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<mods:title id="082B1914F21485EF4AB542BEA9E04C01">Singapore’s herpetofauna: updated and annotated checklist, history, conservation, and distribution</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="C4EED206624FDC25399B06CF4F64CC94">Low, Martyn E. Y.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="7D69B1DDF6BE37E09B30CFE24B9F7246" type="email">martyn.low@nus.edu.sg</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="B4E731C692FD2E40C08ECE57EAE37794">Lim, Kelvin K. P.</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="88502B73FF48B8A5FF6B437B7BBC0CAD" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7968043" ID-GBIF-Taxon="209662140" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7968043" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:88502B73FF48B8A5FF6B437B7BBC0CAD" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/88502B73FF48B8A5FF6B437B7BBC0CAD" lastPageId="211" lastPageNumber="212" pageId="210" pageNumber="211">
<subSubSection id="48E3C9EEFF48B8A4FF6B437B7A290B6F" box="[151,807,1058,1085]" pageId="210" pageNumber="211" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="00469A65FF48B8A4FF6B437B7A290B6F" blockId="210.[151,1437,1058,2021]" box="[151,807,1058,1085]" pageId="210" pageNumber="211">
<heading id="5B0E2D09FF48B8A4FF6B437B7A290B6F" box="[151,807,1058,1085]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="210" pageNumber="211" reason="5">
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FF48B8A4FF6B437B7BBA0B6E" ID-CoL="3FVQL" authority="(Eydoux &amp; Gervais, 1837)" baseAuthorityName="Eydoux &amp; Gervais" baseAuthorityYear="1837" box="[151,692,1058,1085]" class="Reptilia" family="Homalopsidae" genus="Gerarda" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="210" pageNumber="211" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="prevostiana">
<emphasis id="328D4677FF48B8A4FF6B437B788B0B6E" bold="true" box="[151,389,1058,1085]" italics="true" pageId="210" pageNumber="211">Gerarda prevostiana</emphasis>
(Eydoux &amp; Gervais, 1837)
</taxonomicName>
—
<emphasis id="328D4677FF48B8A4FD2E437B7A290B6F" bold="true" box="[722,807,1058,1084]" pageId="210" pageNumber="211">Native.</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="48E3C9EEFF48B8A4FF0B431E78C40BFA" pageId="210" pageNumber="211" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="00469A65FF48B8A4FF0B431E7C0F0BD6" blockId="210.[151,1437,1058,2021]" pageId="210" pageNumber="211">
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FF48B8A4FF0B431E7AEC0B32" authority="Eydoux &amp; Gervais, 1837: 5 - 8" authorityName="Eydoux &amp; Gervais" authorityPageNumber="5 - 8" authorityYear="1837" box="[247,994,1094,1121]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Coluber" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="210" pageNumber="211" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="prevostianus" subGenus="Homalopsis">
<emphasis id="328D4677FF48B8A4FF0B431E785D0B32" box="[247,339,1095,1121]" italics="true" pageId="210" pageNumber="211">Coluber</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="328D4677FF48B8A4FE9F431E78E70B32" box="[355,489,1095,1121]" italics="true" pageId="210" pageNumber="211">Homalopsis</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="328D4677FF48B8A4FE06431E7B860B33" box="[506,648,1095,1120]" italics="true" pageId="210" pageNumber="211">prevostianus</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="B0919038FF48B8A4FD73431E7AEC0B32" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4120688965" box="[655,994,1094,1121]" country="Philippines" location="Manille" pageId="210" pageNumber="211" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Manila" typeStatus="syntype">Eydoux &amp; Gervais, 1837: 5–8</materialsCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, pl. 15.
<typeStatus id="DF4224C7FF48B8A4FBC0431E7DAD0B32" box="[1084,1187,1095,1121]" pageId="210" pageNumber="211" type="syntype">Syntypes</typeStatus>
(2): MNHN-RA 3758 and 7593, by original designation. Type locality: “
<collectingRegion id="C23D5487FF48B8A4FC7443327AEA0BD6" box="[904,996,1131,1157]" country="Philippines" name="Manila" pageId="210" pageNumber="211">Manille</collectingRegion>
” (=
<collectingRegion id="C23D5487FF48B8A4FBE943327D670BD6" box="[1045,1129,1131,1157]" country="Philippines" name="Manila" pageId="210" pageNumber="211">Manila</collectingRegion>
),
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FF48B8A4FB8743327DF30BD6" box="[1147,1277,1131,1157]" name="Philippines" pageId="210" pageNumber="211">Philippines</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="00469A65FF48B8A4FF6B43D678C40BFA" blockId="210.[151,1437,1058,2021]" box="[151,458,1167,1193]" pageId="210" pageNumber="211">Yellow-lipped Water Snake</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="48E3C9EEFF48B8A4FF6B43EA78270B9E" box="[151,297,1203,1229]" pageId="210" pageNumber="211" type="description">
<paragraph id="00469A65FF48B8A4FF6B43EA78270B9E" blockId="210.[151,1437,1058,2021]" box="[151,297,1203,1229]" pageId="210" pageNumber="211">
(
<figureCitation id="98C286E0FF48B8A4FF6343EA782F0B9E" box="[159,289,1203,1229]" captionStart="FIGURE 24" captionStartId="368.[152,255,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[155,1433,181,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-34@368.[155,1433,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="368" captionText="FIGURE 24. A) Enhydris enhydris, B) Fordonia leucobalia, C) Gerarda prevostiana, D) Homalopsis buccata, E) Phytolopsis punctata, F) Raclitia indica, G) Psammodynastes pictus, and H) Asthenodipsas laevis. Photographs by: Joan Lee [A], Alex Figueroa [B–D], Holly Siow [E], Dennis Nathaniel Chan [F], Nick Baker [G], and Kelvin K.P. Lim [H]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7960367" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7960367/files/figure.png" pageId="210" pageNumber="211">Figure 24C</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="48E3C9EEFF48B8A4FF6B438F7B2809BA" pageId="210" pageNumber="211" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="00469A65FF48B8A4FF6B438F78760BA2" blockId="210.[151,1437,1058,2021]" box="[151,376,1238,1265]" pageId="210" pageNumber="211">
<emphasis id="328D4677FF48B8A4FF6B438F78760BA2" bold="true" box="[151,376,1238,1265]" pageId="210" pageNumber="211">
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FF48B8A4FF6B438F781E0BA3" box="[151,272,1238,1264]" name="Singapore" pageId="210" pageNumber="211">Singapore</collectingCountry>
records.
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="00469A65FF48B8A4FF0B43A27B2809BA" blockId="210.[151,1437,1058,2021]" pageId="210" pageNumber="211">
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FF48B8A4FF0B43A278EC0A47" baseAuthorityName="Eydoux &amp; Gervais" baseAuthorityYear="1837" box="[247,482,1275,1301]" class="Reptilia" family="Homalopsidae" genus="Gerarda" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="210" pageNumber="211" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="prevostiana">
<emphasis id="328D4677FF48B8A4FF0B43A278EC0A47" box="[247,482,1275,1301]" italics="true" pageId="210" pageNumber="211">Gerarda prevostiana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
—K.K.P. Lim &amp; L.M. Chou, 1990: 54.—K.K.P.
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF48B8A4FBF543A27C280A46" author="Lim, K. K. P. &amp; Subharaj, R." box="[1033,1318,1275,1301]" pageId="210" pageNumber="211" pagination="5 - 9" refId="ref326394" refString="Lim, K. K. P. &amp; Subharaj, R. (1992) Reptiles &amp; Amphibians. The Pangolin, 5 (1 - 4), 5 - 9." type="journal article" year="1992">Lim &amp; Subharaj, 1992: 7</bibRefCitation>
(Lim Chu Kang Mangroves).—K.K.P. Lim &amp; F.L.K.
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF48B8A4FCAB42467D010A6A" author="Lim, K. K. P. &amp; Lim, F. L. K." box="[855,1039,1311,1337]" pageId="210" pageNumber="211" refId="ref326515" refString="Lim, K. K. P. &amp; Lim, F. L. K. (1992) A Guide to the Amphibians and Reptiles of Singapore. Singapore Science Centre, Singapore, 160 pp." type="book" year="1992">Lim, 1992: 147</bibRefCitation>
.—
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF48B8A4FBCC4246788E0A0E" author="Manthey, U. &amp; Grossmann, W." pageId="210" pageNumber="211" refId="ref329083" refString="Manthey, U. &amp; Grossmann, W. (1997) Amphibien und Reptilian Sudostasien. Natur und Tier, M ¸ nster, 512 pp." type="book" year="1997">Manthey &amp; Grossmann, 1997: 353</bibRefCitation>
.—
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF48B8A4FE5D421B7BD10A0E" author="Iskandar, D. T. &amp; Colijn, E." box="[417,735,1346,1373]" pageId="210" pageNumber="211" refId="ref315641" refString="Iskandar, D. T. &amp; Colijn, E. (2001) A Checklist of Southeast Asian and New Guinean Reptiles. Part I. Serpentes. Biodiversity Conservation Project (Indonesian Institute of Sciences - Japan International Cooperation Agency - The Ministry of Forestry). The Gibbon Foundation and Institute of Technology, Bandung, 195 pp." type="book" year="2001">Iskandar &amp; Colijn, 2001: 93</bibRefCitation>
.—
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF48B8A4FCFD421A7D0E0A0E" author="Jayne, B. C. &amp; Voris, H. K. &amp; Ng, P. K." box="[769,1024,1347,1373]" pageId="210" pageNumber="211" pagination="143 - 143" refId="ref316336" refString="Jayne, B. C., Voris, H. K. &amp; Ng, P. K. (2002) Snake circumvents constraints on prey size. Nature, 418 (6894), 143 - 143. https: // doi. org / 10.1038 / 418143 a" type="journal article" year="2002">
Jayne
<emphasis id="328D4677FF48B8A4FCB6421A7A8D0A0E" box="[842,899,1347,1373]" italics="true" pageId="210" pageNumber="211">et al.</emphasis>
, 2002: 143
</bibRefCitation>
.—
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF48B8A4FBDE421A7C290A0E" author="Karns, D. R. &amp; Voris, H. K. &amp; Goodwin, T. G." box="[1058,1319,1347,1373]" pageId="210" pageNumber="211" pagination="487 - 498" refId="ref317473" refString="Karns, D. R., Voris, H. K. &amp; Goodwin, T. G. (2002) Ecology of Oriental-Australian rear-fanged water snakes (Colubridae: Homalopsinae) in the Pasir Ris Park mangrove forest, Singapore. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 50 (2), 487 - 498." type="journal article" year="2002">
Karns
<emphasis id="328D4677FF48B8A4FB93421A7DA60A0E" box="[1135,1192,1347,1373]" italics="true" pageId="210" pageNumber="211">et al.</emphasis>
, 2002: 488
</bibRefCitation>
(Pasir Ris Mangroves).—K.P. Lim &amp; F.L.K.
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF48B8A4FD14423E7AAE0AD2" author="Lim, K. P. &amp; Lim, F. L. K." box="[744,928,1383,1409]" pageId="210" pageNumber="211" refId="ref327168" refString="Lim, K. P. &amp; Lim, F. L. K. (2002) A Guide to the Amphibians and Reptiles of Singapore. Revised Edition. Singapore Science Centre, Singapore, 160 pp." type="book" year="2002">Lim, 2002: 147</bibRefCitation>
.—J.C. Murphy &amp; Voris, 2002: 107.—Voris &amp; J.C. Murphy, 2002: 1626 (Lim Chu Kang).—
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF48B8A4FC7842D27D880AF6" author="Anonymous" box="[900,1158,1419,1445]" pageId="210" pageNumber="211" refId="ref288767" refString="Anonymous (2003) Sungei Buloh Wetland Reserve - A Decade of Wetland Conservation. National Parks Board, Singapore, 98 pp." type="book" year="2003">Anonymous, 2003: 92</bibRefCitation>
(Sungei Buloh Wetland Reserve).—
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF48B8A4FE2142F67BD00A9A" author="Karns, D. R. &amp; Murphy, J. C. &amp; Voris, H. K. &amp; Suddeth, J. S." box="[477,734,1454,1481]" pageId="210" pageNumber="211" pagination="73 - 90" refId="ref317531" refString="Karns, D. R., Murphy, J. C., Voris, H. K. &amp; Suddeth, J. S. (2005) Comparison of semi-aquatic snake communities associated with the Khorat Basin, Thailand. Tropical Natural History, 5 (2), 73 - 90." type="journal article" year="2005">
Karns
<emphasis id="328D4677FF48B8A4FDD742F67B690A9A" box="[555,615,1455,1481]" italics="true" pageId="210" pageNumber="211">et al.</emphasis>
, 2005: 86
</bibRefCitation>
.—R. Somaweera
<emphasis id="328D4677FF48B8A4FC4E42F67AE00A9A" box="[946,1006,1455,1481]" italics="true" pageId="210" pageNumber="211">et al.</emphasis>
, 2006: 91.—J.C. Murphy, 2007: 186 (“Pasar Ris” [
<collectionCode id="66E802A0FF48B8A4FE0C428A7B4A0ABE" box="[496,580,1491,1517]" pageId="210" pageNumber="211">PRPM</collectionCode>
]).—N. Baker &amp; K.P. Lim, 2008: 110, 161.—K.K.P. Lim
<emphasis id="328D4677FF48B8A4FB3E428A7DF40ABE" box="[1218,1274,1491,1517]" italics="true" pageId="210" pageNumber="211">et al.</emphasis>
, 2008: 265.— P.K.L. Ng
<emphasis id="328D4677FF48B8A4FE3042AE7B0A0942" box="[460,516,1527,1553]" italics="true" pageId="210" pageNumber="211">et al.</emphasis>
, 2008: 166.—P.Z.
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF48B8A4FD2942AE7ACB0942" author="Chen, P. Z." box="[725,965,1526,1553]" pageId="210" pageNumber="211" pagination="195 - 197" refId="ref296100" refString="Chen, P. Z. (2010) An observation of crab predation by a Gerard's water snake, Gerarda prevostiana (Reptilia: Squamata: Homalopsidae) in the wild at Sungei Buloh, Singapore. Nature in Singapore, 3, 195 - 197." type="journal article" year="2010">Chen, 2010: 195–197</bibRefCitation>
(Lim Chu Kang Mangrove Forest; Sungei Buloh Wetland Reserve).—
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF48B8A4FD7241427A360966" author="Das, I." box="[654,824,1563,1589]" pageId="210" pageNumber="211" refId="ref300845" refString="Das, I. (2010) A Field Guide to the Reptiles of Thailand and South-East Asia. New Holland, London, 376 pp." type="book" year="2010">Das, 2010: 329</bibRefCitation>
.—P.K.L. Ng
<emphasis id="328D4677FF48B8A4FC2C41427D060966" box="[976,1032,1563,1589]" italics="true" pageId="210" pageNumber="211">et al.</emphasis>
, 2011: 502.—N. Baker &amp; K.P. Lim, 2012: 110, 161.—
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF48B8A4FDD441667BEA090A" author="Das, I." box="[552,740,1599,1625]" pageId="210" pageNumber="211" refId="ref300872" refString="Das, I. (2012 a) A Naturalist's Guide to the Snakes of South-East Asia. John Beaufoy Publishing, Oxford, 160 pp." type="book" year="2012">Das, 2012a: 111</bibRefCitation>
.—Voris &amp; J.C. Murphy, 2012: 194.—Stuebing
<emphasis id="328D4677FF48B8A4FAEC41667C45090A" box="[1296,1355,1599,1625]" italics="true" pageId="210" pageNumber="211">et al.</emphasis>
, 2014: 102.—Chan-ard
<emphasis id="328D4677FF48B8A4FDEA413A7B5C092E" box="[534,594,1635,1661]" italics="true" pageId="210" pageNumber="211">et al.</emphasis>
, 2015: 244.—Ukuwela
<emphasis id="328D4677FF48B8A4FC94413A7AAA092E" box="[872,932,1635,1661]" italics="true" pageId="210" pageNumber="211">et al.</emphasis>
, 2017: 29.—
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF48B8A4FBC2413A7DE2092E" author="Das, I." box="[1086,1260,1635,1661]" pageId="210" pageNumber="211" refId="ref300966" refString="Das, I. (2018) A Naturalist's Guide to the Snakes of Southeast Asia. 2 nd Edition. John Beaufoy Publishing, Oxford, 176 pp." type="book" year="2018">Das, 2018: 129</bibRefCitation>
.—Jayne
<emphasis id="328D4677FF48B8A4FAA6413A7C98092E" box="[1370,1430,1635,1661]" italics="true" pageId="210" pageNumber="211">et al.</emphasis>
, 2018: 638.—
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF48B8A4FE1741DE7A4809F2" author="Karunarathna, S. &amp; Surasinghe, T. &amp; Botejue, M. &amp; Madawala, M." box="[491,838,1671,1697]" pageId="210" pageNumber="211" pagination="8 - 13" refId="ref317587" refString="Karunarathna, S., Surasinghe, T., Botejue, M. &amp; Madawala, M. (2018) Gerarda prevostiana (Serpentes: Homalopsidae) in Sri Lanka: distribution and behaviour. Herpetological Bulletin, 145, 8 - 13." type="journal article" year="2018">
Karunarathna
<emphasis id="328D4677FF48B8A4FD6F41DE7BC109F2" box="[659,719,1671,1697]" italics="true" pageId="210" pageNumber="211">et al.</emphasis>
, 2018: 12
</bibRefCitation>
.—Quah et al, 2018b: 56.—
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF48B8A4FB7241DF7C7709F2" author="Charlton, T." box="[1166,1401,1670,1697]" pageId="210" pageNumber="211" refId="ref295882" refString="Charlton, T. (2020) A Guide to Snakes of Peninsular Malaysia and Singapore. Natural History Publications (Borneo) Sdn. Bhd., Kota Kinabalu, viii + 299 pp." type="book" year="2020">Charlton, 2020: 100</bibRefCitation>
.—
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF48B8A4FEAB41F27BD80996" author="Figueroa, A. &amp; McCleary, R. J. R." box="[343,726,1707,1733]" pageId="210" pageNumber="211" pagination="1281 - 1285" refId="ref305422" refString="Figueroa, A. &amp; McCleary, R. J. R. (2021) Descending from the trees onto the mud to feed: Observation of ophiophagy by Trimeresurus purpureomaculatus (Gray, 1832) on Fordonia leucobalia (Schlegel, 1837). Herpetology Notes, 14, 1281 - 1285." type="journal article" year="2021">Figueroa &amp; McCleary 2021: 1283</bibRefCitation>
.—Ukuwela
<emphasis id="328D4677FF48B8A4FC9841F27A920996" box="[868,924,1707,1733]" italics="true" pageId="210" pageNumber="211">et al.</emphasis>
, 2022: 4.—K.H.
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF48B8A4FBA341F27DFC0996" author="Koh, K. H." box="[1119,1266,1707,1733]" pageId="210" pageNumber="211" pagination="2023006" refId="ref318937" refString="Koh, K. H. (2023) Biodiversity Record: Malayan water monitor preying on Gerard's water snake. Nature in Singapore, 16, e 2023006." type="journal article" year="2023">Koh, 2023: 1</bibRefCitation>
(Sungei Buloh Wetland Reserve).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="48E3C9EEFF48B8A4FF0B41AA7A70085E" box="[247,894,1779,1805]" pageId="210" pageNumber="211" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="00469A65FF48B8A4FF0B41AA7A70085E" blockId="210.[151,1437,1058,2021]" box="[247,894,1779,1805]" pageId="210" pageNumber="211">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="20E9BD4BFF48B8A4FF0B41AA7A70085E" box="[247,894,1779,1805]" pageId="210" pageNumber="211">
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FF48B8A4FF0B41AA7B2F085F" authorityName="Wall" authorityYear="1905" box="[247,545,1779,1805]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Gerardia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="210" pageNumber="211" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="prevostiana">
<emphasis id="328D4677FF48B8A4FF0B41AA7850085E" box="[247,350,1779,1805]" italics="true" pageId="210" pageNumber="211">Gerardia</emphasis>
[sic]
<emphasis id="328D4677FF48B8A4FE6241AA7B2F085F" box="[414,545,1779,1804]" italics="true" pageId="210" pageNumber="211">prevostiana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
—L.M.
<treatmentCitation id="8158BC74FF48B8A4FD8041AA7A74085E" author="Chou L. M. &amp; Ng, P. K. L. &amp; Lim, K. K. P." box="[636,890,1779,1805]" page="106" pageId="210" pageNumber="211" year="1994">
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF48B8A4FD8041AA7A74085E" author="Chou L. M. &amp; Ng, P. K. L. &amp; Lim, K. K. P." box="[636,890,1779,1805]" pageId="210" pageNumber="211" pagination="70 - 106" refId="ref297613" refString="Chou L. M., Ng, P. K. L. &amp; Lim, K. K. P. (1994) Animalia. In: Wee, Y. C. &amp; Ng, P. K. L. (Eds.), A First Look at Biodiversity in Singapore. National Council on the Environment, Singapore, pp. 70 - 106." type="book chapter" year="1994">
Chou
<emphasis id="328D4677FF48B8A4FD3C41AA7BF6085E" box="[704,760,1779,1805]" italics="true" pageId="210" pageNumber="211">et al.</emphasis>
, 1994: 106
</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="48E3C9EEFF48B8A5FF6B404E7DAC0EDA" lastPageId="211" lastPageNumber="212" pageId="210" pageNumber="211" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="00469A65FF48B8A5FF6B404E7BCA0E36" blockId="210.[151,1437,1058,2021]" lastBlockId="211.[151,1437,151,789]" lastPageId="211" lastPageNumber="212" pageId="210" pageNumber="211">
<emphasis id="328D4677FF48B8A4FF6B404E78050862" bold="true" box="[151,267,1815,1841]" pageId="210" pageNumber="211">Remarks.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FF48B8A4FEEA404E7B0D0863" baseAuthorityName="Eydoux &amp; Gervais" baseAuthorityYear="1837" box="[278,515,1815,1841]" class="Reptilia" family="Homalopsidae" genus="Gerarda" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="210" pageNumber="211" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="prevostiana">
<emphasis id="328D4677FF48B8A4FEEA404E7B0D0863" box="[278,515,1815,1841]" italics="true" pageId="210" pageNumber="211">Gerarda prevostiana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a rare snake throughout its range (Murphy 2007). It was first discovered in Peninsular
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FF48B8A4FE88406278D50806" box="[372,475,1851,1877]" name="Malaysia" pageId="210" pageNumber="211">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
in 1917 at Kuala Kurau (
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF48B8A4FD0940627A760806" author="Kloss, C. B." box="[757,888,1851,1877]" pageId="210" pageNumber="211" pagination="201 - 202" refId="ref318311" refString="Kloss, C. B. (1921) Some water snakes new to, or rare in the Malay Peninsula. Journal of the Federated Malay States Museum, 10, 201 - 202." type="journal article" year="1921">Kloss 1921</bibRefCitation>
), but no such publication exists detailing the first record for
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FF48B8A4FE93400678EA082A" box="[367,484,1887,1913]" name="Singapore" pageId="210" pageNumber="211">Singapore</collectingCountry>
. Thus, the first mention of
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FF48B8A4FCE440067AB0082B" baseAuthorityName="Eydoux &amp; Gervais" baseAuthorityYear="1837" box="[792,958,1887,1913]" class="Reptilia" family="Homalopsidae" genus="Gerarda" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="210" pageNumber="211" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="prevostiana">
<emphasis id="328D4677FF48B8A4FCE440067AB0082B" box="[792,958,1887,1913]" italics="true" pageId="210" pageNumber="211">G. prevostiana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is in
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF48B8A4FC0240067DEA082A" author="Lim, K. K. P. &amp; Chou, L. M." box="[1022,1252,1887,1913]" pageId="210" pageNumber="211" pagination="49 - 59" refId="ref326283" refString="Lim, K. K. P. &amp; Chou, L. M. (1990) The herpetofauna of Singapore. In: Chou, L. M. &amp; Ng, P. K. L. (Eds.), Essays in Zoology: Papers commemorating the 40 th Anniversary of the Department of Zoology, National University of Singapore. National University of Singapore, Singapore, pp. 49 - 59." type="book chapter" year="1990">Lim &amp; Chou (1990)</bibRefCitation>
, but they do not reference any older material. It may be that they refer to specimen ZRC.2.3292 collected from a kelong off Lim Chu Kang in
<date id="7447BCA5FF48B8A4FE3E40FE7B210892" box="[450,559,1959,1985]" pageId="210" pageNumber="211" value="1981-07">July 1981</date>
by Voris and Jeffries or to observations not hitherto reported. Nonetheless, the first report of an actual observation of
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FF48B8A4FD4C40927A5908B7" baseAuthorityName="Eydoux &amp; Gervais" baseAuthorityYear="1837" box="[688,855,1995,2021]" class="Reptilia" family="Homalopsidae" genus="Gerarda" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="210" pageNumber="211" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="prevostiana">
<emphasis id="328D4677FF48B8A4FD4C40927A5908B7" box="[688,855,1995,2021]" italics="true" pageId="210" pageNumber="211">G. prevostiana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FF48B8A4FC6240927D1E08B6" box="[926,1040,1995,2021]" name="Singapore" pageId="210" pageNumber="211">Singapore</collectingCountry>
is by
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF48B8A4FBA440927C6A08B6" author="Lim, K. K. P. &amp; Subharaj, R." box="[1112,1380,1995,2021]" pageId="210" pageNumber="211" pagination="5 - 9" refId="ref326394" refString="Lim, K. K. P. &amp; Subharaj, R. (1992) Reptiles &amp; Amphibians. The Pangolin, 5 (1 - 4), 5 - 9." type="journal article" year="1992">Lim &amp; Subharaj (1992)</bibRefCitation>
who noted a live individual found at LCKNP on
<date id="7447BCA5FF49B8A5FD0F47CE7ABD0FE2" box="[755,947,151,177]" pageId="211" pageNumber="212" value="1992-01-14">14 January 1992</date>
. Afterwards,
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FF49B8A5FBB147CE7DFB0FE3" baseAuthorityName="Eydoux &amp; Gervais" baseAuthorityYear="1837" box="[1101,1269,151,177]" class="Reptilia" family="Homalopsidae" genus="Gerarda" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="211" pageNumber="212" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="prevostiana">
<emphasis id="328D4677FF49B8A5FBB147CE7DFB0FE3" box="[1101,1269,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="211" pageNumber="212">G. prevostiana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has only been reported by
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF49B8A5FE7C47E27B180F86" author="Karns, D. R. &amp; Voris, H. K. &amp; Goodwin, T. G." box="[384,534,187,213]" pageId="211" pageNumber="212" pagination="487 - 498" refId="ref317473" refString="Karns, D. R., Voris, H. K. &amp; Goodwin, T. G. (2002) Ecology of Oriental-Australian rear-fanged water snakes (Colubridae: Homalopsinae) in the Pasir Ris Park mangrove forest, Singapore. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 50 (2), 487 - 498." type="journal article" year="2002">Karns (2002)</bibRefCitation>
who studied it at PRPM, Murphy (2007) who presented a photograph of one at PRPM,
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF49B8A5FEB3478678D40FAA" author="Chen, P. Z." box="[335,474,223,249]" pageId="211" pageNumber="212" pagination="195 - 197" refId="ref296100" refString="Chen, P. Z. (2010) An observation of crab predation by a Gerard's water snake, Gerarda prevostiana (Reptilia: Squamata: Homalopsidae) in the wild at Sungei Buloh, Singapore. Nature in Singapore, 3, 195 - 197." type="journal article" year="2010">Chen (2010)</bibRefCitation>
who reported one seen eating a sesarmid crab at SBWR on
<date id="7447BCA5FF49B8A5FB9647867DE40FAA" box="[1130,1258,223,249]" pageId="211" pageNumber="212" value="2010-07-01">1 July 2010</date>
and one sighted at LCKNP on
<date id="7447BCA5FF49B8A5FE5C465A7B430E4E" box="[416,589,259,285]" pageId="211" pageNumber="212" value="2010-08-07">7 August 2010</date>
, and by
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF49B8A5FD48465A7A370E4E" author="Koh, K. H." box="[692,825,259,285]" pageId="211" pageNumber="212" pagination="2023006" refId="ref318937" refString="Koh, K. H. (2023) Biodiversity Record: Malayan water monitor preying on Gerard's water snake. Nature in Singapore, 16, e 2023006." type="journal article" year="2023">Koh (2023)</bibRefCitation>
who detailed one being eaten by a juvenile
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FF49B8A5FABC465A785D0E12" authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="Laurenti" baseAuthorityYear="1768" class="Reptilia" family="Varanidae" genus="Varanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="211" pageNumber="212" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="salvator">
<emphasis id="328D4677FF49B8A5FABC465A785D0E12" italics="true" pageId="211" pageNumber="212">Varanus salvator</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
at SBWR on
<date id="7447BCA5FF49B8A5FE0D467E7BCE0E12" box="[497,704,295,321]" pageId="211" pageNumber="212" value="2022-11-06">6 November 2022</date>
. The individual in
<figureCitation id="98C286E0FF49B8A5FC6F467E7D1C0E12" box="[915,1042,295,321]" captionStart="FIGURE 24" captionStartId="368.[152,255,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[155,1433,181,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-34@368.[155,1433,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="368" captionText="FIGURE 24. A) Enhydris enhydris, B) Fordonia leucobalia, C) Gerarda prevostiana, D) Homalopsis buccata, E) Phytolopsis punctata, F) Raclitia indica, G) Psammodynastes pictus, and H) Asthenodipsas laevis. Photographs by: Joan Lee [A], Alex Figueroa [B–D], Holly Siow [E], Dennis Nathaniel Chan [F], Nick Baker [G], and Kelvin K.P. Lim [H]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7960367" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7960367/files/figure.png" pageId="211" pageNumber="212">Figure 24C</figureCitation>
was photographed at PRPM on
<date id="7447BCA5FF49B8A5FA7C467E78A20E36" pageId="211" pageNumber="212" value="2014-11-24">24 November 2014</date>
(A. Figueroa pers. obs.).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="00469A65FF49B8A5FF6B46377DAC0EDA" blockId="211.[151,1437,151,789]" box="[151,1186,366,393]" pageId="211" pageNumber="212">
<emphasis id="328D4677FF49B8A5FF6B463778240EDB" bold="true" box="[151,298,366,392]" pageId="211" pageNumber="212">Occurrence.</emphasis>
Restricted to mangroves of LCKNP, Loyang, PRPM, and SBWR. Uncommon.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="48E3C9EEFF49B8A5FF6B46CB7BBC0CAD" pageId="211" pageNumber="212" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="00469A65FF49B8A5FF6B46CB7B960EFE" blockId="211.[151,1437,151,789]" box="[151,664,402,429]" pageId="211" pageNumber="212">
<emphasis id="328D4677FF49B8A5FF6B46CB7B0A0EFE" bold="true" box="[151,516,402,429]" pageId="211" pageNumber="212">
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FF49B8A5FF6B46CB781E0EFF" box="[151,272,402,428]" name="Singapore" pageId="211" pageNumber="212">Singapore</collectingCountry>
conservation status.
</emphasis>
Endangered.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="00469A65FF49B8A5FF6B46EF7B090E82" blockId="211.[151,1437,151,789]" box="[151,519,438,465]" pageId="211" pageNumber="212">
<emphasis id="328D4677FF49B8A5FF6B46EF78AF0E83" bold="true" box="[151,417,438,464]" pageId="211" pageNumber="212">Conservation priority.</emphasis>
Highest.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="00469A65FF49B8A5FF6B46837BDB0EA6" blockId="211.[151,1437,151,789]" box="[151,725,474,501]" pageId="211" pageNumber="212">
<emphasis id="328D4677FF49B8A5FF6B468378DC0EA6" bold="true" box="[151,466,474,501]" pageId="211" pageNumber="212">IUCN conservation status.</emphasis>
Least Concern [2010].
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="00469A65FF49B8A5FF6B46A77DFD0DFA" blockId="211.[151,1437,151,789]" pageId="211" pageNumber="212">
<emphasis id="328D4677FF49B8A5FF6B46A77A430D4A" bold="true" box="[151,845,510,537]" pageId="211" pageNumber="212">
<collectionCode id="66E802A0FF49B8A5FF6B46A778160D4B" box="[151,280,510,536]" pageId="211" pageNumber="212">LKCNHM</collectionCode>
&amp;
<collectionCode id="66E802A0FF49B8A5FECA46A678AA0D4A" box="[310,420,511,537]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="211" pageNumber="212" type="Museum">NHMUK</collectionCode>
Museum specimens.Lim Chu Kang:
</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="B0919038FF49B8A5FCAC46A67D580D4A" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4120688848" box="[848,1110,511,537]" collectingDate="1981-07" collectionCode="ZRC" pageId="211" pageNumber="212" specimenCount="1">
<collectionCode id="66E802A0FF49B8A5FCAC46A67A860D4A" box="[848,904,511,537]" country="Singapore" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/16z4-1tbx" name="Zoological Reference Collection, National University of Singapore" pageId="211" pageNumber="212">ZRC</collectionCode>
.2.3292(
<date id="7447BCA5FF49B8A5FC1A46A67D400D4A" box="[998,1102,511,537]" pageId="211" pageNumber="212" value="1981-07">
<collectingDate id="6403454DFF49B8A5FC1A46A67D400D4A" box="[998,1102,511,537]" pageId="211" pageNumber="212" value="1981-07">Jul-1981</collectingDate>
</date>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<emphasis id="328D4677FF49B8A5FBA246A77C920D4A" bold="true" box="[1118,1436,510,537]" pageId="211" pageNumber="212">Lim Chu Kang Mangroves:</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="B0919038FF49B8A5FF0B457B7B210D6E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4120688009" box="[247,559,546,573]" collectingDate="1992-01-14" collectionCode="ZRC" pageId="211" pageNumber="212" specimenCount="1">
<collectionCode id="66E802A0FF49B8A5FF0B457B783E0D6E" box="[247,304,546,573]" country="Singapore" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/16z4-1tbx" name="Zoological Reference Collection, National University of Singapore" pageId="211" pageNumber="212">ZRC</collectionCode>
.2.3295 (
<date id="7447BCA5FF49B8A5FE6A457A7B290D6E" box="[406,551,547,573]" pageId="211" pageNumber="212" value="1992-01-14">
<collectingDate id="6403454DFF49B8A5FE6A457A7B290D6E" box="[406,551,547,573]" pageId="211" pageNumber="212" value="1992-01-14">14-Jan-1992</collectingDate>
</date>
)
</materialsCitation>
,
<materialsCitation id="B0919038FF49B8A5FDBC457B7A760D6E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4120689839" box="[576,888,546,573]" collectingDate="1996-01-20" collectionCode="ZRC" pageId="211" pageNumber="212" specimenCount="1">
<collectionCode id="66E802A0FF49B8A5FDBC457B7B760D6E" box="[576,632,546,573]" country="Singapore" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/16z4-1tbx" name="Zoological Reference Collection, National University of Singapore" pageId="211" pageNumber="212">ZRC</collectionCode>
.2.3459 (
<date id="7447BCA5FF49B8A5FD23457A7A7E0D6E" box="[735,880,547,573]" pageId="211" pageNumber="212" value="1996-01-20">
<collectingDate id="6403454DFF49B8A5FD23457A7A7E0D6E" box="[735,880,547,573]" pageId="211" pageNumber="212" value="1996-01-20">20-Jan-1996</collectingDate>
</date>
)
</materialsCitation>
,
<materialsCitation id="B0919038FF49B8A5FC75457A7DC80D6E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4120689703" box="[905,1222,547,573]" collectingDate="1996-02-16" collectionCode="ZRC" pageId="211" pageNumber="212" specimenCount="1">
<collectionCode id="66E802A0FF49B8A5FC75457A7ACF0D6E" box="[905,961,547,573]" country="Singapore" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/16z4-1tbx" name="Zoological Reference Collection, National University of Singapore" pageId="211" pageNumber="212">ZRC</collectionCode>
.2.3460 (
<date id="7447BCA5FF49B8A5FBD4457A7DB00D6E" box="[1064,1214,547,573]" pageId="211" pageNumber="212" value="1996-02-16">
<collectingDate id="6403454DFF49B8A5FBD4457A7DB00D6E" box="[1064,1214,547,573]" pageId="211" pageNumber="212" value="1996-02-16">16-Feb-1996</collectingDate>
</date>
)
</materialsCitation>
,
<materialsCitation id="B0919038FF49B8A5FB2B457B78780D32" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4120688470" collectingDate="2001-08-24" collectionCode="ZRC" pageId="211" pageNumber="212" specimenCount="1">
<collectionCode id="66E802A0FF49B8A5FB2B457B7C010D6E" box="[1239,1295,546,573]" country="Singapore" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/16z4-1tbx" name="Zoological Reference Collection, National University of Singapore" pageId="211" pageNumber="212">ZRC</collectionCode>
.2.5190 (
<date id="7447BCA5FF49B8A5FA8A457A78600D32" pageId="211" pageNumber="212" value="2001-08-24">
<collectingDate id="6403454DFF49B8A5FA8A457A78600D32" pageId="211" pageNumber="212" value="2001-08-24">24- Aug-2001</collectingDate>
</date>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<emphasis id="328D4677FF49B8A5FE7C451E7B7E0D32" bold="true" box="[384,624,583,609]" pageId="211" pageNumber="212">Loyang Mangroves:</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="B0919038FF49B8A5FD8A451F7ABF0D32" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4120688275" box="[630,945,582,609]" collectingDate="2002-12-20" collectionCode="ZRC" pageId="211" pageNumber="212" specimenCount="1">
<collectionCode id="66E802A0FF49B8A5FD8A451F7BA00D32" box="[630,686,582,609]" country="Singapore" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/16z4-1tbx" name="Zoological Reference Collection, National University of Singapore" pageId="211" pageNumber="212">ZRC</collectionCode>
.2.5617 (
<date id="7447BCA5FF49B8A5FCF3451E7AA70D32" box="[783,937,583,609]" pageId="211" pageNumber="212" value="2002-12-20">
<collectingDate id="6403454DFF49B8A5FCF3451E7AA70D32" box="[783,937,583,609]" pageId="211" pageNumber="212" value="2002-12-20">20-Dec-2002</collectingDate>
</date>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<emphasis id="328D4677FF49B8A5FC40451F7DF30D32" bold="true" box="[956,1277,582,609]" pageId="211" pageNumber="212">Pasir Ris Park Mangroves:</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="B0919038FF49B8A5FAF8451F7B3A0DD6" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4120687751" collectingDate="1999-07-14" collectionCode="ZRC" pageId="211" pageNumber="212" specimenCount="1">
<collectionCode id="66E802A0FF49B8A5FAF8451F7C320D32" box="[1284,1340,582,609]" country="Singapore" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/16z4-1tbx" name="Zoological Reference Collection, National University of Singapore" pageId="211" pageNumber="212">ZRC</collectionCode>
.2.4598–
<collectionCode id="66E802A0FF49B8A5FF0B453378210DD6" box="[247,303,618,645]" country="Singapore" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/16z4-1tbx" name="Zoological Reference Collection, National University of Singapore" pageId="211" pageNumber="212">ZRC</collectionCode>
.2.4599 (
<date id="7447BCA5FF49B8A5FE6345327B250DD6" box="[415,555,619,645]" pageId="211" pageNumber="212" value="1999-07-14">
<collectingDate id="6403454DFF49B8A5FE6345327B250DD6" box="[415,555,619,645]" pageId="211" pageNumber="212" value="1999-07-14">14-Jul-1999</collectingDate>
</date>
)
</materialsCitation>
,
<materialsCitation id="B0919038FF49B8A5FDB245327D3E0DD6" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4120687804" box="[590,1072,619,645]" collectingDate="2000-12-27" collectionCode="ZRC" pageId="211" pageNumber="212" specimenCount="1">
<collectionCode id="66E802A0FF49B8A5FDB245327B880DD6" box="[590,646,619,645]" country="Singapore" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/16z4-1tbx" name="Zoological Reference Collection, National University of Singapore" pageId="211" pageNumber="212">ZRC</collectionCode>
.2.4848–
<collectionCode id="66E802A0FF49B8A5FD1B45327A110DD6" box="[743,799,619,645]" country="Singapore" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/16z4-1tbx" name="Zoological Reference Collection, National University of Singapore" pageId="211" pageNumber="212">ZRC</collectionCode>
.2.4849 (
<date id="7447BCA5FF49B8A5FC7245327D260DD6" box="[910,1064,619,645]" pageId="211" pageNumber="212" value="2000-12-27">
<collectingDate id="6403454DFF49B8A5FC7245327D260DD6" box="[910,1064,619,645]" pageId="211" pageNumber="212" value="2000-12-27">27-Dec-2000</collectingDate>
</date>
)
</materialsCitation>
,
<materialsCitation id="B0919038FF49B8A5FBB645337C960DD6" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4120687391" box="[1098,1432,618,645]" collectingDate="2011-05-21" collectionCode="ZRC" pageId="211" pageNumber="212" specimenCount="1">
<collectionCode id="66E802A0FF49B8A5FBB645337D8D0DD6" box="[1098,1155,618,645]" country="Singapore" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/16z4-1tbx" name="Zoological Reference Collection, National University of Singapore" pageId="211" pageNumber="212">ZRC</collectionCode>
.2.7095 (
<date id="7447BCA5FF49B8A5FB0E45327C9E0DD6" box="[1266,1424,619,645]" pageId="211" pageNumber="212" value="2011-05-21">
<collectingDate id="6403454DFF49B8A5FB0E45327C9E0DD6" box="[1266,1424,619,645]" pageId="211" pageNumber="212" value="2011-05-21">21-May-2011</collectingDate>
</date>
)
</materialsCitation>
,
<materialsCitation id="B0919038FF49B8A5FF0B45D67B280DFA" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4120688721" box="[247,550,655,681]" collectingDate="2012-07-21" collectionCode="ZRC" pageId="211" pageNumber="212" specimenCount="1">
<collectionCode id="66E802A0FF49B8A5FF0B45D678210DFA" box="[247,303,655,681]" country="Singapore" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/16z4-1tbx" name="Zoological Reference Collection, National University of Singapore" pageId="211" pageNumber="212">ZRC</collectionCode>
.2.7096 (
<date id="7447BCA5FF49B8A5FE6D45D67B100DFA" box="[401,542,655,681]" pageId="211" pageNumber="212" value="2012-07-21">
<collectingDate id="6403454DFF49B8A5FE6D45D67B100DFA" box="[401,542,655,681]" pageId="211" pageNumber="212" value="2012-07-21">21-Jul-2012</collectingDate>
</date>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<emphasis id="328D4677FF49B8A5FDCD45D77AA20DFA" bold="true" box="[561,940,654,681]" pageId="211" pageNumber="212">
<materialsCitation id="B0919038FF49B8A5FDCD45D77AA90DFA" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4120687755" box="[561,935,654,681]" location="Sungei Buloh Wetland Reserve" pageId="211" pageNumber="212" specimenCount="1">
<location id="0526CCBEFF49B8A5FDCD45D77AA90DFA" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:88502B73FF48B8A5FF6B437B7BBC0CAD:0526CCBEFF49B8A5FDCD45D77AA90DFA" box="[561,935,654,681]" name="Sungei Buloh Wetland Reserve" pageId="211" pageNumber="212">Sungei Buloh Wetland Reserve</location>
</materialsCitation>
:
</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="B0919038FF49B8A5FC4F45D77DE10DFA" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4120688174" box="[947,1263,654,681]" collectingDate="2001-03-02" collectionCode="ZRC" pageId="211" pageNumber="212" specimenCount="1">
<collectionCode id="66E802A0FF49B8A5FC4F45D77AE50DFA" box="[947,1003,654,681]" country="Singapore" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/16z4-1tbx" name="Zoological Reference Collection, National University of Singapore" pageId="211" pageNumber="212">ZRC</collectionCode>
.2.5046 (
<date id="7447BCA5FF49B8A5FBB045D67DE90DFA" box="[1100,1255,655,681]" pageId="211" pageNumber="212" value="2001-03-02">
<collectingDate id="6403454DFF49B8A5FBB045D67DE90DFA" box="[1100,1255,655,681]" pageId="211" pageNumber="212" value="2001-03-02">02-Mar-2001</collectingDate>
</date>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="00469A65FF49B8A5FF6B45EB7A390D9E" blockId="211.[151,1437,151,789]" box="[151,823,690,717]" pageId="211" pageNumber="212">
<emphasis id="328D4677FF49B8A5FF6B45EB7B840D9F" bold="true" box="[151,650,690,717]" pageId="211" pageNumber="212">
Additional
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FF49B8A5FEE245EB78990D9F" box="[286,407,690,716]" name="Singapore" pageId="211" pageNumber="212">Singapore</collectingCountry>
museum specimens.
</emphasis>
No specimens.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="00469A65FF49B8A5FF6B458F7A3F0C46" blockId="211.[151,1437,151,789]" pageId="211" pageNumber="212">
<emphasis id="328D4677FF49B8A5FF6B458F78870DA3" bold="true" box="[151,393,726,752]" pageId="211" pageNumber="212">
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FF49B8A5FF6B458F781E0DA3" box="[151,272,726,752]" name="Singapore" pageId="211" pageNumber="212">Singapore</collectingCountry>
localities.
</emphasis>
Lim Chu Kang Nature Park—Lim Chu Kang Mangroves—Loyang Mangroves—Pasir Ris Park Mangroves—Sungei Buloh Wetland Reserve.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="00469A65FF49B8A5FE2544217D540CC1" blockId="211.[473,1114,887,914]" box="[473,1114,887,914]" pageId="211" pageNumber="212">
<emphasis id="328D4677FF49B8A5FE2544217D540CC1" bold="true" box="[473,1114,887,914]" pageId="211" pageNumber="212">
Genus
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FF49B8A5FDCD442E7ADD0CC1" authority="Kuhl &amp; Hasselt, 1822" authorityName="Kuhl &amp; van Hasselt" authorityYear="1822" box="[561,979,887,914]" class="Reptilia" family="Homalopsidae" genus="Homalopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="211" pageNumber="212" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="328D4677FF49B8A5FDCD442E7BCE0CC1" bold="true" box="[561,704,887,914]" italics="true" pageId="211" pageNumber="212">Homalopsis</emphasis>
Kuhl &amp; Hasselt, 1822
</taxonomicName>
(1 species)
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="00469A65FF49B8A5FF6B44997BBC0CAD" blockId="211.[151,1436,960,1023]" pageId="211" pageNumber="212">
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FF49B8A5FF6B44997B480C89" authority="Kuhl &amp; Hasselt, 1822: 101" authorityName="Kuhl &amp; van Hasselt" authorityPageNumber="101" authorityYear="1822" box="[151,582,960,986]" class="Reptilia" family="Homalopsidae" genus="Homalopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="211" pageNumber="212" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="328D4677FF49B8A5FF6B449978130C89" box="[151,285,960,986]" italics="true" pageId="211" pageNumber="212">Homalopsis</emphasis>
Kuhl &amp; Hasselt, 1822: 101
</taxonomicName>
(
<typeStatus id="DF4224C7FF49B8A5FDAF44997B8B0C89" box="[595,645,960,986]" pageId="211" pageNumber="212">type</typeStatus>
species:
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FF49B8A5FD1B44997D4D0C89" authority="Daudin, 1803" authorityName="Daudin" authorityYear="1803" box="[743,1091,960,986]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Coluber" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="211" pageNumber="212" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="horridus">
<emphasis id="328D4677FF49B8A5FD1B44997AA90C89" box="[743,935,960,986]" italics="true" pageId="211" pageNumber="212">Coluber horridus</emphasis>
Daudin, 1803
</taxonomicName>
[=
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FF49B8A5FB9A4499783A0CAC" authority="Linnaeus, 1758" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Coluber" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="211" pageNumber="212" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="buccatus">
<emphasis id="328D4677FF49B8A5FB9A44997C240C89" box="[1126,1322,960,986]" italics="true" pageId="211" pageNumber="212">Coluber buccatus</emphasis>
Linnaeus, 1758
</taxonomicName>
], by monotypy; gender feminine).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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