1798B" bold="true" box="[189,303,981,1007]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" reason="3">
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||
<emphasis id="E599EAA8FFE0FFE2FF6B7CC1FEF1798B" bold="true" box="[189,303,981,1007]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D75236BAFFE0FFE2FF6B7B10FBCC7CBA" blockId="76.[187,1400,1028,1758]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">
|
||
The
|
||
<typeStatus id="08568818FFE0FFE2FF277B10FEFD7E7A" box="[241,291,1028,1054]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">type</typeStatus>
|
||
specimen of this species comes from a coastal outcrop between Lundehuken and Papegoyneset, adjacent to Hinlopenstretet, from a level near the top of V
|
||
<quantity id="10159B5FFFE0FFE2FCAA7B2EFC787E25" box="[892,934,1063,1096]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.08" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" unit="in" value="2.0">
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<subScript id="4B6934FFFFE0FFE2FCAA7B2EFC5B7E2C" attach="left" box="[892,901,1082,1096]" fontSize="6" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">2</subScript>
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||
in
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
the terminology of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B37C4B4BFFE0FFE2FB4C7B3CFAE37E25" author="Fortey R. A." box="[1178,1341,1063,1090]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" pagination="1 - 113" refId="ref46711" refString="Fortey R. A. 1980. The Ordovician trilobites of Spitsbergen: 3. Remaining trilobites of the Valhalla Formation. Skrifter Norsk Polarinstitutt 171: 1 - 113." type="journal article" year="1980">Fortey (1980)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B37C4B4BFFE0FFE2FF6B7B5FFE787E00" author="Evans D. H. & King A. H." box="[189,422,1098,1125]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" pagination="623 - 630" refId="ref46134" refString="Evans D. H. & King A. H. 1990. The affinities of early oncocerid nautiloids from the Lower Ordovician of Spitsbergen and Sweden. Palaeontology 33: 623 - 630." type="journal article" year="1990">Evans & King 1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). This is only a few kilometers south of the Profilstranda section, and at a level almost identical to beds PO 131, where the majority of our specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="10ED4D39FFE0FFE2FC127B7AFBEC7EE3" authorityName="Evans & King" authorityYear="1990" box="[964,1074,1133,1159]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Phthanoncoceratidae" genus="Valhalloceras" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Oncocerida" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="floweri">
|
||
<emphasis id="E599EAA8FFE0FFE2FC127B7AFBEC7EE3" box="[964,1074,1133,1159]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">V. floweri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were collected (see
|
||
<figureCitation id="4FD62A3FFFE0FFE2FAF77B79FABB7EE3" box="[1313,1381,1133,1159]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[189,232,1783,1809]" captionTargetBox="[216,1395,884,1741]" captionTargetId="figure-174@2.[189,1398,861,1744]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1. The Profilstranda-Olenidsletta Member (PO) section adjacent to Hinlopenstretet, Ny Friesland, Spitsbergen. A. Map of the outcrop area adjacent to Hinlopenstretet (Basissletta area in the north and the Olenidsletta in the south; inset is Svalbard, with Spitsbergen as its largest island). The river names D, and E, and the promontory name F are the same as in Fortey & Bruton (1973: fig. 1) (modified from Kröger et al. 2017). B. Aspect of the PO section from north-northeast. C. Outcrop situation 07/2016, view from bed PO 3 toward the south with middle and upper part of the Olenidsletta Member in the background." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5793424" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5793424/files/figure.png" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B37C4B4BFFE0FFE2FF687B85FE687ECF" author="Evans D. H. & King A. H." box="[190,438,1168,1195]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" pagination="623 - 630" refId="ref46134" refString="Evans D. H. & King A. H. 1990. The affinities of early oncocerid nautiloids from the Lower Ordovician of Spitsbergen and Sweden. Palaeontology 33: 623 - 630." type="journal article" year="1990">Evans & King (1990)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described and discussed
|
||
<taxonomicName id="10ED4D39FFE0FFE2FD007B84FC137ECE" authorityName="Evans & King" authorityYear="1990" box="[726,973,1168,1194]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Phthanoncoceratidae" genus="Valhalloceras" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Oncocerida" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="floweri">
|
||
<emphasis id="E599EAA8FFE0FFE2FD007B84FC137ECE" box="[726,973,1168,1194]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Valhalloceras floweri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in detail based on a single specimen, which expands laterally with an angle of 12° and dorsally with an angle of 19°, and which has a relative conch width (rW) of 1.4. Both values are closely similar to the specimens described herein. The specimens are also almost identical in conch cross section shape, conch curvature, in relative septal spacing and in the shape of the septal necks. However, the only available median section from specimens from our collection shows a siphuncle with contracted segments. This difference can be an effect of different preservation. In the
