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<mods:title id="FAC71DB92CA714053A6F0DACE6EF3AF0">Singapore’s herpetofauna: updated and annotated checklist, history, conservation, and distribution</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="EE54D6FBC38473D25DE80FDB0C3C73EC">Figueroa, Alex</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="381425EB42F215F4E55489DE8DA9E6DC">Low, Martyn E. Y.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="FCD4D62ECE54D2251AC447AE9B297913">Lim, Kelvin K. P.</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="88502B73FFDCB831FF6B429078E40C9A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7967718" ID-GBIF-Taxon="209662443" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7967718" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:88502B73FFDCB831FF6B429078E40C9A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/88502B73FFDCB831FF6B429078E40C9A" lastPageId="71" lastPageNumber="72" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">
<subSubSection id="48E3C9EEFFDCB830FF6B42907BC00AB0" box="[151,718,1481,1508]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="00469A65FFDCB830FF6B42907BC00AB0" blockId="70.[151,1437,1481,2012]" box="[151,718,1481,1508]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">
<heading id="5B0E2D09FFDCB830FF6B42907BC00AB0" box="[151,718,1481,1508]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" reason="5">
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FFDCB830FF6B42907B570AB0" ID-CoL="34XB9" authority="(Vandellii, 1761)" baseAuthorityName="Vandellii" baseAuthorityYear="1761" box="[151,601,1481,1508]" class="Reptilia" family="Dermochelyidae" genus="Dermochelys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="coriacea">
<emphasis id="328D4677FFDCB830FF6B429078990AB0" bold="true" box="[151,407,1481,1508]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Dermochelys coriacea</emphasis>
(Vandellii, 1761)
</taxonomicName>
—
<emphasis id="328D4677FFDCB830FD8442907BC00AB0" bold="true" box="[632,718,1481,1507]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Visitor.</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="48E3C9EEFFDCB830FF0B42B47AB909EF" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="00469A65FFDCB830FF0B42B47AB909EF" blockId="70.[151,1437,1481,2012]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FFDCB830FF0B42B47B7D0954" authority="Vandelli 1761: 1" authorityName="Vandelli" authorityPageNumber="1" authorityYear="1761" box="[247,627,1517,1543]" class="Reptilia" family="Testudinidae" genus="Testudo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="coriacea">
<emphasis id="328D4677FFDCB830FF0B42B478BB0954" box="[247,437,1517,1543]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Testudo coriacea</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="B0919038FFDCB830FE4742B47B7D0954" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4436802303" box="[443,627,1517,1543]" collectionCode="MZP, ZMUP" collectorName="Smith &amp; Taylor" country="Italy" county="Tyrrheni" location="Palermo" municipality="Laurentiano" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Sicilia" typeStatus="holotype">Vandelli 1761: 1</materialsCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, 7–9, pl. 2.
<typeStatus id="DF4224C7FFDCB830FD0942B47A6C0954" box="[757,866,1517,1543]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
: MZP unnumbered (formerly ZMUP), according to
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FFDCB830FEAB414B7B8E0978" author="Fretey, J. &amp; Bour, R." box="[343,640,1553,1580]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" pagination="193 - 205" refId="ref306055" refString="Fretey, J. &amp; Bour, R. (1980) Redecouverte du type de Dermochelys coriacea (Vandelli) (Testudinata, Dermochelyidae). Bollettino di Zoologia, 47, 193 - 205. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 11250008009440336" type="journal article" year="1980">Fretey &amp; Bour (1980: 198)</bibRefCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="B0919038FFDCB830FD74414B7C6B0978" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4120687381" box="[648,1381,1553,1580]" collectionCode="MZP, ZMUP" collectorName="Smith &amp; Taylor" country="Italy" county="Tyrrheni" location="Palermo" municipality="Laurentiano" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Sicilia" typeStatus="holotype">
Type locality: “maris Tyrrheni oram in agro
<collectingMunicipality id="E022001FFFDCB830FB9641487DFA0978" box="[1130,1268,1553,1579]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Laurentiano</collectingMunicipality>
” (=
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FFDCB830FADD41487C570978" box="[1313,1369,1553,1579]" name="Italy" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Italy</collectingCountry>
);
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="B0919038FFDCB830FA9641487DD7091C" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4120688667" collectionCode="MZP, ZMUP" collectorName="Smith &amp; Taylor" country="Italy" county="Tyrrheni" location="Palermo" municipality="Laurentiano" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Sicilia" typeStatus="holotype">
later restricted to “
<location id="0526CCBEFFDCB830FE10416C7B41091C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:88502B73FFDCB831FF6B429078E40C9A:0526CCBEFFDCB830FE10416C7B41091C" box="[492,591,1589,1615]" country="Italy" county="Tyrrheni" municipality="Laurentiano" name="Palermo" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" stateProvince="Sicilia">Palermo</location>
,
<collectingRegion id="C23D5487FFDCB830FDA5416C7B91091C" box="[601,671,1589,1615]" country="Italy" name="Sicilia" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Sicily</collectingRegion>
”,
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FFDCB830FD48416C7BE9091C" box="[692,743,1589,1615]" name="Italy" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Italy</collectingCountry>
by
<collectorName id="AD0CFFB3FFDCB830FCEC416C7A5D091C" box="[784,851,1589,1615]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Smith</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName id="AD0CFFB3FFDCB830FC89416C7AB0091C" box="[885,958,1589,1615]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Taylor</collectorName>
(1950a: 315, 1950b: 13);
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="B0919038FFDCB830FB1C416C78EA09C4" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4120688777" collectionCode="MZP, ZMUP" collectorName="Smith &amp; Taylor" country="Italy" county="Tyrrheni" location="Palermo" municipality="Laurentiano" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Sicilia" typeStatus="holotype">
later restricted to “la côte romaine (Italie), Mer Tyrrhénienne, Méditerranée occidentale” (=
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FFDCB830FB6841007DC70920" box="[1172,1225,1625,1651]" name="Italy" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Italy</collectingCountry>
) by
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FFDCB830FB0641037C920927" author="Fretey, J. &amp; Bour, R." box="[1274,1436,1625,1652]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" pagination="193 - 205" refId="ref306055" refString="Fretey, J. &amp; Bour, R. (1980) Redecouverte du type de Dermochelys coriacea (Vandelli) (Testudinata, Dermochelyidae). Bollettino di Zoologia, 47, 193 - 205. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 11250008009440336" type="journal article" year="1980">Fretey &amp; Bour</bibRefCitation>
(1980: 198);
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="B0919038FFDCB830FE1041247AB909EF" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4120689115" collectionCode="MZP, ZMUP" collectorName="Smith &amp; Taylor" country="Italy" county="Tyrrheni" location="Palermo" municipality="Laurentiano" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Sicilia" typeStatus="holotype">
later restricted to “Laurentum, between Lido di Ostia and Tor Paterno, shore of the Tyrrhenian Sea,
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FFDCB830FDF341F87B4B09E8" box="[527,581,1697,1723]" name="Italy" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Italy</collectingCountry>
” by
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FFDCB830FD8541FB7ABD09EF" author="Bour, R. &amp; Dubois, A." box="[633,947,1697,1724]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" pagination="356 - 361" refId="ref292789" refString="Bour, R. &amp; Dubois, A. (1984) Nomenclatural availability of Testudo coriacea Vandelli, 1761: a case against a rigid application of the rules to old, well-known zoological works. Journal of Herpetology, 17 (4), 356 - 361. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 1563588" type="journal article" year="1984">Bour &amp; Dubois (1984: 359)</bibRefCitation>
.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="48E3C9EEFFDCB830FF6B419C7865098C" box="[151,363,1733,1759]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" type="vernacular_names">
<paragraph id="00469A65FFDCB830FF6B419C7865098C" blockId="70.[151,1437,1481,2012]" box="[151,363,1733,1759]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Leatherback Turtle</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="48E3C9EEFFDCB830FF6B41B078540850" box="[151,346,1769,1795]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" type="description">
<paragraph id="00469A65FFDCB830FF6B41B078540850" blockId="70.[151,1437,1481,2012]" box="[151,346,1769,1795]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">
(
<figureCitation id="98C286E0FFDCB830FF6341B0785C0850" box="[159,338,1769,1795]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="352.[152,255,1906,1930]" captionTargetBox="[164,1423,181,1882]" captionTargetId="figure-34@352.[164,1423,181,1884]" captionTargetPageId="352" captionText="FIGURE 8. A) Caretta caretta, B) Chelonia mydas, C) Eretmochelys imbricata, D) Lepidochelys olivacea, E) Dermochelys coriacea, F) Dermochelys coriacea, G) Trachemys scripta, and H) Batagur borneoensis. Photographs by: Halvard Aas Midtun [A], Marcus A.H. Chua [B], Karenne Tun [C], Ashesh Rathor [D], Tan Heok Hui [E], Alastair Rae [F], Holly Siow [G], and Kelvin K.P. Lim [H]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7960335" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7960335/files/figure.png" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Figure 8E &amp; 8F</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="48E3C9EEFFDCB831FF6B40547AF20FAA" lastPageId="71" lastPageNumber="72" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="00469A65FFDCB830FF6B405478760874" blockId="70.[151,1437,1481,2012]" box="[151,376,1805,1831]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">
<emphasis id="328D4677FFDCB830FF6B405478760874" bold="true" box="[151,376,1805,1831]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FFDCB830FF6B4054781E0874" box="[151,272,1805,1831]" name="Singapore" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Singapore</collectingCountry>
records.
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="00469A65FFDCB830FF0B40687BF60818" blockId="70.[151,1437,1481,2012]" box="[247,760,1841,1867]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FFDCB830FF0B406878CD0818" authorityName="Dumeril &amp; Bibron" authorityYear="1835" box="[247,451,1841,1867]" class="Reptilia" family="Dermochelyidae" genus="Sphargis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="coriacea">
<emphasis id="328D4677FFDCB830FF0B406878CD0818" box="[247,451,1841,1867]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Sphargis coriacea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
—
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FFDCB830FE1C40687B810818" author="Knight, V." box="[480,655,1841,1867]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" pagination="1 - 4" refId="ref318367" refString="Knight, V. (1884) Annual reports on the Raffles Library and Museum. Straits Settlements: Annual Reports for the Year 1882. Published by Authority, Singapore, pp. 1 - 4." type="book chapter" year="1884">Knight, 1884: 3</bibRefCitation>
(Siglap).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="00469A65FFDCB831FF0B400C7D200F86" blockId="70.[151,1437,1481,2012]" lastBlockId="71.[151,1437,150,969]" lastPageId="71" lastPageNumber="72" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FFDCB830FF0B400C78F7083C" baseAuthorityName="Vandellii" baseAuthorityYear="1761" box="[247,505,1877,1903]" class="Reptilia" family="Dermochelyidae" genus="Dermochelys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="coriacea">
<emphasis id="328D4677FFDCB830FF0B400C78F7083C" box="[247,505,1877,1903]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Dermochelys coriacea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
—
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FFDCB830FDEA400C7BE00823" author="Flower, S. S." box="[534,750,1877,1904]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" pagination="856 - 914" refId="ref305802" refString="Flower, S. S. (1896) Notes on a collection of reptiles and batrachians made in the Malay Peninsula in 1895 - 96; with a list of the species recorded from that region. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1896 (4), 856 - 914, pls. 44 - 46." type="journal article" year="1896">Flower, 1896: 857</bibRefCitation>
.—
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FFDCB830FCF3400C7AEE083C" author="Hanitsch, R." box="[783,992,1877,1904]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" pagination="11 - 22" refId="ref312325" refString="Hanitsch, R. (1898) Annual report of the curator and librarian on the Raffles Library and Museum, for the Year Ending 31 st December, 1897. In: Straits Settlements, Annual Reports for the Year 1898. Published by Authority, Singapore, pp. 11 - 22." type="book chapter" year="1898">Hanitsch, 1898: 8</bibRefCitation>
.—
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FFDCB830FBFE400C7DD0083C" author="Flower, S. S." box="[1026,1246,1877,1903]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" pagination="600 - 696" refId="ref305863" refString="Flower, S. S. (1899 b) Notes on a second collection of reptiles made in the Malay Peninsula and Siam, from November 1896 - September 1898, with a list of the species recorded from those countries. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1899 (4), 600 - 696, pls. 36 - 37." type="journal article" year="1899">Flower, 1899: 609</bibRefCitation>
.—Ridley, 1899: 205.—Hanitsch, 1908: 37.—
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FFDCB830FD6340207A8308C0" author="Boulenger, G. A." box="[671,909,1913,1939]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" refId="ref292615" refString="Boulenger, G. A. (1912) A Vertebrate Fauna of the Malay Peninsula from the Isthmus of Kra to Singapore, Including the Adjacent Islands. Reptilia and Batrachia, Taylor and Francis, London, xiii + 294 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 10813" type="book" year="1912">Boulenger, 1912: 30</bibRefCitation>
(
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FFDCB830FC6340207D1C08C0" box="[927,1042,1913,1939]" name="Singapore" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Singapore</collectingCountry>
Straits).—
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FFDCB830FB7340207C7708C0" author="Hanitsch, R." box="[1167,1401,1913,1939]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" refId="ref312636" refString="Hanitsch, R. (1912 b) List of the Birds, Reptiles and Amphibians in the Raffles Museum, Singapore. Raffles Library and Museum, Singapore, 19 pp." type="book" year="1912">Hanitsch, 1912b: 14</bibRefCitation>
.— Sharma, 1973: 234.—
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FFDCB830FDAF40C47A1408E4" author="Gremli, M." box="[595,794,1949,1975]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" pagination="60 - 62" refId="ref309560" refString="Gremli, M. (1988) Reptile visitors to local coastal waters. The Pangolin, 1 (3), 60 - 62." type="journal article" year="1988">Gremli, 1988: 62</bibRefCitation>
.—K.K.P. Lim &amp; L.M. Chou, 1990: 56.—K.K.P. Lim &amp; F.L.K.
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FFDCB830FE5940987B5A088F" author="Lim, K. K. P. &amp; Lim, F. L. K." box="[421,596,1985,2012]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" refId="ref326515" refString="Lim, K. K. P. &amp; Lim, F. L. K. (1992) A Guide to the Amphibians and Reptiles of Singapore. Singapore Science Centre, Singapore, 160 pp." type="book" year="1992">Lim, 1992: 135</bibRefCitation>
, 151.—L.M.
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FFDCB830FD1740987AEB088F" author="Chou L. M. &amp; Ng, P. K. L. &amp; Lim, K. K. P." box="[747,997,1985,2012]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" pagination="70 - 106" refId="ref297613" refString="Chou L. M., Ng, P. K. L. &amp; Lim, K. K. P. (1994) Animalia. In: Wee, Y. C. &amp; Ng, P. K. L. (Eds.), A First Look at Biodiversity in Singapore. National Council on the Environment, Singapore, pp. 70 - 106." type="book chapter" year="1994">
Chou
<emphasis id="328D4677FFDCB830FCD2409B7A680888" box="[814,870,1985,2011]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">et al.</emphasis>
, 1994: 105
</bibRefCitation>
.—E.K.
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FFDCB830FBBD40987DF50888" author="Chua, E. K." box="[1089,1275,1985,2011]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" refId="ref298082" refString="Chua, E. K. (2007 b) Singapore's Splendour: Life on the Edge. Simply Green, Singapore, 184 pp." type="book" year="2007">Chua, 2007b: 28</bibRefCitation>
.—H.T.W. Tan
<emphasis id="328D4677FFDDB831FEAB47CE789E0FE2" box="[343,400,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">et al.</emphasis>
, 2007: 119.—P.K.A. Ng, 2009: 25.—T.H. Ng &amp; K.K.P. Lim, 2010: 119.—H.T.W. Tan
<emphasis id="328D4677FFDDB831FAA147CE7C980FE2" box="[1373,1430,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">et al.</emphasis>
, 2010: 158.—L.M.
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FFDDB831FDD647E27BD90F86" author="Chou, L. M." box="[554,727,187,213]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" pagination="76 - 87" refId="ref297397" refString="Chou, L. M. (2011) Marine Ecosystems. In: Ng, P. K. L., Corlett, R. T. &amp; Tan, H. T. W. (Eds.), Singapore Biodiversity: An Encyclopedia of the Natural Environment and Sustainable Development. Editions Didier Millet and Raffles Museum of Biodiversity Research, Singapore, pp. 76 - 87." type="book chapter" year="2011">Chou, 2011: 77</bibRefCitation>
.—P.K.L. Ng
<emphasis id="328D4677FFDDB831FC8C47E27AA70F86" box="[880,937,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">et al.</emphasis>
, 2011: 362.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="00469A65FFDDB831FF0B47867AF20FAA" blockId="71.[151,1437,150,969]" box="[247,1020,223,249]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FFDDB831FF0B47867B4C0FAB" authorityName="Gunther" authorityYear="1864" box="[247,578,223,249]" class="Reptilia" family="Dermochelyidae" genus="Dermatochelys" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="coriacea">
<emphasis id="328D4677FFDDB831FF0B478678AF0FAA" box="[247,417,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Dermatochelys</emphasis>
[sic]
<emphasis id="328D4677FFDDB831FE1C47867B4C0FAB" box="[480,578,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">coriacea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
—Ridley, 1899: 188 (Tanjong Katong).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="48E3C9EEFFDDB831FF6B465A7C320D9E" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="00469A65FFDDB831FF6B465A7C320D9E" blockId="71.[151,1437,150,969]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
<emphasis id="328D4677FFDDB831FF6B465A78050E4E" bold="true" box="[151,267,259,285]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Remarks.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FFDDB831FEED465A7B030E4F" baseAuthorityName="Vandellii" baseAuthorityYear="1761" box="[273,525,259,285]" class="Reptilia" family="Dermochelyidae" genus="Dermochelys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="coriacea">
<emphasis id="328D4677FFDDB831FEED465A7B030E4F" box="[273,525,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Dermochelys coriacea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is known from
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FFDDB831FD47465A7A230E4E" box="[699,813,259,285]" name="Singapore" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Singapore</collectingCountry>
from a single specimen collected on
<date id="7447BCA5FFDDB831FB35465A7C920E4E" box="[1225,1436,259,285]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" value="1883-12-14">14 December 1883</date>
by Skinner at Siglap (
<figureCitation id="98C286E0FFDDB831FE0C467E7B4B0E12" box="[496,581,295,321]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="352.[152,255,1906,1930]" captionTargetBox="[164,1423,181,1882]" captionTargetId="figure-34@352.[164,1423,181,1884]" captionTargetPageId="352" captionText="FIGURE 8. A) Caretta caretta, B) Chelonia mydas, C) Eretmochelys imbricata, D) Lepidochelys olivacea, E) Dermochelys coriacea, F) Dermochelys coriacea, G) Trachemys scripta, and H) Batagur borneoensis. Photographs by: Halvard Aas Midtun [A], Marcus A.H. Chua [B], Karenne Tun [C], Ashesh Rathor [D], Tan Heok Hui [E], Alastair Rae [F], Holly Siow [G], and Kelvin K.P. Lim [H]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7960335" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7960335/files/figure.png" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Fig. 8E</figureCitation>
) who discovered locals trying to encourage it from the beach back into the sea (
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FFDDB831FED5461278B20E36" author="Knight, V." box="[297,444,331,357]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" pagination="1 - 4" refId="ref318367" refString="Knight, V. (1884) Annual reports on the Raffles Library and Museum. Straits Settlements: Annual Reports for the Year 1882. Published by Authority, Singapore, pp. 1 - 4." type="book chapter" year="1884">Knight 1884</bibRefCitation>
). The records from
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FFDDB831FD6446127A040E36" box="[664,778,331,357]" name="Singapore" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Singapore</collectingCountry>
Straits in
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FFDDB831FC8046127D4D0E36" author="Boulenger, G. A." box="[892,1091,331,357]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" refId="ref292615" refString="Boulenger, G. A. (1912) A Vertebrate Fauna of the Malay Peninsula from the Isthmus of Kra to Singapore, Including the Adjacent Islands. Reptilia and Batrachia, Taylor and Francis, London, xiii + 294 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 10813" type="book" year="1912">Boulenger (1912)</bibRefCitation>
and Tanjong Katong in Ridley (1899) both refer to the same specimen. The only other record of
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FFDDB831FC1946367D650EDB" baseAuthorityName="Vandellii" baseAuthorityYear="1761" box="[997,1131,367,392]" class="Reptilia" family="Dermochelyidae" genus="Dermochelys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="coriacea">
<emphasis id="328D4677FFDDB831FC1946367D650EDB" box="[997,1131,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">D. coriacea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FFDDB831FB6E46367C0A0EDA" box="[1170,1284,367,393]" name="Singapore" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Singapore</collectingCountry>
is from CAS 22249 whose catalogue notes state it was purchased from Turtox, a general biological supply company; thus, the locality may be unreliable. Although not collected in Singapore’s waters, another specimen was found trapped in a damaged fish trap at Kampung Batu Jawa,
<collectingRegion id="C23D5487FFDDB831FC3C46827AF00EA6" box="[960,1022,475,501]" country="Malaysia" name="Johor" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Johor</collectingRegion>
Bahru,
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FFDDB831FBA746827DCC0EA6" box="[1115,1218,475,501]" name="Malaysia" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
on
<date id="7447BCA5FFDDB831FB1346827C920EA6" box="[1263,1436,474,501]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" value="1905-03-11">11 March 1905</date>
(
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FFDDB831FF0346A6788B0D4A" author="Kloss, C. B." box="[255,389,511,537]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" pagination="63 - 65" refId="ref318268" refString="Kloss, C. B. (1907) Notes on the capture of a rare leathery turtle (Dermochelys coriacea) in Johore waters. Journal of the Straits Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, 49, 63 - 65." type="journal article" year="1907">Kloss 1907</bibRefCitation>
). TTWG (2021) does not include
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FFDDB831FCFB46A67A770D4A" box="[775,889,511,537]" name="Singapore" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Singapore</collectingCountry>
in the nesting or foraging range of
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FFDDB831FAEC46A67C9B0D4B" baseAuthorityName="Vandellii" baseAuthorityYear="1761" box="[1296,1429,511,536]" class="Reptilia" family="Dermochelyidae" genus="Dermochelys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="coriacea">
<emphasis id="328D4677FFDDB831FAEC46A67C9B0D4B" box="[1296,1429,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">D. coriacea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but includes
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FFDDB831FE7B457A78E00D6E" box="[391,494,547,573]" name="Malaysia" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
under nesting distribution.
<collectingRegion id="C23D5487FFDDB831FCDE457A7AA70D6E" box="[802,937,547,573]" country="Malaysia" name="Terengganu" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Terengganu</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FFDDB831FC48457A7D150D6E" box="[948,1051,547,573]" name="Malaysia" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
was renowned for its gathering of nesting
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FFDDB831FEB1451E7B520D32" authority="(Moll 1976)" baseAuthorityName="Moll" baseAuthorityYear="1976" box="[333,604,583,609]" class="Reptilia" family="Dermochelyidae" genus="Dermochelys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="coriacea">
<emphasis id="328D4677FFDDB831FEB1451E78DE0D33" box="[333,464,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">D. coriacea</emphasis>
(Moll 1976)
</taxonomicName>
with 37,654 sightings being recorded between 1967 and 1976 (
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FFDDB831FAEE451E7C9E0D32" author="Chua, T. H." box="[1298,1424,583,609]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" pagination="192 - 207" refId="ref298942" refString="Chua, T. H. (1988) Nesting population and frequency of visits in Dermochelys coriacea in Malaysia. Journal of Herpetology, 22 (2), 192 - 207. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 1563998" type="journal article" year="1988">Chua 1988</bibRefCitation>
). Regrettably, the nesting population has since collapsed from a total of 10,000 nests in 1956 to 100 nests by 1995 (
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FFDDB831FEC345D67B110DFA" author="Chan, E. H. &amp; Liew, H. C." box="[319,543,655,681]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" pagination="196 - 203" refId="ref294824" refString="Chan, E. H. &amp; Liew, H. C. (1996) Decline of the leatherback population in Terengganu, Malaysia, 1956 - 1995. Chelonian Conservation and Biology, 2, 196 - 203." type="journal article" year="1996">Chan &amp; Liew 1996</bibRefCitation>
). The movement patterns of these turtles are unknown, but given Terengganu’s proximity to
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FFDDB831FE7545EA78F30D9E" box="[393,509,691,717]" name="Singapore" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Singapore</collectingCountry>
, we suspect
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FFDDB831FD7645EA7A000D9F" baseAuthorityName="Moll" baseAuthorityYear="1976" box="[650,782,691,716]" class="Reptilia" family="Dermochelyidae" genus="Dermochelys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="coriacea">
<emphasis id="328D4677FFDDB831FD7645EA7A000D9F" box="[650,782,691,716]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">D. coriacea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
forages in or transits through Singapore’s waters.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="48E3C9EEFFDDB831FF6B458F78CB0DA2" box="[151,453,726,753]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="00469A65FFDDB831FF6B458F78CB0DA2" blockId="71.[151,1437,150,969]" box="[151,453,726,753]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
<emphasis id="328D4677FFDDB831FF6B458F78240DA3" bold="true" box="[151,298,726,752]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Occurrence.</emphasis>
Visitor. Rare.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="48E3C9EEFFDDB831FF6B45A37BA20C0E" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" type="conservation">
<paragraph id="00469A65FFDDB831FF6B45A37BBD0C46" blockId="71.[151,1437,150,969]" box="[151,691,762,789]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
<emphasis id="328D4677FFDDB831FF6B45A37B0A0C46" bold="true" box="[151,516,762,789]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FFDDB831FF6B45A3781E0C47" box="[151,272,762,788]" name="Singapore" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Singapore</collectingCountry>
conservation status.
</emphasis>
Not Evaluated.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="00469A65FFDDB831FF6B44477B0C0C6A" blockId="71.[151,1437,150,969]" box="[151,514,798,825]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
<emphasis id="328D4677FFDDB831FF6B444778AF0C6B" bold="true" box="[151,417,798,824]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Conservation priority.</emphasis>
Lowest.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="00469A65FFDDB831FF6B441B7BA20C0E" blockId="71.[151,1437,150,969]" box="[151,684,834,861]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
<emphasis id="328D4677FFDDB831FF6B441B78DC0C0E" bold="true" box="[151,466,834,861]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">IUCN conservation status.</emphasis>
Vulnerable [2013].
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="48E3C9EEFFDDB831FF6B443F78E40C9A" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="00469A65FFDDB831FF6B443F7D380CD2" blockId="71.[151,1437,150,969]" box="[151,1078,870,897]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
<emphasis id="328D4677FFDDB831FF6B443F7BF00CD3" bold="true" box="[151,766,870,897]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
<collectionCode id="66E802A0FFDDB831FF6B443F78160CD3" box="[151,280,870,896]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">LKCNHM</collectionCode>
&amp;
<collectionCode id="66E802A0FFDDB831FEC2443E78A20CD2" box="[318,428,871,897]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" type="Museum">NHMUK</collectionCode>
Museum specimens. Siglap:
</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="B0919038FFDDB831FCF9443E7D3C0CD2" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4120687415" box="[773,1074,871,897]" collectingDate="1883-12-14" collectionCode="ZRC" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" specimenCount="1">
<collectionCode id="66E802A0FFDDB831FCF9443E7A300CD2" box="[773,830,871,897]" country="Singapore" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/16z4-1tbx" name="Zoological Reference Collection, National University of Singapore" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">ZRC</collectionCode>
.2.179 (
<date id="7447BCA5FFDDB831FC6C443E7D240CD2" box="[912,1066,871,897]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" value="1883-12-14">
<collectingDate id="6403454DFFDDB831FC6C443E7D240CD2" box="[912,1066,871,897]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" value="1883-12-14">14-Dec-1883</collectingDate>
</date>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="00469A65FFDDB831FF6B44D37AE00CF6" blockId="71.[151,1437,150,969]" box="[151,1006,906,933]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
<emphasis id="328D4677FFDDB831FF6B44D37AA60CF7" bold="true" box="[151,936,906,933]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
Additional
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FFDDB831FEE244D378990CF7" box="[286,407,906,932]" name="Singapore" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Singapore</collectingCountry>
museum specimens.
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FFDDB831FD6D44D37A040CF7" box="[657,778,906,932]" name="Singapore" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Singapore</collectingCountry>
(no locality):
</emphasis>
CAS.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="00469A65FFDDB831FF6B44F778E40C9A" blockId="71.[151,1437,150,969]" box="[151,490,942,969]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
<emphasis id="328D4677FFDDB831FF6B44F778880C9B" bold="true" box="[151,390,942,968]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FFDDB831FF6B44F7781E0C9B" box="[151,272,942,968]" name="Singapore" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Singapore</collectingCountry>
localities.
</emphasis>
Siglap*.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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