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<treatment id="88502B73FFF6B81BFF6B46F4787408D1" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7967822" ID-GBIF-Taxon="209662325" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7967822" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:88502B73FFF6B81BFF6B46F4787408D1" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/88502B73FFF6B81BFF6B46F4787408D1" lastPageId="109" lastPageNumber="110" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">
<subSubSection id="48E3C9EEFFF6B81AFF6B46F47B920E94" box="[151,668,429,456]" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="00469A65FFF6B81AFF6B46F47B920E94" blockId="108.[151,1437,429,2040]" box="[151,668,429,456]" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">
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<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FFF6B81AFF6B46F47B240E94" ID-CoL="3FH66" authority="(Schlegel, 1836)" baseAuthorityName="Schlegel" baseAuthorityYear="1836" box="[151,554,429,456]" class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Gekko" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="monarchus">
<emphasis id="328D4677FFF6B81AFF6B46F478620E9B" bold="true" box="[151,364,429,456]" italics="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">Gekko monarchus</emphasis>
(Schlegel, 1836)
</taxonomicName>
—
<emphasis id="328D4677FFF6B81AFDB446F47B920E94" bold="true" box="[584,668,429,455]" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">Native.</emphasis>
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<paragraph id="00469A65FFF6B81AFF0B468878C20D60" blockId="108.[151,1437,429,2040]" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FFF6B81AFF0B46887B8E0EB8" authority="Schlegel" authorityName="Schlegel" box="[247,640,465,491]" class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Platydactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="monarchus">
<emphasis id="328D4677FFF6B81AFF0B46887B190EB8" box="[247,535,465,491]" italics="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">Platydactylus Monarchus</emphasis>
Schlegel
</taxonomicName>
in A.M.C. Duméril &amp; Bibron, 1836: 335–336.
<typeStatus id="DF4224C7FFF6B81AFB6346887C020EB8" box="[1183,1292,465,491]" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
: MNHN-RA 2286, by original designation. Type locality: “originaire d’Amboine” (= Kota Ambon), Molucca, Indonesia.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="00469A65FFF6B81AFF6B456478850D04" blockId="108.[151,1437,429,2040]" box="[151,395,573,600]" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">
Spotted House
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FFF6B81AFEBE456478850D04" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[322,395,573,599]" class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Gecko" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Gecko</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="00469A65FFF6B81AFF6B45387B430D28" blockId="108.[151,1437,429,2040]" box="[151,589,609,636]" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">
(
<figureCitation id="98C286E0FFF6B81AFF634538782C0D28" box="[159,290,609,635]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="357.[152,255,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[154,1433,181,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-23@357.[154,1433,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="357" captionText="FIGURE 13. A) Gekko horsfieldii, B) Gekko hulk, C) Gekko kuhli, D) Gekko monarchus, E) Hemidactylus brookii, F) Hemidactylus craspedotus, G) Hemidactylus frenatus, and H) Hemidactylus platyurus. Photographs by: Evan S.H. Quah [A], Francis L.K. Lim [B], Kelvin K.P. Lim [C, G], Alex Figueroa [D, H], Joys Tan [E], and Holly Siow [F]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7960345" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7960345/files/figure.png" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">Figure 13C</figureCitation>
; Bukit Batok Nature Park)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="00469A65FFF6B81AFF6B45DC78760DCC" blockId="108.[151,1437,429,2040]" box="[151,376,645,671]" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">
<emphasis id="328D4677FFF6B81AFF6B45DC78760DCC" bold="true" box="[151,376,645,671]" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FFF6B81AFF6B45DC781E0DCC" box="[151,272,645,671]" name="Singapore" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">Singapore</collectingCountry>
records.
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="00469A65FFF6B81AFF0B45F07D570D97" blockId="108.[151,1437,429,2040]" box="[247,1113,681,708]" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FFF6B81AFF0B45F07B1C0D90" authority="Schlegel In Duméril &amp; Bibron, 1836" box="[247,530,681,707]" class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Platydactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="monarchus">
<emphasis id="328D4677FFF6B81AFF0B45F07B1C0D90" box="[247,530,681,707]" italics="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">Platydactylus monarchus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
—
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FFF6B81AFDD345F07A0B0D90" author="Cantor, T. E." box="[559,773,681,707]" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" pagination="607 - 656" refId="ref294201" refString="Cantor, T. E. (1847 a) Catalogue of reptiles inhabiting the Malayan Peninsula and islands, collected or observed by Theodore Cantor, Esq., M. D. Bengal Medical Service. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, 16 (Part 2, No. 180), 607 - 656, pl. 20. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 5057" type="journal article" year="1847">Cantor, 1847a: 626</bibRefCitation>
.—
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FFF6B81AFCDA45F07D010D90" author="Cantor, T. E." box="[806,1039,681,707]" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" pagination="1026 - 1078" refId="ref294357" refString="Cantor, T. E. (1847 c) Catalogue of reptiles inhabiting the Malayan Peninsula and islands, collected or observed by Theodore Cantor, Esq., M. D. Bengal Medical Service. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, 16 (Part 2, No. 183), 1026 - 1078. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 5057" type="journal article" year="1847">Cantor, 1847c: 1068</bibRefCitation>
, 1075.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="00469A65FFF6B81AFF0B45947B9508D8" blockId="108.[151,1437,429,2040]" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FFF6B81AFF0B459478CA0DB4" baseAuthorityName="Schlegel" baseAuthorityYear="1836" box="[247,452,717,743]" class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Gekko" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="monarchus">
<emphasis id="328D4677FFF6B81AFF0B459478CA0DB4" box="[247,452,717,743]" italics="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">Gekko monarchus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
—
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FFF6B81AFE1C45947BB20DB4" author="Girard, C." box="[480,700,717,744]" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" refId="ref307400" refString="Girard, C. (1858 b) United States Exploring Expedition during the years 1838, 1839, 1840, 1841, 1842, under the command of Charles Wilkes, U. S. N. Vol. XX. Herpetology. Philadelphia, J. B. Lippincott and Company, xvii + 496 pp., 32 pls." type="book" year="1858">Girard, 1858b: 293</bibRefCitation>
.—Taylor, 1963: 796.—L.M.
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FFF6B81AFBED45947DDA0DBB" author="Chou, L. M." box="[1041,1236,717,744]" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" pagination="130 - 138" refId="ref297177" refString="Chou, L. M. (1975) Systematic account of the Singapore house geckos. Journal of the Singapore National Academy of Science, 4 (3), 130 - 138." type="journal article" year="1975">Chou, 1975: 135</bibRefCitation>
.—N.
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FFF6B81AFAE74594788E0C58" author="Koh, N." pageId="108" pageNumber="109" pagination="1 - 2" refId="ref318967" refString="Koh, N. (1986) Leaping lizards! Know your house guests. The cicak is really ' a nice guy'. From gecko to commodore dragon. The Straits Times, 17 February 1986, Section 2, 1 - 2." type="book chapter" year="1986">Koh, 1986: 1–2</bibRefCitation>
.—K. Lim, 1989b: 19 (King Albert Park).—K.
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FFF6B81AFC5545A87D550C58" author="Lim, K." box="[937,1115,753,779]" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" pagination="6 - 12" refId="ref325200" refString="Lim, K. (1990 a) Reptiles. The Pangolin, 3 (1 - 4), 6 - 12." type="journal article" year="1990">Lim, 1990a: 10</bibRefCitation>
(Hindhede Drive).—K.K.P. Lim &amp; L.M. Chou, 1990: 55.—
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FFF6B81AFD42444C7D2F0C7C" author="Denzer, W. &amp; Manthey, U." box="[702,1057,789,816]" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" pagination="309 - 322" refId="ref303036" refString="Denzer, W. &amp; Manthey, U. (1991) A nominal checklist of the lizards inhabiting peninsular Malaysia and Singapore. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 39 (2), 309 - 322." type="journal article" year="1991">Denzer &amp; Manthey, 1991: 314</bibRefCitation>
.—K.K.P.
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FFF6B81AFB6F444C786B0C00" author="Lim, K. K. P. &amp; Subharaj, R." pageId="108" pageNumber="109" pagination="5 - 9" refId="ref326394" refString="Lim, K. K. P. &amp; Subharaj, R. (1992) Reptiles &amp; Amphibians. The Pangolin, 5 (1 - 4), 5 - 9." type="journal article" year="1992">Lim &amp; Subharaj, 1992: 8</bibRefCitation>
(Kent Ridge [NUS]: Lower Peirce Forest).—K.K.P. Lim &amp; F.L.K.
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FFF6B81AFBA344607C010C00" author="Lim, K. K. P. &amp; Lim, F. L. K." box="[1119,1295,825,851]" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" refId="ref326515" refString="Lim, K. K. P. &amp; Lim, F. L. K. (1992) A Guide to the Amphibians and Reptiles of Singapore. Singapore Science Centre, Singapore, 160 pp." type="book" year="1992">Lim, 1992: 117</bibRefCitation>
, 150.—E.K.
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FFF6B81AFEAB44047B060C2B" author="Chua, E. K." box="[343,520,861,888]" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" refId="ref297976" refString="Chua, E. K. (1993) Nature in Singapore, Ours to Protect. The Nature Society, Singapore, 132 pp." type="book" year="1993">Chua, 1993: 95</bibRefCitation>
.—K.K.P.
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FFF6B81AFD8144047A810C2B" author="Lim, K. K. P. &amp; Subaraj, R." box="[637,911,861,888]" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" pagination="1 - 4" refId="ref326428" refString="Lim, K. K. P. &amp; Subaraj, R. (1994) Recent records (1994) - herptiles. The Pangolin, 7 (1 - 4), 5." type="journal article" year="1994">Lim &amp; Subaraj, 1994: 5</bibRefCitation>
(MacPherson Industrial Estate).—K.K.P.
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FFF6B81AFA9244047B3F0CCF" author="Lim, K. K. P. &amp; Subaraj, R." pageId="108" pageNumber="109" pagination="1 - 4" refId="ref326428" refString="Lim, K. K. P. &amp; Subaraj, R. (1994) Recent records (1994) - herptiles. The Pangolin, 7 (1 - 4), 5." type="journal article" year="1994">Lim &amp; Subaraj, 1994: 7</bibRefCitation>
(Botanic Gardens; Bukit Timah Nature Centre Visitor Centre [BTNR]; King Albert Park; Sungei Buloh Nature Park [= SBWR]).—R. Subaraj, 1994: 11 (Bukit Timah Nature Centre Visitor Centre [BTNR]).—R. Subaraj, 1994: 13 (Lorong Gambas; MacRitchie Golf Course Substation [MR]; Seletar North Forest [USNF]; Sime Road Pipeline Trail [SRF]).—L.M.
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FFF6B81AFAB844B478E30B7F" author="Chou L. M. &amp; Ng, P. K. L. &amp; Lim, K. K. P." pageId="108" pageNumber="109" pagination="70 - 106" refId="ref297613" refString="Chou L. M., Ng, P. K. L. &amp; Lim, K. K. P. (1994) Animalia. In: Wee, Y. C. &amp; Ng, P. K. L. (Eds.), A First Look at Biodiversity in Singapore. National Council on the Environment, Singapore, pp. 70 - 106." type="book chapter" year="1994">
Chou
<emphasis id="328D4677FFF6B81AFA7444B7787A0B78" italics="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">et al.</emphasis>
, 1994:105
</bibRefCitation>
.—L.M.
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FFF6B81AFDB143487A0A0B78" author="Chou, L. M." box="[589,772,1041,1068]" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" pagination="145 - 150" refId="ref297324" refString="Chou, L. M. (1995) Amphibians and reptiles. In: Chin, S. C., Corlett, R. T., Wee, Y. C. &amp; Geh, S. Y. (Eds.), Rain Forest in the City: Bukit Timah Nature Reserve Singapore. Gardens' Bulletin, Singapore, Supplement 3, pp. 145 - 150." type="journal article" year="1995">Chou, 1995: 147</bibRefCitation>
.—K. Lim, 1995: 18 (Lower Peirce East [LPF]; Lower Peirce Forest; Nee Soon Swamp Forest; Upper Seletar Reservoir Park; Sentosa; Yishun Ring Road).— R.C.H. Teo &amp; Rajathurai, 1997: 389, 391 (Bukit Timah [BTNR]; Nee Soon [NSSF]).—
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FFF6B81AFACF43007B780BC4" author="Manthey, U. &amp; Grossmann, W." pageId="108" pageNumber="109" refId="ref329083" refString="Manthey, U. &amp; Grossmann, W. (1997) Amphibien und Reptilian Sudostasien. Natur und Tier, M ¸ nster, 512 pp." type="book" year="1997">Manthey &amp; Grossmann, 1997: 233</bibRefCitation>
.—
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FFF6B81AFD6443247A750BC4" author="Cox, M. J. &amp; van Dijk, P. P. &amp; Nabhitabhata, J. &amp; Thirakhupt, K." box="[664,891,1149,1176]" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" refId="ref299700" refString="Cox, M. J., van Dijk, P. P., Nabhitabhata, J. &amp; Thirakhupt, K. (1998) A Photographic Guide toSnakes and other Reptiles of Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore and Thailand. New Holland Publishers, London, 144 pp." type="book" year="1998">
Cox
<emphasis id="328D4677FFF6B81AFD2C43277A040BC4" box="[720,778,1149,1175]" italics="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">et al.</emphasis>
, 1998: 83
</bibRefCitation>
.—Chan-ard
<emphasis id="328D4677FFF6B81AFBEC43277D440BC4" box="[1040,1098,1149,1175]" italics="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">et al.</emphasis>
, 1999: 25.—
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FFF6B81AFB1C4324788A0BEF" author="Gill, B. J. &amp; Bejakovtch, D. &amp; Whitaker, A. H." pageId="108" pageNumber="109" pagination="351 - 359" refId="ref307216" refString="Gill, B. J., Bejakovtch, D. &amp; Whitaker, A. H. (2001) Records of foreign reptiles and amphibians accidentally imported to New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Zoology, 28 (3), 351 - 359. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 03014223.2001.9518274" type="journal article" year="2001">
Gill
<emphasis id="328D4677FFF6B81AFAE843277C430BC4" box="[1300,1357,1149,1175]" italics="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">et al.</emphasis>
, 2001: 354
</bibRefCitation>
.—E.K.
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FFF6B81AFE1C43F87B930BE8" author="Chua, E. K." box="[480,669,1185,1211]" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" refId="ref298026" refString="Chua, E. K. (2002) Chek Jawa: Discovering Singapore's Biodiversity. Simply Green, Singapore, 116 pp." type="book" year="2002">Chua, 2002: 107</bibRefCitation>
(Pulau Ubin).—K.P. Lim &amp; F.L.K.
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FFF6B81AFBC543F87DE60BEF" author="Lim, K. P. &amp; Lim, F. L. K." box="[1081,1256,1185,1212]" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" refId="ref327168" refString="Lim, K. P. &amp; Lim, F. L. K. (2002) A Guide to the Amphibians and Reptiles of Singapore. Revised Edition. Singapore Science Centre, Singapore, 160 pp." type="book" year="2002">Lim, 2002: 150</bibRefCitation>
.—
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FFF6B81AFAF643F878B40B8C" author="Anonymous" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" refId="ref288767" refString="Anonymous (2003) Sungei Buloh Wetland Reserve - A Decade of Wetland Conservation. National Parks Board, Singapore, 98 pp." type="book" year="2003">Anonymous, 2003: 92</bibRefCitation>
(Sungei Buloh Wetland Reserve).—K.K.P. Lim &amp; N.T.-L.
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FFF6B81AFBA9439C7C0D0B8C" author="Lim, K. K. P. &amp; Lim, N. T. - L." box="[1109,1283,1221,1247]" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" pagination="107" refId="ref326554" refString="Lim, K. K. P. &amp; Lim, N. T. - L. (2006) Geographic distribution: Luperosaurus browni. Herpetological Review, 37 (1), 107." type="journal article" year="2006">Lim, 2006: 107</bibRefCitation>
(Batu Koyok [Pulau Tekong]).—N. Baker &amp; K.P. Lim, 2008: 81, 160.—T.M.
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FFF6B81AFBBF43B37C930A57" author="Leong, T. M. &amp; Foo, S. K." box="[1091,1437,1257,1284]" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" pagination="311 - 316" refId="ref323389" refString="Leong, T. M. &amp; Foo, S. K. (2009) Attempted predation on a large gecko by a twin-barred tree snake, Chrysopelea pelias (Reptilia: Squamata: Colubridae). Nature in Singapore, 2, 311 - 316." type="journal article" year="2009">Leong &amp; Foo, 2009: 311–315</bibRefCitation>
(Bukit Kallang [SRF]).—M.F.C. Ng, 2009: 59, 109 (Semakau Landfill [PS]).—
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FFF6B81AFB3242547C740A74" author="Das, I." box="[1230,1402,1293,1319]" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" refId="ref300845" refString="Das, I. (2010) A Field Guide to the Reptiles of Thailand and South-East Asia. New Holland, London, 376 pp." type="book" year="2010">Das, 2010: 219</bibRefCitation>
.— M.A.H.
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FFF6B81AFE4A42687B7D0A18" author="Chua, M. A." box="[438,627,1329,1355]" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" pagination="277 - 287" refId="ref298358" refString="Chua, M. A. (2011) The herpetofauna and mammals of Semakau Landfill: A Project Semakau checklist. Nature in Singapore, 4, 277 - 287." type="journal article" year="2011">Chua, 2011: 281</bibRefCitation>
(Semakau Landfill [PS]).—L.L.
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FFF6B81AFC1342687DD20A18" author="Grismer, L. L." box="[1007,1244,1329,1355]" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" refId="ref309725" refString="Grismer, L. L. (2011 b) Lizards of Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore and Their Adjacent Archipelagos. Edition Chimaira, Frankfurt am Main, 728 pp." type="book" year="2011">Grismer, 2011b: 464</bibRefCitation>
, 467.—N. Baker &amp; K.P. Lim, 2012: 73, 81, 160.—
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FFF6B81AFD33420C7ABD0A23" author="Ang, W. F. &amp; Lim, N. T. - L. &amp; Lok, A. F. S. L. &amp; Ng, D. J. J." box="[719,947,1365,1392]" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" pagination="44 - 63" refId="ref288265" refString="Ang, W. F., Lim, N. T. - L., Lok, A. F. S. L. &amp; Ng, D. J. J. (2012) Herptiles: amphibians and reptiles. In: Lok, A. F. S. L., Ang, W. F., Tan, H. T. W., Corlett, R. T. &amp; Tan, P. Y. (Eds.), The Native Fauna of the Native Garden @ HortPark: Birds, Fishes, Amphibians, Reptiles, Butterflies, Moths, Damselflies, and Dragonflies. Raffles Museum of Biodiversity Research, National University of Singapore, and Centre for Urban Greenery and Ecology, National Parks Board, Singapore, pp. 44 - 63." type="book chapter" year="2012">
Ang
<emphasis id="328D4677FFF6B81AFCF5420F7A4F0A3C" box="[777,833,1365,1391]" italics="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">et al.</emphasis>
, 2012: 54
</bibRefCitation>
(Hort Park).—M.F.C. Ng, 2012: 14.—S.K. Tan &amp; K.K.P. Lim, 2013: 124 (Nee Soon Swamp Forest).—S.K. Tan, 2014: 70 (Nee Soon Swamp Forest).—S.K. Tan &amp; K.K.P.
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FFF6B81AFD5F42C47A5E0AE4" author="Lim, K. K. P." box="[675,848,1437,1463]" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" pagination="224" refId="ref326134" refString="Lim, K. K. P. (2014 c) Tokay at Mandai. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2014, 224." type="journal article" year="2014">Lim, 2014c: 72</bibRefCitation>
(Nee Soon Swamp Forest).—Chan-ard
<emphasis id="328D4677FFF6B81AFAE942C77C400AE4" box="[1301,1358,1437,1463]" italics="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">et al.</emphasis>
, 2015: 74.—E.K. Chua, 2015: 32.—R. Subaraj, 2015: 25, 32, 52, 54, 56 (Mandai Range Forest; Night Safari; Project Western Boundary [= MBP]; Singapore Zoo; Stephen Lee Woods [= RPN]).—S. Subaraj, 2015: 4, 5, 6, 7 (Mandai Range Forest; Night Safari; Project Western Boundary [= MBP]; Singapore Zoo; Stephen Lee Woods [= RPN]).—K.K.P.
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FFF6B81AFC2841747DCA0914" author="Lim, K. K. P. &amp; Chua, M. A. H. &amp; Lim, N. T. - L." box="[980,1220,1581,1608]" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" pagination="165 - 198" refId="ref327018" refString="Lim, K. K. P., Chua, M. A. H. &amp; Lim, N. T. - L. (2016) Freshwater fishes, terrestrial herpetofauna and mammals of Pulau Tekong, Singapore. Nature in Singapore, 9, 165 - 198." type="journal article" year="2016">
Lim
<emphasis id="328D4677FFF6B81AFBF741777D4A0914" box="[1035,1092,1581,1607]" italics="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">et al.</emphasis>
, 2016: 177
</bibRefCitation>
(Pulau Tekong).— H.C. Ho
<emphasis id="328D4677FFF6B81AFE46410B78FE0938" box="[442,496,1617,1643]" italics="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">et al.</emphasis>
, 2019: 124, 125 (Alexandra Woodlands; Clementi Forest).—H.T.W. Tan
<emphasis id="328D4677FFF6B81AFAE5410B7C5E0938" box="[1305,1360,1617,1643]" italics="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">et al.</emphasis>
, 2019: 133 (Kent Ridge Park; National University of Singapore Kent Ridge Campus).—R.C.H. Teo &amp; Thomas, 2019: 147, 157, 180 (Bukit Timah Nature Reserve).—Toh, 2019: 52 (Lower Peirce Trail [LPF]).—Allain &amp; Goodman, 2020: 217, 218 (Singapore Botanic Gardens [Rain Forest]).—K.K.P.
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FFF6B81AFEAB41B878E309A8" author="Lim K. K. P." box="[343,493,1761,1787]" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" pagination="1 - 6" refId="ref326243" refString="Lim K. K. P. (2020) Snakes and lizards recorded by Alexander Cross in Singapore from 1942 to 1945. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2020 (Spec. No.), 1 - 6." type="journal article" year="2020">Lim, 2020: 6</bibRefCitation>
(Sime Road Camp [= SICC]).—
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FFF6B81AFC9441B87D5609A8" author="Agius, J. E. &amp; Rose, K. &amp; Emery, J. - P. &amp; Phalen, D. N." box="[872,1112,1761,1788]" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" pagination="1 - 15" refId="ref286714" refString="Agius, J. E., Rose, K., Emery, J. - P. &amp; Phalen, D. N. (2021) Experimental infection of Asian house geckos with Enterococcus lacertideformus demonstrates multiple disease transmission routes and the in-vivo efficacy of antibiotics. Scientific Reports, 11 (13858), 1 - 15. https: // doi. org / 10.1038 / s 41598 - 021 - 92999 - y" type="journal article" year="2021">
Agius
<emphasis id="328D4677FFF6B81AFC4B41BB7AFF09A8" box="[951,1009,1761,1787]" italics="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">et al.</emphasis>
, 2021: 2
</bibRefCitation>
.—Figueroa &amp; J. Tan, 2021: 1 (Prunus Boardwalk, Thomson Ridge Forest).—B.C. Ng, 2021: 132 (Pang Sua Woodland).— Seow-En, 2021: 1 (Pasir Ris Park).—H.B. Thio, 2021: 1 (Mount Faber Road).—
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FFF6B81AFAF4407078A30834" author="Aman, J. &amp; Koh, K. H. &amp; Dubey, K. &amp; Yap, C. J. G." pageId="108" pageNumber="109" pagination="2022115" refId="ref287412" refString="Aman, J., Koh, K. H., Dubey, K. &amp; Yap, C. J. G. (2022) Biodiversity Record: Prey of Wagler's pit-vipers in Singapore. Nature in Singapore, 15, e 2022115." type="journal article" year="2022">
Aman
<emphasis id="328D4677FFF6B81AFAA540737C980810" box="[1369,1430,1833,1859]" italics="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">et al.</emphasis>
, 2022: 1
</bibRefCitation>
(“north-western edge of the Central Catchment Nature Reserve”).—
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FFF6B81AFB484014787B08D8" author="Janssen, J. &amp; Sy, E." pageId="108" pageNumber="109" refId="ref316277" refString="Janssen, J. &amp; Sy, E. (2022) A Naturalist's Guide to the Lizards of Southeast Asia. John Beaufoy Publishing Ltd, England, 176 pp." type="book" year="2022">Janssen &amp; Sy, 2022: 89</bibRefCitation>
, 160.—Figueroa, 2022: 2.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="00469A65FFF6B81BFF0B40CC7B520F86" blockId="108.[151,1437,429,2040]" lastBlockId="109.[151,1438,150,1689]" lastPageId="109" lastPageNumber="110" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FFF6B81AFF0B40CC7B0B08FC" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1845" box="[247,517,1941,1967]" class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Gecko" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="monarchus">
<emphasis id="328D4677FFF6B81AFF0B40CC783108FC" box="[247,319,1941,1967]" italics="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">Gecko</emphasis>
[sic]
<emphasis id="328D4677FFF6B81AFE7640CC7B0B08FC" box="[394,517,1941,1967]" italics="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">monarchus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
—F. M̧ller, 1878: 638.—
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FFF6B81AFCC540CC7AF008E3" author="Boulenger, G. A." box="[825,1022,1941,1968]" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" refId="ref291950" refString="Boulenger, G. A. (1885) Catalogue of the Lizards in the British Museum (Natural History). 2 nd Edition. Vol. I. Geckonidae, Eublepharidae, Uroplatidae, Pygopodidae, Agamidae. Taylor and Francis, London, xii + 436 pp., 32 pls." type="book" year="1885">Boulenger, 1885</bibRefCitation>
a: 187–188.—
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FFF6B81AFB6240CC7C7408FC" author="Flower, S. S." box="[1182,1402,1941,1967]" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" pagination="856 - 914" refId="ref305802" refString="Flower, S. S. (1896) Notes on a collection of reptiles and batrachians made in the Malay Peninsula in 1895 - 96; with a list of the species recorded from that region. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1896 (4), 856 - 914, pls. 44 - 46." type="journal article" year="1896">Flower, 1896: 868</bibRefCitation>
.—
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FFF6B81AFEAB40E07B210880" author="Hanitsch, R." box="[343,559,1977,2003]" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" pagination="11 - 22" refId="ref312325" refString="Hanitsch, R. (1898) Annual report of the curator and librarian on the Raffles Library and Museum, for the Year Ending 31 st December, 1897. In: Straits Settlements, Annual Reports for the Year 1898. Published by Authority, Singapore, pp. 11 - 22." type="book chapter" year="1898">Hanitsch, 1898: 19</bibRefCitation>
.—
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FFF6B81AFDAC40E07A190880" author="Bedford, F. P." box="[592,791,1977,2003]" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" pagination="8" refId="ref290966" refString="Bedford, F. P. (1899) Gecko cannibalism. Nature, 60 (1540), 8. https: // doi. org / 10.1038 / 060008 d 0" type="journal article" year="1899">Bedford, 1899: 8</bibRefCitation>
.—
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FFF6B81AFCC440E07D010887" author="Flower, S. S." box="[824,1039,1977,2004]" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" pagination="600 - 696" refId="ref305863" refString="Flower, S. S. (1899 b) Notes on a second collection of reptiles made in the Malay Peninsula and Siam, from November 1896 - September 1898, with a list of the species recorded from those countries. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1899 (4), 600 - 696, pls. 36 - 37." type="journal article" year="1899">Flower, 1899: 635</bibRefCitation>
.—Ridley, 1899: 206.—
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FFF6B81AFADC40E078B208AB" author="Boulenger, G. A." pageId="108" pageNumber="109" refId="ref292615" refString="Boulenger, G. A. (1912) A Vertebrate Fauna of the Malay Peninsula from the Isthmus of Kra to Singapore, Including the Adjacent Islands. Reptilia and Batrachia, Taylor and Francis, London, xiii + 294 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 10813" type="book" year="1912">Boulenger, 1912: 51</bibRefCitation>
.—
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FFF6B81AFE2240847BC508A4" author="Hanitsch, R." box="[478,715,2013,2040]" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" refId="ref312636" refString="Hanitsch, R. (1912 b) List of the Birds, Reptiles and Amphibians in the Raffles Museum, Singapore. Raffles Library and Museum, Singapore, 19 pp." type="book" year="1912">Hanitsch, 1912b: 14</bibRefCitation>
.—
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FFF6B81AFD1140847AD608AB" author="Moulton, J. C." box="[749,984,2013,2040]" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" pagination="557 - 577" refId="ref331801" refString="Moulton, J. C. (1922) Raffles Museum and Library, for the year 1920. Annual Departmental Reports of the Straits Settlements for the Year 1921. Published by Authority, Singapore, pp. 557 - 577." type="book chapter" year="1922">Moulton, 1922: 567</bibRefCitation>
.—Sworder, 1924a: 20 (Pulau Sudong; Pulau Ubin).—Sworder, 1925a: 65.—Ridley, 1934: 59.—
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FFF7B81BFC2447CF7D8E0FE2" author="Cross, A." box="[984,1152,150,177]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" pagination="1 - 4" refId="ref300067" refString="Cross, A. (2020 f) Notes on the species of Ophidia and Lacertilia obtained at Sime Road Internment Camp, Singapore, during November 1944. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2020 (Spec. No. 6), 1 - 4." type="book chapter" year="2020">
<collectingRegion id="C23D5487FFF7B81BFC2447CF7D150FE2" box="[984,1051,150,177]" country="Nigeria" name="Cross River" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Cross</collectingRegion>
, 2020f: 3
</bibRefCitation>
.—
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FFF7B81BFB5F47CE7C5D0FE2" author="Cross, A." box="[1187,1363,151,177]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" pagination="1 - 2" refId="ref300295" refString="Cross, A. (2020 k) Notes on the species of Ophidia and Lacertilia obtained in Sime Road Internment Camp, Singapore, during April 1945. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2020 (Spec. 11), 1 - 2." type="journal article" year="2020">
<collectingRegion id="C23D5487FFF7B81BFB5F47CE7DE90FE2" box="[1187,1255,151,177]" country="Nigeria" name="Cross River" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Cross</collectingRegion>
, 2020k: 2
</bibRefCitation>
(Sime Road Camp [= SICC]).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="48E3C9EEFFF7B81BFF6B47867B250DFA" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="00469A65FFF7B81BFF6B47867A470DD6" blockId="109.[151,1438,150,1689]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">
<emphasis id="328D4677FFF7B81BFF6B478678050FAA" bold="true" box="[151,267,223,249]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Remarks.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FFF7B81BFEE9478678890FAA" box="[277,391,223,249]" name="Singapore" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Singapore</collectingCountry>
as a locality for
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FFF7B81BFDAF47867BFA0FAA" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1845" box="[595,756,223,249]" class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Gecko" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="monarchus">
<emphasis id="328D4677FFF7B81BFDAF47867BFA0FAA" box="[595,756,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">G. monarchus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was first reported by
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FFF7B81BFC0647867DA60FAA" author="Cantor, T. E." box="[1018,1192,223,249]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" pagination="607 - 656" refId="ref294201" refString="Cantor, T. E. (1847 a) Catalogue of reptiles inhabiting the Malayan Peninsula and islands, collected or observed by Theodore Cantor, Esq., M. D. Bengal Medical Service. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, 16 (Part 2, No. 180), 607 - 656, pl. 20. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 5057" type="journal article" year="1847">Cantor (1847a)</bibRefCitation>
without any specific details. Following, specimens were reported from different museum collections (
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FFF7B81BFB5F465A7C4F0E4E" author="Girard, C." box="[1187,1345,258,285]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" refId="ref307400" refString="Girard, C. (1858 b) United States Exploring Expedition during the years 1838, 1839, 1840, 1841, 1842, under the command of Charles Wilkes, U. S. N. Vol. XX. Herpetology. Philadelphia, J. B. Lippincott and Company, xvii + 496 pp., 32 pls." type="book" year="1858">Girard 1858b</bibRefCitation>
; M̧ller 1878;
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FFF7B81BFEC1467E78FF0E12" author="Boulenger, G. A." box="[317,497,294,321]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" refId="ref291950" refString="Boulenger, G. A. (1885) Catalogue of the Lizards in the British Museum (Natural History). 2 nd Edition. Vol. I. Geckonidae, Eublepharidae, Uroplatidae, Pygopodidae, Agamidae. Taylor and Francis, London, xii + 436 pp., 32 pls." type="book" year="1885">Boulenger 1885</bibRefCitation>
a) before
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FFF7B81BFDA5467E7BF70E12" author="Flower, S. S." box="[601,761,295,321]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" pagination="856 - 914" refId="ref305802" refString="Flower, S. S. (1896) Notes on a collection of reptiles and batrachians made in the Malay Peninsula in 1895 - 96; with a list of the species recorded from that region. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1896 (4), 856 - 914, pls. 44 - 46." type="journal article" year="1896">Flower (1896)</bibRefCitation>
expressed that he found it quite common at SBG, and within homes (
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FFF7B81BFEAE461278E40E36" author="Flower, S. S." box="[338,490,331,357]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" pagination="600 - 696" refId="ref305863" refString="Flower, S. S. (1899 b) Notes on a second collection of reptiles made in the Malay Peninsula and Siam, from November 1896 - September 1898, with a list of the species recorded from those countries. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1899 (4), 600 - 696, pls. 36 - 37." type="journal article" year="1899">Flower 1899</bibRefCitation>
). Sworder (1925a) also described
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FFF7B81BFC8446127D170E36" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1845" box="[888,1049,331,357]" class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Gecko" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="monarchus">
<emphasis id="328D4677FFF7B81BFC8446127D170E36" box="[888,1049,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">G. monarchus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as common, and also found it at Pulau Sudong and Pulau Ubin (Sworder 1924a). Between Ridley (1934) and
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FFF7B81BFB9C46367DFF0EDA" author="Chou, L. M." box="[1120,1265,366,393]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" pagination="130 - 138" refId="ref297177" refString="Chou, L. M. (1975) Systematic account of the Singapore house geckos. Journal of the Singapore National Academy of Science, 4 (3), 130 - 138." type="journal article" year="1975">Chou (1975)</bibRefCitation>
,
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FFF7B81BFB0246367C920EDA" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1845" box="[1278,1436,367,393]" class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Gecko" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="monarchus">
<emphasis id="328D4677FFF7B81BFB0246367C920EDA" box="[1278,1436,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">G. monarchus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
went unreported for 41 years (
<tableCitation id="4D7BAFDEFFF7B81BFDA646CA7BBA0EFE" box="[602,692,403,429]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="16.[152,254,432,458]" captionTargetBox="[207,1414,726,1982]" captionText="TABLE 2. Checklist of the 166 herpetofauna species of Singapore, the year the first specimen was reported or collected, status in Singapore, and number of years went unreported from Singapore prior to 1990. If the reference is from a museum collection, then the museum symbolic code is listed. Under status, IND = Indeterminate (possibly extirpated). Year in parentheses under the last column is the year the species was last reported from Singapore. The herpetofauna of Singapore comprises 31 amphibians and 135 reptiles consisting of two caecilians, 29 frogs (five non-native), 1 crocodilian, 17 turtles (four non-native), 40 lizards (6 non-native), and 77 snakes (two non-native). If the year collected is not specified, then the year reported is used in its place." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/5486CAEDFF8AB866FF6446E978550D95" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" tableUuid="5486CAEDFF8AB866FF6446E978550D95">Table 2</tableCitation>
), but
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FFF7B81BFD0746CA7A970EFE" author="Cross, A." box="[763,921,403,429]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" pagination="1 - 4" refId="ref300067" refString="Cross, A. (2020 f) Notes on the species of Ophidia and Lacertilia obtained at Sime Road Internment Camp, Singapore, during November 1944. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2020 (Spec. No. 6), 1 - 4." type="book chapter" year="2020">Cross (2020f)</bibRefCitation>
recorded one in 1944 that was just recently published.
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FFF7B81BFE8E46EE7B0E0E82" author="Chou, L. M." box="[370,512,438,465]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" pagination="130 - 138" refId="ref297177" refString="Chou, L. M. (1975) Systematic account of the Singapore house geckos. Journal of the Singapore National Academy of Science, 4 (3), 130 - 138." type="journal article" year="1975">Chou (1975)</bibRefCitation>
indicated that the numbers of
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FFF7B81BFCA946EE7AFC0E82" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1845" box="[853,1010,439,465]" class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Gecko" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="monarchus">
<emphasis id="328D4677FFF7B81BFCA946EE7AFC0E82" box="[853,1010,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">G. monarchus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
decreased since Sworder (1925a) due to rapid urbanisation, a position shared by
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FFF7B81BFD2246827A6F0EA6" author="Koh, N." box="[734,865,475,501]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" pagination="1 - 2" refId="ref318967" refString="Koh, N. (1986) Leaping lizards! Know your house guests. The cicak is really ' a nice guy'. From gecko to commodore dragon. The Straits Times, 17 February 1986, Section 2, 1 - 2." type="book chapter" year="1986">Koh (1986)</bibRefCitation>
who asserted that
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FFF7B81BFBCA46827DDB0EA6" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1845" box="[1078,1237,475,501]" class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Gecko" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="monarchus">
<emphasis id="328D4677FFF7B81BFBCA46827DDB0EA6" box="[1078,1237,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">G. monarchus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was rarely found in
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FFF7B81BFEEA46A678860D4A" box="[278,392,511,537]" name="Singapore" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Singapore</collectingCountry>
due to a loss of natural habitat. If
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FFF7B81BFCE246A67AB00D4A" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1845" box="[798,958,511,537]" class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Gecko" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="monarchus">
<emphasis id="328D4677FFF7B81BFCE246A67AB00D4A" box="[798,958,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">G. monarchus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
numbers did decline over the years, then certainly the species has rebounded as it is extremely common and ubiquitous today (
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FFF7B81BFB49457A7C9F0D6E" author="Baker, N. &amp; Lim, K. P." box="[1205,1425,547,573]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" refId="ref289917" refString="Baker, N. &amp; Lim, K. P. (2012) Wild Animals of Singapore: A Photographic Guide to Mammals, Reptiles, Amphibians and Freshwater Fishes. Updated Edition. Draco Publishing and Distribution Pte Ltd and Nature Society, Singapore, 180 pp." type="book" year="2012">Baker &amp; Lim 2012</bibRefCitation>
). The possibility exists that
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FFF7B81BFDD6451E7BB20D32" author="Chou, L. M." box="[554,700,582,609]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" pagination="130 - 138" refId="ref297177" refString="Chou, L. M. (1975) Systematic account of the Singapore house geckos. Journal of the Singapore National Academy of Science, 4 (3), 130 - 138." type="journal article" year="1975">Chou (1975)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FFF7B81BFD05451E7A700D32" author="Koh, N." box="[761,894,583,609]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" pagination="1 - 2" refId="ref318967" refString="Koh, N. (1986) Leaping lizards! Know your house guests. The cicak is really ' a nice guy'. From gecko to commodore dragon. The Straits Times, 17 February 1986, Section 2, 1 - 2." type="book chapter" year="1986">Koh (1986)</bibRefCitation>
were basing their assessments on urban areas, despite
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FFF7B81BFEB1453278E50DD6" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1845" box="[333,491,619,645]" class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Gecko" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="monarchus">
<emphasis id="328D4677FFF7B81BFEB1453278E50DD6" box="[333,491,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">G. monarchus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
being more of a forest species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="00469A65FFF7B81BFF6B45D77B250DFA" blockId="109.[151,1438,150,1689]" box="[151,555,654,681]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">
<emphasis id="328D4677FFF7B81BFF6B45D778240DFB" bold="true" box="[151,298,654,680]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Occurrence.</emphasis>
Ubiquitous. Common.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="48E3C9EEFFF7B81BFF6B45EB787408D1" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="00469A65FFF7B81BFF6B45EB7BBB0D9E" blockId="109.[151,1438,150,1689]" box="[151,693,690,717]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">
<emphasis id="328D4677FFF7B81BFF6B45EB7B0A0D9E" bold="true" box="[151,516,690,717]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FFF7B81BFF6B45EB781E0D9F" box="[151,272,690,716]" name="Singapore" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Singapore</collectingCountry>
conservation status.
</emphasis>
Least Concern.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="00469A65FFF7B81BFF6B458F7B0C0DA2" blockId="109.[151,1438,150,1689]" box="[151,514,726,753]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">
<emphasis id="328D4677FFF7B81BFF6B458F78AF0DA3" bold="true" box="[151,417,726,752]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Conservation priority.</emphasis>
Lowest.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="00469A65FFF7B81BFF6B45A37BDB0C46" blockId="109.[151,1438,150,1689]" box="[151,725,762,789]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">
<emphasis id="328D4677FFF7B81BFF6B45A378DC0C46" bold="true" box="[151,466,762,789]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">IUCN conservation status.</emphasis>
Least Concern [2021].
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="00469A65FFF7B81BFF6B44477C840BBA" blockId="109.[151,1438,150,1689]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">
<emphasis id="328D4677FFF7B81BFF6B44477AD60C6B" bold="true" box="[151,984,798,825]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">
<materialsCitation id="B0919038FFF7B81BFF6B44477ADD0C6B" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4120688866" box="[151,979,798,825]" collectionCode="LKCNHM, NHMUK" collectorName="Museum" country="Singapore" location="Singapore" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" specimenCount="1">
<collectionCode id="66E802A0FFF7B81BFF6B444778160C6B" box="[151,280,798,824]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">LKCNHM</collectionCode>
&amp;
<collectionCode id="66E802A0FFF7B81BFEB8444678BC0C6A" box="[324,434,799,825]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" type="Museum">NHMUK</collectionCode>
<collectorName id="AD0CFFB3FFF7B81BFE4144467B2B0C6A" box="[445,549,799,825]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Museum</collectorName>
specimens.
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FFF7B81BFD4644477A3D0C6B" box="[698,819,798,824]" name="Singapore" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Singapore</collectingCountry>
(no locality)
</materialsCitation>
:
</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="B0919038FFF7B81BFC1E44467C340C6A" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4120687862" box="[994,1338,799,825]" collectionCode="BMNH" country="Singapore" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" specimenCode="BMNH 1883.1" specimenCount="1">
<specimenCode id="505F321EFFF7B81BFC1E44467D810C6A" box="[994,1167,799,825]" collectionCode="BMNH" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">BMNH 1883.1</specimenCode>
.22.1 (no date)
</materialsCitation>
,
<materialsCitation id="B0919038FFF7B81BFAB444467D5C0C0E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4120688433" collectingDate="1897-05" collectionCode="BMNH, ZRC" country="Singapore" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" specimenCount="1">
<collectionCode id="66E802A0FFF7B81BFAB444467C920C6A" box="[1352,1436,799,825]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">BMNH</collectionCode>
1896.4.17.6–7 (no date),
<collectionCode id="66E802A0FFF7B81BFDD3441A7B660C0E" box="[559,616,835,861]" country="Singapore" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/16z4-1tbx" name="Zoological Reference Collection, National University of Singapore" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">ZRC</collectionCode>
.2.1043 (1897),
<collectionCode id="66E802A0FFF7B81BFCD1441B7A680C0E" box="[813,870,834,861]" country="Singapore" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/16z4-1tbx" name="Zoological Reference Collection, National University of Singapore" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">ZRC</collectionCode>
.2.1055 (
<date id="7447BCA5FFF7B81BFC2C441A7D450C0E" box="[976,1099,835,861]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" value="1897-05">
<collectingDate id="6403454DFFF7B81BFC2C441A7D450C0E" box="[976,1099,835,861]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" value="1897-05">May-1897</collectingDate>
</date>
)
</materialsCitation>
,
<materialsCitation id="B0919038FFF7B81BFB94441A7C990C0E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4120687802" box="[1128,1431,835,861]" collectingDate="1898-06-01" collectionCode="ZRC" country="Singapore" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" specimenCount="1">
<collectionCode id="66E802A0FFF7B81BFB94441A7DAE0C0E" box="[1128,1184,835,861]" country="Singapore" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/16z4-1tbx" name="Zoological Reference Collection, National University of Singapore" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">ZRC</collectionCode>
.2.1046 (
<date id="7447BCA5FFF7B81BFAF7441A7C810C0E" box="[1291,1423,835,861]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" value="1898-06-01">
<collectingDate id="6403454DFFF7B81BFAF7441A7C810C0E" box="[1291,1423,835,861]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" value="1898-06-01">1-Jun-1898</collectingDate>
</date>
)
</materialsCitation>
,
<materialsCitation id="B0919038FFF7B81BFF0B443E7B3F0CD2" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4120688959" box="[247,561,871,897]" collectingDate="1898-06-12" collectionCode="ZRC" country="Singapore" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" specimenCount="1">
<collectionCode id="66E802A0FFF7B81BFF0B443E78210CD2" box="[247,303,871,897]" country="Singapore" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/16z4-1tbx" name="Zoological Reference Collection, National University of Singapore" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">ZRC</collectionCode>
.2.1047 (
<date id="7447BCA5FFF7B81BFE6B443E7B270CD2" box="[407,553,871,897]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" value="1898-06-12">
<collectingDate id="6403454DFFF7B81BFE6B443E7B270CD2" box="[407,553,871,897]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" value="1898-06-12">12-Jun-1898</collectingDate>
</date>
)
</materialsCitation>
,
<materialsCitation id="B0919038FFF7B81BFDBE443F7A5F0CD2" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4120689813" box="[578,849,870,897]" collectingDate="1898-07" collectionCode="ZRC" country="Singapore" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" specimenCount="1">
<collectionCode id="66E802A0FFF7B81BFDBE443F7B750CD2" box="[578,635,870,897]" country="Singapore" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/16z4-1tbx" name="Zoological Reference Collection, National University of Singapore" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">ZRC</collectionCode>
.2.1045 (
<date id="7447BCA5FFF7B81BFD1E443E7A460CD2" box="[738,840,871,897]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" value="1898-07">
<collectingDate id="6403454DFFF7B81BFD1E443E7A460CD2" box="[738,840,871,897]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" value="1898-07">Jul-1898</collectingDate>
</date>
)
</materialsCitation>
,
<materialsCitation id="B0919038FFF7B81BFC9E443E7D700CD2" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4120689822" box="[866,1150,870,897]" collectingDate="1951-03" collectionCode="ZRC" country="Singapore" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" specimenCount="1">
<collectionCode id="66E802A0FFF7B81BFC9E443E7A940CD2" box="[866,922,871,897]" country="Singapore" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/16z4-1tbx" name="Zoological Reference Collection, National University of Singapore" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">ZRC</collectionCode>
.2.1048 (
<date id="7447BCA5FFF7B81BFBFD443F7D780CD2" box="[1025,1142,870,897]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" value="1951-03">
<collectingDate id="6403454DFFF7B81BFBFD443F7D780CD2" box="[1025,1142,870,897]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" value="1951-03">Mar-1951</collectingDate>
</date>
)
</materialsCitation>
,
<materialsCitation id="B0919038FFF7B81BFB73443E7ABF0CF6" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4120689284" collectionCode="ZRC" country="Singapore" location="Barkers Estate" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" specimenCount="1">
<collectionCode id="66E802A0FFF7B81BFB73443E7DC90CD2" box="[1167,1223,871,897]" country="Singapore" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/16z4-1tbx" name="Zoological Reference Collection, National University of Singapore" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">ZRC</collectionCode>
.2.1049 (11-1951),
<collectionCode id="66E802A0FFF7B81BFF0B44D3783E0CF6" box="[247,304,906,933]" country="Singapore" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/16z4-1tbx" name="Zoological Reference Collection, National University of Singapore" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">ZRC</collectionCode>
.2.1945 (1952),
<collectionCode id="66E802A0FFF7B81BFE1944D37B130CF6" box="[485,541,906,933]" country="Singapore" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/16z4-1tbx" name="Zoological Reference Collection, National University of Singapore" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">ZRC</collectionCode>
.2.1050 (11-1952);
<location id="0526CCBEFFF7B81BFD0544D27ABF0CF6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:88502B73FFF6B81BFF6B46F4787408D1:0526CCBEFFF7B81BFD0544D27ABF0CF6" box="[761,945,907,933]" country="Singapore" name="Barkers Estate" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">
<emphasis id="328D4677FFF7B81BFD0544D27ABF0CF6" bold="true" box="[761,945,907,933]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Barkers Estate</emphasis>
</location>
</materialsCitation>
<emphasis id="328D4677FFF7B81BFC4D44D27AB80CF6" bold="true" box="[945,950,907,933]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">:</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="B0919038FFF7B81BFC4344D37C990CF6" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4120687997" box="[959,1431,906,933]" collectingDate="1921-08-21" collectionCode="ZRC" country="Singapore" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" specimenCount="1">
<collectionCode id="66E802A0FFF7B81BFC4344D37AF90CF6" box="[959,1015,906,933]" country="Singapore" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/16z4-1tbx" name="Zoological Reference Collection, National University of Singapore" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">ZRC</collectionCode>
.2.1051–
<collectionCode id="66E802A0FFF7B81BFBAB44D37D810CF6" box="[1111,1167,906,933]" country="Singapore" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/16z4-1tbx" name="Zoological Reference Collection, National University of Singapore" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">ZRC</collectionCode>
.2.1052 (
<date id="7447BCA5FFF7B81BFB0F44D27C9E0CF6" box="[1267,1424,907,933]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" value="1921-08-21">
<collectingDate id="6403454DFFF7B81BFB0F44D27C9E0CF6" box="[1267,1424,907,933]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" value="1921-08-21">21-Aug-1921</collectingDate>
</date>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<emphasis id="328D4677FFF7B81BFF0B44F778C00C9B" bold="true" box="[247,462,942,968]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Botanic Gardens:</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="B0919038FFF7B81BFE2444F67BEB0C9A" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4120689737" box="[472,741,943,969]" collectingDate="1897-07" collectionCode="ZRC" country="Singapore" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" specimenCount="1">
<collectionCode id="66E802A0FFF7B81BFE2444F67B1E0C9A" box="[472,528,943,969]" country="Singapore" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/16z4-1tbx" name="Zoological Reference Collection, National University of Singapore" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">ZRC</collectionCode>
.2.1042 (
<date id="7447BCA5FFF7B81BFD8A44F67BD30C9A" box="[630,733,943,969]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" value="1897-07">
<collectingDate id="6403454DFFF7B81BFD8A44F67BD30C9A" box="[630,733,943,969]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" value="1897-07">Jul-1897</collectingDate>
</date>
)
</materialsCitation>
,
<materialsCitation id="B0919038FFF7B81BFD0844F67D040C9A" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4120688921" box="[756,1034,943,969]" collectingDate="1898-02" collectionCode="ZRC" country="Singapore" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" specimenCount="1">
<collectionCode id="66E802A0FFF7B81BFD0844F67A220C9A" box="[756,812,943,969]" country="Singapore" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/16z4-1tbx" name="Zoological Reference Collection, National University of Singapore" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">ZRC</collectionCode>
.2.1044 (
<date id="7447BCA5FFF7B81BFC6D44F67D0C0C9A" box="[913,1026,943,969]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" value="1898-02">
<collectingDate id="6403454DFFF7B81BFC6D44F67D0C0C9A" box="[913,1026,943,969]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" value="1898-02">Feb-1898</collectingDate>
</date>
)
</materialsCitation>
,
<materialsCitation id="B0919038FFF7B81BFBE544F67C5B0C9A" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4120688789" box="[1049,1365,943,969]" collectingDate="1962-02-16" collectionCode="ZRC" country="Singapore" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" specimenCount="1">
<collectionCode id="66E802A0FFF7B81BFBE544F67D5F0C9A" box="[1049,1105,943,969]" country="Singapore" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/16z4-1tbx" name="Zoological Reference Collection, National University of Singapore" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">ZRC</collectionCode>
.2.1486 (
<date id="7447BCA5FFF7B81BFB4B44F67C430C9A" box="[1207,1357,943,969]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" value="1962-02-16">
<collectingDate id="6403454DFFF7B81BFB4B44F67C430C9A" box="[1207,1357,943,969]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" value="1962-02-16">16-Feb-1962</collectingDate>
</date>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<emphasis id="328D4677FFF7B81BFA9844F6789D0CBE" bold="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Bras Basah Road:</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="B0919038FFF7B81BFE62448A7BD20CBE" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4120688352" box="[414,732,979,1005]" collectingDate="1963-12-27" collectionCode="ZRC" country="Singapore" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" specimenCount="1">
<collectionCode id="66E802A0FFF7B81BFE62448A78D80CBE" box="[414,470,979,1005]" country="Singapore" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/16z4-1tbx" name="Zoological Reference Collection, National University of Singapore" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">ZRC</collectionCode>
.2.6299 (
<date id="7447BCA5FFF7B81BFDC6448A7BDA0CBE" box="[570,724,979,1005]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" value="1963-12-27">
<collectingDate id="6403454DFFF7B81BFDC6448A7BDA0CBE" box="[570,724,979,1005]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" value="1963-12-27">27-Dec-1963</collectingDate>
</date>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<emphasis id="328D4677FFF7B81BFD16448B7AE70CBE" bold="true" box="[746,1001,978,1005]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">
<materialsCitation id="B0919038FFF7B81BFD16448B7AEC0CBE" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4120689507" box="[746,994,978,1005]" collectionCode="SRF" collectorName="Bukit Kalang" country="Singapore" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" specimenCount="1">
<collectorName id="AD0CFFB3FFF7B81BFD16448B7A800CBE" box="[746,910,978,1005]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Bukit Kalang</collectorName>
[
<collectionCode id="66E802A0FFF7B81BFC63448B7AD80CBF" box="[927,982,978,1004]" country="China" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14015" name="Shangrao Forestry Institute" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" type="Herbarium">SRF</collectionCode>
]
</materialsCitation>
:
</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="B0919038FFF7B81BFC0F448A78BB0B42" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4120687585" collectionCode="ZRC" country="Singapore" location="Bukit Timah Nature Reserve" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" specimenCount="1">
<collectionCode id="66E802A0FFF7B81BFC0F448A7D250CBE" box="[1011,1067,979,1005]" country="Singapore" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/16z4-1tbx" name="Zoological Reference Collection, National University of Singapore" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">ZRC</collectionCode>
.2.6832 (no date);
<location id="0526CCBEFFF7B81BFAFD448B78BB0B42" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:88502B73FFF6B81BFF6B46F4787408D1:0526CCBEFFF7B81BFAFD448B78BB0B42" country="Singapore" name="Bukit Timah Nature Reserve" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">
<emphasis id="328D4677FFF7B81BFAFD448B78BB0B42" bold="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Bukit Timah Nature Reserve</emphasis>
</location>
</materialsCitation>
<emphasis id="328D4677FFF7B81BFE4944AE78B40B42" bold="true" box="[437,442,1015,1041]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">:</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="B0919038FFF7B81BFE3D44AE7BF70B42" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4120687939" box="[449,761,1015,1041]" collectingDate="1994-09-13" collectionCode="ZRC" country="Singapore" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" specimenCount="1">
<collectionCode id="66E802A0FFF7B81BFE3D44AE78F70B42" box="[449,505,1015,1041]" country="Singapore" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/16z4-1tbx" name="Zoological Reference Collection, National University of Singapore" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">ZRC</collectionCode>
.2.3480 (
<date id="7447BCA5FFF7B81BFDA744AE7BFF0B42" box="[603,753,1015,1041]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" value="1994-09-13">
<collectingDate id="6403454DFFF7B81BFDA744AE7BFF0B42" box="[603,753,1015,1041]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" value="1994-09-13">13-Sep-1994</collectingDate>
</date>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<emphasis id="328D4677FFF7B81BFCF844AF7AC90B42" bold="true" box="[772,967,1014,1041]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Chun Tin Road:</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="B0919038FFF7B81BFC3344AF7C040B42" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4120689843" box="[975,1290,1014,1041]" collectingDate="1996-12-15" collectionCode="ZRC" country="Singapore" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" specimenCount="1">
<collectionCode id="66E802A0FFF7B81BFC3344AF7D090B42" box="[975,1031,1014,1041]" country="Singapore" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/16z4-1tbx" name="Zoological Reference Collection, National University of Singapore" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">ZRC</collectionCode>
.2.4756 (
<date id="7447BCA5FFF7B81BFB9444AF7C0F0B42" box="[1128,1281,1014,1041]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" value="1996-12-15">
<collectingDate id="6403454DFFF7B81BFB9444AF7C0F0B42" box="[1128,1281,1014,1041]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" value="1996-12-15">15-Dec-1996</collectingDate>
</date>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<emphasis id="328D4677FFF7B81BFAE944AF78350B66" bold="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Greenbank Park:</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="B0919038FFF7B81BFEB743437A360B67" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4120688062" box="[331,824,1050,1077]" collectionCode="ZRC" country="Singapore" location="Hindhede Drive" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" specimenCount="1">
<collectionCode id="66E802A0FFF7B81BFEB74343788D0B66" box="[331,387,1050,1077]" country="Singapore" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/16z4-1tbx" name="Zoological Reference Collection, National University of Singapore" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">ZRC</collectionCode>
.2.4568 (11-1998);
<location id="0526CCBEFFF7B81BFD9043437A360B67" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:88502B73FFF6B81BFF6B46F4787408D1:0526CCBEFFF7B81BFD9043437A360B67" box="[620,824,1050,1076]" country="Singapore" name="Hindhede Drive" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">
<emphasis id="328D4677FFF7B81BFD9043437A360B67" bold="true" box="[620,824,1050,1076]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Hindhede Drive</emphasis>
</location>
</materialsCitation>
<emphasis id="328D4677FFF7B81BFCC443437A330B67" bold="true" box="[824,829,1050,1076]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">:</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="B0919038FFF7B81BFCB143427D820B66" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4120687323" box="[845,1164,1051,1077]" collectingDate="1989-10-01" collectionCode="ZRC" country="Singapore" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" specimenCount="1">
<collectionCode id="66E802A0FFF7B81BFCB143427A8B0B66" box="[845,901,1051,1077]" country="Singapore" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/16z4-1tbx" name="Zoological Reference Collection, National University of Singapore" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">ZRC</collectionCode>
.2.3479 (
<date id="7447BCA5FFF7B81BFC1343427D8A0B66" box="[1007,1156,1051,1077]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" value="1989-10-01">
<collectingDate id="6403454DFFF7B81BFC1343427D8A0B66" box="[1007,1156,1051,1077]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" value="1989-10-01">01-Oct-1989</collectingDate>
</date>
)
</materialsCitation>
,
<materialsCitation id="B0919038FFF7B81BFB5C434378320B0A" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4120688926" collectingDate="1990-02-20" collectionCode="ZRC" country="Singapore" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" specimenCount="1">
<collectionCode id="66E802A0FFF7B81BFB5C43437DD70B66" box="[1184,1241,1050,1077]" country="Singapore" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/16z4-1tbx" name="Zoological Reference Collection, National University of Singapore" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">ZRC</collectionCode>
.2.2533 (
<date id="7447BCA5FFF7B81BFABE4342783D0B0A" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" value="1990-02-20">
<collectingDate id="6403454DFFF7B81BFABE4342783D0B0A" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" value="1990-02-20">20-Feb-1990</collectingDate>
</date>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<emphasis id="328D4677FFF7B81BFEB443667B6F0B0A" bold="true" box="[328,609,1086,1113]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">
<materialsCitation id="B0919038FFF7B81BFEB443667B540B0A" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4120689032" box="[328,602,1086,1113]" collectionCode="CF" collectorName="Woods" country="Netherlands" location="Holland" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" specimenCount="1">
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FFF7B81BFEB4436678A60B0A" box="[328,424,1087,1113]" name="Netherlands" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Holland</collectingCountry>
<collectorName id="AD0CFFB3FFF7B81BFE4C43667B0F0B0A" box="[432,513,1087,1113]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Woods</collectorName>
[=
<collectionCode id="66E802A0FFF7B81BFDD543677B400B0B" box="[553,590,1086,1112]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">CF</collectionCode>
]
</materialsCitation>
:
</emphasis>
<collectionCode id="66E802A0FFF7B81BFD9543677BAF0B0A" box="[617,673,1086,1113]" country="Singapore" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/16z4-1tbx" name="Zoological Reference Collection, National University of Singapore" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">ZRC</collectionCode>
.2.7153–
<materialsCitation id="B0919038FFF7B81BFCFD43677D4E0B0A" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4120688688" box="[769,1088,1086,1113]" collectingDate="2006-11-01" collectionCode="ZRC" country="Netherlands" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" specimenCount="1">
<collectionCode id="66E802A0FFF7B81BFCFD43677A370B0A" box="[769,825,1086,1113]" country="Singapore" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/16z4-1tbx" name="Zoological Reference Collection, National University of Singapore" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">ZRC</collectionCode>
.2.7154 (
<date id="7447BCA5FFF7B81BFC6743667D370B0A" box="[923,1081,1087,1113]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" value="2006-11-01">
<collectingDate id="6403454DFFF7B81BFC6743667D370B0A" box="[923,1081,1087,1113]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" value="2006-11-01">01-Nov-2006</collectingDate>
</date>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<emphasis id="328D4677FFF7B81BFBB043667C920B0B" bold="true" box="[1100,1436,1086,1113]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">
<materialsCitation id="B0919038FFF7B81BFBB043667C980B0B" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4120689084" box="[1100,1430,1086,1113]" collectionCode="NUS" collectorName="Kent Ridge Campus" country="Netherlands" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" specimenCount="1">
<collectorName id="AD0CFFB3FFF7B81BFBB043667C4F0B0B" box="[1100,1345,1086,1113]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Kent Ridge Campus</collectorName>
[
<collectionCode id="66E802A0FFF7B81BFAAE43677C9E0B0B" box="[1362,1424,1086,1112]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">NUS</collectionCode>
]
</materialsCitation>
:
</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="B0919038FFF7B81BFF0B433A7B340B2E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4120689690" box="[247,570,1123,1149]" collectingDate="1992-08-03" collectionCode="ZRC" country="Netherlands" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" specimenCount="1">
<collectionCode id="66E802A0FFF7B81BFF0B433A78210B2E" box="[247,303,1123,1149]" country="Singapore" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/16z4-1tbx" name="Zoological Reference Collection, National University of Singapore" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">ZRC</collectionCode>
.2.3368 (
<date id="7447BCA5FFF7B81BFE6A433A7B3D0B2E" box="[406,563,1123,1149]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" value="1992-08-03">
<collectingDate id="6403454DFFF7B81BFE6A433A7B3D0B2E" box="[406,563,1123,1149]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" value="1992-08-03">03-Aug-1992</collectingDate>
</date>
)
</materialsCitation>
,
<materialsCitation id="B0919038FFF7B81BFDB0433B7D8B0B2E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4120687669" box="[588,1157,1122,1149]" collectingDate="2000-08-17" collectionCode="ZRC" country="Netherlands" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" specimenCount="1">
<collectionCode id="66E802A0FFF7B81BFDB0433B7B8B0B2E" box="[588,645,1122,1149]" country="Singapore" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/16z4-1tbx" name="Zoological Reference Collection, National University of Singapore" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">ZRC</collectionCode>
.2.5005 (1999),
<collectionCode id="66E802A0FFF7B81BFCBD433A7A770B2E" box="[833,889,1123,1149]" country="Singapore" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/16z4-1tbx" name="Zoological Reference Collection, National University of Singapore" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">ZRC</collectionCode>
.2.4829 (
<date id="7447BCA5FFF7B81BFC1C433A7D730B2E" box="[992,1149,1123,1149]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" value="2000-08-17">
<collectingDate id="6403454DFFF7B81BFC1C433A7D730B2E" box="[992,1149,1123,1149]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" value="2000-08-17">17-Aug-2000</collectingDate>
</date>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<emphasis id="328D4677FFF7B81BFB6A433A7C920B2E" bold="true" box="[1174,1436,1122,1149]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">
<materialsCitation id="B0919038FFF7B81BFB6A433A7C990B2E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4120689089" box="[1174,1431,1122,1149]" country="Netherlands" location="Lower Peirce Forest" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" specimenCount="1">
<location id="0526CCBEFFF7B81BFB6A433A7C990B2E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:88502B73FFF6B81BFF6B46F4787408D1:0526CCBEFFF7B81BFB6A433A7C990B2E" box="[1174,1431,1122,1149]" country="Netherlands" name="Lower Peirce Forest" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Lower Peirce Forest</location>
</materialsCitation>
:
</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="B0919038FFF7B81BFF0B43DE7B220BF2" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4120689513" box="[247,556,1159,1185]" collectingDate="1992-01-30" collectionCode="ZRC" country="Netherlands" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" specimenCount="1">
<collectionCode id="66E802A0FFF7B81BFF0B43DE78210BF2" box="[247,303,1159,1185]" country="Singapore" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/16z4-1tbx" name="Zoological Reference Collection, National University of Singapore" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">ZRC</collectionCode>
.2.3297 (
<date id="7447BCA5FFF7B81BFE6F43DE7B2B0BF2" box="[403,549,1159,1185]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" value="1992-01-30">
<collectingDate id="6403454DFFF7B81BFE6F43DE7B2B0BF2" box="[403,549,1159,1185]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" value="1992-01-30">30-Jan-1992</collectingDate>
</date>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<emphasis id="328D4677FFF7B81BFDC643DE7BC30BF3" bold="true" box="[570,717,1158,1185]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Pulau Ubin:</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="B0919038FFF7B81BFD2A43DF7D010BF2" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4120689373" box="[726,1039,1158,1185]" collectingDate="1921-02-26" collectionCode="ZRC" country="Netherlands" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" specimenCount="1">
<collectionCode id="66E802A0FFF7B81BFD2A43DF7A010BF2" box="[726,783,1158,1185]" country="Singapore" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/16z4-1tbx" name="Zoological Reference Collection, National University of Singapore" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">ZRC</collectionCode>
.2.1053 (
<date id="7447BCA5FFF7B81BFC8D43DE7D090BF2" box="[881,1031,1159,1185]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" value="1921-02-26">
<collectingDate id="6403454DFFF7B81BFC8D43DE7D090BF2" box="[881,1031,1159,1185]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" value="1921-02-26">26-Feb-1921</collectingDate>
</date>
)
</materialsCitation>
,
<materialsCitation id="B0919038FFF7B81BFBE043DF7C580BF2" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4120688565" box="[1052,1366,1158,1185]" collectingDate="1921-02-27" collectionCode="ZRC" country="Netherlands" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" specimenCount="1">
<collectionCode id="66E802A0FFF7B81BFBE043DF7D5A0BF2" box="[1052,1108,1158,1185]" country="Singapore" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/16z4-1tbx" name="Zoological Reference Collection, National University of Singapore" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">ZRC</collectionCode>
.2.1054 (
<date id="7447BCA5FFF7B81BFB4443DE7C410BF2" box="[1208,1359,1159,1185]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" value="1921-02-27">
<collectingDate id="6403454DFFF7B81BFB4443DE7C410BF2" box="[1208,1359,1159,1185]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" value="1921-02-27">27-Feb-1921</collectingDate>
</date>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<emphasis id="328D4677FFF7B81BFA9843DF7B440B96" bold="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">
<materialsCitation id="B0919038FFF7B81BFA9843DF7B4B0B96" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4120689495" collectorName="Tengah" country="Netherlands" location="Tengah Air Base" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" specimenCount="1">
RAF
<collectorName id="AD0CFFB3FFF7B81BFF0B43F278410B96" box="[247,335,1195,1221]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Tengah</collectorName>
[=
<location id="0526CCBEFFF7B81BFE8943F27B300B96" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:88502B73FFF6B81BFF6B46F4787408D1:0526CCBEFFF7B81BFE8943F27B300B96" box="[373,574,1194,1221]" country="Netherlands" name="Tengah Air Base" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Tengah Air Base</location>
]
</materialsCitation>
:
</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="B0919038FFF7B81BFDAD43F27D560B96" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4120689701" box="[593,1112,1194,1221]" collectionCode="BMNH" country="Netherlands" location="St. John's Island" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" specimenCode="BMNH 1983.947" specimenCount="1">
<specimenCode id="505F321EFFF7B81BFDAD43F27A1B0B96" box="[593,789,1195,1221]" collectionCode="BMNH" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">BMNH 1983.947</specimenCode>
(no date);
<location id="0526CCBEFFF7B81BFC7143F37D560B96" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:88502B73FFF6B81BFF6B46F4787408D1:0526CCBEFFF7B81BFC7143F37D560B96" box="[909,1112,1194,1221]" country="Netherlands" name="St. John's Island" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">
<emphasis id="328D4677FFF7B81BFC7143F37D560B96" bold="true" box="[909,1112,1194,1221]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">St. John’s Island</emphasis>
</location>
</materialsCitation>
<emphasis id="328D4677FFF7B81BFBA443F27D530B96" bold="true" box="[1112,1117,1195,1221]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">:</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="B0919038FFF7B81BFB9F43F27C960B96" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4120688681" box="[1123,1432,1195,1221]" collectingDate="2014-06-23" collectionCode="ZRC" country="Netherlands" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" specimenCount="1">
<collectionCode id="66E802A0FFF7B81BFB9F43F27D920B96" box="[1123,1180,1195,1221]" country="Singapore" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/16z4-1tbx" name="Zoological Reference Collection, National University of Singapore" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">ZRC</collectionCode>
.2.7083 (
<date id="7447BCA5FFF7B81BFB0043F27C9E0B96" box="[1276,1424,1195,1221]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" value="2014-06-23">
<collectingDate id="6403454DFFF7B81BFB0043F27C9E0B96" box="[1276,1424,1195,1221]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" value="2014-06-23">23-Jun-2014</collectingDate>
</date>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<emphasis id="328D4677FFF7B81BFF0B43967B120BBB" bold="true" box="[247,540,1230,1257]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Tan Tock Seng Hospital:</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="B0919038FFF7B81BFDDE43967A590BBA" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4120688784" box="[546,855,1231,1257]" collectingDate="1990-06-16" collectionCode="ZRC" country="Netherlands" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" specimenCount="1">
<collectionCode id="66E802A0FFF7B81BFDDE43967B550BBA" box="[546,603,1231,1257]" country="Singapore" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/16z4-1tbx" name="Zoological Reference Collection, National University of Singapore" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">ZRC</collectionCode>
.2.3481 (
<date id="7447BCA5FFF7B81BFD4043967A5E0BBA" box="[700,848,1231,1257]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" value="1990-06-16">
<collectingDate id="6403454DFFF7B81BFD4043967A5E0BBA" box="[700,848,1231,1257]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" value="1990-06-16">16-Jun-1990</collectingDate>
</date>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<emphasis id="328D4677FFF7B81BFC9F43977D460BBA" bold="true" box="[867,1096,1230,1257]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Yishun Ring Road:</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="B0919038FFF7B81BFBB343967C880BBA" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4120687891" box="[1103,1414,1230,1257]" collectingDate="1995-02-11" collectionCode="ZRC" country="Netherlands" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" specimenCount="1">
<collectionCode id="66E802A0FFF7B81BFBB343967D890BBA" box="[1103,1159,1231,1257]" country="Singapore" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/16z4-1tbx" name="Zoological Reference Collection, National University of Singapore" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">ZRC</collectionCode>
.2.3399 (
<date id="7447BCA5FFF7B81BFB1543977C700BBA" box="[1257,1406,1230,1257]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" value="1995-02-11">
<collectingDate id="6403454DFFF7B81BFB1543977C700BBA" box="[1257,1406,1230,1257]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" value="1995-02-11">11-Feb-1995</collectingDate>
</date>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="00469A65FFF7B81BFF6B43AB7A320A62" blockId="109.[151,1438,150,1689]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">
<emphasis id="328D4677FFF7B81BFF6B43AB7AAA0A5F" bold="true" box="[151,932,1266,1293]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">
Additional
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FFF7B81BFEE143AB78980A5F" box="[285,406,1266,1292]" name="Singapore" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Singapore</collectingCountry>
museum specimens.
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FFF7B81BFD7243AB7A090A5F" box="[654,775,1266,1292]" name="Singapore" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Singapore</collectingCountry>
(no locality):
</emphasis>
CAS, FMNH, NMW, ROM, SMNS, USNM, UWBM, ZMB, ZMUC;
<emphasis id="328D4677FFF7B81BFDF6424F7BD20A63" bold="true" box="[522,732,1302,1328]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Botanic Gardens:</emphasis>
<collectionCode id="66E802A0FFF7B81BFD18424E7A370A62" box="[740,825,1303,1329]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">UMZC</collectionCode>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="00469A65FFF7B81BFF6B4263787909CA" blockId="109.[151,1438,150,1689]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">
<emphasis id="328D4677FFF7B81BFF6B426378820A07" bold="true" box="[151,396,1338,1364]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FFF7B81BFF6B4263781E0A07" box="[151,272,1338,1364]" name="Singapore" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Singapore</collectingCountry>
localities.
</emphasis>
Alexandra Woodlands—Barkers Estate—Bras Basah Road—Bukit Batok Nature Park— Bukit Timah Nature Reserve—Chun tin Road—Clementi Forest—Greenbank Park—Hindhede Drive— Hort Park—Kent Ridge Park—King Albert Park—Lorong Gambas—Lower Peirce Forest—MacPherson Industrial Estate—MacRitchie Reservoir—Mandai Bird Park—Mandai Range Forest—Mount Faber Road—National University of Singapore Kent Ridge Campus—Nee Soon Swamp Forest—Night Safari—Pang Sua Woodland—Pasir Ris Park—Pulau Semakau—Pulau Sudong—Pulau Tekong—Pulau Ubin—Rainforest Park North—Saint John’s Island—Sentosa—Sime Road Forest—Singapore Botanic Gardens—Singapore Island Country Club—Singapore Zoo—Sungei Buloh Wetland Reserve—Tan Tock Seng Hospital—Tengah Air Base—Upper Seletar North Forest—Upper Seletar Reservoir Park—Yishun Ring Road.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="00469A65FFF7B81BFDF141A57D290845" blockId="109.[525,1063,1787,1814]" box="[525,1063,1787,1814]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">
<emphasis id="328D4677FFF7B81BFDF141A57D290845" bold="true" box="[525,1063,1787,1814]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">
Genus
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FFF7B81BFD9841A27AAE0845" authority="Oken, 1817" authorityName="Oken" authorityYear="1817" box="[612,928,1787,1814]" class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Hemidactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="328D4677FFF7B81BFD9841A27A040845" bold="true" box="[612,778,1787,1814]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Hemidactylus</emphasis>
Oken, 1817
</taxonomicName>
(4 species)
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="00469A65FFF7B81BFF6B401D787408D1" blockId="109.[151,1436,1860,1922]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FFF7B81BFF6B401D7B11080D" authority="Oken, 1817: 1183" authorityName="Oken" authorityPageNumber="1183" authorityYear="1817" box="[151,543,1860,1886]" class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Hemidactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="328D4677FFF7B81BFF6B401D783F080D" box="[151,305,1860,1886]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Hemidactylus</emphasis>
Oken, 1817: 1183
</taxonomicName>
(
<typeStatus id="DF4224C7FFF7B81BFDC4401D7B64080D" box="[568,618,1860,1886]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">type</typeStatus>
species:
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FFF7B81BFD19401D7D8D080D" authority="Daudin, 1803" authorityName="Daudin" authorityYear="1803" box="[741,1155,1860,1886]" class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Gecko" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tuberculosus">
<emphasis id="328D4677FFF7B81BFD19401D7AC2080D" box="[741,972,1860,1886]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Gecko tuberculosus</emphasis>
Daudin, 1803
</taxonomicName>
, by monotypy; gender masculine).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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