treatments-xml/data/A8/C8/87/A8C88702988454E3B7F278BEECF5CEC4.xml

<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.222.87779" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-222-75" ID-Pensoft-UUID="348E6053A6D55787993694B23682FDE9" ModsDocID="1314-2003-222-75" checkinTime="1679617121532" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Maas, Paul J. M., Maas-van de Kamer, Hiltje, Andre, Thiago, Skinner, David, Valderrama, Eugenio &amp; Specht, Chelsea D." docDate="2023" docId="A8C88702988454E3B7F278BEECF5CEC4" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 222: 75-127" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 222" docPubDate="2023-03-22" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.222.87779" docTitle="Costus whiskeycola Maas &amp; H. Maas 2023, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="1" id="348E6053A6D55787993694B23682FDE9" lastPageNumber="75" masterDocId="348E6053A6D55787993694B23682FDE9" masterDocTitle="Eighteen new species of Neotropical Costaceae (Zingiberales)" masterLastPageNumber="127" masterPageNumber="75" pageNumber="75" updateTime="1679617121532" updateUser="pensoft">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Eighteen new species of Neotropical Costaceae (Zingiberales)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Maas, Paul J. M.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Naturalis Biodiversity Centre, Botany, P. O. Box 9517, 2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Maas-van de Kamer, Hiltje</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Naturalis Biodiversity Centre, Botany, P. O. Box 9517, 2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Andre, Thiago</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4148-3662</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Universidade de Brasilia, Departamento de Botanica, Campus Universitario Darcy Ribeiro, Asa Norte, Brasilia (DF), Brazil</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Skinner, David</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4585-925X</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Le Jardin Ombrage, Tallahassee, (Private botanical garden, Botanic Gardens Conservation International - BGCI - registration ID 50148), Florida, USA</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Valderrama, Eugenio</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Cornell University, Section of Plant Biology and the L. H. Bailey Hortorium, School of Integrative Plant Science, Ithaca, NY, USA</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Specht, Chelsea D.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7746-512X</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Cornell University, Section of Plant Biology and the L. H. Bailey Hortorium, School of Integrative Plant Science, Ithaca, NY, USA</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">cdspecht@cornell.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2023</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2023-03-22</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>222</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>75</mods:start>
<mods:end>127</mods:end>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.222.87779</mods:url>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.222.87779</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-222-75</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">348E6053A6D55787993694B23682FDE9</mods:identifier>
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<subSection pageId="0" pageNumber="75" type="taxonomy">
<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A8C88702988454E3B7F278BEECF5CEC4" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/A8C88702988454E3B7F278BEECF5CEC4" lastPageNumber="75" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="75" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="75">
<taxonomicName LSID="A8C88702-9884-54E3-B7F2-78BEECF5CEC4" authority="Maas &amp; H. Maas" authorityName="Maas &amp; H. Maas" authorityYear="2023" class="Liliopsida" family="Costaceae" genus="Costus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Costus whiskeycola" order="Zingiberales" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="whiskeycola" status="sp. nov.">Costus whiskeycola Maas &amp; H.Maas</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="75">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="75" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="75">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="75">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Maas &amp; H. Maas" authorityYear="2023" class="Liliopsida" family="Costaceae" genus="Costus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Costus whiskeycola" order="Zingiberales" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="whiskeycola">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">Costus whiskeycola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 20" captionStartId="F20" captionText="Figure 20. Costus whiskeycola Maas &amp; H. Maas A cultivated plant grown from seeds from the Plowman &amp; Davis 4396 accession now growing at the Utrecht Botanical Gardens, The Netherlands B cultivated plant obtained from the established nursery trade, accession D. Skinner R 2847 C flowers showing spreading labellum with lateral markings and a prominent honey mark D bracts with green and red erect appendages E comparison of leaf plication between (i) C. whiskeycola and (ii) C. erythrophyllus F comparison of ligule and leaf bases of (i) C. whiskeycola and (ii) C. erythrophyllus G comparison of leaf sections showing thicker mesophil layer in (i) C. whiskeycola v. (ii) C. erythrophyllus. Leaf images in C-D taken from plants that were pressed and accessioned as D. Skinner R 3026 (C. Costus whiskeycola sp. nov.) and D. Skinner R 2948 (C. erythrophyllus). Photo A by Lubbert Westra, photos B-F by Dave Skinner." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.222.87779.figure20" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/828359" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">20</figureCitation>
) looks quite similar to 
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Costaceae" genus="Costus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Costus erythrophyllus" order="Zingiberales" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="erythrophyllus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">Costus erythrophyllus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Loes., sharing many features of inflorescence and flowers, but it is markedly different in their leaves which lack the distinct plication and which have a dark, olive green adaxial surface.
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/phytokeys.222.87779.figure20" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/828359" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" start="Figure 20" startId="F20">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="75">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">Figure 20.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Maas &amp; H. Maas" authorityYear="2023" class="Liliopsida" family="Costaceae" genus="Costus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Costus whiskeycola" order="Zingiberales" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="whiskeycola">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">Costus whiskeycola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Maas &amp; H.Maas 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">A</emphasis>
cultivated plant grown from seeds from the 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">Plowman &amp; Davis 4396</emphasis>
accession now growing at the Utrecht Botanical Gardens, The Netherlands 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">B</emphasis>
cultivated plant obtained from the established nursery trade, accession 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">D.Skinner R2847</emphasis>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">C</emphasis>
flowers showing spreading labellum with lateral markings and a prominent honey mark 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">D</emphasis>
bracts with green and red erect appendages 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">E</emphasis>
comparison of leaf plication between (i) 
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Costaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. whiskeycola" order="Zingiberales" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="whiskeycola">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">C. whiskeycola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and (ii) 
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Costaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. erythrophyllus" order="Zingiberales" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="erythrophyllus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">C. erythrophyllus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">F</emphasis>
comparison of ligule and leaf bases of (i) 
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Costaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. whiskeycola" order="Zingiberales" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="whiskeycola">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">C. whiskeycola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and (ii) 
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Costaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. erythrophyllus" order="Zingiberales" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="erythrophyllus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">C. erythrophyllus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">G</emphasis>
comparison of leaf sections showing thicker mesophil layer in (i) 
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Costaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. whiskeycola" order="Zingiberales" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="whiskeycola">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">C. whiskeycola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
v. (ii) 
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Costaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. erythrophyllus" order="Zingiberales" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="erythrophyllus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">C. erythrophyllus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Leaf images in 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">C-D</emphasis>
taken from plants that were pressed and accessioned as 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">D.Skinner R3026</emphasis>
(C. 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Maas &amp; H. Maas" authorityYear="2023" class="Liliopsida" family="Costaceae" genus="Costus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Costus whiskeycola" order="Zingiberales" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="whiskeycola">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">Costus whiskeycola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov.) and 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">D.Skinner R2948</emphasis>
(
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Costaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. erythrophyllus" order="Zingiberales" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="erythrophyllus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">C. erythrophyllus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). Photo 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">A</emphasis>
by Lubbert Westra, photos 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">B-F</emphasis>
by Dave Skinner.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="75" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="75">
<typeStatus>Type</typeStatus>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="75">
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1974-11-05" collectorName="Quebrada El Whiskey, Plowman, Davis" country="Colombia" county="Km" elevation="400" location="Quebrada El Whiskey" municipality="Mocoa-Puerto Asis Road" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Putumayo" typeStatus="holotype">
<collectingCountry name="Colombia">Colombia</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingRegion country="Colombia" name="Putumayo">Putumayo</collectingRegion>
: 
<collectingCounty>Km</collectingCounty>
42 of 
<collectingMunicipality>Mocoa-Puerto Asis Road</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<collectorName>
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A8C88702988454E3B7F278BEECF5CEC4:053696692457E3A83283FB096F9DE187" country="Colombia" county="Km" municipality="Mocoa-Puerto Asis Road" name="Quebrada El Whiskey" stateProvince="Putumayo">Quebrada El Whiskey</location>
</collectorName>
, 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A8C88702988454E3B7F278BEECF5CEC4:FB9C0F01502F2FF548BE8C0934BCE2A4" country="Colombia" county="Km" municipality="Mocoa-Puerto Asis Road" name="Finca Santa Marta" stateProvince="Putumayo">Finca Santa Marta</location>
, 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A8C88702988454E3B7F278BEECF5CEC4:BA8CC2007CB14D41E5FADB66B51A4DBA" country="Colombia" county="Km" municipality="Mocoa-Puerto Asis Road" name="Hilltop forest" stateProvince="Putumayo">Hilltop forest</location>
, c. 
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" unit="m" value="400.0">
<elevation metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" unit="m" value="400.0">400 m</elevation>
</quantity>
(&quot; 
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.84048" unit="ft" value="1260.0">
<elevation metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.84048" unit="ft" value="1260.0">1260 ft</elevation>
</quantity>
&quot;), 
<collectingDate value="1974-11-05">5 Nov 1974</collectingDate>
, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">
<collectorName>Plowman</collectorName>
&amp; 
<collectorName>Davis</collectorName>
4396
</emphasis>
(
<typeStatus>holotype</typeStatus>
COL; isotype PSO)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="75" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="75">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="75">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">Herb</emphasis>
0.5-0.7 m tall. 
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">Leaves</emphasis>
sheaths 10-18 mm diam; ligule 10-20 mm long, obliquely truncate; petiole 5-15 mm long; sheaths, ligule and petiole glabrous, purple-red to green; lamina ovate-elliptic to narrowly ovate-elliptic, 22-29 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
10-13 cm, dark, olive green adaxially, red-purple to dark purple abaxially, with 5-6 dark green bands corresponding with slightly raised veins above, adaxial and abaxial surfaces both glabrous, base acute, apex acute to shortly acuminate (acumen 3-5 mm long). 
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">Inflorescence</emphasis>
ovoid, ca. 7 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
4.5 cm, terminating a leafy shoot; bracts and appendages of bracts, bracteole, calyx, and ovary glabrous. 
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">Flowers</emphasis>
abaxially oriented; bracts red, coriaceous, broadly ovate, 3-4 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
2-3.5 cm; appendages green, foliaceous, ascending, triangular-ovate, 2.5-5 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
2-3.5 cm, apex acute; bracteole boat-shaped, 24-30 mm long; calyx red, 12-20 mm long, lobes very shallowly triangular, 2-5 mm long; corolla white, 60-75 mm long, glabrous, lobes narrowly elliptic, 45-60 mm long; labellum white, distal edge horizontally spreading, broadly obovate, 60-70 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
50 mm, lateral lobes striped with red, middle lobe reflexed with yellow honey mark, irregularly lobulate, margin crenulate; stamen white, tinged with red, 35-40 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
13-14 mm, not exceeding the labellum, apex 3-dentate, anther 8-10 mm long. 
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">Capsule</emphasis>
not seen.
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/phytokeys.222.87779.figure21" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/828360" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" start="Figure 21" startId="F21">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="75">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">Figure 21.</emphasis>
Distribution maps for new species of 
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Costaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Zingiberales" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Costaceae</taxonomicName>
: 
<taxonomicName authorityName="C.D.Specht &amp; D.W.Stevenson" authorityYear="2006" class="Liliopsida" family="Costaceae" genus="Chamaecostus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Chamaecostus" order="Zingiberales" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">Chamaecostus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
- 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Maas &amp; H. Maas" authorityYear="2023" class="Liliopsida" family="Costaceae" genus="Costus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Costus douglasdalyi" order="Zingiberales" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="douglasdalyi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">Costus douglasdalyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">A</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Maas &amp; H. Maas" authorityYear="2023" class="Liliopsida" family="Costaceae" genus="Chamaecostus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Chamaecostus manausensis" order="Zingiberales" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="manausensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">Chamaecostus manausensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Maas &amp; H.Maas 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">B</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Maas &amp; H. Maas" authorityYear="2023" class="Liliopsida" family="Costaceae" genus="Costus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Costus alfredoi" order="Zingiberales" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="alfredoi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">Costus alfredoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Maas &amp; H.Maas 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">C</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Maas &amp; D. Skinner" authorityYear="2023" class="Liliopsida" family="Costaceae" genus="Costus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Costus alleniopsis" order="Zingiberales" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="alleniopsis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">Costus alleniopsis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Maas &amp; D.Skinner 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">D</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Maas &amp; H. Maas" authorityYear="2023" class="Liliopsida" family="Costaceae" genus="Costus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Costus alticolus" order="Zingiberales" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="alticolus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">Costus alticolus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Maas &amp; H.Maas 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">E</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Maas &amp; H. Maas" authorityYear="2023" class="Liliopsida" family="Costaceae" genus="Costus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Costus antioquiensis" order="Zingiberales" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="antioquiensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">Costus antioquiensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Maas &amp; H.Maas 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">F</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Maas &amp; H. Maas" authorityYear="2023" class="Liliopsida" family="Costaceae" genus="Costus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Costus callosus" order="Zingiberales" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="callosus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">Costus callosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Maas &amp; H.Maas 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">G</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Maas &amp; H. Maas" authorityYear="2023" class="Liliopsida" family="Costaceae" genus="Costus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Costus cochabambae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cochabambae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">Costus cochabambae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Maas &amp; H.Maas 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">H</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Maas &amp; D. Skinner" authorityYear="2023" class="Liliopsida" family="Costaceae" genus="Costus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Costus convexus" order="Zingiberales" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="convexus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">Costus convexus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Maas &amp; D.Skinner 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">I</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Maas &amp; H. Maas" authorityYear="2023" class="Liliopsida" family="Costaceae" genus="Costus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Costus douglasdalyi" order="Zingiberales" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="douglasdalyi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">Costus douglasdalyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Maas &amp; H.Maas.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="75" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="75">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="75">
Colombia (Putumayo). Ecuador (Napo), Peru (Loreto) (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 22" captionStartId="F22" captionText="Figure 22. Distribution maps for new species of Costaceae. Costus gibbosus - Costus whiskeycola m A Costus gibbosus D. Skinner &amp; Maas B Costus mollissimus Maas &amp; H. Maas C Costus obscurus D. Skinner &amp; Maas D Costus oreophilus Maas &amp; D. Skinner E Costus pitalito C. D. Specht &amp; H. Maas F Costus prancei Maas &amp; H. Maas G Costus pseudospiralis Maas &amp; H. Maas H Costus rubineus D. Skinner &amp; Maas I Costus whiskeycola Maas &amp; H. Maas." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.222.87779.figure22" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/828361" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">22I</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/phytokeys.222.87779.figure22" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/828361" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" start="Figure 22" startId="F22">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="75">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">Figure 22.</emphasis>
Distribution maps for new species of 
<taxonomicName family="Costaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Zingiberales" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" rank="family">Costaceae</taxonomicName>
. 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">
<taxonomicName authorityName="D. Skinner &amp; Maas" authorityYear="2023" class="Liliopsida" family="Costaceae" genus="Costus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Costus gibbosus" order="Zingiberales" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gibbosus">Costus gibbosus</taxonomicName>
- 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Maas &amp; H. Maas" authorityYear="2023" class="Liliopsida" family="Costaceae" genus="Costus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Costus whiskeycola" order="Zingiberales" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="whiskeycola">Costus whiskeycola</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
m 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">A</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="D. Skinner &amp; Maas" authorityYear="2023" class="Liliopsida" family="Costaceae" genus="Costus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Costus gibbosus" order="Zingiberales" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gibbosus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">Costus gibbosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
D.Skinner &amp; Maas 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">B</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Maas &amp; H. Maas" authorityYear="2023" class="Liliopsida" family="Costaceae" genus="Costus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Costus mollissimus" order="Zingiberales" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mollissimus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">Costus mollissimus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Maas &amp; H.Maas 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">C</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="D. Skinner &amp; Maas" authorityYear="2023" class="Liliopsida" family="Costaceae" genus="Costus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Costus obscurus" order="Zingiberales" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="obscurus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">Costus obscurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
D.Skinner &amp; Maas 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">D</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Maas &amp; D. Skinner" authorityYear="2023" class="Liliopsida" family="Costaceae" genus="Costus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Costus oreophilus" order="Zingiberales" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="oreophilus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">Costus oreophilus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Maas &amp; D.Skinner 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">E</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="C. D. Specht &amp; H. Maas" authorityYear="2023" class="Liliopsida" family="Costaceae" genus="Costus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Costus pitalito" order="Zingiberales" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pitalito">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">Costus pitalito</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
C.D.Specht &amp; H.Maas 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">F</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Maas &amp; H. Maas" authorityYear="2023" class="Liliopsida" family="Costaceae" genus="Costus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Costus prancei" order="Zingiberales" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="prancei">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">Costus prancei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Maas &amp; H.Maas 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">G</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Maas &amp; H. Maas" authorityYear="2023" class="Liliopsida" family="Costaceae" genus="Costus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Costus pseudospiralis" order="Zingiberales" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pseudospiralis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">Costus pseudospiralis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Maas &amp; H.Maas 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">H</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="D. Skinner &amp; Maas" authorityYear="2023" class="Liliopsida" family="Costaceae" genus="Costus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Costus rubineus" order="Zingiberales" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rubineus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">Costus rubineus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
D.Skinner &amp; Maas 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">I</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Maas &amp; H. Maas" authorityYear="2023" class="Liliopsida" family="Costaceae" genus="Costus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Costus whiskeycola" order="Zingiberales" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="whiskeycola">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">Costus whiskeycola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Maas &amp; H.Maas.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="75" type="habitat">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="75">Habitat and ecology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="75">In tropical wet forests at an elevation of 250-400 m. Flowering period is uncertain.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="75" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="75">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="75">
This species has been named after its type locality El Whiskey (Putumayo, Colombia), with 
<normalizedToken originalValue="“cola”">&quot;cola&quot;</normalizedToken>
the Latin for &quot;living in&quot;.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="75" type="paratypes">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="75">Paratypes.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="75">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">Colombia. Putumayo</emphasis>
: El Chapo, 250 m, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">Skinner R 3463</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">Cultivated Material</emphasis>
Greenhouse of 
<normalizedToken originalValue="“Sandwijck”">&quot;Sandwijck&quot;</normalizedToken>
, near Utrecht, the Netherlands, 3 Aug 1978, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">Maas 74-618</emphasis>
(AAU, COL, K, NY, QCA, P, U161001, U161002, US), from the type collection 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">Plowman &amp; Davis 4396</emphasis>
; cultivated in USBRG as 1994-680, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">Skinner R 2257</emphasis>
(UC); cultivated in Jesse Durko Nursery, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">Skinner R 2847</emphasis>
; cultivated by Bob Campos, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">Skinner R 2948</emphasis>
; Smith College Botanical Garden, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">Skinner R 3026</emphasis>
(UC).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="75" type="notes">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="75">Notes.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="75">
This new species has long been widely cultivated worldwide, originally grown from seeds collected by Tim Plowman when preparing 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">Plowman &amp; Davis 4396</emphasis>
at the type locality. Until a late stage in our revision, we united this species with 
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Costaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. erythrophyllus" order="Zingiberales" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="erythrophyllus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">C. erythrophyllus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Loes. Although the flowers and inflorescence look very much like those of that species, the leaves are quite different in their colour and the almost absence of distinct plication. They also have a thicker mesophil layer and are waxy in living plants. This species can also be distinguished from 
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Costaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. erythrophyllus" order="Zingiberales" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="erythrophyllus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">C. erythrophyllus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the length and shape of the ligules, which are truncate to obliquely truncate instead of being deeply lobed.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="75">
In April 2022, Dave Skinner visited the Santa Cruz private reserve of Project Amazonas near Iquitos, Loreto, Peru and found large populations of plants in primary forest that are identical vegetatively and have flowers that match those of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Maas &amp; H. Maas" authorityYear="2023" class="Liliopsida" family="Costaceae" genus="Costus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Costus whiskeycola" order="Zingiberales" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="whiskeycola">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">Costus whiskeycola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. However, the bracts lack leafy appendages. It is yet to be determined whether or not these plants are of this same species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</subSection>
</document>