306 lines
39 KiB
XML
306 lines
39 KiB
XML
<document id="6D8AEBA8FAF636687B713D8D1020095A" ID-CLB-Dataset="2884" ID-DOI="10.5852/ejt.2021.783.1601" ID-GBIF-Dataset="aa9de9bf-dea4-4321-a51d-6c4f1f55032d" ID-ISSN="2118-9773" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5793422" ID-ZooBank="071EAD63-05ED-4D6C-AC45-8719E6D79E0B" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1640009482758" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Kröger, Björn & Pohle, Alexander" docDate="2021" docId="5F4487ACFFBFFFB8FDFB7816FBB67907" docLanguage="en" docName="ejt-783_1-102.pdf" docOrigin="European Journal of Taxonomy 783 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.783.1601" docStyle="DocumentStyle:EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911.14:EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleId="EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911" docStyleName="EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Ethanoceras solitudines Kröger & Pohle 2021, gen. et sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="6627FF29-392E-46AF-89AC-D4528B10385A" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="13" lastPageNumber="23" masterDocId="A37DFFD4FFACFFAEFFD67F14FFDE7A64" masterDocTitle="Early-Middle Ordovician cephalopods from Ny Friesland, Spitsbergen - a pelagic fauna with Laurentian affinities" masterLastPageNumber="102" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="20" updateTime="1701997144043" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:title id="F79CFCBDC281D0B74BD184B073827C55">Early-Middle Ordovician cephalopods from Ny Friesland, Spitsbergen - a pelagic fauna with Laurentian affinities</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="0544F6852BCA5BD0B0F3437FD5352340">Kröger, Björn</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="3F9B3A60EA45E700881F474F468BD668">Finnish Museum of Natural History, University of Helsinki, PO Box 44, FI- 00014 Helsinki, Finland.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="2BD5D00FA05372D895C8FEC90367C22F" type="email">bjorn.kroger@helsinki.fi</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="AC561F7EA281E7781E198E2673D51095">Pohle, Alexander</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="066B6A261C9689E9C0CC16F0E83198D8">Paläontologisches Institut und Museum, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="5E76B0C5AC54D15800B4FB23017D6C8F" type="email">alexander.pohle@pim.uzh.ch</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="D7B9B62285F197FF9073FD55C6F5482B">European Journal of Taxonomy</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="954205BEBFF0C1EC9F070E44E05F0B42">2021</mods:date>
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<treatment id="5F4487ACFFBFFFB8FDFB7816FBB67907" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5794381" ID-GBIF-Taxon="191693629" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5794381" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:6627FF29-392E-46AF-89AC-D4528B10385A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/5F4487ACFFBFFFB8FDFB7816FBB67907" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="23" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
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<subSubSection id="9FF76531FFBFFFBDFDFB7816FBD97D79" box="[557,1031,1794,1821]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="D75236BAFFBFFFBDFDFB7816FBD97D79" blockId="19.[372,1218,1794,1891]" box="[557,1031,1794,1821]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
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<heading id="8C1A81D6FFBFFFBDFDFB7816FBD97D79" box="[557,1031,1794,1821]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="10ED4D39FFBFFFBDFDFB7816FC917D79" authority="Kröger & Pohle, 2021" authorityName="Kröger & Pohle" authorityYear="2021" box="[557,847,1794,1821]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Rioceratidae" genus="Ethanoceras" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetrabranchia" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="solitudines" status="gen. et sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="E599EAA8FFBFFFBDFDFB7816FC917D79" bold="true" box="[557,847,1794,1821]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Ethanoceras solitudines</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="FEAA57D3FFBFFFBDFC817817FBD97D79" box="[855,1031,1795,1821]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" rank="species">gen. et sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="9FF76531FFBFFFBDFEA27831FC677D06" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="description">
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<paragraph id="D75236BAFFBFFFBDFEA27831FB1C7D24" blockId="19.[372,1218,1794,1891]" box="[372,1218,1829,1856]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
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<uri id="A37C3AB8FFBFFFBDFEA27831FB1C7D24" box="[372,1218,1829,1856]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
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urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:
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<uuid id="A34B0C6FFFBFFFBDFD597831FB1C7D24" box="[655,1218,1829,1856]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">6627FF29-392E-46AF-89AC-D4528B10385A</uuid>
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</uri>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="D75236BAFFBFFFBDFDAB785CFC677D06" blockId="19.[372,1218,1794,1891]" box="[637,953,1864,1891]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
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<figureCitation id="4FD62A3FFFBFFFBDFDAB785CFD3F7D07" box="[637,737,1864,1891]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="22.[189,232,1536,1562]" captionTargetId="figure-11@21.[189,1398,272,2011]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Fig. 12 (previous page). Apical parts of orthoconic cephalopods from the Olenidsletta Member, Floian, Ordovician, near Hinlopenstretet, Ny Friesland, Spitsbergen. A. Cyptendoceras sp. B., FMNH-P30472 from Profilbekken river basin, locality PR-phosphatic. Lateral view with siphuncle toward the left. B. Svalbardoceras sterna gen. et sp. nov, FMNH-P30169, from PO 7.5. Lateral view with siphuncle toward left. C, F–G. Eosomichelinoceras borealis sp. nov. C. Specimen FMNH-P30171, from bed PO 123.3. Lateral view with prosiphuncular side toward the right. D. Bactroceras fluvii sp. nov., FMNH-P30168, from Profilbekken river basin, locality PR-phosphatic, showing the ventral side with ventral sutural lobe. E, H, J. Bactroceras boliviensis Aubrechtová, 2015 from bed PO 131. E. Specimen FMNH-P30165, nearly dorsal view, showing the transition of the extreme apical part toward the juvenile part of the conch. F. Specimen FMNH-P30182, lateral view with siphuncle toward the right. G. Specimen FMNH-P30184, lateral view with siphuncle toward the left. H. Specimen FMNH-P30183, apical view, showing the smooth apical surface of the protoconch. I. Ethanoceras solitudines gen. et sp. nov., FMNH-P30173, from bed PO 123.3, note the fine transverse striation. J. FMNH-P30160, showing details of fine transverse ornamentation. Scale bar = 2 mm for all figures." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5794307" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5794307/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Figs 12I</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="4FD62A3FFFBFFFBDFD3A785DFCFF7D07" box="[748,801,1865,1891]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="23.[189,232,1812,1838]" captionTargetBox="[201,1394,1216,1772]" captionTargetId="figure-239@23.[189,1398,1216,1772]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Fig. 13. Details of the conch surface of transversally ornamented orthocones from the Olenidsletta Member, Floian, Ordovician, Profilstranda section, Ny Friesland, Spitsbergen. A. Ethanoceras solitudines gen. et sp. nov., FMNH-P30383, holotype, from bed PO 131. B. Eosomichelinoceras borealis sp. nov., FMNH-P30279, holotype, from bed PO 123.3. C. Bactroceras boliviensis Aubrechtová, 2015, FMNH-P30232, from bed PO 131, conch section with nearly cyclic spacing of transverse striae. Scale bar = 10 mm for all figures." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5793460" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5793460/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">13A</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="4FD62A3FFFBFFFBDFCF8785CFCA47D07" box="[814,890,1864,1891]" captionStart-0="Fig" captionStart-1="Fig" captionStartId-0="24.[191,234,1916,1942]" captionStartId-1="25.[189,232,1856,1882]" captionTargetBox-0="[192,1395,1517,1843]" captionTargetBox-1="[194,1398,1294,1818]" captionTargetId-0="figure-300@24.[189,1398,1511,1851]" captionTargetId-1="figure-216@25.[189,1399,1294,1818]" captionTargetPageId-0="24" captionTargetPageId-1="25" captionText-0="Fig. 14. Diagrams of angle of expansion, relative chamber length, and relative position of siphuncle of Ethanoceras solitudines gen. et sp. nov. from the Olenidsletta Member, Floian, Ordovician, Profilstranda section, Ny Friesland, Spitsbergen. See Supp. file 1, for details of measurements." captionText-1="Fig. 15. Median sections of phragmocones of Ethanoceras solitudines gen. et sp. nov. from from bed PO 123.3, Olenidsletta Member, Floian, Ordovician, Profilstranda section, Ny Friesland, Spitsbergen. A. Specimen FMNH-P30394. B. Specimen FMNH-P30406. C. Specimen FMNH-P30395, oblique section roughly dorsal-ventrally oriented with ventral side directed toward the left. Scale bar = 1 mm for all figures." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5793466" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5793468" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/5793466/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/5793468/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">14–15</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="4FD62A3FFFBFFFBDFC50785CFC677D06" box="[902,953,1864,1890]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="26.[189,232,1780,1806]" captionTargetBox="[197,1386,1251,1742]" captionTargetId="figure-241@26.[189,1398,1251,1742]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Fig. 16. Reconstruction and interpretation of details of connecting ring and septal necks in rioceratid cephalopods from the Olenidsletta Member, Floian, Ordovician, Profilstranda section, Ny Friesland, Spitsbergen. A. Ethanoceras solitudines gen. et sp. nov., FMNH-P30406, see Fig. 15B.B. Svalbardoceras skua gen. et sp. nov., FMNH-P30274, see Fig. 23F. C–D. Svalbardoceras sterna gen. et. sp. nov., note variability of septal neck shape, which is interpreted as an effect of poor preservation. C. Specimen, FMNH-P30368, see Fig. 23G. D. Specimen, FMNH-P30371, see Fig. 23E. Black: septal neck and septum. Dark grey: connecting ring. Without scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5793472" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5793472/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">16A</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="9FF76531FFBFFFBDFF6B789EFD9A7DB7" box="[189,580,1930,2003]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="D75236BAFFBFFFBDFF6B789EFEE87DC0" blockId="19.[189,310,1930,1956]" box="[189,310,1930,1956]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
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<heading id="8C1A81D6FFBFFFBDFF6B789EFEE87DC0" bold="true" box="[189,310,1930,1956]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" reason="3">
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<emphasis id="E599EAA8FFBFFFBDFF6B789EFEE87DC0" bold="true" box="[189,310,1930,1956]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Diagnosis</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="D75236BAFFBFFFBDFF6B78ADFD9A7DB7" blockId="19.[189,580,1976,2003]" box="[189,580,1976,2003]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Same as for genus, by monotypy.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="9FF76531FFB8FFBAFF6B7E1DFD457B35" box="[189,667,265,338]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="D75236BAFFB8FFBAFF6B7E1DFE9A7B47" blockId="20.[189,324,265,291]" box="[189,324,265,291]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
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<heading id="8C1A81D6FFB8FFBAFF6B7E1DFE9A7B47" bold="true" box="[189,324,265,291]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" reason="3">
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<emphasis id="E599EAA8FFB8FFBAFF6B7E1DFE9A7B47" bold="true" box="[189,324,265,291]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Etymology</emphasis>
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||
</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="D75236BAFFB8FFBAFF6B7E2CFD457B35" blockId="20.[189,667,311,338]" box="[189,667,311,338]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
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||
From the Latin ‘
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<emphasis id="E599EAA8FFB8FFBAFEA87E23FE2C7B35" box="[382,498,311,337]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">solitudine</emphasis>
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’, ‘loneliness’.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="9FF76531FFB8FFBAFF6B7E6DFCEF790D" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="D75236BAFFB8FFBAFF6B7E6DFEB27BF6" blockId="20.[189,364,376,403]" box="[189,364,376,403]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
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||
<heading id="8C1A81D6FFB8FFBAFF6B7E6DFEB27BF6" bold="true" box="[189,364,376,403]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" reason="3">
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<emphasis id="E599EAA8FFB8FFBAFF6B7E6DFEB27BF6" bold="true" box="[189,364,376,403]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Type material</emphasis>
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||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="D75236BAFFB8FFBAFF3C7EB3FE267B80" blockId="20.[189,504,423,484]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="67853CE7FFB8FFBAFF3C7EB3FE267B80" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3421082339" collectionCode="FMNH-P" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" specimenCode="FMNH-P30383" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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||
<emphasis id="E599EAA8FFB8FFBAFF3C7EB3FE827BA5" bold="true" box="[234,348,423,449]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
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||
<typeStatus id="08568818FFB8FFBAFF3C7EB3FE827BA5" box="[234,348,423,449]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<specimenCount id="C1EBFD33FFB8FFBAFF6B7EDEFEEF7B80" box="[189,305,458,484]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="generic">Specimen</specimenCount>
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||
<specimenCode id="874B9EC1FFB8FFBAFEEE7EDEFE2A7B80" box="[312,500,458,484]" collectionCode="FMNH-P" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">FMNH-P30383</specimenCode>
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||
.
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||
</materialsCitation>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="D75236BAFFB8FFBAFF3C7D18FC9578B2" blockId="20.[189,1398,524,726]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="67853CE7FFB8FFBAFF3C7D18FC9678B2" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3421082337" collectionCode="P" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" specimenCode="P20265, P30191, P30384, P30404, P30406, P30433, P30435, P30436, FMNH-P30173, P30174, P30192, P30423, P30463" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
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||
<emphasis id="E599EAA8FFB8FFBAFF3C7D18FEB97842" bold="true" box="[234,359,524,550]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
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||
<typeStatus id="08568818FFB8FFBAFF3C7D18FEB97842" box="[234,359,524,550]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
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||
</emphasis>
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||
<specimenCount id="C1EBFD33FFB8FFBAFF6B7D3BFE0D782D" box="[189,467,559,585]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Twenty-five specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
(
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||
<specimenCode id="874B9EC1FFB8FFBAFE3F7D3BFD99782E" box="[489,583,559,586]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">P20265</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCode id="874B9EC1FFB8FFBAFD8C7D3BFD69782D" box="[602,695,559,585]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">P30191</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCode id="874B9EC1FFB8FFBAFD1C7D3BFCFA782D" box="[714,804,559,585]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">P30384</specimenCode>
|
||
to
|
||
<specimenCode id="874B9EC1FFB8FFBAFC817D3BFC6A782D" box="[855,948,559,585]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">P30404</specimenCode>
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||
,
|
||
<specimenCode id="874B9EC1FFB8FFBAFC107D3BFBFD782D" box="[966,1059,559,585]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">P30406</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCode id="874B9EC1FFB8FFBAFBE07D3BFB4D782D" box="[1078,1171,559,585]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">P30433</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCode id="874B9EC1FFB8FFBAFB737D3BFADC782E" box="[1189,1282,559,586]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">P30435</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCode id="874B9EC1FFB8FFBAFAC37D3BFAAC782D" box="[1301,1394,559,585]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">P30436</specimenCode>
|
||
; see Supp. file 1 for list of specimens):
|
||
<locationDeviation id="C6E02F98FFB8FFBAFD4C7D47FD2578EB" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">twenty-two from bed PO 123.3, and three from bed PO 131 Profilbekken section, adjacent to Hinlopenstretet</locationDeviation>
|
||
;
|
||
<locationDeviation id="C6E02F98FFB8FFBAFCD07D61FB7D78D6" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
120.3 and
|
||
<quantity id="10159B5FFFB8FFBAFC567D61FC1478F4" box="[896,970,629,656]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.28" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" unit="m" value="128.0">128 m</quantity>
|
||
above base of Olenidsletta Member,
|
||
<date id="A353107AFFB8FFBAFF6B7D8DFF3F78D7" box="[189,225,665,691]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">V2</date>
|
||
trilobite zone, Blackhillsian, late Floian. Five additional microscopic specimens
|
||
</locationDeviation>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCode id="874B9EC1FFB8FFBAFB637D8DFAAC78D7" box="[1205,1394,665,691]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">FMNH-P30173</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCode id="874B9EC1FFB8FFBAFF697DA8FEC278B2" box="[191,284,700,726]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">P30174</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCode id="874B9EC1FFB8FFBAFEF17DA8FE5A78B2" box="[295,388,700,726]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">P30192</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCode id="874B9EC1FFB8FFBAFE467DA8FE3278B2" box="[400,492,700,726]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">P30423</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCode id="874B9EC1FFB8FFBAFE2E7DAFFD8A78B2" box="[504,596,699,726]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">P30463</specimenCode>
|
||
) from bed PO 123.3
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D75236BAFFB8FFBAFF6B7DE9FE257973" blockId="20.[189,507,765,791]" box="[189,507,765,791]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<heading id="8C1A81D6FFB8FFBAFF6B7DE9FE257973" bold="true" box="[189,507,765,791]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="E599EAA8FFB8FFBAFF6B7DE9FE257973" bold="true" box="[189,507,765,791]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Type locality and horizon</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D75236BAFFB8FFBAFF6B7C38FCEF790D" blockId="20.[189,1399,812,873]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
Profilstranda section, adjacent to Hinlopenstretet, bed
|
||
<collectionCode id="B1FCAE7FFFB8FFBAFC8B7C38FC5C7922" box="[861,898,812,838]" country="Russia" name="Collection of the Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">PO</collectionCode>
|
||
<quantity id="10159B5FFFB8FFBAFC467C38FBFF7922" box="[912,1057,812,838]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3112799999999998" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" unit="m" value="131128.0">131, 128 m</quantity>
|
||
above base of Olenidsletta Member,
|
||
<collectionCode id="B1FCAE7FFFB8FFBAFEFB7C5BFE9D790D" box="[301,323,847,873]" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
|
||
2 trilobite zone, Blackhillsian, late Floian.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="9FF76531FFB8FFB8FF6B7C84FE807BD4" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="23" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="D75236BAFFB8FFBAFF6B7C84FE9079CE" blockId="20.[189,334,912,938]" box="[189,334,912,938]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<heading id="8C1A81D6FFB8FFBAFF6B7C84FE9079CE" bold="true" box="[189,334,912,938]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="E599EAA8FFB8FFBAFF6B7C84FE9079CE" bold="true" box="[189,334,912,938]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Description</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D75236BAFFB8FFBAFF6B7CABFC7D7E02" blockId="20.[188,1399,959,1126]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
The
|
||
<typeStatus id="08568818FFB8FFBAFF277CABFE8679BD" box="[241,344,959,985]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
is a
|
||
<quantity id="10159B5FFFB8FFBAFE5B7CABFE0179BD" box="[397,479,959,985]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" unit="mm" value="40.0">40 mm</quantity>
|
||
long orthoconic fragment of a phragmocone with a diameter of
|
||
<quantity id="10159B5FFFB8FFBAFB1D7CABFA8579BD" box="[1227,1371,959,985]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.75" metricValueMax="6.1" metricValueMin="3.4" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" unit="mm" value="4.75" valueMax="6.1" valueMin="3.4">3.4–6.1 mm</quantity>
|
||
; it has a circular conch cross section and an apical angle of ca 4°. This is similar in the entire sample. The total sample has a circular conch cross section and a mean angle of expansion of 4° (1
|
||
<superScript id="20989BF2FFB8FFBAFB197B11FB047E77" attach="none" box="[1231,1242,1029,1043]" fontSize="6" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">st</superScript>
|
||
–3
|
||
<superScript id="20989BF2FFB8FFBAFB2E7B10FAD87E76" attach="left" box="[1272,1286,1028,1042]" fontSize="6" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">rd</superScript>
|
||
quantile: 3°–5°; n = 10) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="4FD62A3FFFB8FFBAFEA67B3CFE187E26" box="[368,454,1064,1090]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="24.[191,234,1916,1942]" captionTargetBox="[192,1395,1517,1843]" captionTargetId="figure-300@24.[189,1398,1511,1851]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="Fig. 14. Diagrams of angle of expansion, relative chamber length, and relative position of siphuncle of Ethanoceras solitudines gen. et sp. nov. from the Olenidsletta Member, Floian, Ordovician, Profilstranda section, Ny Friesland, Spitsbergen. See Supp. file 1, for details of measurements." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5793466" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5793466/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
|
||
). The angle of expansion continuously decreases with growth and with maximum values in those fragments with the smallest diameters (
|
||
<figureCitation id="4FD62A3FFFB8FFBAFCE87B5FFC487E02" box="[830,918,1099,1126]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="24.[191,234,1916,1942]" captionTargetBox="[192,1395,1517,1843]" captionTargetId="figure-300@24.[189,1398,1511,1851]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="Fig. 14. Diagrams of angle of expansion, relative chamber length, and relative position of siphuncle of Ethanoceras solitudines gen. et sp. nov. from the Olenidsletta Member, Floian, Ordovician, Profilstranda section, Ny Friesland, Spitsbergen. See Supp. file 1, for details of measurements." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5793466" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5793466/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D75236BAFFB8FFBAFF6B7B99FAE77EAF" blockId="20.[189,1399,1165,1227]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
The conch surface is ornamented with very fine but distinctive, narrowly and irregularly spaced striae (
|
||
<figureCitation id="4FD62A3FFFB8FFBAFF107BA4FEED7EAE" box="[198,307,1200,1226]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="23.[189,232,1812,1838]" captionTargetBox="[201,1394,1216,1772]" captionTargetId="figure-239@23.[189,1398,1216,1772]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Fig. 13. Details of the conch surface of transversally ornamented orthocones from the Olenidsletta Member, Floian, Ordovician, Profilstranda section, Ny Friesland, Spitsbergen. A. Ethanoceras solitudines gen. et sp. nov., FMNH-P30383, holotype, from bed PO 131. B. Eosomichelinoceras borealis sp. nov., FMNH-P30279, holotype, from bed PO 123.3. C. Bactroceras boliviensis Aubrechtová, 2015, FMNH-P30232, from bed PO 131, conch section with nearly cyclic spacing of transverse striae. Scale bar = 10 mm for all figures." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5793460" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5793460/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Fig. 13A</figureCitation>
|
||
). In the
|
||
<typeStatus id="08568818FFB8FFBAFE447BA4FE277EAE" box="[402,505,1200,1226]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
ca 10–12 striae occur per one millimeter; these are directly transverse.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D75236BAFFB8FFBAFF6B7BE6FC557C66" blockId="20.[186,1399,1266,1539]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
The relative chamber length (rCL) varies between 0.3 and
|
||
<quantity id="10159B5FFFB8FFBAFCA07BE6FC647F68" box="[886,954,1266,1292]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.524" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" unit="in" value="0.6">0.6 in</quantity>
|
||
the macroscopic specimens and is ca
|
||
<quantity id="10159B5FFFB8FFBAFF687A01FECC7F4B" box="[190,274,1301,1328]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.397" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" unit="in" value="0.55">0.55 in</quantity>
|
||
the
|
||
<typeStatus id="08568818FFB8FFBAFE9C7A01FE6F7F4B" box="[330,433,1301,1327]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="4FD62A3FFFB8FFBAFE157A01FDC07F4B" box="[451,542,1301,1327]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="24.[191,234,1916,1942]" captionTargetBox="[192,1395,1517,1843]" captionTargetId="figure-300@24.[189,1398,1511,1851]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="Fig. 14. Diagrams of angle of expansion, relative chamber length, and relative position of siphuncle of Ethanoceras solitudines gen. et sp. nov. from the Olenidsletta Member, Floian, Ordovician, Profilstranda section, Ny Friesland, Spitsbergen. See Supp. file 1, for details of measurements." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5793466" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5793466/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
|
||
). The microscopic fragments have relative chamber lengths of 0.6–0.8, indicating a decrease in rCL during ontogeny. The siphuncle is positioned between the conch center and conch margin with a rSP of 0.08–0.12, except in the fragments with the smallest diameter preserved, where the maximum rSP is 0.18 at a conch diameter of
|
||
<quantity id="10159B5FFFB8FFBAFD3D7A6BFC9A7FFD" box="[747,836,1407,1433]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" unit="mm" value="2.2">2.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
(specimen FMNH-P30463). The measurements indicate a slight shift of the siphuncle from more detached positions in early growth stages toward more marginal positions in later growth stages. The relative diameter of the septal perforation (rSD) varies between 0.16 and 0.21; it is ca
|
||
<quantity id="10159B5FFFB8FFBAFDFD7AFCFDA37C66" box="[555,637,1512,1538]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.064" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" unit="in" value="0.16">0.16 in</quantity>
|
||
the
|
||
<typeStatus id="08568818FFB8FFBAFD797AFCFCC87C66" box="[687,790,1512,1538]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="4FD62A3FFFB8FFBAFCF07AFCFCA07C66" box="[806,894,1512,1538]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="24.[191,234,1916,1942]" captionTargetBox="[192,1395,1517,1843]" captionTargetId="figure-300@24.[189,1398,1511,1851]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="Fig. 14. Diagrams of angle of expansion, relative chamber length, and relative position of siphuncle of Ethanoceras solitudines gen. et sp. nov. from the Olenidsletta Member, Floian, Ordovician, Profilstranda section, Ny Friesland, Spitsbergen. See Supp. file 1, for details of measurements." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5793466" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5793466/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D75236BAFFB8FFBAFF6B793DFDDA7C97" blockId="20.[188,1400,1577,1780]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
The septal necks are uniquely shaped and relatively long: in specimens FMNH-P30395 and FMNH-P30394, where the conch diameter is ca
|
||
<quantity id="10159B5FFFB8FFBAFD3A7958FCEC7C03" box="[748,818,1612,1639]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
|
||
, the septal perforation is
|
||
<quantity id="10159B5FFFB8FFBAFB847959FB737C03" box="[1106,1197,1613,1639]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" unit="mm" value="0.8">0.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
, and the chamber length is ca
|
||
<quantity id="10159B5FFFB8FFBAFE987964FE737CEE" box="[334,429,1648,1674]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" unit="mm" value="1.8">1.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
, the length of the septal neck is
|
||
<quantity id="10159B5FFFB8FFBAFCE47964FC147CEE" box="[818,970,1648,1675]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" unit="mm" value="0.45" valueMax="0.5" valueMin="0.4">0. 4–0.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
(0.2–0.3 of corresponding chamber length). The necks are s-shaped at the dorsal (toward the conch center) side of the connecting ring and have a loxochoanitic distal tip (
|
||
<figureCitation id="4FD62A3FFFB8FFBAFDFC79A2FD5A7CB5" box="[554,644,1718,1745]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="25.[189,232,1856,1882]" captionTargetBox="[194,1398,1294,1818]" captionTargetId="figure-216@25.[189,1399,1294,1818]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Fig. 15. Median sections of phragmocones of Ethanoceras solitudines gen. et sp. nov. from from bed PO 123.3, Olenidsletta Member, Floian, Ordovician, Profilstranda section, Ny Friesland, Spitsbergen. A. Specimen FMNH-P30394. B. Specimen FMNH-P30406. C. Specimen FMNH-P30395, oblique section roughly dorsal-ventrally oriented with ventral side directed toward the left. Scale bar = 1 mm for all figures." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5793468" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5793468/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Figs 15</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="4FD62A3FFFB8FFBAFD4679A2FD187CB5" box="[656,710,1718,1745]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="26.[189,232,1780,1806]" captionTargetBox="[197,1386,1251,1742]" captionTargetId="figure-241@26.[189,1398,1251,1742]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Fig. 16. Reconstruction and interpretation of details of connecting ring and septal necks in rioceratid cephalopods from the Olenidsletta Member, Floian, Ordovician, Profilstranda section, Ny Friesland, Spitsbergen. A. Ethanoceras solitudines gen. et sp. nov., FMNH-P30406, see Fig. 15B.B. Svalbardoceras skua gen. et sp. nov., FMNH-P30274, see Fig. 23F. C–D. Svalbardoceras sterna gen. et. sp. nov., note variability of septal neck shape, which is interpreted as an effect of poor preservation. C. Specimen, FMNH-P30368, see Fig. 23G. D. Specimen, FMNH-P30371, see Fig. 23E. Black: septal neck and septum. Dark grey: connecting ring. Without scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5793472" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5793472/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">16A</figureCitation>
|
||
). At the ventral (toward the conch margin) and lateral sides the necks are loxochoanitic.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D75236BAFFB8FFBAFF6B780FFCE67D1F" blockId="20.[188,1399,1819,1916]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
The connecting ring is relatively thick. Where the siphuncle is
|
||
<quantity id="10159B5FFFB8FFBAFC49780FFC277D51" box="[927,1017,1819,1845]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" unit="mm" value="0.8">0.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter, the thickness of the connecting ring is ca
|
||
<quantity id="10159B5FFFB8FFBAFE60782AFDC07D3D" box="[438,542,1854,1881]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" unit="mm" value="0.13">0.13 mm</quantity>
|
||
and it is slightly s-shaped, with the maximum diameter of the connecting ring segment within the adapical third of the chamber.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D75236BAFFB8FFB8FF6B78B7FE807BD4" blockId="20.[189,1399,1955,2016]" lastBlockId="22.[188,1399,265,432]" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="23" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
The protoconch is preserved in specimen FMNH-P30173, a slightly curved fragment with a length of
|
||
<quantity id="10159B5FFFB8FFBAFF6878D2FEDE7D84" box="[190,256,1990,2016]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" unit="mm" value="8.0">8 mm</quantity>
|
||
which shows traces of a very fine transverse striation at its adoral end. The protoconch is spherical with a diameter of
|
||
<quantity id="10159B5FFFBAFFB8FE4E7E1DFE2C7B47" box="[408,498,265,291]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="mm" value="0.9">0.9 mm</quantity>
|
||
and distinguished from the shaft by a distinctive constriction with a diameter of
|
||
<quantity id="10159B5FFFBAFFB8FF0B7E38FEE57B23" box="[221,315,300,327]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="mm" value="0.8">0.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
. The maximum diameter of the fragment is ca
|
||
<quantity id="10159B5FFFBAFFB8FCB07E38FC1D7B23" box="[870,963,300,327]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="mm" value="1.4">1.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
. The chamber lengths are difficult to evaluate, but apparently the first two or three chambers have a length of
|
||
<quantity id="10159B5FFFBAFFB8FBDB7E5BFB437B0E" box="[1037,1181,335,362]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="mm" value="0.55" valueMax="0.6" valueMin="0.5">0.5–0.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
, the fifth and sixth chambers are shortened, with a distance of
|
||
<quantity id="10159B5FFFBAFFB8FD667E66FCE27BE9" box="[688,828,370,397]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="mm" value="0.45" valueMax="0.5" valueMin="0.4">0.4–0.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
only, and the subsequent chambers have a length of ca
|
||
<quantity id="10159B5FFFBAFFB8FF2B7E82FE847BD4" box="[253,346,406,432]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="mm" value="0.7">0.7 mm</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="9FF76531FFBAFFB8FF6B7EC3FD4D7897" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="D75236BAFFBAFFB8FF6B7EC3FEF17B95" blockId="22.[189,303,471,497]" box="[189,303,471,497]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
<heading id="8C1A81D6FFBAFFB8FF6B7EC3FEF17B95" bold="true" box="[189,303,471,497]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="E599EAA8FFBAFFB8FF6B7EC3FEF17B95" bold="true" box="[189,303,471,497]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D75236BAFFBAFFB8FF6B7D12FD4D7897" blockId="22.[188,1401,518,755]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
The single apical fragment with a protoconch preserved can be assigned to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="10ED4D39FFBAFFB8FBF27D12FAE37844" authorityName="Kröger & Pohle" authorityYear="2021" box="[1060,1341,518,544]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Rioceratidae" genus="Ethanoceras" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetrabranchia" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="solitudines">
|
||
<emphasis id="E599EAA8FFBAFFB8FBF27D12FAE37844" box="[1060,1341,518,544]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Ethanoceras solitudines</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
gen. et. sp. nov. because several fragments of this species exist which preserve intermediate growth stages from different individuals. These pieces can be assembled together, helping to reconstruct the complete early growth of this species. The early growth stages are very similar to those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="10ED4D39FFBAFFB8FB5E7D64FAA978ED" box="[1160,1399,623,649]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Bactritidae" genus="Bactrites" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Bactritida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="boliviensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="E599EAA8FFBAFFB8FB5E7D64FAA978ED" box="[1160,1399,623,649]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Bactrites boliviensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in general shape and dimensions, and differ mainly in having a higher rate of expansion at sections just adoral to the protoconch (the shaft), where
|
||
<taxonomicName id="10ED4D39FFBAFFB8FD1F7DA3FCB778B4" box="[713,873,694,720]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Bactritidae" genus="Bactrites" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Bactritida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="boliviensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="E599EAA8FFBAFFB8FD1F7DA3FCB778B4" box="[713,873,694,720]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">B. boliviensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is almost tubular and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="10ED4D39FFBAFFB8FBAC7DA3FAC278B4" authority="Kröger & Pohle, 2021" authorityName="Kröger & Pohle" authorityYear="2021" box="[1146,1308,694,720]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Rioceratidae" genus="Ethanoceras" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetrabranchia" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="solitudines" status="gen. et sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="E599EAA8FFBAFFB8FBAC7DA3FAC278B4" box="[1146,1308,694,720]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">E. solitudines</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="FEAA57D3FFBAFFB8FAF07DA2FEC67897" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" rank="species">gen. et sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
grows with an angle of ca 4–7°.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="9FF76531FFBAFFB8FF6B7C0EFBB67907" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="D75236BAFFBAFFB8FF6B7C0EFDA37950" blockId="22.[189,637,794,820]" box="[189,637,794,820]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
<heading id="8C1A81D6FFBAFFB8FF6B7C0EFDA37950" bold="true" box="[189,637,794,820]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="E599EAA8FFBAFFB8FF6B7C0EFDA37950" bold="true" box="[189,637,794,820]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Stratigraphic and geographic range</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D75236BAFFBAFFB8FF6B7C5DFBB67907" blockId="22.[189,1128,841,867]" box="[189,1128,841,874]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">V 2 trilobite zone, Olenidsletta Member, Blackhillsian, Floian, Early Ordovician.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |