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<document id="7DC790A628D3317C8F26AF20F118572E" ID-CLB-Dataset="304344" ID-DOI="10.1651/10-3422.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="4e7a9f5d-895a-4405-b5bc-032692a1d7e0" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7806409" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.metadata_approvedBy="carolina" IM.tables_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="carolina" IM.treatments_approvedBy="carolina" checkinTime="1680802896583" checkinUser="marimarques" docAuthor="Ayres-Peres, Luciane, Araujo, Paula B. &amp; Santos, Sandro" docDate="2011" docId="B945FD04FFABFFA5FCFDFC62B98A5CEF" docLanguage="en" docName="JCrustaceanBiol.31.3.379-388.pdf" docOrigin="Journal Of Crustacean Biology 31 (3)" docTitle="Aegla longirostri Bond-Buckup and Buckup 1994" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="381" masterDocId="457C857CFFAAFFA7FFBFFFB2B8045A41" masterDocTitle="Description Of The Agonistic Behavior Of Aegla Longirostri (Decapoda: Aeglidae)" masterLastPageNumber="388" masterPageNumber="379" pageNumber="380" updateTime="1728310463805" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="4C043530EE85CEC6A39444850DB5F911">Description Of The Agonistic Behavior Of Aegla Longirostri (Decapoda: Aeglidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="905E4C23B139144300FB5E8FD913F632">Ayres-Peres, Luciane</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="29A9A6EB0866DBF851258C260D0B81F7">LAP, PBA) PPG em Biologia Animal, Laboratório de Carcinologia, Instituto de Biociências / Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul. Avenida Bento Gonçalves, 9500. Prédio 43435. Bairro Agronomia, CEP – 91501 - 970. Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="7533DF4E9621241A4173B60597065D60">Araujo, Paula B.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="5295D55D6060181141B419A692B46662">LAP, PBA) PPG em Biologia Animal, Laboratório de Carcinologia, Instituto de Biociências / Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul. Avenida Bento Gonçalves, 9500. Prédio 43435. Bairro Agronomia, CEP – 91501 - 970. Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="E0A10AF93508AEA2D6CCFA6AA1CA8F02">Santos, Sandro</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="EE49954539E152167C3DAEE4105E4656">SS, correspondence, ssantos @ smail. ufsm. br) PPG em Biodiversidade Animal, Laboratório de Carcinologia, Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria. Avenida Roraima, 1000. Bairro Camobi. CEP – 97105 - 900. Santa Maria, RS, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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<treatment id="B945FD04FFABFFA5FCFDFC62B98A5CEF" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13899041" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13899041" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B945FD04FFABFFA5FCFDFC62B98A5CEF" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/B945FD04FFABFFA5FCFDFC62B98A5CEF" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="381" pageId="1" pageNumber="380">
<subSubSection id="79F61F99FFABFFA6FCFDFC62BBFB59A6" box="[834,1023,976,999]" pageId="1" pageNumber="380" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="31534C12FFABFFA6FCFDFC62BBFB59A6" blockId="1.[834,1472,935,1950]" box="[834,1023,976,999]" pageId="1" pageNumber="380">
<taxonomicName id="F6EC3791FFABFFA6FCFDFC62BBFB59A6" ID-CoL="B7ZWY" authority="Bond-Buckup and Buckup, 1994" authorityName="Bond-Buckup and Buckup" authorityYear="1994" box="[834,1023,976,999]" class="Malacostraca" family="Aeglidae" genus="Aegla" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="380" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longirostri">
<emphasis id="03989000FFABFFA6FCFDFC62BBFB59A6" box="[834,1023,976,999]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="380">Aegla longirostri</emphasis>
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<subSubSection id="79F61F99FFABFFA5FBB5FC62B98A5CEF" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="381" pageId="1" pageNumber="380" type="description">
<paragraph id="31534C12FFABFFA6FBB5FC62BC035FA1" blockId="1.[834,1472,935,1950]" pageId="1" pageNumber="380">
showed an agonistic behavior that was strongly marked by the use of antennae and chelipeds. The combats were initiated by an approach, progressing from brief contacts with repeated movements of antennae during all recorded time to touching the carapace or the opponent’s antennae, to the use of chelipeds to touch or hold the opponent. After these initial acts, on many occasions the individuals invested in a fight, going to the extreme of an intense combat in which they used all the structures of their bodies (antennae, pleon, chelipeds, and pereiopods) and in attempting to attack the other animal (
<tableCitation id="7C6E79A9FFABFFA6FCF5FAA4BB995F6C" box="[842,925,1302,1325]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="3.[149,198,175,194]" captionTargetBox="[149,1473,233,1894]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Table 1. Behavioral acts by males of Aegla longirostri, codes and descriptions." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/65931C9AFFA9FFA4FF2AFF1DBB5E5A83" pageId="1" pageNumber="380" tableUuid="65931C9AFFA9FFA4FF2AFF1DBB5E5A83">Table 1</tableCitation>
), or, in some situations, the animal walks away from the opponent. Besides the acts that are well known for other species of crustaceans, such as the use of chelipeds to hit and hold, the aeglids showed some acts in low frequency which are not usually reported as being a dominant attitude, such as: push, climb and/or turn the opponent (
<figureCitation id="A9D75097FFABFFA6FC09FA7BBBF35FA1" box="[950,1015,1481,1504]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[159,190,1906,1925]" captionTargetBox="[161,1481,1148,1880]" captionTargetId="figure-439@4.[161,1481,1148,1880]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 1. Selected frames from the films documenting the agonistic behavior of A. longirostri: A-B: Hitting with chelipeds; C-E-F: Fight and D: Going up the opponent." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7806413" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7806413/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="380">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="31534C12FFABFFA6FCE2FA55BCE65CF1" blockId="1.[834,1472,935,1950]" pageId="1" pageNumber="380">
In all trials, the agonistic encounters occurred each time that one animal approached, made physical contact, and this contact provoked a response in the opponent. The aeglids took about 198 seconds (minimum = 25 and maximum = 475, mean ± standard error = 192.5
<geoCoordinate id="54D82AD5FFABFFA6FAE3F9EFBDB35C34" box="[1372,1463,1629,1653]" degrees="6" direction="south" minutes="46.3" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="380" precision="92" value="-6.7716665">± 46.3 s</geoCoordinate>
) to start the combats. In five of ten contests, the winner was the individual that started the combat.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="31534C12FFABFFA6FCE2F905BC795DDF" blockId="1.[834,1472,935,1950]" pageId="1" pageNumber="380">
Of the 26 kinds of behavioral acts described (
<tableCitation id="7C6E79A9FFABFFA6FADDF905BDB25C8F" box="[1378,1462,1719,1742]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="3.[149,198,175,194]" captionTargetBox="[149,1473,233,1894]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Table 1. Behavioral acts by males of Aegla longirostri, codes and descriptions." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/65931C9AFFA9FFA4FF2AFF1DBB5E5A83" pageId="1" pageNumber="380" tableUuid="65931C9AFFA9FFA4FF2AFF1DBB5E5A83">Table 1</tableCitation>
) and quantified (
<tableCitation id="7C6E79A9FFABFFA6FC49F967BC485CAD" box="[1014,1100,1749,1772]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="5.[149,198,175,194]" captionText="Table 2. Duration of acts by Aegla longirostri, including both winners and losers in the combats. Acts described in Table 1." pageId="1" pageNumber="380">Table 2</tableCitation>
), 16 are classified as aggressive acts, and the remainder are related to activities such as: remaining still (WD1 and WD2), walking and climbing the arena; receiving stimuli from the opponent: being touched, pulled, or held (caught) with the chelipeds; being pushed/ moved by the opponent’s body; and being turned and climbed on by the opponent.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="31534C12FFA8FFA5FF05FF1CBA7F58DE" blockId="2.[159,798,174,1710]" pageId="2" pageNumber="381">
For winners and losers, the most frequently observed acts were: keeping still, but with activity (31.75% of the time), keeping still and without activity (14.73%), walking (12.83%), fighting (9.52%), holding (5.63%), and hitting with chelipeds (4.23%) (
<tableCitation id="7C6E79A9FFA8FFA5FE7EFE97BA1C5B7D" box="[449,536,293,316]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="5.[149,198,175,194]" captionText="Table 2. Duration of acts by Aegla longirostri, including both winners and losers in the combats. Acts described in Table 1." pageId="2" pageNumber="381">Table 2</tableCitation>
). The intensity values (
<tableCitation id="7C6E79A9FFA8FFA5FF18FEF0B8FE5B18" box="[167,250,322,345]" captionStart="Table 3" captionStartId="5.[149,198,1516,1535]" captionTargetBox="[148,1472,1573,1938]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Table 3. Definition of levels of aggression intensity shown by males of Aegla longirostri." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/65931C9AFFAFFFA2FF2AFA5EBBB15FBE" pageId="2" pageNumber="381" tableUuid="65931C9AFFAFFFA2FF2AFA5EBBB15FBE">Table 3</tableCitation>
) in eight of ten trials showed significant differences (
<emphasis id="03989000FFA8FFA5FF17FED2B8BC5B36" box="[168,184,352,375]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="381">P</emphasis>
, 0.05) among the values for the sum of intensities obtained from combats between winners and losers (
<figureCitation id="A9D75097FFA8FFA5FD72FECCBB155BD4" box="[717,785,382,405]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[834,865,550,569]" captionTargetBox="[837,1469,173,523]" captionTargetId="figure-655@5.[837,1470,173,524]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 2. Sum of intensities (-2 to 5) of combats between similar-sized males of Aegla longirostri. *Represents significant difference in the x2 Test (P, 0.05). (Size – cephalothorax length in mm of winners ‘‘W’’ and losers ‘‘L.’’ Pair 1- W = 15.18 X L = 14.27; Pair 2- W = 16.54 X L = 15.78; Pair 3- W = 18.65 X L = 17.71; Pair 4- W = 18.31 X L = 18.73; Pair 5- W = 18.70 X L = 18.64; Pair 6- W = 18.86 X L = 19.27; Pair 7- W = 19.26 X L = 19.09; Pair 8 - W = 19.45 X L = 19.50; Pair 9- W = 20.19 X L = 19.94; and Pair 10- W = 20.84 X L = 20.64)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7806415" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7806415/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="381">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
). Acts with a negative score were those in which the animal avoided fighting, walked away (-1) or fleeing (-2), or when it was ‘‘attacked’’ by the opponent. Scores 0 and 1 were reserved for encounters in which there was no physical contact, with or without movement of an individual. A score of 2 refers to opponents approaching to initiate combat. Scores 3 to 5 indicate interaction with physical contact between opponents (
<tableCitation id="7C6E79A9FFA8FFA5FEC4FDD8B9D558C0" box="[379,465,618,641]" captionStart="Table 3" captionStartId="5.[149,198,1516,1535]" captionTargetBox="[148,1472,1573,1938]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Table 3. Definition of levels of aggression intensity shown by males of Aegla longirostri." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/65931C9AFFAFFFA2FF2AFA5EBBB15FBE" pageId="2" pageNumber="381" tableUuid="65931C9AFFAFFFA2FF2AFA5EBBB15FBE">Table 3</tableCitation>
). The most aggressive individuals were those of the smallest pair (
<figureCitation id="A9D75097FFA8FFA5FD95FD3ABA6A58DE" box="[554,622,648,671]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[834,865,550,569]" captionTargetBox="[837,1469,173,523]" captionTargetId="figure-655@5.[837,1470,173,524]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 2. Sum of intensities (-2 to 5) of combats between similar-sized males of Aegla longirostri. *Represents significant difference in the x2 Test (P, 0.05). (Size – cephalothorax length in mm of winners ‘‘W’’ and losers ‘‘L.’’ Pair 1- W = 15.18 X L = 14.27; Pair 2- W = 16.54 X L = 15.78; Pair 3- W = 18.65 X L = 17.71; Pair 4- W = 18.31 X L = 18.73; Pair 5- W = 18.70 X L = 18.64; Pair 6- W = 18.86 X L = 19.27; Pair 7- W = 19.26 X L = 19.09; Pair 8 - W = 19.45 X L = 19.50; Pair 9- W = 20.19 X L = 19.94; and Pair 10- W = 20.84 X L = 20.64)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7806415" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7806415/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="381">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="31534C12FFA8FFA5FF05FD14B9CE5989" blockId="2.[159,798,174,1710]" pageId="2" pageNumber="381">
There was a statistically significant difference between the time spent by winners and losers with negative (-1 and -2) and null (0) scores (
<figureCitation id="A9D75097FFA8FFA5FE0DFD53B9F058B9" box="[434,500,737,760]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[159,190,547,566]" captionTargetBox="[163,1479,173,524]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 3. Mean duration (in seconds) of time spent by males of Aegla longirostri, in each of the levels of aggression intensity (-2 to 5, see definition in Table 3). *Represents a significant difference in the Mann- Whitney Test (P, 0.05) (Calculation with overall values for each level of intensity)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7806417" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7806417/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="381">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
), where the losing animals performed these acts with more frequency than the winners. On the other hand, the winners spent significantly more time in activities such as walking and climbing the arena (score 1), approaching (2), and chasing, and/or use antennae, and/or hitting with chelipeds (3) than did the losers, with no significant difference in the highest levels of intensity (4 and 5) (
<figureCitation id="A9D75097FFA8FFA5FEC5FC03B9B95989" box="[378,445,945,968]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[159,190,547,566]" captionTargetBox="[163,1479,173,524]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 3. Mean duration (in seconds) of time spent by males of Aegla longirostri, in each of the levels of aggression intensity (-2 to 5, see definition in Table 3). *Represents a significant difference in the Mann- Whitney Test (P, 0.05) (Calculation with overall values for each level of intensity)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7806417" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7806417/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="381">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="31534C12FFA8FFA5FF05FC7DBB1C5ED9" blockId="2.[159,798,174,1710]" pageId="2" pageNumber="381">
The most aggressive acts were performed by the winning individuals, even considering that at the beginning of fights, both animals showed a low intensity level of aggressiveness, which increased during the course of an experiment. At the end of the observation period (between 1020 and 1200 s), there was a clear separation between the level of aggressiveness of the winners and losers (
<figureCitation id="A9D75097FFA8FFA5FD78FB33BB0F5ED9" box="[711,779,1153,1176]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[159,190,1905,1924]" captionTargetBox="[162,794,1469,1879]" captionTargetId="figure-633@6.[162,795,1469,1879]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 4. Progression in mean intensity of aggressive combats related to time in encounters, of males of Aegla longirostri." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7806419" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7806419/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="381">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="31534C12FFA8FFA5FF05FB2DBB1A5FBD" blockId="2.[159,798,174,1710]" pageId="2" pageNumber="381">
The mean time (± standard deviation) of the first encounter was
<geoCoordinate id="54D82AD5FFA8FFA5FEFFFB0FB9C85E95" box="[320,460,1212,1236]" degrees="28" direction="south" minutes="6" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="381" precision="1" seconds="32.59" value="-28.109053">28 ± 32.59 s</geoCoordinate>
(minimum =10 and maximum = 110). Individuals that won combats used their antennae more frequently than did the losers (x
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= 97.53;
<emphasis id="03989000FFA8FFA5FD56FB4ABAFD5F4E" box="[745,761,1272,1295]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="381">P</emphasis>
, 0.0001). The mean number (± standard deviation) of contacts with antennae by winners was 37.8 ± 26.2 (minimum = 11 and maximum = 95); whereas the mean number of contacts by losers was 25.6 ± 20 (minimum = 0 and maximum = 56). Whipping with the antennae did not differ significantly between the groups, with a mean (± SD) of 1.7 ± 2.7 (minimum = 0 and maximum = 7) in winners and 4.1 ± 7.6 (minimum = 0 and maximum = 24) in losers.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="31534C12FFA8FFA5FF05F9B1B98A5CEF" blockId="2.[159,798,174,1710]" pageId="2" pageNumber="381">
Significant differences in the frequency of aggressiveness of both winners and losers were observed in the following acts: walking away, approaching, hitting with chelipeds, walking, fleeing, chasing, with no movement from place to place (and no activity), and being touched by the opponent (
<figureCitation id="A9D75097FFA8FFA5FE82F925B9845CEF" box="[317,384,1687,1710]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[845,876,550,569]" captionTargetBox="[832,1480,173,523]" captionTargetId="figure-565@6.[847,1480,173,524]" captionText="Fig. 5. Percentage of the time spent by winners and losers, males of Aegla longirostri, in each of the agonistic acts. The item ‘‘Others’’ refers to: BTO, DB, DO, FF, GO, PO, PQ, and TOD, which occurred in low frequency. *Represents a significant difference in the Mann-Whitney Test (P, 0.05). Refer to Table 1 for descriptions of the agonistic acts." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13899043" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13899043/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="381">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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