|
||
<typeStatus id="08568818FFE0FFE2FE7F7A70FE057F1A" box="[425,475,1380,1406]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">type</typeStatus>
|
||
specimen, the septa and partly the connecting rings are strongly recrystallized and partly only traces of the former outlines are preserved (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B37C4B4BFFE0FFE2FC5F7A93FBA37FC5" author="Evans D. H. & King A. H." box="[905,1149,1415,1441]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" pagination="623 - 630" refId="ref46134" refString="Evans D. H. & King A. H. 1990. The affinities of early oncocerid nautiloids from the Lower Ordovician of Spitsbergen and Sweden. Palaeontology 33: 623 - 630." type="journal article" year="1990">Evans & King 1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: pl. 1 figs 8, 10–11). Alternatively, the difference can be true and reflect different growth stages and ontogenetic change, because the figured siphuncle in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="08568818FFE0FFE2FD8F7ADAFD557F8C" box="[601,651,1486,1512]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">type</typeStatus>
|
||
is from a corresponding conch height of ca
|
||
<quantity id="10159B5FFFE0FFE2FBAA7ADAFB1E7F8C" box="[1148,1216,1486,1512]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" unit="mm" value="7.0">7 mm</quantity>
|
||
, compared with the specimen figured herein (
|
||
<figureCitation id="4FD62A3FFFE0FFE2FDDF7AE4FDAE7C6F" box="[521,624,1520,1547]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="74.[189,232,1890,1916]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,945,1852]" captionTargetId="figure-229@74.[189,1398,945,1852]" captionTargetPageId="74" captionText="Fig. 50. Median sections of phragmocones of oncocerids from the Olenidsletta Member, Floian, Ordovician, Profilstranda section, Ny Friesland, Spitsbergen. A. Olenidslettoceras farmi gen. et sp. nov., FMNH-P30334, holotype, from bed PO 123.3, see Fig. 8C for interpretation. B. Vallhalloceras floweri Evans & King, 1990, FMNH-P30340, see Fig. 8B for interpretation. Scale bars = 1 mm for both figures." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5793576" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5793576/files/figure.png" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Fig. 50B</figureCitation>
|
||
) with a corresponding conch height of ca
|
||
<quantity id="10159B5FFFE0FFE2FB9B7AE5FB7F7C6F" box="[1101,1185,1521,1547]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" unit="mm" value="14.0">14 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Depending on the interpretation of the differences, the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="10ED4D39FFE0FFE2FD637900FC8B7C4A" authorityName="Evans & King" authorityYear="1990" box="[693,853,1556,1582]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Phthanoncoceratidae" genus="Valhalloceras" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Oncocerida" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E599EAA8FFE0FFE2FD637900FC8B7C4A" box="[693,853,1556,1582]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Valhalloceras</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has tubular to concave or exclusively concave segments, respectively. In the former interpretation the genus would be transitional between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="10ED4D39FFE0FFE2FB247923FAA67C35" authorityName="Flower" authorityYear="1950" box="[1266,1400,1591,1617]" class="Cephalopoda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Oncocerida" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" phylum="Mollusca" rank="order">Oncocerida</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="10ED4D39FFE0FFE2FF39794EFE727C10" authorityName="Flower" authorityYear="1950" box="[239,428,1626,1652]" class="Cephalopoda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ellesmerocerida" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" phylum="Mollusca" rank="order">Ellesmerocerida</taxonomicName>
|
||
and in the latter it would be a bassleroceratid, similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="10ED4D39FFE0FFE2FB9E794FFAD87C10" authorityName="Ulrich, Foerste, Miller & Unklesbay" authorityYear="1944" box="[1096,1286,1627,1652]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Bassleroceratidae" genus="Lawrenceoceras" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ellesmerocerida" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E599EAA8FFE0FFE2FB9E794FFAD87C10" box="[1096,1286,1627,1652]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Lawrenceoceras</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but with orthochoanitic, instead of loxochoanitic septal necks. More material is needed to definitively solve this problem. Here we place the genus provisionally within the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="10ED4D39FFE0FFE2FCB079B4FB857CDE" authorityName="Evans & King" authorityYear="1990" box="[870,1115,1696,1722]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Phthanoncoceratidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetrabranchia" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" phylum="Mollusca" rank="family">Phthanoncoceratidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, because the presence of tubular connecting rings during early growth stages is assumed to be real.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |