292 lines
29 KiB
XML
292 lines
29 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="AF75D61943FDBE0A8241FF8BE70DB472">From hell's heart I stab at thee! A determined approach towards a monophyletic Pteromalidae and reclassification of Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera)</mods:title>
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<normalizedToken id="80A3097916CAB0CFA32A2A2433366F26" originalValue="Bouček">Boucek</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 1988. Type genus:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6D271FDB2CDBA8D260FDA229677746BA" authorityName="Boucek" authorityYear="1988" class="Insecta" family="Pteromalidae" genus="Kerya" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Kerya" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Kerya</taxonomicName>
|
||
<normalizedToken id="9C1D13AB5127AF1EAFC936ECB3EF20F6" originalValue="Bouček">Boucek</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 1988.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="E440A2C961580D17AAA5AD1B5E7530A9" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="29A10ABE253A425C422E032F7EDB4419" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="21CE89E7E48FDC9C0DF52BC2BA057B26" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
|
||
Antenna with 10 flagellomeres, including a single anellus (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="3E03966A8ECAB59957252095386E0D24" captionStart="Figures 67–72" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figures 67 - 72. 67 - 69 Heydenia longicollis (Cameron) (Heydeniidae) 67 mesosoma dorsal view 68 mesosoma lateral view 69 fore leg 70, 71 Kerya antennalis Boucek (Keryinae, incertae sedis) 70 head frontal view and antenna 71 mesosoma lateral view 72 Callimomoides sp. (Louriciinae, incertae sedis): head frontal view." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.94.94263.figures67-72" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/781075" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">70</figureCitation>
|
||
). Clypeus with lateral sulci but without a dorsal sulcus; ventral margin protruding and slightly convex but not bilobed (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="C23F989ADC3B1446EF074C12C8D35B35" captionStart="Figures 67–72" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figures 67 - 72. 67 - 69 Heydenia longicollis (Cameron) (Heydeniidae) 67 mesosoma dorsal view 68 mesosoma lateral view 69 fore leg 70, 71 Kerya antennalis Boucek (Keryinae, incertae sedis) 70 head frontal view and antenna 71 mesosoma lateral view 72 Callimomoides sp. (Louriciinae, incertae sedis): head frontal view." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.94.94263.figures67-72" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/781075" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">70</figureCitation>
|
||
). Toruli slightly above center of face, immediately below a forked sulcus that exposes conjunctiva. Trabeculae absent (although sulcus present in middle of upper face). Notauli complete, incised. Frenum present, indicated by a complete frenal sulcus (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="0D9CE598EB7C6E4240B54911FD604A71" captionStart="Figures 67–72" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figures 67 - 72. 67 - 69 Heydenia longicollis (Cameron) (Heydeniidae) 67 mesosoma dorsal view 68 mesosoma lateral view 69 fore leg 70, 71 Kerya antennalis Boucek (Keryinae, incertae sedis) 70 head frontal view and antenna 71 mesosoma lateral view 72 Callimomoides sp. (Louriciinae, incertae sedis): head frontal view." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.94.94263.figures67-72" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/781075" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">71</figureCitation>
|
||
). Axillular sulcus present. Acropleuron not enlarged (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="72D9D9DE6025C00E00C29CF051B066EE" captionStart="Figures 67–72" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figures 67 - 72. 67 - 69 Heydenia longicollis (Cameron) (Heydeniidae) 67 mesosoma dorsal view 68 mesosoma lateral view 69 fore leg 70, 71 Kerya antennalis Boucek (Keryinae, incertae sedis) 70 head frontal view and antenna 71 mesosoma lateral view 72 Callimomoides sp. (Louriciinae, incertae sedis): head frontal view." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.94.94263.figures67-72" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/781075" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">71</figureCitation>
|
||
). Fore wing densely setose, without speculum; basal fold pigmented. Legs with 4 tarsomeres on all legs; protibial spur short and straight. Cerci surrounded by conjunctiva.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="450C2166D63EF5E8D1B524A4E2D02242" doi="10.3897/jhr.94.94263.figures67-72" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/781075" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" start="Figures 67–72" startId="F12">
|
||
<paragraph id="469CF148527FBD97C5585823A39A50DF" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<emphasis id="34C5CA1CDC8DC61F27F90CFB7DC510D6" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Figures 67-72.</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B94847E2BBD3A10784B831B4BC778D5A" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">67-69</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6A5457886CECDA6A2E4C6B45F8074187" baseAuthorityName="Cameron" baseAuthorityYear="1912" class="Insecta" family="Idioporidae" genus="Heydenia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Heydenia longicollis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longicollis">
|
||
<emphasis id="9B669221B619C1E73FCFB67CEC008648" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Heydenia longicollis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Cameron) (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="54EA91B9A083EEB40AB6F40DF026E3DD" family="Heydeniidae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="family">Heydeniidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="9A0F9068A34CE5B52067C9936ABCF2F0" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">67</emphasis>
|
||
mesosoma dorsal view
|
||
<emphasis id="2228EAB6B4ED1296DAF517465F9416D0" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">68</emphasis>
|
||
mesosoma lateral view
|
||
<emphasis id="7C3CD0008D396853922CD154EF6915FB" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">69</emphasis>
|
||
fore leg
|
||
<emphasis id="DF55E8A400501DB59077379F77664CA4" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">70, 71</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9C6438E8DA72A48AC1584E0C0CB9AA7" authorityName="Boucek" authorityYear="1988" class="Insecta" family="Pteromalidae" genus="Kerya" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Kerya antennalis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="antennalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="BC85AA056132A193824537D74ACEC3C1" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Kerya antennalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<normalizedToken id="24653E49FBAFE339BA83BD733C9D330C" originalValue="Bouček">Boucek</normalizedToken>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2C35EC89D45A3D63E1EBA424EA0511C9" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Keryinae">Keryinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="907B47FFB95B245E9AF1F0CB1CA55490" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">incertae sedis</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="7E2F53D9C8D251BD8B89B56C2373B987" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">70</emphasis>
|
||
head frontal view and antenna
|
||
<emphasis id="2DCBC55981463876627F9B1F9835A580" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">71</emphasis>
|
||
mesosoma lateral view
|
||
<emphasis id="BFC467E829610B4F47517C5CAD4B2555" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">72</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E6B349CD1B414670A4539E69C865BE26" authorityName="Girault" authorityYear="1926" class="Insecta" family="Pirenidae" genus="Callimomoides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Callimomoides" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1D88CC9858AD1600C99F9B03FEAF8578" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Callimomoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0124F518976892B920BD7875B46D8624" class="Insecta" family="Pteromalidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Louriciinae">Louriciinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B40478D4A8CCE00B0CBE356DF141A0F1" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">incertae sedis</emphasis>
|
||
): head frontal view.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="FA3EF157FA5127A4EFD4E89D294CA37A" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="A00FEDA66696F36508DC1E8372118D22" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Discussion.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3F2D617B2C1242192205495054C9FF4A" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
|
||
The combination of having just 4 tarsomeres on all legs, 10 flagellomeres, and a frenum, together with a lack of trabeculae, makes
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BCF88E0BFDDD4B6CD0A28208E53E3836" authorityName="Boucek" authorityYear="1988" class="Insecta" family="Pteromalidae" genus="Kerya" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Kerya antennalis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="antennalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="6566822D1A75FF13070FB0DE1AE4E245" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Kerya antennalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<normalizedToken id="67B2F101EA7E48B8530DCC21D26EB0A2" originalValue="Bouček">Boucek</normalizedToken>
|
||
distinct from all other chalcidoids. It was once placed in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EC67003E6AC59B570AC91A146AB95EA7" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Eulophinae">Eulophinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AA953EE36E237F11F020A2875D22E438" author="Boucek, Z" journalOrPublisher="CAB International, Wallingford, UK" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" refId="B6" refString="Boucek, Z, 1988. Australasian Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera). A biosystematic revision of genera of fourteen families, with a reclassification of species. CAB International, Wallingford, UK" title="Australasian Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera). A biosystematic revision of genera of fourteen families, with a reclassification of species." year="1988">
|
||
<normalizedToken id="E0494845F7D9DA91D5EF30BE18BB648D" originalValue="Bouček">Boucek</normalizedToken>
|
||
1988
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), although analysis of 28S D2 ribosomal DNA indicated that it is not a eulophid and it was moved to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4D998215A2A1391ECCCC9E71EF37F629" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1833" class="Insecta" family="Pteromalidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Ormocerinae">Ormocerinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
based on the placement of the toruli and the arched body (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3ECDC91FA9C5B16C501B659D8B19B14C" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3113.2000.00134.x" author="Gauthier, N" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Entomology" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" pagination="521 - 539" refId="B18" refString="Gauthier, N, LaSalle, J, Quicke, DLJ, Godfray, HCJ, 2000. Phylogeny of Eulophidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea), with a reclassification of Eulophinae and the recognition that Elasmidae are derived eulophids. Systematic Entomology 25: 521 - 539, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3113.2000.00134.x" title="Phylogeny of Eulophidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea), with a reclassification of Eulophinae and the recognition that Elasmidae are derived eulophids." url="https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3113.2000.00134.x" volume="25" year="2000">Gauthier, et al. 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Indeed some
|
||
<taxonomicName id="98C20339A9B8CAF70129A085DE680982" family="Melanosomellidae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="family">Melanosomellidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
resemble
|
||
<taxonomicName id="46F8A4FBE60FC1E1CBB99637F15C252F" class="Insecta" family="Pteromalidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="K. antennalis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="antennalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="BFA38D0239B472CD5816DCC96AD238B5" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">K. antennalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in body shape, color, and smooth surface sculpture, but they have 11 or more flagellomeres, a bilobed clypeal margin, 5 tarsomeres, a stout and curved protibial spur, cerci surrounded by cuticle, no axillular sulcus, and no forked sulcus on the face.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="61F41C8C1D5AD8E98879219A7C3827A9" baseAuthorityName="Haliday" baseAuthorityYear="1833" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Eulophidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and some
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CE34A27D2CFE0CC5CD08235668F71D3C" authorityName="Thomson" authorityYear="1876" class="Insecta" family="Aphelinidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Aphelinidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
also have 4 tarsomeres and are relatively generalized (unlike
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60F52D8A593C6548B509532619D846AC" family="Calesidae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="family">Calesidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0793585D8271BED1732BE5800D25FE8D" family="Idioporidae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="family">Idioporidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
), but have fewer flagellomeres and no frenum. Given the strong differences between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="17DD58C1D0CC9DE86EC65C4841EC03E3" class="Insecta" family="Pteromalidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="K. antennalis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="antennalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B1DAC7AC666544A4BC80CC646AB4C1DF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">K. antennalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and all the taxa with which it has been previously placed, and because it has not been analyzed using next-generation molecular data,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CCE0CFE1DF1B495223F343729A898E1" class="Insecta" family="Pteromalidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Keryini">Keryini</taxonomicName>
|
||
is here elevated to subfamily status and placed as
|
||
<emphasis id="9E3A649FFC64813AFA324B2B81CC2188" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">incertae sedis</emphasis>
|
||
in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A7220D6AA0CE409962113C239E762449" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="superFamily" superFamily="Chalcidoidea">Chalcidoidea</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |