310 lines
33 KiB
XML
310 lines
33 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="EC8D5EAC9720158E789E8470D6713719">Singapore’s herpetofauna: updated and annotated checklist, history, conservation, and distribution</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="06AB410A3FA9CDBDB31AE6496D7D8237">Figueroa, Alex</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="1B5764B7B31716573BF24F29FE989AF4">Low, Martyn E. Y.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="2252DBEB3D3E23C8E6500F87F3C291A1" type="email">martyn.low@nus.edu.sg</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="8F83AD8A6506D17E580EB9B4F817F6D1">Lim, Kelvin K. P.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="307ADC2473F31F474AC54A2F6D9717A8" type="email">kelvinlim@nus.edu.sg</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="65F9D752ECD49FD86A2742B83B5A8257">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="837207A50024155A458538C9CAF3DDED">2023</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="AFE9B7F0ED72D23063C8F493341C1337">2023-05-18</mods:number>
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<treatment id="88502B73FF66B88BFF6B410E7A390A0E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7968190" ID-GBIF-Taxon="209662234" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7968190" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:88502B73FF66B88BFF6B410E7A390A0E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/88502B73FF66B88BFF6B410E7A390A0E" lastPageId="253" lastPageNumber="254" pageId="252" pageNumber="253">
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<subSubSection id="48E3C9EEFF66B88AFF6B410E789A09C6" pageId="252" pageNumber="253" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="00469A65FF66B88AFF6B410E7AAA0921" blockId="252.[151,1436,1623,2010]" box="[151,932,1623,1650]" pageId="252" pageNumber="253">
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<heading id="5B0E2D09FF66B88AFF6B410E7AAA0921" box="[151,932,1623,1650]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="252" pageNumber="253" reason="5">
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<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FF66B88AFF6B410E7B6B0921" ID-CoL="6HKBM" authority="(Hallowell, 1857)" baseAuthorityName="Hallowell" baseAuthorityYear="1857" box="[151,613,1623,1650]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Eutropis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="252" pageNumber="253" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="longicaudata">
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<emphasis id="328D4677FF66B88AFF6B410E78970921" bold="true" box="[151,409,1623,1650]" italics="true" pageId="252" pageNumber="253">Eutropis longicaudata</emphasis>
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(Hallowell, 1857)
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</taxonomicName>
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—
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<emphasis id="328D4677FF66B88AFD7F410E7AAA0921" bold="true" box="[643,932,1623,1650]" pageId="252" pageNumber="253">Non-native; Introduced.</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="00469A65FF66B88AFF6B4122789A09C6" blockId="252.[151,1436,1623,2010]" box="[151,404,1659,1686]" pageId="252" pageNumber="253">Long-tailed Sun Skink</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="48E3C9EEFF66B88AFF6B41C67D72098D" pageId="252" pageNumber="253" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="00469A65FF66B88AFF6B41C6787609E9" blockId="252.[151,1436,1623,2010]" box="[151,376,1695,1722]" pageId="252" pageNumber="253">
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<emphasis id="328D4677FF66B88AFF6B41C6787609E9" bold="true" box="[151,376,1695,1722]" pageId="252" pageNumber="253">
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<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FF66B88AFF6B41C6781E09EA" box="[151,272,1695,1721]" name="Singapore" pageId="252" pageNumber="253">Singapore</collectingCountry>
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records.
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="00469A65FF66B88AFF0B419D7D72098D" blockId="252.[151,1436,1623,2010]" box="[247,1148,1731,1758]" pageId="252" pageNumber="253">
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<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FF66B88AFF0B419D78FC098E" baseAuthorityName="Hallowell" baseAuthorityYear="1857" box="[247,498,1731,1757]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Eutropis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="252" pageNumber="253" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="longicaudata">
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<emphasis id="328D4677FF66B88AFF0B419D78FC098E" box="[247,498,1731,1757]" italics="true" pageId="252" pageNumber="253">Eutropis longicaudata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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—A. Tay, 2019a: 77 (Choa Chu Kang Muslim Cemetery).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="48E3C9EEFF66B88BFF6B41B17A410E36" lastPageId="253" lastPageNumber="254" pageId="252" pageNumber="253" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="00469A65FF66B88BFF6B41B17A050E12" blockId="252.[151,1436,1623,2010]" lastBlockId="253.[151,1436,151,393]" lastPageId="253" lastPageNumber="254" pageId="252" pageNumber="253">
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<emphasis id="328D4677FF66B88AFF6B41B178050851" bold="true" box="[151,267,1768,1794]" pageId="252" pageNumber="253">Remarks.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FF66B88AFEE941B17B1C0852" baseAuthorityName="Hallowell" baseAuthorityYear="1857" box="[277,530,1767,1793]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Eutropis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="252" pageNumber="253" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="longicaudata">
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<emphasis id="328D4677FF66B88AFEE941B17B1C0852" box="[277,530,1767,1793]" italics="true" pageId="252" pageNumber="253">Eutropis longicaudata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is known from
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<specimenCount id="16FF51ECFF66B88AFD3241BE7A8B0852" box="[718,901,1767,1793]" pageId="252" pageNumber="253" type="generic">three specimens</specimenCount>
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from
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<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FF66B88AFC3341BE7D4A0852" box="[975,1092,1767,1793]" name="Singapore" pageId="252" pageNumber="253">Singapore</collectingCountry>
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. The first is specimen SAMA R13857. The specimen is problematic because it is only a skull and the label has the date “
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<date id="7447BCA5FF66B88AFB1E40557C6D0875" box="[1250,1379,1803,1830]" pageId="252" pageNumber="253" value="1973-07-01">1 July 1973</date>
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” and the phrases, “SA DEPT AGRICULTURE” and “ex shipping container”. Thus, it is difficult to verify the identity of the species, and it appears the specimen was confiscated by the South Australia Department of Agriculture from a shipping container arriving from
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<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FF66B88AFCBC402E7ABB08C2" box="[832,949,1911,1937]" name="Singapore" pageId="252" pageNumber="253">Singapore</collectingCountry>
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. Two possibilities are that the lizard entered the shipping container as a stowaway from
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<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FF66B88AFD2340C27A5F08E6" box="[735,849,1947,1973]" name="Singapore" pageId="252" pageNumber="253">Singapore</collectingCountry>
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or from the destination of origin of the shipment, or the shipping container contained a shipment of animals that was transported through
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<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FF66B88AFB6340E67C1A088A" box="[1183,1300,1983,2009]" name="Singapore" pageId="252" pageNumber="253">Singapore</collectingCountry>
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. The second observation was of an individual photographed at Choa Chu Kang Muslim Cemetery on
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<date id="7447BCA5FF67B88BFB3647CE7C6D0FE2" box="[1226,1379,151,177]" pageId="253" pageNumber="254" value="2019-04-10">10 April 2019</date>
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(Tay 2019a), and the third was spotted near Kranji Reservoir on
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<date id="7447BCA5FF67B88BFC7B47E27D2F0F86" box="[903,1057,187,213]" pageId="253" pageNumber="254" value="2021-04-14">14 April 2021</date>
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(A. Figueroa pers. obs.).
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<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FF67B88BFAC147E278850FAA" baseAuthorityName="Hallowell" baseAuthorityYear="1857" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Eutropis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="253" pageNumber="254" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="longicaudata">
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<emphasis id="328D4677FF67B88BFAC147E278850FAA" italics="true" pageId="253" pageNumber="254">Eutropis longicaudata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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ranges from
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<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FF67B88BFDD947867B740FAA" box="[549,634,223,249]" name="Taiwan" pageId="253" pageNumber="254">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FF67B88BFD7447867A1E0FAA" box="[648,784,223,249]" name="Hong Kong" pageId="253" pageNumber="254">Hong Kong</collectingCountry>
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, and southern
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<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FF67B88BFC4547867AF20FAA" box="[953,1020,223,249]" name="China" pageId="253" pageNumber="254">China</collectingCountry>
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south to
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<collectingRegion id="C23D5487FF67B88BFB9547867DB50FAA" box="[1129,1211,223,249]" country="Malaysia" name="Pahang" pageId="253" pageNumber="254">Pahang</collectingRegion>
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and Pulau Tioman, Peninsular
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<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FF67B88BFE89465A78D20E4E" box="[373,476,259,285]" name="Malaysia" pageId="253" pageNumber="254">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF67B88BFE10465A7B970E4E" author="Grismer, L. L." box="[492,665,259,285]" pageId="253" pageNumber="254" refId="ref309725" refString="Grismer, L. L. (2011 b) Lizards of Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore and Their Adjacent Archipelagos. Edition Chimaira, Frankfurt am Main, 728 pp." type="book" year="2011">Grismer 2011b</bibRefCitation>
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). Given the location, the photographed specimen most likely entered
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<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FF67B88BFF0B467E78670E12" box="[247,361,295,321]" name="Singapore" pageId="253" pageNumber="254">Singapore</collectingCountry>
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as a stowaway on ornamental plants.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="00469A65FF67B88BFF6B46137A410E36" blockId="253.[151,1436,151,393]" box="[151,847,330,357]" pageId="253" pageNumber="254">
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<emphasis id="328D4677FF67B88BFF6B46137BAD0E37" bold="true" box="[151,675,330,357]" pageId="253" pageNumber="254">LKCNHM & NHMUK Museum specimens.</emphasis>
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No specimens.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="48E3C9EEFF67B88BFF6B463778760DE2" pageId="253" pageNumber="254" type="materials_examined">
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||
<paragraph id="00469A65FF67B88BFF6B46377D060EDA" blockId="253.[151,1436,151,393]" box="[151,1032,366,393]" pageId="253" pageNumber="254">
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||
<emphasis id="328D4677FF67B88BFF6B46377AA60EDB" bold="true" box="[151,936,366,393]" pageId="253" pageNumber="254">
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Additional
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<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FF67B88BFEE2463778990EDB" box="[286,407,366,392]" name="Singapore" pageId="253" pageNumber="254">Singapore</collectingCountry>
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museum specimens.
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<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FF67B88BFD6D46377A040EDB" box="[657,778,366,392]" name="Singapore" pageId="253" pageNumber="254">Singapore</collectingCountry>
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(no locality):
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</emphasis>
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<collectionCode id="66E802A0FF67B88BFC4C46367D0B0EDA" box="[944,1029,367,393]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34982" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34982" name="South Australia Museum" pageId="253" pageNumber="254" type="Museum">SAMA</collectionCode>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="00469A65FF67B88BFE3046B57D690D55" blockId="253.[460,1127,492,518]" box="[460,1127,492,518]" pageId="253" pageNumber="254">
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<emphasis id="328D4677FF67B88BFE3046B57D690D55" bold="true" box="[460,1127,492,518]" pageId="253" pageNumber="254">
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Genus
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<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FF67B88BFDDF46B57AEE0D55" authority="Hardwicke & Gray, 1827" authorityName="Hardwicke & Gray" authorityYear="1827" box="[547,992,492,518]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Lygosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="253" pageNumber="254" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="328D4677FF67B88BFDDF46B57B900D55" bold="true" box="[547,670,492,518]" italics="true" pageId="253" pageNumber="254">Lygosoma</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF67B88BFD5A46B57AEE0D55" author="Hardwicke, T. & Gray, J. E." box="[678,992,492,518]" pageId="253" pageNumber="254" pagination="213 - 229" refId="ref312722" refString="Hardwicke, T. & Gray, J. E. (1827) A synopsis of the species of saurian reptiles, collected in India by Hardwicke. Zoological Journal, 3 (10), 213 - 229." type="journal article" year="1827">Hardwicke & Gray, 1827</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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(1 species)
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="00469A65FF67B88BFF6B4572788A0D3A" blockId="253.[151,1437,554,1373]" pageId="253" pageNumber="254">
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<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FF67B88BFF6B45727DFC0D16" authority="Siler, Heitz, Davis, Freitas, Aowphol, Termprayoon & Grismer, 2018" authorityName="Siler, Heitz, Davis, Freitas, Aowphol, Termprayoon & Grismer" authorityYear="2018" box="[151,1266,555,581]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Lygosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="253" pageNumber="254" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="siamensis">
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<emphasis id="328D4677FF67B88BFF6B457278830D16" bold="true" box="[151,397,555,581]" italics="true" pageId="253" pageNumber="254">Lygosoma siamensis</emphasis>
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Siler, Heitz, Davis, Freitas, Aowphol, Termprayoon & Grismer, 2018
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</taxonomicName>
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—
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<emphasis id="328D4677FF67B88BFAF34573788A0D3A" bold="true" pageId="253" pageNumber="254">Non-native; Introduced.</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="00469A65FF67B88BFF6B452A789F0DDE" blockId="253.[151,1437,554,1373]" box="[151,401,627,653]" pageId="253" pageNumber="254">Siamese Supple Skink</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="00469A65FF67B88BFF6B45CF78760DE2" blockId="253.[151,1437,554,1373]" box="[151,376,662,689]" pageId="253" pageNumber="254">
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<emphasis id="328D4677FF67B88BFF6B45CF78760DE2" bold="true" box="[151,376,662,689]" pageId="253" pageNumber="254">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FF67B88BFF6B45CF781E0DE3" box="[151,272,662,688]" name="Singapore" pageId="253" pageNumber="254">Singapore</collectingCountry>
|
||
records.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="48E3C9EEFF67B88BFF0B45E27AA30C36" pageId="253" pageNumber="254" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="00469A65FF67B88BFF0B45E27B730DAA" blockId="253.[151,1437,554,1373]" pageId="253" pageNumber="254">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="20E9BD4BFF67B88BFF0B45E27B730DAA" pageId="253" pageNumber="254">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FF67B88BFF0B45E278D40D86" box="[247,474,699,725]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Lygosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="253" pageNumber="254" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chalcides">
|
||
<emphasis id="328D4677FF67B88BFF0B45E278D40D86" box="[247,474,699,725]" italics="true" pageId="253" pageNumber="254">Lygosoma chalcides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
—
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="8158BC74FF67B88BFE0B45E27BC30D86" author="Cantor, T. E." box="[503,717,698,725]" page="656" pageId="253" pageNumber="254" year="1847">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF67B88BFE0B45E27BC30D86" author="Cantor, T. E." box="[503,717,698,725]" pageId="253" pageNumber="254" pagination="607 - 656" refId="ref294201" refString="Cantor, T. E. (1847 a) Catalogue of reptiles inhabiting the Malayan Peninsula and islands, collected or observed by Theodore Cantor, Esq., M. D. Bengal Medical Service. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, 16 (Part 2, No. 180), 607 - 656, pl. 20. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 5057" type="journal article" year="1847">Cantor, 1847a: 656</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.—
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="8158BC74FF67B88BFD1245E37AB50D86" author="Flower, S. S." box="[750,955,698,725]" page="876" pageId="253" pageNumber="254" year="1896">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF67B88BFD1245E37AB50D86" author="Flower, S. S." box="[750,955,698,725]" pageId="253" pageNumber="254" pagination="856 - 914" refId="ref305802" refString="Flower, S. S. (1896) Notes on a collection of reptiles and batrachians made in the Malay Peninsula in 1895 - 96; with a list of the species recorded from that region. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1896 (4), 856 - 914, pls. 44 - 46." type="journal article" year="1896">Flower, 1896: 876</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.—
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="8158BC74FF67B88BFC2145E27DA00D86" author="Flower, S. S." box="[989,1198,699,725]" page="614" pageId="253" pageNumber="254" year="1899">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF67B88BFC2145E27DA00D86" author="Flower, S. S." box="[989,1198,699,725]" pageId="253" pageNumber="254" pagination="600 - 696" refId="ref305863" refString="Flower, S. S. (1899 b) Notes on a second collection of reptiles made in the Malay Peninsula and Siam, from November 1896 - September 1898, with a list of the species recorded from those countries. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1899 (4), 600 - 696, pls. 36 - 37." type="journal article" year="1899">Flower, 1899: 614</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, 652.—Ridley, 1899: 207.—
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="8158BC74FF67B88BFE5F45867B760DAA" author="Chasen, F. N." box="[419,632,734,761]" page="100" pageId="253" pageNumber="254" year="1925">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF67B88BFE5F45867B760DAA" author="Chasen, F. N." box="[419,632,734,761]" pageId="253" pageNumber="254" pagination="99 - 101" refId="ref295918" refString="Chasen, F. N. (1925) On the introduction of an Australian skink into Singapore Island. Journal of the Malayan Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, 3 (1), 99 - 101." type="journal article" year="1925">Chasen, 1925: 100</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="00469A65FF67B88BFF0B445A78CB0C12" blockId="253.[151,1437,554,1373]" pageId="253" pageNumber="254">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="20E9BD4BFF67B88BFF0B445A78CB0C12" pageId="253" pageNumber="254">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FF67B88BFF0B445A78E70C4E" ID-CoL="72QVG" box="[247,489,771,797]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Lygosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="253" pageNumber="254" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="quadrupes">
|
||
<emphasis id="328D4677FF67B88BFF0B445A78E70C4E" box="[247,489,771,797]" italics="true" pageId="253" pageNumber="254">Lygosoma quadrupes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(non-Linnaeus, 1766)—Chan-ard
|
||
<emphasis id="328D4677FF67B88BFC8B445A7ABC0C4E" box="[887,946,771,797]" italics="true" pageId="253" pageNumber="254">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2015: 132.—L.J.
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="8158BC74FF67B88BFB71445A7C3C0C4E" author="Lim, K. K. P. & Chua, M. A. H. & Lim, N. T. - L." box="[1165,1330,771,797]" page="68" pageId="253" pageNumber="254" year="2016">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF67B88BFB71445A7C3C0C4E" author="Lim, K. K. P. & Chua, M. A. H. & Lim, N. T. - L." box="[1165,1330,771,797]" pageId="253" pageNumber="254" pagination="165 - 198" refId="ref327018" refString="Lim, K. K. P., Chua, M. A. H. & Lim, N. T. - L. (2016) Freshwater fishes, terrestrial herpetofauna and mammals of Pulau Tekong, Singapore. Nature in Singapore, 9, 165 - 198." type="journal article" year="2016">Lim, 2016: 68</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
(Botanic Gardens).
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="00469A65FF67B88BFF0B44127AA30C36" blockId="253.[151,1437,554,1373]" box="[247,941,843,869]" pageId="253" pageNumber="254">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FF67B88BFF0B441278D30C37" authorityName="Siler, Heitz, Davis, Freitas, Aowphol, Termprayoon & Grismer" authorityYear="2018" box="[247,477,843,868]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Lygosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="253" pageNumber="254" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="siamensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="328D4677FF67B88BFF0B441278D30C37" box="[247,477,843,868]" italics="true" pageId="253" pageNumber="254">Lygosoma siamensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
—J.K.I. Ho, 2019: 42 (Botanic Gardens).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="48E3C9EEFF67B88BFF6B44367DCE0A6A" pageId="253" pageNumber="254" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="00469A65FF67B88BFF6B443678B40A46" blockId="253.[151,1437,554,1373]" pageId="253" pageNumber="254">
|
||
<emphasis id="328D4677FF67B88BFF6B443678050CDA" bold="true" box="[151,267,879,905]" pageId="253" pageNumber="254">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
Until recently,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FF67B88BFE4E44367B340CDB" authorityName="Siler, Heitz, Davis, Freitas, Aowphol, Termprayoon & Grismer" authorityYear="2018" box="[434,570,879,904]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Lygosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="253" pageNumber="254" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="siamensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="328D4677FF67B88BFE4E44367B340CDB" box="[434,570,879,904]" italics="true" pageId="253" pageNumber="254">L. siamensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was known as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FF67B88BFD2044367D3A0CDA" authority="(Siler et al. 2018)" baseAuthorityName="Siler" baseAuthorityYear="2018" box="[732,1076,879,905]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Lygosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="253" pageNumber="254" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="quadrupes">
|
||
<emphasis id="328D4677FF67B88BFD2044367A630CDA" box="[732,877,879,905]" italics="true" pageId="253" pageNumber="254">L. quadrupes</emphasis>
|
||
(Siler
|
||
<emphasis id="328D4677FF67B88BFC4944367AE50CDA" box="[949,1003,879,905]" italics="true" pageId="253" pageNumber="254">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2018)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF67B88BFBC144367DEB0CDA" author="Cantor, T. E." box="[1085,1253,879,905]" pageId="253" pageNumber="254" pagination="607 - 656" refId="ref294201" refString="Cantor, T. E. (1847 a) Catalogue of reptiles inhabiting the Malayan Peninsula and islands, collected or observed by Theodore Cantor, Esq., M. D. Bengal Medical Service. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, 16 (Part 2, No. 180), 607 - 656, pl. 20. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 5057" type="journal article" year="1847">Cantor (1847a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
listed
|
||
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FF67B88BFAD744367C930CDA" box="[1323,1437,879,905]" name="Singapore" pageId="253" pageNumber="254">Singapore</collectingCountry>
|
||
as part of the distribution for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FF67B88BFDB844CA7BDE0CFF" authorityName="Siler, Heitz, Davis, Freitas, Aowphol, Termprayoon & Grismer" authorityYear="2018" box="[580,720,915,940]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Lygosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="253" pageNumber="254" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="siamensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="328D4677FF67B88BFDB844CA7BDE0CFF" box="[580,720,915,940]" italics="true" pageId="253" pageNumber="254">L. siamensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
based on a specimen at the Museum of the Asiatic Society, but the specimen was from Penang (Theobald 1868). No other specimens were collected from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FF67B88BFB0844EE7C660C82" box="[1268,1384,951,977]" name="Singapore" pageId="253" pageNumber="254">Singapore</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and subsequent papers do not consider
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FF67B88BFD8544827A0D0CA7" authorityName="Siler, Heitz, Davis, Freitas, Aowphol, Termprayoon & Grismer" authorityYear="2018" box="[633,771,987,1012]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Lygosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="253" pageNumber="254" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="siamensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="328D4677FF67B88BFD8544827A0D0CA7" box="[633,771,987,1012]" italics="true" pageId="253" pageNumber="254">L. siamensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as part of Singapore’s lizard fauna (Sworder 1925;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF67B88BFAC2448278640B4A" author="Baker, N. & Lim, K. P." pageId="253" pageNumber="254" refId="ref289917" refString="Baker, N. & Lim, K. P. (2012) Wild Animals of Singapore: A Photographic Guide to Mammals, Reptiles, Amphibians and Freshwater Fishes. Updated Edition. Draco Publishing and Distribution Pte Ltd and Nature Society, Singapore, 180 pp." type="book" year="2012">Baker & Lim 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). However, recently
|
||
<specimenCount id="16FF51ECFF67B88BFDAC44A67BF80B4A" box="[592,758,1023,1049]" pageId="253" pageNumber="254" type="generic">two specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
were collected at SBG on
|
||
<date id="7447BCA5FF67B88BFBDC44A67DE80B4A" box="[1056,1254,1023,1049]" pageId="253" pageNumber="254" value="2016-02-29">29 February 2016</date>
|
||
(Lim 2016) and on
|
||
<date id="7447BCA5FF67B88BFEE7437A78C60B6E" box="[283,456,1059,1085]" pageId="253" pageNumber="254" value="2019-03-16">16 March 2019</date>
|
||
(Ho 2019). This locale hints to the individuals arriving as stowaways, which is highly likely since
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF67B88BFE87431E7B140B32" author="Flower, S. S." box="[379,538,1095,1121]" pageId="253" pageNumber="254" pagination="600 - 696" refId="ref305863" refString="Flower, S. S. (1899 b) Notes on a second collection of reptiles made in the Malay Peninsula and Siam, from November 1896 - September 1898, with a list of the species recorded from those countries. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1899 (4), 600 - 696, pls. 36 - 37." type="journal article" year="1899">Flower (1899)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
mentioned one that was caught on a ship traveling from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FF67B88BFB7F431E7DE90B32" box="[1155,1255,1095,1121]" name="Thailand" pageId="253" pageNumber="254">Thailand</collectingCountry>
|
||
to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FF67B88BFAFB431E7C720B32" box="[1287,1404,1095,1121]" name="Singapore" pageId="253" pageNumber="254">Singapore</collectingCountry>
|
||
. In addition,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FF67B88BFE9C433278E70BD7" authorityName="Siler, Heitz, Davis, Freitas, Aowphol, Termprayoon & Grismer" authorityYear="2018" box="[352,489,1131,1156]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Lygosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="253" pageNumber="254" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="siamensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="328D4677FF67B88BFE9C433278E70BD7" box="[352,489,1131,1156]" italics="true" pageId="253" pageNumber="254">L. siamensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
only ranges as far south as central Peninsular
|
||
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FF67B88BFC1943327D420BD6" box="[997,1100,1131,1157]" name="Malaysia" pageId="253" pageNumber="254">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF67B88BFBA643327C0B0BD6" author="Grismer, L. L." box="[1114,1285,1131,1157]" pageId="253" pageNumber="254" refId="ref309725" refString="Grismer, L. L. (2011 b) Lizards of Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore and Their Adjacent Archipelagos. Edition Chimaira, Frankfurt am Main, 728 pp." type="book" year="2011">Grismer 2011b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), but
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF67B88BFABC433278410BFA" author="Grismer, L. L." pageId="253" pageNumber="254" refId="ref309725" refString="Grismer, L. L. (2011 b) Lizards of Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore and Their Adjacent Archipelagos. Edition Chimaira, Frankfurt am Main, 728 pp." type="book" year="2011">Grismer (2011b)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
suspected that it likely ranges throughout Peninsular
|
||
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FF67B88BFC5343D67D180BFA" box="[943,1046,1167,1193]" name="Malaysia" pageId="253" pageNumber="254">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
|
||
given its presence in Sumatra and Java, and its extremely cryptic nature. Thus, there is a possibility that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FF67B88BFC0743EA7D8A0B9F" authorityName="Siler, Heitz, Davis, Freitas, Aowphol, Termprayoon & Grismer" authorityYear="2018" box="[1019,1156,1203,1228]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Lygosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="253" pageNumber="254" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="siamensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="328D4677FF67B88BFC0743EA7D8A0B9F" box="[1019,1156,1203,1228]" italics="true" pageId="253" pageNumber="254">L. siamensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
does occur in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FF67B88BFAD843EA7C960B9E" box="[1316,1432,1203,1229]" name="Singapore" pageId="253" pageNumber="254">Singapore</collectingCountry>
|
||
, but this conclusion requires additional specimens. For now, we exclude
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FF67B88BFBC3438E7DC30BA3" authorityName="Siler, Heitz, Davis, Freitas, Aowphol, Termprayoon & Grismer" authorityYear="2018" box="[1087,1229,1239,1264]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Lygosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="253" pageNumber="254" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="siamensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="328D4677FF67B88BFBC3438E7DC30BA3" box="[1087,1229,1239,1264]" italics="true" pageId="253" pageNumber="254">L. siamensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Singapore’s herpetofauna list.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="00469A65FF67B88BFF6B42477DCE0A6A" blockId="253.[151,1437,554,1373]" box="[151,1216,1310,1337]" pageId="253" pageNumber="254">
|
||
<emphasis id="328D4677FF67B88BFF6B42477A720A6B" bold="true" box="[151,892,1310,1337]" pageId="253" pageNumber="254">LKCNHM & NHMUK Museum specimens. Botanic Gardens:</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="B0919038FF67B88BFC7F42477DB20A6A" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4120687629" box="[899,1212,1310,1337]" collectingDate="2016-02-29" collectionCode="ZRC" pageId="253" pageNumber="254" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<collectionCode id="66E802A0FF67B88BFC7F42477AB20A6A" box="[899,956,1310,1337]" country="Singapore" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/16z4-1tbx" name="Zoological Reference Collection, National University of Singapore" pageId="253" pageNumber="254">ZRC</collectionCode>
|
||
.2.7151 (
|
||
<date id="7447BCA5FF67B88BFBE142467DBA0A6A" box="[1053,1204,1311,1337]" pageId="253" pageNumber="254" value="2016-02-29">
|
||
<collectingDate id="6403454DFF67B88BFBE142467DBA0A6A" box="[1053,1204,1311,1337]" pageId="253" pageNumber="254" value="2016-02-29">29-Feb-2016</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="48E3C9EEFF67B88BFF6B421B7A390A0E" box="[151,823,1346,1373]" pageId="253" pageNumber="254" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="00469A65FF67B88BFF6B421B7A390A0E" blockId="253.[151,1437,554,1373]" box="[151,823,1346,1373]" pageId="253" pageNumber="254">
|
||
<emphasis id="328D4677FF67B88BFF6B421B7B840A0F" bold="true" box="[151,650,1346,1373]" pageId="253" pageNumber="254">
|
||
Additional
|
||
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FF67B88BFEE2421B78990A0F" box="[286,407,1346,1372]" name="Singapore" pageId="253" pageNumber="254">Singapore</collectingCountry>
|
||
museum specimens.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
No specimens.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |