282 lines
29 KiB
XML
282 lines
29 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="DE30968D7DABB38611A9583EB689268C">Singapore’s herpetofauna: updated and annotated checklist, history, conservation, and distribution</mods:title>
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<treatment id="88502B73FE97B97BFF6B478F7D630A58" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7968278" ID-GBIF-Taxon="209661784" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7968278" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:88502B73FE97B97BFF6B478F7D630A58" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/88502B73FE97B97BFF6B478F7D630A58" lastPageNumber="270" pageId="269" pageNumber="270">
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<subSubSection id="48E3C9EEFE97B97BFF6B478F78620E47" pageId="269" pageNumber="270" type="nomenclature">
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<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FE97B97BFF6B478F78F70FA2" ID-CoL="4Q9PH" authority="(Linnaeus, 1758)" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[151,505,214,241]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Ptyas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="269" pageNumber="270" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mucosa">
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<emphasis id="328D4677FE97B97BFF6B478F783B0FA3" bold="true" box="[151,309,214,240]" italics="true" pageId="269" pageNumber="270">Ptyas mucosa</emphasis>
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(Linnaeus, 1758)
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</taxonomicName>
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—
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<emphasis id="328D4677FE97B97BFDEB478F7B920FA3" bold="true" box="[535,668,214,240]" pageId="269" pageNumber="270">Erroneous.</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="00469A65FE97B97BFF6B47A378620E47" blockId="269.[151,1437,214,1104]" box="[151,364,250,276]" pageId="269" pageNumber="270">
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<collectingRegion id="C23D5487FE97B97BFF6B47A379FD0E47" box="[151,243,250,276]" country="Saudi Arabia" name="Ash Sharqiyah" pageId="269" pageNumber="270">Oriental</collectingRegion>
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Rat Snake
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="48E3C9EEFE97B97BFF6B464478760E6B" box="[151,376,285,312]" pageId="269" pageNumber="270" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="00469A65FE97B97BFF6B464478760E6B" blockId="269.[151,1437,214,1104]" box="[151,376,285,312]" pageId="269" pageNumber="270">
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<emphasis id="328D4677FE97B97BFF6B464478760E6B" bold="true" box="[151,376,285,312]" pageId="269" pageNumber="270">
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<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FE97B97BFF6B4644781E0E64" box="[151,272,285,311]" name="Singapore" pageId="269" pageNumber="270">Singapore</collectingCountry>
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records.
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="48E3C9EEFE97B97BFF0B461A7B460D0B" pageId="269" pageNumber="270" type="reference_group">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="20E9BD4BFE97B97BFF0B461A78740ED3" pageId="269" pageNumber="270">
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<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FE97B97BFF0B461A78CF0E0F" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1890" box="[247,449,323,348]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Zamenis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="269" pageNumber="270" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mucosus">
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<emphasis id="328D4677FE97B97BFF0B461A78CF0E0F" box="[247,449,323,348]" italics="true" pageId="269" pageNumber="270">Zamenis mucosus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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—
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<treatmentCitation id="8158BC74FE97B97BFE23461B7BD60E0F" author="Boulenger, G. A." box="[479,728,322,348]" page="386" pageId="269" pageNumber="270" year="1893">
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<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FE97B97BFE23461B7BD60E0F" author="Boulenger, G. A." box="[479,728,322,348]" pageId="269" pageNumber="270" refId="ref292389" refString="Boulenger, G. A. (1893) Catalogue of the Snakes in the British Museum (Natural History). Vol. I. Containing the families Typhlopidae, Glauconiidae, Boidae, Ilysiidae, Uropeltidae, Xenopeltidae, and Colubridae Aglyphae, part. Taylor and Francis, London, xiii + 448 pp., 28 pls." type="book" year="1893">Boulenger, 1893: 386</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.—
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||
<treatmentCitation id="8158BC74FE97B97BFD06461B7ADC0E0F" author="Flower, S. S." box="[762,978,322,348]" page="882" pageId="269" pageNumber="270" year="1896">
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<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FE97B97BFD06461B7ADC0E0F" author="Flower, S. S." box="[762,978,322,348]" pageId="269" pageNumber="270" pagination="856 - 914" refId="ref305802" refString="Flower, S. S. (1896) Notes on a collection of reptiles and batrachians made in the Malay Peninsula in 1895 - 96; with a list of the species recorded from that region. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1896 (4), 856 - 914, pls. 44 - 46." type="journal article" year="1896">Flower, 1896: 882</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.—Ridley, 1899: 208.—
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||
<treatmentCitation id="8158BC74FE97B97BFB1A461B78780ED3" author="de Rooij, N." page="98" pageId="269" pageNumber="270" year="1917">
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<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FE97B97BFB1A461B78780ED3" author="de Rooij, N." pageId="269" pageNumber="270" refId="ref303264" refString="de Rooij, N. (1917) The Reptiles of the Indo-Australian Archipelago. II. Ophidia. E. J. Brill, Leiden, xiv + 334 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 10610" type="book" year="1917">de Rooij, 1917: 98</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="00469A65FE97B97BFF0B46D27A9C0D43" blockId="269.[151,1437,214,1104]" pageId="269" pageNumber="270">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="20E9BD4BFE97B97BFF0B46D27A9C0D43" pageId="269" pageNumber="270">
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<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FE97B97BFF0B46D278AF0EF7" authorityName="Cope" authorityYear="1861" box="[247,417,395,420]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Ptyas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="269" pageNumber="270" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mucosus">
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||
<emphasis id="328D4677FE97B97BFF0B46D278AF0EF7" box="[247,417,395,420]" italics="true" pageId="269" pageNumber="270">Ptyas mucosus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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—
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||
<treatmentCitation id="8158BC74FE97B97BFE4346D37B9A0EF7" author="Davison, W." box="[447,660,394,420]" page="89" pageId="269" pageNumber="270" year="1892">
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<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FE97B97BFE4346D37B9A0EF7" author="Davison, W." box="[447,660,394,420]" pageId="269" pageNumber="270" pagination="87 - 93" refId="ref302240" refString="Davison, W. (1892) The snakes of Singapore. Singapore and Straits Directory, 1892, 87 - 93." type="journal article" year="1892">Davison, 1892: 89</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.—Sworder, 1923: 63.—
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||
<treatmentCitation id="8158BC74FE97B97BFC4E46D37D940EF6" author="de Haas, C. P. J." box="[946,1178,394,421]" page="547" pageId="269" pageNumber="270" year="1950">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FE97B97BFC4E46D37D940EF6" author="de Haas, C. P. J." box="[946,1178,394,421]" pageId="269" pageNumber="270" pagination="511 - 625" refId="ref302520" refString="de Haas, C. P. J. (1950) Checklist of the snakes of the Indo-Australian Archipelago (Reptiles, Ophidia). Treubia, 20 (3), 511 - 625." type="journal article" year="1950">de Haas, 1950: 547</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
.—F.L.K. Lim & Lee, 1989: 44, 115.—K.K.P. Lim & L.M. Chou, 1990: 54.—K.K.P. Lim & F.L.K.
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="8158BC74FE97B97BFB3546F77C770E9A" author="Lim, K. K. P. & Lim, F. L. K." box="[1225,1401,430,457]" page="145" pageId="269" pageNumber="270" year="1992">
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<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FE97B97BFB3546F77C770E9A" author="Lim, K. K. P. & Lim, F. L. K." box="[1225,1401,430,457]" pageId="269" pageNumber="270" refId="ref326515" refString="Lim, K. K. P. & Lim, F. L. K. (1992) A Guide to the Amphibians and Reptiles of Singapore. Singapore Science Centre, Singapore, 160 pp." type="book" year="1992">Lim, 1992: 145</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
.— L.M.
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||
<treatmentCitation id="8158BC74FE97B97BFE6B468B7B9E0EBE" author="Chou L. M. & Ng, P. K. L. & Lim, K. K. P." box="[407,656,466,493]" page="105" pageId="269" pageNumber="270" year="1994">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FE97B97BFE6B468B7B9E0EBE" author="Chou L. M. & Ng, P. K. L. & Lim, K. K. P." box="[407,656,466,493]" pageId="269" pageNumber="270" pagination="70 - 106" refId="ref297613" refString="Chou L. M., Ng, P. K. L. & Lim, K. K. P. (1994) Animalia. In: Wee, Y. C. & Ng, P. K. L. (Eds.), A First Look at Biodiversity in Singapore. National Council on the Environment, Singapore, pp. 70 - 106." type="book chapter" year="1994">
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||
Chou
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||
<emphasis id="328D4677FE97B97BFE27468A7B1D0EBF" box="[475,531,466,492]" italics="true" pageId="269" pageNumber="270">et al.</emphasis>
|
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, 1994: 105
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.—
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="8158BC74FE97B97BFD4D468B7D300EBF" author="Manthey, U. & Grossmann, W." box="[689,1086,466,493]" page="386" pageId="269" pageNumber="270" year="1997">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FE97B97BFD4D468B7D300EBF" author="Manthey, U. & Grossmann, W." box="[689,1086,466,493]" pageId="269" pageNumber="270" refId="ref329083" refString="Manthey, U. & Grossmann, W. (1997) Amphibien und Reptilian Sudostasien. Natur und Tier, M ¸ nster, 512 pp." type="book" year="1997">Manthey & Grossmann, 1997: 386</bibRefCitation>
|
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</treatmentCitation>
|
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.—N. Baker & K.P. Lim, 2008: 169.—
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="8158BC74FE97B97BFE5846AF7B410D43" author="Das, I." box="[420,591,502,528]" page="299" pageId="269" pageNumber="270" year="2010">
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<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FE97B97BFE5846AF7B410D43" author="Das, I." box="[420,591,502,528]" pageId="269" pageNumber="270" refId="ref300845" refString="Das, I. (2010) A Field Guide to the Reptiles of Thailand and South-East Asia. New Holland, London, 376 pp." type="book" year="2010">Das, 2010: 299</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.—Wallach
|
||
<emphasis id="328D4677FE97B97BFD2846AE7A020D43" box="[724,780,502,528]" italics="true" pageId="269" pageNumber="270">et al.</emphasis>
|
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, 2014: 617.
|
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
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</paragraph>
|
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<paragraph id="00469A65FE97B97BFF0B45427B460D0B" blockId="269.[151,1437,214,1104]" pageId="269" pageNumber="270">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="20E9BD4BFE97B97BFF0B45427B460D0B" pageId="269" pageNumber="270">
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<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FE97B97BFF0B4542789A0D67" ID-CoL="4Q9PH" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[247,404,539,564]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Ptyas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="269" pageNumber="270" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mucosa">
|
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<emphasis id="328D4677FE97B97BFF0B4542789A0D67" box="[247,404,539,564]" italics="true" pageId="269" pageNumber="270">Ptyas mucosa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
|
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—
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="8158BC74FE97B97BFE4D45437B6D0D67" author="Auliya, M." box="[433,611,538,564]" page="6" pageId="269" pageNumber="270" year="2010">
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<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FE97B97BFE4D45437B6D0D67" author="Auliya, M." box="[433,611,538,564]" pageId="269" pageNumber="270" refId="ref289160" refString="Auliya, M. (2010) Conservation Status and Impact of Trade on the Oriental Rat Snake Ptyas mucosa in Java, Indonesia. TRAFFIC Southeast Asia, Petaling Jaya, 48 pp." type="book" year="2010">Auliya, 2010: 6</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
|
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.—N. Baker & K.P. Lim, 2012: 169.—
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="8158BC74FE97B97BFBDC45437DC30D67" author="Das, I." box="[1056,1229,538,564]" page="64" pageId="269" pageNumber="270" year="2012">
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<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FE97B97BFBDC45437DC30D67" author="Das, I." box="[1056,1229,538,564]" pageId="269" pageNumber="270" refId="ref300872" refString="Das, I. (2012 a) A Naturalist's Guide to the Snakes of South-East Asia. John Beaufoy Publishing, Oxford, 160 pp." type="book" year="2012">Das, 2012a: 64</bibRefCitation>
|
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</treatmentCitation>
|
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.—
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="8158BC74FE97B97BFB134543788E0D0B" author="de Lang, R." page="191" pageId="269" pageNumber="270" year="2017">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FE97B97BFB134543788E0D0B" author="de Lang, R." pageId="269" pageNumber="270" refId="ref302593" refString="de Lang, R. (2017) The Snakes of Java, Bali and Surrounding Islands. Edition Chimaira, Frankfurt am Main, 435 pp." type="book" year="2017">de Lang, 2017: 191</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.—
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="8158BC74FE97B97BFE5F45677B4A0D0B" author="Das, I." box="[419,580,574,600]" page="76" pageId="269" pageNumber="270" year="2018">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FE97B97BFE5F45677B4A0D0B" author="Das, I." box="[419,580,574,600]" pageId="269" pageNumber="270" refId="ref300966" refString="Das, I. (2018) A Naturalist's Guide to the Snakes of Southeast Asia. 2 nd Edition. John Beaufoy Publishing, Oxford, 176 pp." type="book" year="2018">Das, 2018: 76</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="48E3C9EEFE97B97BFF6B453B7C150B7F" pageId="269" pageNumber="270" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="00469A65FE97B97BFF6B453B7B810B5B" blockId="269.[151,1437,214,1104]" pageId="269" pageNumber="270">
|
||
<emphasis id="328D4677FE97B97BFF6B453B78050D2F" bold="true" box="[151,267,610,636]" pageId="269" pageNumber="270">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FE97B97BFEEF453B78D70D2F" author="Boulenger, G. A." box="[275,473,610,636]" pageId="269" pageNumber="270" refId="ref292389" refString="Boulenger, G. A. (1893) Catalogue of the Snakes in the British Museum (Natural History). Vol. I. Containing the families Typhlopidae, Glauconiidae, Boidae, Ilysiidae, Uropeltidae, Xenopeltidae, and Colubridae Aglyphae, part. Taylor and Francis, London, xiii + 448 pp., 28 pls." type="book" year="1893">Boulenger (1893)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
examined a specimen collected in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FE97B97BFC99453B7AD90D2F" box="[869,983,610,636]" name="Singapore" pageId="269" pageNumber="270">Singapore</collectingCountry>
|
||
by Dennys. However, at an earlier date,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FE97B97BFF0B45DF78A10DF3" author="Blanford, W. T." box="[247,431,646,672]" pageId="269" pageNumber="270" pagination="215 - 226" refId="ref291608" refString="Blanford, W. T. (1881) On a collection of reptiles and frogs chiefly from Singapore. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1881 (1), 215 - 226, pls. 20 - 21. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 101596" type="journal article" year="1881">Blanford (1881)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
confirmed that the specimen was collected in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FE97B97BFC3145DF7D590DF3" box="[973,1111,646,672]" name="Hong Kong" pageId="269" pageNumber="270">Hong Kong</collectingCountry>
|
||
. For some unknown reason,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FE97B97BFF0B45F378B50D97" author="Boulenger, G. A." box="[247,443,682,708]" pageId="269" pageNumber="270" refId="ref292389" refString="Boulenger, G. A. (1893) Catalogue of the Snakes in the British Museum (Natural History). Vol. I. Containing the families Typhlopidae, Glauconiidae, Boidae, Ilysiidae, Uropeltidae, Xenopeltidae, and Colubridae Aglyphae, part. Taylor and Francis, London, xiii + 448 pp., 28 pls." type="book" year="1893">Boulenger (1893)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
changed the locality, but since the species is known not to occur in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FE97B97BFB6945F37C070D97" box="[1173,1289,682,708]" name="Singapore" pageId="269" pageNumber="270">Singapore</collectingCountry>
|
||
, we side with
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FE97B97BFF0B459778A10DBB" author="Blanford, W. T." box="[247,431,718,744]" pageId="269" pageNumber="270" pagination="215 - 226" refId="ref291608" refString="Blanford, W. T. (1881) On a collection of reptiles and frogs chiefly from Singapore. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1881 (1), 215 - 226, pls. 20 - 21. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 101596" type="journal article" year="1881">Blanford (1881)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Tweedie (1953) removed it from the list for Peninsular
|
||
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FE97B97BFBE745977D8C0DBB" box="[1051,1154,718,744]" name="Malaysia" pageId="269" pageNumber="270">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FE97B97BFB4A45977C250DBB" box="[1206,1323,718,744]" name="Singapore" pageId="269" pageNumber="270">Singapore</collectingCountry>
|
||
; however,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FE97B97BFF0B45AA78660C5F" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[247,360,755,780]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Ptyas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="269" pageNumber="270" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mucosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="328D4677FE97B97BFF0B45AA78660C5F" box="[247,360,755,780]" italics="true" pageId="269" pageNumber="270">P. mucosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was still included in subsequent checklists, although some listed it as doubtful (e.g.,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FE97B97BFAF345AB783C0C63" author="Lim, K. K. P. & Chou, L. M." pageId="269" pageNumber="270" pagination="49 - 59" refId="ref326283" refString="Lim, K. K. P. & Chou, L. M. (1990) The herpetofauna of Singapore. In: Chou, L. M. & Ng, P. K. L. (Eds.), Essays in Zoology: Papers commemorating the 40 th Anniversary of the Department of Zoology, National University of Singapore. National University of Singapore, Singapore, pp. 49 - 59." type="book chapter" year="1990">Lim & Chou 1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FE97B97BFEC3444F7B150C63" author="Baker, N. & Lim, K. P." box="[319,539,790,816]" pageId="269" pageNumber="270" refId="ref289917" refString="Baker, N. & Lim, K. P. (2012) Wild Animals of Singapore: A Photographic Guide to Mammals, Reptiles, Amphibians and Freshwater Fishes. Updated Edition. Draco Publishing and Distribution Pte Ltd and Nature Society, Singapore, 180 pp." type="book" year="2012">Baker & Lim 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Three specimens at ANSP, CAS, and SMNS have not been referenced before. Specimen ANSP-15627 was probably sent to the Philadelphia Zoo, where Brown worked, or the specimen was sent to Philadelphia Zoo from elsewhere but transited through
|
||
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FE97B97BFBF644077D710C2B" box="[1034,1151,862,888]" name="Singapore" pageId="269" pageNumber="270">Singapore</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Specimen CAS 8557 is dated 1907 and SMNS 6015 is from 1981. The distribution of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FE97B97BFC3144DA7D4E0CCF" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[973,1088,899,924]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Ptyas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="269" pageNumber="270" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mucosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="328D4677FE97B97BFC3144DA7D4E0CCF" box="[973,1088,899,924]" italics="true" pageId="269" pageNumber="270">P. mucosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
covers an expansive distance, which includes
|
||
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FE97B97BFE5944FF7B4D0C93" box="[421,579,934,960]" name="Turkmenistan" pageId="269" pageNumber="270">Turkmenistan</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FE97B97BFDB144FF7B730C93" box="[589,637,934,960]" name="Iran" pageId="269" pageNumber="270">Iran</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FE97B97BFD7A44FF7A1C0C93" box="[646,786,934,960]" name="Afghanistan" pageId="269" pageNumber="270">Afghanistan</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FE97B97BFCE044FF7A700C93" box="[796,894,934,960]" name="Pakistan" pageId="269" pageNumber="270">Pakistan</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FE97B97BFC7444FF7ACA0C93" box="[904,964,934,960]" name="India" pageId="269" pageNumber="270">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FE97B97BFC3344FF7D310C93" box="[975,1087,934,960]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="269" pageNumber="270">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FE97B97BFBB544FF7D810C93" box="[1097,1167,934,960]" name="Nepal" pageId="269" pageNumber="270">Nepal</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FE97B97BFB6644FF7C2E0C93" box="[1178,1312,934,960]" name="Bangladesh" pageId="269" pageNumber="270">Bangladesh</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FE97B97BFAD544FF7C960C93" box="[1321,1432,934,960]" name="Myanmar" pageId="269" pageNumber="270">Myanmar</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FE97B97BFF0B449378530CB7" box="[247,349,970,996]" name="Thailand" pageId="269" pageNumber="270">Thailand</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FE97B97BFE95449378A10CB7" box="[361,431,970,996]" name="China" pageId="269" pageNumber="270">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FE97B97BFE4644937B4F0CB7" box="[442,577,970,996]" name="Hong Kong" pageId="269" pageNumber="270">Hong Kong</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FE97B97BFDB044937BAF0CB7" box="[588,673,970,996]" name="Taiwan" pageId="269" pageNumber="270">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FE97B97BFD5044937BEB0CB7" box="[684,741,970,996]" name="Laos" pageId="269" pageNumber="270">Laos</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FE97B97BFD0D44937A5D0CB7" box="[753,851,970,996]" name="Vietnam" pageId="269" pageNumber="270">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FE97B97BFCA244937ADA0CB7" box="[862,980,970,996]" name="Cambodia" pageId="269" pageNumber="270">Cambodia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, northern Peninsular
|
||
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FE97B97BFB3F44937C220CB7" box="[1219,1324,970,996]" name="Malaysia" pageId="269" pageNumber="270">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Sumatra, Java, and Bali (Wallach
|
||
<emphasis id="328D4677FE97B97BFDFB44B67B4E0B5B" box="[519,576,1006,1032]" italics="true" pageId="269" pageNumber="270">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2014).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="00469A65FE97B97BFF6B43487C150B7F" blockId="269.[151,1437,214,1104]" box="[151,1307,1041,1068]" pageId="269" pageNumber="270">
|
||
<emphasis id="328D4677FE97B97BFF6B43487ACF0B78" bold="true" box="[151,961,1041,1068]" pageId="269" pageNumber="270">
|
||
LKCNHM & NHMUK Museum specimens.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FE97B97BFD5643487A2D0B78" box="[682,803,1041,1067]" name="Singapore" pageId="269" pageNumber="270">Singapore</collectingCountry>
|
||
(no locality):
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
BMNH 1880.9.10.1 (no date).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="48E3C9EEFE97B97BFF6B436C7D630A58" pageId="269" pageNumber="270" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="00469A65FE97B97BFF6B436C7D970B03" blockId="269.[151,1437,214,1104]" box="[151,1177,1077,1104]" pageId="269" pageNumber="270">
|
||
<emphasis id="328D4677FE97B97BFF6B436C7AA60B1C" bold="true" box="[151,936,1077,1104]" pageId="269" pageNumber="270">
|
||
Additional
|
||
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FE97B97BFEE2436C78990B1C" box="[286,407,1077,1103]" name="Singapore" pageId="269" pageNumber="270">Singapore</collectingCountry>
|
||
museum specimens.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FE97B97BFD6D436C7A040B1C" box="[657,778,1077,1103]" name="Singapore" pageId="269" pageNumber="270">Singapore</collectingCountry>
|
||
(no locality):
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<collectionCode id="66E802A0FE97B97BFC52436F7AF80B03" box="[942,1014,1078,1104]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34784" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34784" name="Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia" pageId="269" pageNumber="270">ANSP</collectionCode>
|
||
, CAS, SMNS.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="00469A65FE97B97BFE1A43EA7D400B9E" blockId="269.[486,1102,1203,1229]" box="[486,1102,1203,1229]" pageId="269" pageNumber="270">
|
||
<emphasis id="328D4677FE97B97BFE1A43EA7D400B9E" bold="true" box="[486,1102,1203,1229]" pageId="269" pageNumber="270">
|
||
Subfamily
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FE97B97BFD9243EA7AC90B9E" authority="Bonaparte, 1838" authorityName="Bonaparte" authorityYear="1838" box="[622,967,1203,1229]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Natricinae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="269" pageNumber="270" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Natricinae Bonaparte, 1838</taxonomicName>
|
||
(4 species)
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="00469A65FE97B97BFE3B43A87D630A58" blockId="269.[455,1133,1265,1292]" box="[455,1133,1265,1292]" pageId="269" pageNumber="270">
|
||
<emphasis id="328D4677FE97B97BFE3B43A87D630A58" bold="true" box="[455,1133,1265,1292]" pageId="269" pageNumber="270">
|
||
Genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FE97B97BFDE243A87AE80A5F" authority="Dumeril & Bibron, 1854" authorityName="Dumeril & Bibron" authorityYear="1854" box="[542,998,1265,1292]" class="Reptilia" family="Natricidae" genus="Amphiesma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="269" pageNumber="270" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="328D4677FE97B97BFDE243A87BA30A5F" bold="true" box="[542,685,1265,1292]" italics="true" pageId="269" pageNumber="270">Amphiesma</emphasis>
|
||
Duméril & Bibron, 1854
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(1 species)
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |